Relevant bibliographies by topics / Monarch butterfly

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Monarch butterfly'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Monarch butterfly"

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Palma, Luís, Sasha Vasconcelos, Ana Filipa Palmeirim, and Juan Pablo Cancela. "History of colonisation and updated distribution of the Monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus (Linnaeus, 1758) and its hostplants in mainland Portugal, Azores and Madeira." Nota Lepidopterologica 46 (March 9, 2023): 83–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.46.89665.

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The first observations of the Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) in Iberia date from 1886, although breeding records emerged almost a century later: 1960 in Spain, 1980s–1990s in Madeira and Azores, and 2003 in mainland Portugal. We reviewed the history of the colonisation of mainland and insular Portugal by the Monarch butterfly and its hostplants (Gomphocarpus fruticosus, G. physocarpus and Asclepias curassavica). We also compiled available historical and recent occurrence records as a basis for countrywide surveys of the butterfly and hostplants, to update their current distributions in Portugal. Locations for only a few of the older records represented newly rediscovered populations in the field, although recent occurrences were often confirmed. Hostplants were scarce and monarchs absent in northern and central mainland Portugal, but both were quite common in the southwest. In Madeira, hostplants were found in two locations, while monarchs were common and widespread. In the Azores, small hostplant patches were observed on four of seven surveyed islands, whereas monarchs were rare and restricted to two islands. Abandoned/semi-abandoned orange orchards represent the butterfly’s stronghold in Portugal, with the species being increasingly scarce along rivers and road verges where hostplants are declining. Hostplant persistence is unstable, with many patches removed, while others have expanded or colonised new areas. Overall, hostplants appear to be declining, with implications for the persistence of monarch butterflies in the country.
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James, David G. "A Neonicotinoid Insecticide at a Rate Found in Nectar Reduces Longevity but Not Oogenesis in Monarch Butterflies, Danaus plexippus (L.). (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)." Insects 10, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 276. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10090276.

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The monarch butterfly in North America has suffered a serious population decline since the mid-1990s. The introduction and widespread use of neonicotinoid insecticides during the same time period has been suggested as a potential driver of this decline but no studies have looked at the impact of these insecticides on adult monarchs. A brief laboratory study assessed the impact of Imidacloprid, the most commonly used neonicotinoid, on western monarch butterfly longevity and oogenesis. Imidacloprid at 23.5 ppb, a field-realistic rate reported from wild nectar and pollen, was fed ad libitum to newly-eclosed monarchs in a sugar-based diet for 22 days. Treated monarchs showed reduced longevity, suffering 78.8% mortality by day 22, compared to 20% in untreated monarchs. Prior to death, butterflies exhibited signs of poisoning including uncoordinated flapping of wings and uncontrolled vibrating of wings and body. Imidacloprid did not reduce egg production. Shortened adult longevity has serious consequences for monarch population development, migration and overwintering. The potential widespread impact of imidacloprid-contaminated crop and wild flower nectar, may be a significant driver of monarch population decline. More research on the impact of neonicotinoid insecticides on the monarch and other butterflies should be viewed as a serious priority.
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Wang, Gai-Ge, Suash Deb, and Zhihua Cui. "Monarch butterfly optimization." Neural Computing and Applications 31, no. 7 (May 19, 2015): 1995–2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00521-015-1923-y.

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Thogmartin, Wayne E., Ruscena Wiederholt, Karen Oberhauser, Ryan G. Drum, Jay E. Diffendorfer, Sonia Altizer, Orley R. Taylor, et al. "Monarch butterfly population decline in North America: identifying the threatening processes." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 9 (September 2017): 170760. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170760.

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The monarch butterfly ( Danaus plexippus ) population in North America has sharply declined over the last two decades. Despite rising concern over the monarch butterfly's status, no comprehensive study of the factors driving this decline has been conducted. Using partial least-squares regressions and time-series analysis, we investigated climatic and habitat-related factors influencing monarch population size from 1993 to 2014. Potential threats included climatic factors, habitat loss (milkweed and overwinter forest), disease and agricultural insecticide use (neonicotinoids). While climatic factors, principally breeding season temperature, were important determinants of annual variation in abundance, our results indicated strong negative relationships between population size and habitat loss variables, principally glyphosate use, but also weaker negative effects from the loss of overwinter forest and breeding season use of neonicotinoids. Further declines in population size because of glyphosate application are not expected. Thus, if remaining threats to habitat are mitigated we expect climate-induced stochastic variation of the eastern migratory population of monarch butterfly around a relatively stationary population size.
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Poindexter, Kristen. "Column: Elementary Explorations." Hoosier Science Teacher 45, no. 1 (June 14, 2022): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14434/thst.v45i1.34437.

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Being a citizen scientist is one way young students can become interested in science. Through classroom tested lessons, this article explores ways that the migration of the Monarch butterfly can be incorporated into a Kindergarten classroom, allowing students to share Monarch butterfly sightings with the science community at large and for them to teach others about the importance of helping the Monarch butterfly in its journey south to Mexico each fall.
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Reppert, Steven M., and Jacobus C. de Roode. "Demystifying Monarch Butterfly Migration." Current Biology 28, no. 17 (September 2018): R1009—R1022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2018.02.067.

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Howard, Elizabeth, Harlen Aschen, and Andrew K. Davis. "Citizen Science Observations of Monarch Butterfly Overwintering in the Southern United States." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2010 (2010): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/689301.

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Members of the public have long had a fascination with the monarch butterfly,Danaus plexippus, because of its amazing long-distance migration to overwintering sites in central Mexico, and many participate in online citizen-science programs where they report observations of its life history in North America. Here, we examine a little-studied aspect of monarch biology, the degree of overwintering in the southern United States. We compiled 9 years of sightings of overwintering monarchs in the southern United States that were reported to Journey North, a web-based citizen science program, to map the distribution of areas where monarchs are capable of surviving during the winter (i.e., in January and February), differentiating between adult sightings and sightings of breeding activity. We also statistically compared the latitudes of adult and breeding sightings, examined differences across years in latitude of sightings, and quantified the number of monarchs reported with each sighting. Of all 254 sightings, 80% came from Florida and Texas, with the remainder coming from South Carolina, Louisiana, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, North Carolina, and even one in Virginia. This distribution was generally consistent with the winter range predicted by prior investigators based on climatic conditions of this region. Sightings of adults were on average from higher latitudes than reports of breeding activity and there was significant variation across years in the average latitude of all sightings. The majority of sightings (94.2%) were of fewer than 10 adult monarchs per location, and there were no reports of clustering behavior that is typical of monarch overwintering in California and Mexico. The results of this investigation broaden our collective understanding of this stage of the monarch life cycle and, more generally, highlight the value of citizen science programs in advancing science.
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Nestle, Rebecca, Jaret C. Daniels, and Adam G. Dale. "Mixed-Species Gardens Increase Monarch Oviposition without Increasing Top-Down Predation." Insects 11, no. 9 (September 22, 2020): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090648.

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Monarch butterfly populations have declined by over 80% in the last 20 years. Conservation efforts focus on the creation of milkweed habitats to mitigate this decline. Previous research has found monarchs lay more eggs per milkweed stem in urban gardens than natural habitats and recent work identified specific garden designs that make urban gardens more attractive to monarchs. Increasing plant diversity can reduce specialist insect herbivore colonization via bottom-up (e.g., plant) and top-down (e.g., predation) regulatory factors. Although this is beneficial for pest management efforts, it contradicts conservation efforts. In this study, we explored if adding multiple flowering species to garden-sized milkweed plantings affected monarch oviposition or top-down regulation of larvae. We compared monarch egg abundance, natural enemy abundance and richness, and biological control of monarch larvae in milkweed monocultures and milkweed mixed with four additional wildflower species. We found that monarchs laid 22% more eggs on sentinel milkweed plants in mixed-species plots with no effect of plant diversity on monarch survival. We also found higher natural enemy richness, wasp, and predatory bug abundance in the mixed-species plots and this did not translate to higher biological control rates. Our results provide more evidence that plant selection and habitat design are important for monarch conservation.
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Tenger-Trolander, Ayşe, Wei Lu, Michelle Noyes, and Marcus R. Kronforst. "Contemporary loss of migration in monarch butterflies." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 29 (June 24, 2019): 14671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1904690116.

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The annual migration of the monarch butterfly Danaus plexippus is in peril. In an effort to aid population recovery, monarch enthusiasts across North America participate in a variety of conservation efforts, including captive rearing and release of monarch butterflies throughout the summer and autumn. However, the impact of captive breeding on monarchs remains an open question. Here, we show that captive breeding, both commercially and by summertime hobbyists, causes migratory behavior to be lost. Monarchs acquired commercially failed to orient south when reared outdoors in the autumn, unlike wild-caught North American monarchs, yet they did enter reproductive diapause. The commercial population was genetically highly divergent from wild-caught North American monarchs and had rounder forewings, similar to monarchs from nonmigratory populations. Furthermore, rearing wild-caught monarchs in an indoor environment mimicking natural migration-inducing conditions failed to elicit southward flight orientation. In fact, merely eclosing indoors after an otherwise complete lifecycle outdoors was enough to disrupt southern orientation. Our results provide a window into the complexity—and remarkable fragility—of migration.
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Kesler, Karen Keller, and Rick Bunch. "Mapping the Migration." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 14, no. 1 (January 23, 2023): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.316769.

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Monarch butterfly populations have been declining at an accelerating rate. While local mitigative measures can provide some relief, the larger scale loss of habitat and lack of flyway continuity must also be addressed. This study utilized a site suitability model to rank all locations within the Western monarch migratory zone in relation to factors that collectively attribute to butterfly viability, sustainability, and functionality. The two overarching study goals were to identify flyway gaps and to compare the model outcomes with geolocated butterfly sightings. The model weighed temperature, precipitation, elevation, and land cover/use factors based on their overall impact on site suitability. In addition to these factors, wildfires, solar farms, genetically modified crops, snow/ice cover, and open water were modeled as uninhabitable zones incapable of sustaining butterfly populations. The study results illuminated the heterogeneity of the Western monarch migratory range as well as raised questions regarding possible abnormal butterfly behaviors.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Monarch butterfly"

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Dockx, Cristina. "Migration of the North American monarch Danaus plexippus to Cuba." Connect to this title online, 2002. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE1001134.

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Joli-Coeur, Félix-Antoine. "From enemies to allies : transforming the relationship with local communities in the management of protected areas : the uncertain case of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=83113.

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The presence of inhabitants in protected areas, a common occurrence in developing countries, represents a major challenge for conservation. This MA thesis questions the state's strategy in the case of the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve, in Mexico, a strategy which is officially based on the implementation of sustainable development through the participation of local communities. Working with the assumption that sustainable development is a political concept that implies a competition between different actors in order to define what has to be sustained, for whom, by whom, why, and how, I first analyze the factors that, until now, have impeded local inhabitants' participation. I argue that the subordination of civil society by the state during the last century is a historical burden that has debilitated civil society's capacity for effective participation. Second, I discuss the state's vision of sustainable development and the weight given to the two conflicting visions held, on the one hand, by local inhabitants and, on the other, by the environmentalists and biologists. I conclude that the state's appeal for the participation of local communities is not in recognition of the fact that local inhabitants have the right to greater input in the definition of sustainable development in the region, but needs to be understood as a strategy to achieve rule compliance. Unfortunately, then, while the Monarch Butterfly Biosphere Reserve may be managed according to a vision of sustainable development, this is not a vision that has emerged from a dialogue between the state and civil society. Local support is thus unlikely since transforming local communities into allies would rather require achieving a compromise based upon genuine dialogue.
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Rice, Jocelyn. "The butterfly clock : illuminating the molecular mysteries of monarch migration." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42148.

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Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2007.
Includes bibliographical references (leaf 45).
Each fall, the entire monarch butterfly population of the Eastern United States and Canada funnels into a handful of oyamel pine groves in Michoacan, Mexico, to weather the winter months. Each spring, the butterflies mate and fly north to repopulate the continent in short generational bursts. The monarchs flying south in the fall are three generations removed from those that made the trip the previous year. With no parents to guide its way, a migrating monarch has only its genes to steer it to its Mexican overwintering site. Monarchs orient using the sun as a guidepost. Because the sun appears to move across the sky throughout the day, the butterflies must keep track of time in order to correctly interpret the sun's position. Although this so-called "time-compensated sun compass" was demonstrated in 1997, little was known about how it worked. Steven Reppert, a neurobiologist at the University of Massachusetts Medical School in Worcester, MA, is working to change that. His lab seeks to understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms monarchs use to guide them on their remarkable yearly journey. Reppert and his colleagues believe they have pinpointed the sun compass, and the circadian clock that guides it, in the monarch brain. They have shown how the clock and compass might work together to allow the monarchs to find their way to Mexico. Their work has also uncovered some unexpected insights into the workings and evolution of circadian clocks in general. This thesis profiles these discoveries, exploring how circadian biology has illuminated monarch migration, and how monarchs, in turn, have illuminated circadian biology.
by Jocelyn Rice.
S.M.in Science Writing
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Thogmartin, Wayne E., Laura López-Hoffman, Jason Rohweder, Jay Diffendorfer, Ryan Drum, Darius Semmens, Scott Black, et al. "Restoring monarch butterfly habitat in the Midwestern US: ‘all hands on deck’." IOP PUBLISHING LTD, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624923.

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The eastern migratory population of monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus plexippus) has declined by >80% within the last two decades. One possible cause of this decline is the loss of >= 1.3 billion stems of milkweed (Asclepias spp.), which monarchs require for reproduction. In an effort to restore monarchs to a population goal established by the US Fish and Wildlife Service and adopted by Mexico, Canada, and the US, we developed scenarios for amending the Midwestern US landscape with milkweed. Scenarios for milkweed restoration were developed for protected area grasslands, Conservation Reserve Program land, powerline, rail and roadside rights of way, urban/suburban lands, and land in agricultural production. Agricultural land was further divided into productive and marginal cropland. We elicited expert opinion as to the biological potential (in stems per acre) for lands in these individual sectors to support milkweed restoration and the likely adoption (probability) of management practices necessary for affecting restoration. Sixteen of 218 scenarios we developed for restoring milkweed to the Midwestern US were at levels (>1.3 billion new stems) necessary to reach the monarch population goal. One of these scenarios would convert all marginal agriculture to conserved status. The other 15 scenarios converted half of marginal agriculture (730 million stems), with remaining stems contributed by other societal sectors. Scenarios without substantive agricultural participation were insufficient for attaining the population goal. Agricultural lands are essential to reaching restoration targets because they occupy 77% of all potential monarch habitat. Barring fundamental changes to policy, innovative application of economic tools such as habitat exchanges may provide sufficient resources to tip the balance of the agro-ecological landscape toward a setting conducive to both robust agricultural production and reduced imperilment of the migratory monarch butterfly.
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Thogmartin, Wayne E., Jay E. Diffendorfer, Laura López-Hoffman, Karen Oberhauser, John Pleasants, Brice X. Semmens, Darius Semmens, Orley R. Taylor, and Ruscena Wiederholt. "Density estimates of monarch butterflies overwintering in central Mexico." PEERJ INC, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624050.

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Given the rapid population decline and recent petition for listing of the monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) under the Endangered Species Act, an accurate estimate of the Eastern, migratory population size is needed. Because of difficulty in counting individual monarchs, the number of hectares occupied by monarchs in the overwintering area is commonly used as a proxy for population size, which is then multiplied by the density of individuals per hectare to estimate population size. There is, however, considerable variation in published estimates of overwintering density, ranging from 6.9-60.9 million ha(-1). We develop a probability distribution for overwinter density of monarch butterflies from six published density estimates. The mean density among the mixture of the six published estimates was similar to 27.9 million butterflies ha(-1) (95% CI [2.4-80.7] million ha(-1)); the mixture distribution is approximately log-normal, and as such is better represented by the median (21.1 million butterflies ha(-1)). Based upon assumptions regarding the number of milkweed needed to support monarchs, the amount of milkweed (Asciepias spp.) lost (0.86 billion stems) in the northern US plus the amount of milkweed remaining (1.34 billion stems), we estimate >1.8 billion stems is needed to return monarchs to an average population size of 6 ha. Considerable uncertainty exists in this required amount of milkweed because of the considerable uncertainty occurring in overwinter density estimates. Nevertheless, the estimate is on the same order as other published estimates, The studies included in our synthesis differ substantially by year, location, method, and measures of precision. A better understanding of the factors influencing overwintering density across space and time would be valuable for increasing the precision of conservation recommendations.
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Stratton, Samuel M. "The Heat is On: Temperature Sensation in Monarch Butterflies (Danaus Plexippus)." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1627666480991126.

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Yuan, Quan. "The Circadian Clock in Monarch Butterfly: A Tale of Two CRYs: A Dissertation." eScholarship@UMMS, 2009. https://escholarship.umassmed.edu/gsbs_diss/429.

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Every fall, Northeastern America monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) undergo an extraordinary migration to their overwintering site in Central Mexico. During their long migration, monarch migrants use sun compass to navigate. To maintain a southward flying direction, monarch migrants compensate for the continuously changing position of the sun by providing timing information to the compass using their circadian clock. Animal circadian clocks depend primarily on a negative transcriptional feedback loop to track time. I started my work to re-construct the monarch butterfly circadian clock negative feedback loop in cell culture, focusing on homologs of Drosophila clock genes. It turned out that in addition to a Drosophila-like cryptochrome (cry1) gene, a second mammalian-like cry2 gene exists in monarch butterflies and many other insects, except in Drosophila. The two CRYs showed distinct functions in our initial assays in cultured Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells. CRY2 functions as a potent transcriptional repressor, while CRY1 is light sensitive but shows no obvious transcriptional activity. The existence of two cry genes in insects changed the Drosophila-centric view of insect circadian clock. During the course of my study, our lab obtained a monarch cell line called DpN1 cells. These cells possess a light-driven clock and contributed tremendously to the research on monarch circadian clock. Using this cell line, I provided strong evidence supporting monarch CRY2’s role as a major circadian clock repressor and identified a protein-protein protective interaction cascade underlying the CRY1-mediated resetting of the molecular oscillator in DpN1 cells. I continued my work trying to understand how insect CRY2 inhibits transcription. I provided evidence suggesting the involvement of monarch PER in promoting CRY2 nuclear entry in both S2 cells and DpN1 cells. Finally, I mapped CRY2’s transcriptional inhibitory activity onto its N-terminal domain. Collectively, my research helped to change our view of insect clocks from a Drosophila-centric standpoint to a much more diverse picture. My studies also advanced the understanding of monarch circadian clock mechanism, and provides a foundation for further studies.
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Griffiths, Jessica Lynn. "Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus) tree preference and intersite movement at California overwintering sites." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1256.

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Managing Monarch butterfly overwintering groves: making room among the eucalyptus Proper management and conservation of the coastal California overwintering sites used by western Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.) is critical for continued use of these sites by monarchs. Many management efforts are currently concentrating on eucalyptus-only sites because of the prevailing notion that monarchs prefer eucalyptus over native tree species. Yet, whether a preference exists or not has never been tested. Herein, we test the “eucalyptus preference” hypothesis with data from five overwintering sites comprised of blue gum eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and at least one other native tree species from fall 2009 to spring 2012. We found that when monarchs clustered disproportionately on a tree species relative to its availability, they clustered significantly more than expected on native trees and significantly less than expected on eucalyptus. Also, in years when the overwintering population was highest, monarchs clustered disproportionately on native conifers, and they often switched from clustering on eucalyptus in the early winter to native conifers in the middle or late winter. Our results suggest that overwintering groves should be managed to include a mixture of tree species. We cannot recommend simply planting more eucalyptus. At overwintering sites in central coastal California, native conifers such as Monterey cypress (Hesperocyparis macrocarpa) and pitch canker-resistant Monterey pine (Pinus radiata) should be planted as replacements for blue gum eucalyptus in areas where trees are likely to fall, and around the perimeter of groves. Testing the Monarch butterfly eucalyptus preference hypothesis at California overwintering sites Western Monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.) overwinter in groves of native and non-native trees along the California coast. Eucalyptus is abundant in coastal counties, and overwintering monarchs utilize this type of tree more than any other. This has led to the belief that monarchs prefer eucalyptus. Yet whether a preference exists has never been tested. We tested the “eucalyptus preference” hypothesis at five California overwintering sites with canopies comprised of eucalyptus and at least one native conifer species. We found that at no time over the course of three years did monarchs cluster on trees in proportion to their availability in the canopy. Overall, they did not cluster on one tree species significantly more frequently than another, indicating that monarchs do not prefer eucalyptus—or any tree species—all of the time. However, more often than not monarchs clustered significantly more than expected on native trees, particularly at midseason when the weather was most inclement. They also clustered disproportionately on native conifers when the overwintering population size was highest. At most sites monarchs exhibited tree switching, shifting from eucalyptus to native conifers in the middle or late winter. Based on these results, we reject the “eucalyptus preference” hypothesis. In its place, we propose the “conditional preference hypothesis”, wherein monarchs are predicted to prefer cluster trees according to microclimate conditions and prefer alternate trees within a site as climatic conditions change. Rejection of the eucalyptus preference hypothesis suggests that sites comprised exclusively of eucalyptus may not offer monarchs a suitable range of microhabitats, and further suggests we should rethink “eucalyptus-centric” management. Monarch butterflies overwintering in coastal California: low site fidelity and high intersite movement Western monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus L.) overwinter in large aggregations at hundreds of sites along the California coast. Management plans and census methods are both founded on the assumption that individual monarchs arrive at an overwintering site in the fall and stay at that site for the winter. Though populations potentially coalesce en masse from autumnal sites onto climax overwintering sites, very little individual movement between sites is inferred. Monarch movement is therefore thought to be primarily into sites (as opposed to out of or among them). We refer to this assumption and inference as the accrual hypothesis. In light of previous studies that provide evidence for movement among sites, we propose that overwintering monarchs may belong to a superpopulation. The existence of a superpopulation comprised of individuals moving in and out of sites would force us to rethink our ideas of landscape-level resource use by monarchs, our site-centric (rather than landscape-level) management strategies, and our abundance estimation techniques, which employ closed population models. We tested the closed population model, the accrual hypothesis, and the superpopulation model at three California overwintering sites using a mark-resight study design. We found that a large proportion of the monarchs at a site moved among (into and out of) monitored sites, both while the population size increased in October and November, and while the population appeared to exhibit an equilibrium winter maximum. The pattern of abundance of both tagged and untagged monarchs at monitored sites leads us to reject the closed population model and the accrual hypothesis. We found that monarchs at all three study sites are part of a larger superpopulation, though the sites do not contribute to the superpopulation equally. We determined that mark-resight is a viable alternative to existing population estimation techniques, though mark-resight methods would need to be explored further before being applied routinely. Our results suggest we need to move away from site-based management and manage instead for landscape-level overwintering (superpopulation) dynamics.
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Arnold, Paige Marie. "Variation in nectar composition: The influence of nectar quality on Monarch success." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1467568732.

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Garlick, Kristopher Michael. "Visual and olfactory sensory systems employed by monarch butterflies (Danaus plexippus) to locate their milkweed host plants." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/503.

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Books on the topic "Monarch butterfly"

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Gibbons, Gail. Monarch butterfly. New York: Holiday House, 1989.

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ill, Kuhn Dwight, ed. Monarch Butterfly. Milwaukee, WI: G. Stevens, 2001.

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Gibbons, Gail. Monarch butterfly. New York: Holiday House, 1989.

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Goddard, Jolyon. Monarch butterfly. Danbury, Conn: Grolier, 2008.

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Ivy, Bill. Monarch butterfly. [Toronto]: Grolier, 1986.

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Muir, Paddy. Monarch. Ottawa, Ont: Canadian Wildlife Service, 2003.

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Gibbs, George W. The monarch butterfly. Auckland: Reed Pub., 1994.

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Josephson, Judith Pinkerton. The monarch butterfly. Mankato, MN, U.S.A: Crestwood House, 1988.

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ill, Rodgers Caroline 1946, ed. The Monarch butterfly. Pacific Grove, CA: Boxwood Press, 1985.

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Waters, Kate. Monarch butterflies. New York: Scholastic Inc., 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Monarch butterfly"

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Singh, Pushpendra, Nand K. Meena, Jin Yang, and Adam Slowik. "Monarch Butterfly Optimization." In Swarm Intelligence Algorithms, 249–63. First edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor and Francis, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429422614-19.

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Xie, Liwen, and Gai-Ge Wang. "Monarch Butterfly Optimization." In Handbook of AI-based Metaheuristics, 361–92. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003162841-19.

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Hangay, George, Susan V. Gruner, F. W. Howard, John L. Capinera, Eugene J. Gerberg, Susan E. Halbert, John B. Heppner, et al. "Monarch Butterfly, Danaus plexippus L. (Lepidoptera: Danaidae)." In Encyclopedia of Entomology, 2456–61. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6359-6_4668.

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Sears, Mark K. "Impact ofBacillus thuringiensisCorn Pollen on Monarch Butterfly Populations." In ACS Symposium Series, 48–62. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bk-2005-0892.ch005.

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Singh, Pushpendra, Nand K. Meena, and Jin Yang. "Modified Monarch Butterfly Optimization and Real-life Applications." In Swarm Intelligence Algorithms, 257–71. First edition. | Boca Raton : Taylor and Francis, 2020.: CRC Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429422607-19.

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Sharma, Bhanu, Prikshat Kumar Angra, and Tanya Rao. "Monarch butterfly optimization-assisted optimal path determination solution." In Artificial Intelligence and Information Technologies, 163–69. London: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781032700502-26.

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Wang, Gai-Ge, Guo-Sheng Hao, and Zhihua Cui. "An Enhanced Monarch Butterfly Optimization with Self-adaptive Butterfly Adjusting and Crossover Operators." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 432–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93815-8_41.

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Wang, Gai-Ge, Guo-Sheng Hao, Shi Cheng, and Quande Qin. "A Discrete Monarch Butterfly Optimization for Chinese TSP Problem." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 165–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-41000-5_16.

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Wang, Xitong, Xin Tian, and Yonggang Zhang. "A New Monarch Butterfly Optimization Algorithm with SA Strategy." In Knowledge Science, Engineering and Management, 250–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29563-9_23.

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Rath, Chouhan Kumar, Prasanti Biswal, and Shashank Sekhar Suar. "A Monarch Butterfly Optimization Approach to Dynamic Task Scheduling." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 225–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-1483-8_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Monarch butterfly"

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Ghetas, Mohamed, Chan Huah Yong, and Putra Sumari. "Harmony-based monarch butterfly optimization algorithm." In 2015 IEEE International Conference on Control System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccsce.2015.7482176.

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Blodgett, Sue. "Progress in monarch butterfly conservation in Iowa." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.115370.

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Chakrabarty, Sayan, Arijit Kumar Pal, Nilanjan Dey, Debarati Das, and Suvojit Acharjee. "Foliage area computation using Monarch Butterfly Algorithm." In 2014 1st International Conference on Non Conventional Energy (ICONCE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iconce.2014.6808740.

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Bernard, Gary D. "Butterfly color vision: spectral properties of photoreceptors and wing patterns." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.tuh1.

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Studies of butterfly mating behavior have shown that colored wing patterns provide important signals for detection and recognition of a proper mate. Butterfly retinas contain three or four spectral types of photoreceptor, but the spectral locations of peak sensitivity for the types differ greatly among the species. Relative abundance also varies greatly. The goal of this study is to relate the spectral properties of receptor systems to those of wing patterns. Spectral sensitivity functions of each spectral type of receptor are measured optophysiologically. Reflectance spectra of wing patches are measured microspectrophotometrically. Comparing color-image data with receptor data indicates which wing features provide the strongest signals. For example, butterflies of the famous Monarch/Viceroy mimicry complex look very similar to us but not to each other. Monarchs have receptors peaking at ~360, 450, and 550 nm. Viceroys, on the other hand, do not possess the 550-nm type but have instead a receptor type that peaks at only 515 nm. Thus, Viceroys are much less sensitive at long wavelengths than Monarchs. Furthermore, whitish wing spots of the two species have quite different spectra. Calculated tristimulus values indicate that these spots are important signals for species discrimination.
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Twigg, Rachel, Madhu Sridhar, Jeremy A. Pohly, Nicholas Hildebrandt, Chang-Kwon Kang, D. Brian Landrum, Kyung-Ho Roh, and Samantha Salzwedel. "Aeroelastic Characterization of Real and Artificial Monarch Butterfly Wings." In AIAA Scitech 2020 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2020-2002.

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Merlin, Christine. "Circadian clock control of the monarch butterfly seasonal migration." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.92863.

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Zhan, Shuai. "The genetics of monarch butterfly migration and warning coloration." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.95579.

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Strumberger, Ivana, Eva Tuba, Nebojsa Bacanin, Marko Beko, and Milan Tuba. "Modified Monarch Butterfly Optimization Algorithm for RFID Network Planning." In 2018 6th International Conference on Multimedia Computing and Systems (ICMCS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmcs.2018.8525930.

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Harris, Erica Vernice. "Monarch butterfly-microbe interactions and their implications for disease resistance." In 2016 International Congress of Entomology. Entomological Society of America, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1603/ice.2016.114691.

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Strumberger, Ivana, Eva Tuba, Nebojsa Bacanin, Marko Beko, and Milan Tuba. "Monarch butterfly optimization algorithm for localization in wireless sensor networks." In 2018 28th International Conference Radioelektronika (RADIOELEKTRONIKA). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/radioelek.2018.8376387.

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Reports on the topic "Monarch butterfly"

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Larkin, Jeffery L., D. J. ,. Jr McNeil, Emma Keele, Jeffery T. Larkin, Michael Akresh, and David King. Assessing eastern whip-poor-will and monarch butterfly responses to NRCS conservation programs targeting early-successional habitats in the eastern forests. Washington, D.C: Natural Resources Conservation Service, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2022.8135353.nrcs.

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Throughout the eastern deciduous forests of North America, a lack of disturbance coupled with advancing ecological succession in many regions has led to forests dominated by even-aged sawtimber with very little in the early successional stage. Monitoring of response of these target species to early successional communities created through Working Lands for Wildlife and Regional Conservation Partnership Programs have been completed. ARU-based regional monitoring protocol was used to assess whip-poor-will occupancy across various landscapes contexts, silvicultural treatments, and forest types in the Appalachian Mountain and New England regions. Researchers conducted milkweed, monarch egg, and larvae surveys simultaneously with the pollinator surveys. Preliminary results support that increasing milkweed and nectar-rich plants within alder and upland early successional communities will provide valuable resources for the monarchs and other pollinators in the northern Great Lakes.--
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Thomas, Meinzen, Diane M. Debinski, Laura A. Burkle, and Robert J. Ament. Identifying Patterns, Protecting Monarchs, and Informing Management. Idaho Transportation Department, July 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15788/1691525473.

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Pollinating insects provide vital ecosystem services and are facing global declines and habitat loss . Roadsides are increasingly regarded as important potential areas for enhancing pollinator habitat. Understanding which roadsides best support pollinators — and why — is essential to helping locate and prioritize pollinator conservation efforts across roadside networks. To support this effort, we assessed butterfly, bee, and flowering plant species richness and abundance on a set of 63 stratified randomized roadside transects in State -managed rights -of -way in SE Idaho. Our research evaluated pollinator diversity as a function of highway class (interstate, U.S., and state highways), remotely sensed NDVI values (a measure of vegetation greenness), and floral resources. We found that smaller highways and lower (less green) maximum NDVI values were associated with significantly more bee species and total bees. Roadsides bordering sagebrush habitats typically had low NDVI values and higher bee and butterfly species richness, potentially contributing to this observed pattern. Butterfly richness increased in association with higher floral abundance in roadsides. Additionally, we identified and mapped 1,363 roadside patches of milkweed (Asclepias speciosa), larval host plant for the imperiled monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus), in a survey of over 900 miles of southern Idaho highways. Based on these results and a literature review, we recommend management strategies to promote the health of pollinator populations in Idaho’s rights-of-way and provide data to help ITD prioritize areas for pollinator -friendly management practices and habitat restoration within their highway system.
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Leis, Sherry. Vegetation community monitoring trends in restored tallgrass prairie at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield: 2008–2020. National Park Service, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2293117.

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Plant community monitoring at Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield (NB) focused on the restored tallgrass prairie community. Six monitoring sites were visited four times and observations of plant species and ground cover were made. In addition to those observations, we included two environmental factors in this report—precipitation and recent fire history—to help understand the vegetation data status and trends. Precipitation data (standardized vegetation index) indicated drought conditions in 2012 and some dry periods in 2016. Although prairies are adapted to drought, we found that species richness at the site and community scales (alpha and gamma diversity) were reduced in dry years. Fire management also plays an important role in shaping the plant communities. Prescribed fire occurrence became less frequent through the monitoring period. Also, additional treatments, including herbicide and mowing, likely shaped the prairie community. Tree regeneration and nonnative plants in particular may have been affected by these techniques. The prairie plant community continues to be moderately diverse despite recent increases in tree seedlings and small saplings. Species richness varied over time and was correlated with precipitation; diversity indices (H′ and J′) were similar across monitored years. Species guilds (also known as functional groups) demonstrated differing patterns. Woody plants, long a concern at the park, were abundant and statistically similar across years. Many guilds were quite variable across the sites, but nonnative forbs declined, and nonnative grasses increased. Overstory trees and canopy cover, measured for the first time in 2020, have likely influenced the composition of one site. The composition of this site points to a shrubland-savanna community. Four of the sites tended towards shrubland rather than tallgrass prairie. The vegetation monitoring protocol experienced some changes between 2008 and 2020. A key difference was a shift from sampling twice during the field season to sampling only once in a monitoring year. An anticipated decline in species richness was observed in 2012 and 2016, but we were unable to isolate sample design as the cause. Additionally, we remedied inconsistencies in how tree regeneration was recorded by tallying seedlings and saplings in the field. Our quality assurance procedures indicated that our observer error from pseudoturnover was 20.2%, meeting our expectations. Cover class estimates agreed 73% of the time, with all disagreements within one cover class. Coordinating management actions to achieve plant community goals like structure and composition of tallgrass prairie will be critical to the survival of the prairie species at the park. Fire and nonnative plant treatments along with the reduction of woody cover including trees are needed to arrest the transition to savanna and woodland community types. Frequent prescribed fire is an integral process for this community and there is no equivalent substitute. Continued focus on management for the desired tallgrass prairie community will also provide needed habitat for imperiled pollinators such as the monarch butterfly. Best management practices for pollinators on federal lands specify that treatments (prescribed fire, mowing or haying) should not occur during the blooming season or when pollinator breeding, egg, larval or pupal stages are present.
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Struthers, Kim. Natural resource conditions at Fort Pulaski National Monument: Findings and management considerations for selected resources. National Park Service, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2300064.

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The National Park Service (NPS) Water Resources Division’s Natural Resource Condition Assessment (NRCA) Program initiated an NRCA project with Fort Pulaski National Monument (FOPU) in 2022. The purpose of an NRCA is to synthesize information related to the primary drivers and stressors affecting natural resource conditions at a park and to report conditions for natural resource topics selected by park managers. Resource conditions are evaluated as either a condition assessment or a gap analysis, depending on data availability. For FOPU’s NRCA, managers selected salt marsh, shorebirds, Eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica), and butterflies as the focal resources. FOPU is comprised of two islands in coastal Georgia, McQueens and Cockspur, which are separated by the Savannah River near its confluence with the Atlantic Ocean. Cockspur Island contains the 19th century masonry fort, Fort Pulaski, and the monument’s visitor services and facilities and is primarily constructed with dredge material from the Savannah River. McQueens Island is almost entirely salt marsh habitat and most of its area is eligible federal wilderness, containing one of Georgia’s oyster recreational harvest areas (RHAs), Oyster Creek RHA. Both McQueens and Cockspur islands are designated as a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Marine Protected Area (MPA), underscoring FOPU’s natural resource significance. Riverine, freshwater, and estuarine wetlands cover 83.81% of FOPU, with the latter accounting for almost 99% of all monument wetlands. Persistently emergent vegetation of smooth cordgrasses (Spartina spp.) and unconsolidated shore represent the dominant wetland types. McQueens Island estuarine wetlands were evaluated for 11 functions and were rated primarily as high functioning, except for the wetland north of Highway 80, where the causeway has altered its ability to function properly. The wetland west of the Highway 80 bend is composed of unconsolidated material so was rated as moderately functioning in carbon sequestration, retention of sediments, and shore stabilization. In contrast, the unconsolidated shore wetland in the Oyster Creek RHA, where the highest concentration of FOPU’s oysters occurs, were rated high for all expected wetland functions. In 2013, over 75% of the total oyster area from within four of Georgia’s RHAs was in the Oyster Creek RHA. A spectral analysis of oyster density in Oyster Creek RHA, comparing 2013 and 2018 images, reported an increase in the high-density class, a decrease in the moderate-low class, and an increase in the no oyster class, with the latter likely a function of how oyster areas were drawn between the images. A successful 2013 enhanced reef project in Oyster Creek RHA reported a pre-enhancement oyster area of 2.68 m2 (28.8 ft2) that increased to 894.2 m2 (0.22 ac) of oysters by 2018. FOPU’s extensive salt marsh habitat and beaches provide critical food sources and habitat for shorebirds in the Atlantic Flyway, especially during the pre-breeding season. The American Oystercatcher (Haematopus palliates), Whimbrel (Numenius phaeopus), and the federally threatened rufa subspecies of Red Knot (Calidris canutus rufa) are identified as high priority species in the flyway and have been observed on Cockspur Island during the Manomet International Shorebird Surveys (2019–2022) at FOPU. The USFWS (2023) is seeking additional critical habitat designation, which will include Cockspur Island, for the rufa subspecies of Red Knot, whose estimated population abundance trend is declining throughout its entire range. FOPU’s non-wetland, upland habitat is primarily located on Cockspur Island and supports vegetation that can serve as host, roost and/or nectar plants for pollinators, especially butterflies. Cedar–Live Oak–Cabbage Palmetto (Juniperus virginiana var. silicicola–Q. virginiana–Sabal palmetto) Marsh Hammock and Cabbage Palmetto Woodland contain the most diversity of beneficial butterfly plants. While a comprehensive butterfly inventory is needed, fall migration surveys have recorded three target species of the Butterflies of the Atlantic Flyway (BAFA): monarch (Danaus plexippus), gulf fritillary (Agraulis vanillae), and cloudless sulphur (Phoebis sennae). Collectively, FOPU’s natural resources are affected by the sea level, which has risen by 0.35 m (1.15 ft) from 1935 to 2022. Hardened shorelines, such as causeways or armored structures, are identified as the greatest threat to the salt marsh habitat’s ability to migrate upland with continued sea level rise. Erosion along Cockspur Island’s north shore is an ongoing issue and FOPU managers have been working with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers to develop solutions to address the erosion, while also creating habitat for shorebirds. Several agencies routinely monitor for water and sediment pollution in and around FOPU, which, if managed collectively, can inform landscape-level management actions to address drivers that are influencing resource conditions at the ecosystem level.
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