Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mondes possibles'
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Gandelman-Terekhov, Vera. "Echecs et mondes possibles." Limoges, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIMO2007.
Full textBenedetti, Jacopo. "Alternatives pertinentes et mondes possibles entre invariantisme et contextualisme : une perspective sceptique." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL168.
Full textOver the last forty years, a new attempt to answer to the skeptic challenge has been proposed. This attempt is based on a theory of knowledge, which is grounded on the notion of relevant alternative. My dissertation aims to show the problems of such a theory, even when formulated in terms of possible worlds, and suggests that in the end skepticism remains the best epistemological option. In the first chapter, I will offer a discussion of the issue of relevant alternatives, and I will argue in favor of the idea that perhaps there are no objective criteria to establish which are the relevant alternatives with respect to a certain given situation. In the second chapter, I will propose a critical analysis of the attempts of some philosophers to formulate their own proposals in the language of possible worlds. In particular, I will focus on the issue of the proximity degree that a certain possible world must have in order to be considered as sufficiently closed to the real world, and I will try to show that perhaps it is not possible to draw a sharp line of demarcation between those possible worlds that we can ignore and those that we must take into account in our attribution of knowledge. In the third chapter, I will critically discuss the criteria that should guide our evaluations about proximity, and I will show the problematic aspects of any rule aimed to establish which these criteria in effect should be
Gaulin, Pascale. "Quelques mondes possibles ; suivi de Dialogue avec la poésie de René Char." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ36694.pdf.
Full textMarpeau, Elsa. "Les narrations dramatiques : imagination et mondes possibles de la comédie (1629-1663)." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100114.
Full textThe narrative in the comédies during the period 1630-1660 has an exploratory function. First of all, the narratives explore the limits set by the poetics of the XVIIe century, by circumventing the impératives of unification, rules of etiquette and of plausibility. By going around the rules in this way. They introduce a discontinuity in perception. They explore the boundaries of stage intrigue, by offering the possibility of other stories or characters, that compete with the traditional endings in comedies. Through this, they equally explore the very limits of the genre by inserting sequences that are generically heterogeneous to comedies. In this manner, they compensate for the theoretical silence by confronting within the drama itself a visible comic intrigue with tragic, romanesque or epic narrative episodes. Therefore, these narratives endow the comedies with the aesthetics of the counterpoint (theoretical, dramatic, generic)
Romagnoli, Bethonico Marina. "IMAGE-FICTION, IMAGE-ACTION. Mise en jeu de la photographie contemporaine entre théorie des mondes possibles et théorie des actes d’image." Thesis, Paris 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA030034.
Full textThis research focuses on the possibility of applying the theories of possible worlds to the visual arts. First, an introduction to this theoretical universe is presented, starting from its foundational texts, as well as its application in literary studies, to the context of the visual arts. An introduction to speech act theories is also provided, in order to arrive at the field of image acts. Through a heterogeneous corpus, composed of contemporary photographs produced by artists of various nationalities, the categories of image-fiction and image-action are developed, articulating a theory of visual possible worlds. The dynamics between the image, the artist and the viewer, triggered by these two types of images, are then analyzed through the theory of image acts. Starting from a theoretical and image-based research method founded on complex thought, we explore the idea of a transmission of "ways of worldmaking", which emerges from an active image-fiction proposing an image play. The hypothesis worked on is that the act of self-denunciation of the image-fiction allows the viewer to find trails of the image’s manipulation, initiated by the artist's "fingere". Finally, the image-fiction – produced, manipulated – enacts a simulation of a fragment of a possible world as it presents other versions for the world of phenomena, for history and individuals. In this way, it opens up paths from fiction towards action, inviting the viewer to construct new collective contexts in the present
Thiénot, Cédric. "Logique pseudo-intuitionniste." Paris 6, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA066651.
Full textAllouche, Sylvie. "Philosopher sur les possibles avec la science-fiction : l'exemple de l'homme technologiquement modifié." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010701.
Full textCavalcanti, Marcos. "Les mondes possibles dans les systemes de production : un metalangage pour la gestion d'hypotheses et le raisonnement non monotone." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA112154.
Full textVidal, Mathieu. "Conditionnels et Connexions." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0094.
Full textThe main idea of my work is to use the notion of connection to explain our understanding of the conditional sentences. These sentences, with the general form « If A, B », are considered as a basic block of formal logic but no agreement is actually achieved concerning a correct analysis of their employ in the natural language. First, I use the concept of connection and some linguistic and psychological considerations to obtain a classification of the conditionals in several types with their own logical properties. Starting from this classification, I obtain the following types of conditionals: inferential, necessary, biconditional, weak, concessive and epistemic. Each receives its own semantics. Inferential, necessary, biconditionals and weak conditionals receive also a proof theory, supplied by soundness, completeness and decidability proofs. The approach developed here is new as it allows obtaining singular systems whose predictions are correct relatively to the inferences effectively used in the natural language. This analysis is developed along other lines. The first models the beliefs of the speaker. It allows to give an account of the difference between indicative conditionals and counterfactuals. The second line uses the dynamical aspect of the discourse to offer a design for the embedded conditionals. The last line is a strengthening of the notion of connection, which allows to obtain some connexive logic and to model the denegation of conditionals
Méry, Daniel. "Preuves et sémantiques dans des logiques de ressources." Nancy 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NAN10160.
Full textResource-aware logics are powerful tools for specifying properties. In the context of a mathematical theory of resources, we build proof-search methods which capture the dynamic interactions between resources by means of labels and constraints. We present the BI-logic which, due to its resource-sharing interpretation, appears as the logical kernel of a wide range of resource logics. We develop tableau-based and connection-based proof-search methods, with counter-model generation facilities, for the consistent fragment of BI. We extend our proof methods to the whole fragment of propositional BI, showing that it is decidable and has the finite model property. We propose new complete semantics for BI and specialize ou methods to intuitionistic logic and intuitionistic multiplicative linear logic. We study the affine and boolean variants of BI and their links with the pointer logic
Saint-Germier, Pierre. "Les arguments de concevabilité." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL0994.
Full textConceivability arguments are philosophical arguments which rely crucially on the principle according to which conceivability entails possibility. This dissertation provides an analysis and a critical assessment of this kind of argumentative strategy, on the basis of contemporary and historical examples. Various possible explanations of the notion of conceivability are considered and it is argued that the inference from conceivability to possibility does not enable conceivability arguments to reach all their intended conclusions, especially those pertaining to substantial metaphysical issues
Arias, Martín. "Représentation, monde fictionnel et obscénité dans la littérature d'Osvaldo Lamborghini." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080032.
Full textThe works of Osvaldo Lamborghini (Buenos Aires 1940- Barcelona 1985) present a curious paradox. On the one hand, his literature has been defined by critics as the products of an abstractionist artist close to the avant-Gardes of the 20th century. On the other hand, his texts develop radical forms of representation, related mainly with sex and violence in a political context. Instead of isolating one aspect of this paradox, this thesis explores the interaction between both poles. Thus, Lamborghini’s second book —Sebregondi retrocede (1973)— is analysed as a two-Pronged device in which a “centre”, where representational possibilities are exhausted, is in connection with a “marginal” zone. In this margin, what remains of language once its representational possibilities have been exhausted is accumulated. This device works according to a rhetorical model —that of hypotyposis— and rests upon a conception of language as negativity. In Lamborghini’s novel Tadeys (1983), his most ambitious narrative work, representation takes the form of fictional world construction, i.e., the construction of a semantic macrostructure where stories may take place. In Lamborghini’s last project, the Teatro proletario de cámara (1982-1985), which combines writing, photography, and drawing, representation takes a more radical shape, that of pornography. The presence in this work —whose form is that of an archive— of pornographic images (and also a few of Argentinean politicians) raises challenging questions about the relations between photography, politics and literature. These questions are tackled from the point of view of Dominique Maingueneau’s theory of pornographic discourse
Aslanian, Crystal. "Ondes Ren@rdes, SF radiophonique et artefacts de recherche-création chez r∆∆dio c∆∆rgo et leurs ami·es." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Gustave Eiffel, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025UEFL2012.
Full textThis creative research thesis is based on the creative work carried out by r∆∆dio c∆∆rgo, a collective of radio creation, around the notion of the radio platform, understood as a science fiction device in the sense given by Donna Haraway, that is, a space of research-creation where Feminist Speculation, Scientific Facts (Science Fact, Science Fiction), and String Figures intertwine. This approach constitutes a collective practice that produces not only an exchange and circulation of interdisciplinary thought but also maps its own process. The thesis aims to demonstrate that the radio studio as we know it today—with its microphones, headsets, hosts who invite guests, and its technical apparatus that channels speech and sounds for the purpose of production aimed at an audience—can be approached in other ways and for other purposes.The thesis is constructed in a polyphonic manner, unfolding in two overlapping temporalities. First, through reports on artistic experiments conducted between 2017 and 2021, in which collectives live and experiment with the object of study, and where the writing adopts a particular style—a self-reflexive journal that reflects on the relationships between the participants and with the devices. In parallel, a theoretical part, written in a scientific style, observes the object of study—the radio platform—with enough distance to produce theoretical thought. This theoretical section proposes an approach to the radio platform as a device for artistic, scientific, and political research-creation, but also as a relational space for aural and emancipatory creation. The polyphonic writing thus allows for friction between artistic speculation and scientific writing, to bring forth, in the in-between, a research-creation methodology. A third voice will gradually emerge to manifest a theory-practice through the methodology. In constructing this thesis, it was necessary to weave together at least three methodological approaches. The research begins with Donna Haraway’s concept of SF (science fiction/speculative fabulation), drawing from the work of Isabelle Stengers and Didier Debaise on speculative gestures, which examine how theory can move into practice. This shift from theory to practice, through the multi-string arc offered by the concept of SF, becomes necessary when there are not yet enough scientific facts to formulate a hypothesis, requiring practice to make the object of study manifest. The other two approaches are outlined in the summarized plan.Thus, this research begins with the following speculation:What if the radio platform was a witch’s device, enabling the drawing of the circle, in the sense given by Isabelle Stengers—namely, a temporarily enclosed space that allows [eco-feminist witches] to reclaim the powers they need ?
Cristofari, Cécile. "Cosmogonies imaginaires : les mondes secondaires dans la science-fiction et la fantasy anglophones, de 1929 à nos jours." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3030.
Full textI endeavoured to study a phenomenon underlying contemporary speculative fiction (science fiction and fantasy): the creation of a ‘secondary world', to use J.R.R. Tolkien's phrasing. I had to solve two preliminary problems. First, the cultural and economic phenomenon that speculative fiction represents has a blurry outline, questions regarding genre delimitation and wider cultural problems (is speculative fiction defined only by a number of literary patterns, or by the whole cultural apparatus that goes with it?) being difficult to answer. Secondly, does the notion secondary worlds only apply to invented worlds that are entirely different or detached from the real world, or can it be applied to texts that take place at least partly in the real world, etc.? Speculative fiction being a diverse genre that has been steadily evolving for years, I have chosen to avoid giving definitive answers to those questions. Instead of looking for boundaries, I have tried to emphasise the various building blocks of secondary worlds in speculative fiction: the traditions of the genre authors rely on to convey their view of an original universe to their readers, in a dialogue between known elements used as a foundation and the idiosyncratic view of history, geography and the place of mankind in the particular secondary world developed by the author. In an attempt to open this study to the contemporary practice of world-building, I have concluded with the questions that speculative fiction authors face today: how to renew the tropes of the genre, how speculative fiction pervades other media, in particular the practices of fans
Arias, Martín. "Représentation, monde fictionnel et obscénité dans la littérature d'Osvaldo Lamborghini." Thesis, Paris 8, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA080032.
Full textThe works of Osvaldo Lamborghini (Buenos Aires 1940- Barcelona 1985) present a curious paradox. On the one hand, his literature has been defined by critics as the products of an abstractionist artist close to the avant-Gardes of the 20th century. On the other hand, his texts develop radical forms of representation, related mainly with sex and violence in a political context. Instead of isolating one aspect of this paradox, this thesis explores the interaction between both poles. Thus, Lamborghini’s second book —Sebregondi retrocede (1973)— is analysed as a two-Pronged device in which a “centre”, where representational possibilities are exhausted, is in connection with a “marginal” zone. In this margin, what remains of language once its representational possibilities have been exhausted is accumulated. This device works according to a rhetorical model —that of hypotyposis— and rests upon a conception of language as negativity. In Lamborghini’s novel Tadeys (1983), his most ambitious narrative work, representation takes the form of fictional world construction, i.e., the construction of a semantic macrostructure where stories may take place. In Lamborghini’s last project, the Teatro proletario de cámara (1982-1985), which combines writing, photography, and drawing, representation takes a more radical shape, that of pornography. The presence in this work —whose form is that of an archive— of pornographic images (and also a few of Argentinean politicians) raises challenging questions about the relations between photography, politics and literature. These questions are tackled from the point of view of Dominique Maingueneau’s theory of pornographic discourse
Girard, Lyne. "Les mondes possibles du Nom de la rose / : mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en études littéraires par Lyne Girard." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 2004. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBibliogr.: f. [111]-112. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Piedade, Nicolas. "Fictions ventriloques : mise en abyme et narrations subjectives dans le roman moderniste européen." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Limoges, 2023. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/3c706b9e-ca59-4015-b434-c8bcc5f50dde/blobholder:0/2023LIMO0014.pdf.
Full textThis work of comparative literature explores the profusion of novelistic forms based on the representation of embedded writer characters during the modernist period. This structure of fictionalized literary enunciation is employed on a large scale by authors of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in Western Europe. We recognise these occurrences as “ventriloquial fictions”, following Max Saunders’s work. Our hypothesis considers this specific kind of narration as a particularly active paradigm of the modernist formal revival. It allows the writers to deconstruct narrative mediation devices, and to set up reflexive matrices for a renewal of the representation of subjectivity. Our comparative study of the subject is set through a novelistic corpus from five different linguistic areas (France, England, Spain, Portugal and Italy), gathered around the period which is described as “Early Modernism” by the English-language critical tradition. This body of texts is composed of Luigi Pirandello’s Il fu Mattia Pascal (1904), Alfred Jarry’s Gestes et opinions du docteur Faustroll, pataphysicien (1911), Mário de Sá-Carneiro’s A confissão de Lúcio (1914), Miguel de Unamuno’s Niebla (1914) and Ford Madox Ford’s The Good Soldier (1915). The first stage of our study is diachronic. It makes use of literary history in order to draw the ways of sedimentation of fictional biographical writing within European literature. We then apply a narratological approach for enlightening the issue. It allows to define, in a synchronic way, the mechanisms used for the constitution of the modernist ventriloquial reflexivity. The third and last part of this work offers to outline concrete elements of novelistic poetics through three scales of analysis, articulated around the possible worlds theories. The ventriloquial fictions thus appear as an exemplary modality of the modernist renegotiation of the hermeneutic categories at the beginning of the twentieth century
Anfray, Jean-Pascal. "Temps, prescience et contingence : Leibniz et ses antécédents scolastiques." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040185.
Full textThis work deals with three related philosophical problems : logical fatalism, the dilemma of divine foreknowledge and human freedom, and the ground of providence. These questions are handled through the analysis of Leibniz and some of his precursors, most notably the Jesuits. We insist on Leibniz's twofold attitude – of both continuity and rupture – toward the scholastic tradition. In the light of these general questions, other concepts, like the interpretation of modalities, the nature of time and its relation to eternity, etc. We adopt an analytical method according to which the rational reconstruction of arguments is preferred to the presentation of philosophical systems. From an historical point of view, this work tries to account for the way perennial philosophical topics found their birth place in theologically orientated discussions. This is especially clear in the case of an understanding of counterfactuals and the device of possible worlds in modal theory: both topics receive an original treatment in the context of the theory of Middle knowledge
Broccardo, Laura. "Défaire l'histoire, refaire l'histoire : l’écriture des possibles dans l’œuvre de Germaine de Staël (1785-1818)." Thesis, Université de Paris (2019-....), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UNIP7174.
Full textThe concept of possible, coming from philosophy and the what if history, is a key to read and interpret Germaine de Staël’s writings. As she perceives the reality through the lens of potentiality (what is, what is not, what might have been, what should have been), her writings waver between two tendencies, regrets and complaints on one hand, a strong determination to make things come true on the other hand. This dissertation tries to demonstrate how her writing is shaped by the will of manifesting the possible lying inside the texts. The possible takes different forms within her work: it can be subordinate propositions (the what if type), counterfactual scenarios, etc. Writing what is possible is a poetic principle for Germaine de Staël but also a requirement: she has to do it according to her moral convictions. Rewriting History enables her to express social and political opinions. First it enables her to reflect on the woman condition (why women’s lives are doomed), but also, on a political level, to evaluate how the French Revolution ran out of control, the responsibilities of men, of politics who were in charge at the time, what they should have done, etc. Her writing of the possible is a political act to change what should be changed in the world and a tribute to Freedom
Vinçon, Denys Florian. "La structure du contenu iconique : le cas des images impossibles." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0054.
Full textIn this dissertation we develop an analysis of impossible pictures, i. E. Pictures whose content is supposed to be "impossible" in some sense. This study is a systematic analysis of this class of pictures, which has so far been discussed only sporadically in different domains of inquiry the aim of this analysis is to illuminate the nature of impossible pictures in a way that will allow us to grasp 1) the exact sense in which the content of such pictures is impossible, 2) the mechanism behind the impression of impossibility that such pictures normally generate, and 3) the way in which impossible pictures differ from other pictures. The aspiration is to provide reasons that justify the pre-theoretic inclusion of the relevant designs in the class of objects we call pictures. We argue that the notion of impossibility that attaches to impossible pictures is just a geometrical (specifically, euclidean) inconsistency, which may correspond to a physical impossibility in any case, our position is that this geometrical-impossibility may be a metaphysical possibility. The perception-interpretation of (geometrical) inconsistencies is then explained as a function of the architecture of the visual system, which embeds two different geometries - a non euclidean and a quasi-euclidean - at different parts of the process of computation of 3D structures from 2D data but does not have a mechanism to prevent conflicts between them: this is so to the extent that the primary non-euclidean part (which produces a 2. 5 sketch) is relatively encapsulated from the rest of the process of computation of 3D shape, which, by evolution, is constrained by quasi-euclidean expectations
Burcea, Horatiu. "Les fins du voyage : espace, rhétorique et identité chez Peter Fleming." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040172.
Full textThe ends of travel in Peter Fleming’s works are seen as declines, lines of rupture, outcomes, driving principles and goals. Three paths are explored to understand these ends. The first postulates an anaesthetic intention on the part of the author: the purpose of denying his aesthetic experience and at the same time of seeking extreme sensation as an anesthetic, as palliation, reproduction and transfer of traumatic experience. The second focuses on his use of rhetorical art to reproduce and, at the same time, to play with the conventions and expectations of the reader. His use of reverse psychology allows the creation of a broad spectrum of interpretations and the projection of his identity in a protean manner. Finally, the third aims at analyzing the dunamic aspects of his narratives – a neologism referring to the sphere of potentiality. This model allows the literary and anthropological analysis of the potential alternatives contemplated, suggested and narrated by the author, one that is meant to complement the study of his actual itineraries and discourses. Authorial identity is defined in this context as an intermediate, trans-world and heterotopic space which lies between what is and everything that could be
Martín, Santamaría Enrique. "Cartografías imposibles. Las ciudades imaginarias de Mario Levrero." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL085.
Full textProjected cities in literature have been proven to be ideal spaces to understand the tensions of our time. By representing the social contradictions produced by the economy, the unequal access to power or the coexistence between different cultural groups, they allow us to reflect on the complex characteristics of a world in permanent transformation. The main objective of this thesis is to analyze the literary cities of Mario Levrero as narrative devices with which to observe the coming to an end of certain political, social and cultural projects of the twentieth century in the face the emergence of a model that tends towards the dissolution of the regional in the global. This work is based on a theoretical assumption that can be summarized as follows: the greater the complexity of our political and economic system, the greater the difficulty in imagining and representing the reality we are a part of. This is particularly clear in the urban representations of Levrero, which symbolize the sense of disorientation that distinguishes the postmodern subject before the failure of every attempt to map any aspect of contemporary reality. This allows us to analyze the political significance of these representations: they entail, on the one hand, a diagnosis of hopelessness for the present and, on the other, an outlook of failure for the future. The cities of Levrero function as backgrounds for the collapse of a known world and the emergence of a brand new one with characters that lack any tools for its interpretation
Ianakiev, Youri. "Le roman "L'île du jour d'avant" dans l'univers scientifique et littéraire d'Umberto Eco : voyage sémiotique vers "L'île du jour d'avant" d'Umberto Eco." Pau, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PAUU1001.
Full textWhen contextualising the dialectic confrontation of the semiotic theory with the literary creations of Umberto Eco, one can proceed to analyse the novel "The Island of the Day Befor" in its entirety, considered here as a homogenous corpus of reference over which one can make use of the interpretive techniques of the Italian academician. After a detailed examination of paratextuel elements of the work, further study has been made of the schematic model of the fabula states in the form of macro-propositions, which enables consecutive observation of connections between the structures of the fabula and the plot, as well as the fictional possible worlds of the characters and of the reader. This procedure of disambiguization consists of accomplishing these intertextual scenario inferences have proved that the narrative organisation of the novel is centred essentially on the motive of the journey of which the extremely complex and various forms resurface in several sections of the fabula. The reconsideration of the syntactic structure of the novel as a complex narrative programme composed of numerous narrative programmes (PN) inter-defined by their disposition of the actant process, allows one to support that the PN usage of the PN base (the “diary” and the “letters” of Roberto) correspond to the forms of the dynamic journey reused and reformulated in the PN usage of the PN annex (the “novel” and the “dreams” of Roberto), indicated as static forms of the journey. It can also be argued that the fabula ends through the fusion between the forms of the PN base and PN annex, expressed by the decision of Roberto to enter his own novel in the hope that he will join Lilia on the Island
QUEIROZ, GLORIA MARIA VARGAS DE. "FÓRUM SOCIAL MONDIAL: CONCEPTIONS SUR UN AUTRE MONDE EST POSSIBLE." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4112@1.
Full textLes conceptions discutées dans le cadre du Forum Social Mondial sur un autre monde est possible, cest-à-dire, sur les possibilites de construction dune autre globalisation, centrée sur lêtre humain et non sur la marchandise constituent lobjet de cette recherche pour laquelle nous avons utilisé, dune part, le concept de champ emprunté à Bourdieu comme instrument théorique et méthodologique et dautre part, la production théorique sur les dimensions économiques, politiques et sociales qui caractérisent les transformations qui se sont avérées pendant les dernières décénies. Le matériel qui a servi comme base empirique à la recherche correspond à trente cinq textes extraits de lensemble des communications présentées dans les seize conférences données dans le cadre des activités du FSM, qui ont eu lieu à Porto Ale gre en 2001, lesquels ont fait lobjet dune analyse de contenu dans le but didentifier les stratégies et les processus sociaux, cest-àdire, les voies de transition conçues par les différents acteurs et mouvements internationaux rassemblés pour lévénement. Les résultats de lanalyse indiquent que les lignes de démarcation entre les différents points de vue, élaborations et perspectives de construction dune autre ou dautres formes sociétales sont polarisées par des conceptions régulatrices et non régulatrices dans ce qui a trait aux stratégies de transformation sociale, quant aux mécanismes et processus sociaux qui seront privilegiés dans sa construction.
As concepções que circulam no interior do Fórum Social Mundial acerca de um outro mundo possível, isto é, acerca das possibilidades de construção de uma outra globalização, centrada no ser humano e não na mercadoria, constituem o objeto da presente pesquisa, para a qual foi utilizou-se o conceito de campo de Bourdieu como instrumento teórico-metodológico e a produção teórica voltada à interpretação das dimensões econômicas, políticas e sociais que caracterizam as transformações das últimas décadas. O material que serviu de base empírica para a pesquisa corresponde a 35 textos extraídos do conjunto de comunicações apresentadas nas 16 conferências que ordenaram as atividades do FSM realizado em Porto Alegre em 2001, os quais foram submetidos à análise de conteúdo, visando à identificação das estratégias e processos sociais, ou seja, das vias de transição concebidas pelos diferentes atores e movimentos internacionais que convergem para esse evento. Os resultados da análise indicam que as linhas de demarcação entre as diferentes análises, elaborações e perspectivas de construção de outra ou de outras formas societárias estão polarizadas por concepções regulatórias e não-regulatórias, tanto no que se refere às estratégias de transformação social, quanto aos mecanismos e processos sociais a serem privilegiados na sua construção.
Barbu, Andra. "La mort et son cadavre : qu'en dit la littérature ? Lectures du corps mort dans des cuentos hispano-américains contemporains." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR113.
Full textThis work explores the dead body as it is represented in a number of contemporary Latin American cuentos in order to establish a typology of the different reactions of human beings in general when faced with death. I suggest that literature reproduces a limited number of universal behaviours in this situation and thus it gives readers a fairly reliable inventory of the attitudes that they, like the characters, are likely to adopt.The corpse as a protagonist of the short stories discussed here has been selected because it is the only concrete and palpable image of death and that, by its repulsive appearance, it represents a terrible source of fear which conditions and alters any intention of peacefully trying to come to terms with it. The theoretical framework of the literary possible worlds whereby fiction is seen as a potential experience, and the formal characteristics of the cuento, such as its reduced, self-contained nature, allow the text to be read as a funerary space where all these fictional dead bodies lie. The reader is thus brought into close contact to the dying/dead, cold, putrid, stinking, dismembered or embalmed body and the literary experiences he/she goes through help him/her to come to grips with the frightening reality of death
Bréan, Simon. "La science-fiction en France de la Seconde Guerre mondiale à la fin des années soixante-dix." Thesis, Paris 4, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA040125.
Full textAfter the Second World War in France, science fiction literature took the form of an isolated subaltern field within the literary field, featuring specific publishing series, critics and readership. In science fiction novels, fictional worlds are created by mixing conventional reality and alternate states of reality, a process I call “régime ontologique matérialiste spéculatif” (“speculative materialistic ontological status”). I have studied French science fiction novels first from a historical perspective, by describing the protagonists, the publishers and the themes of French science fiction, as well as by assessing how and to what end French science fiction writers wrote their novels. I have then studied these novels at several levels: how words and texts are shaped in science fiction, how fictional worlds are extrapolated from the real world and how science fiction texts generate a collective memory, which I call the “macrotext” of science fiction. Our thesis contributes to literary history by studying how the perception of science fiction gradually changes over time, each main paradigm morphing into a new one as writers adapt science fiction images and ideas to their needs. I have also pointed out how science fiction novels may prove of a keen interest to narrative discourse analysis, fiction theory and intertextuality approach, because of various devices meant to allow science fiction worlds to compete with reality
Le, Theule Marie-Astrid. "COMPTABILITE ET CONTROLE DANS LES ORGANISATIONS CREATIVES : UNE GESTION DES POSSIBLES ?" Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00473251.
Full textVittorini, Valerio. "L'image du monde arabe dans la littérature française et italienne du XIXe siècle : analogies, différences, possibles influences." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2013/document.
Full textThe conception of the Arab society, still so predominant with the public opinion, even with the most cultured one, be it Italian French or in winder terms European, originates from stereotype. The reactions to the latest "Arab springs" are a clear evidence. The belief arose in the XIX century and not in more ancient times as most people believe and think. Before that time, stating from the Middle Age, both Italian and somehow French literary production gave diverse pictures of the Arab society, which are very different from the current ones. Up to the XIX century this conception was not drastic and the Arab word was considered to be a legitimate and usual part of the Mediterranean civilization you could have strong conflicts with, but at the same time also business, political, economic and cultural relations. In the XIX century this belief totally changes and the Arab world seems to be an uncivilized society whose only opportunity is the European colonization. This opinion was born in France and Italy when the imperialist politics started and it finished in the second half of the century, after the union of Italy
Bréan, Simon. "La science-fiction en France de la Seconde Guerre mondiale à la fin des années soixante-dix." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 4, 2010. https://www.numeriquepremium.com/content/books/9782840508502.
Full textAfter the Second World War in France, science fiction literature took the form of an isolated subaltern field within the literary field, featuring specific publishing series, critics and readership. In science fiction novels, fictional worlds are created by mixing conventional reality and alternate states of reality, a process I call “régime ontologique matérialiste spéculatif” (“speculative materialistic ontological status”). I have studied French science fiction novels first from a historical perspective, by describing the protagonists, the publishers and the themes of French science fiction, as well as by assessing how and to what end French science fiction writers wrote their novels. I have then studied these novels at several levels: how words and texts are shaped in science fiction, how fictional worlds are extrapolated from the real world and how science fiction texts generate a collective memory, which I call the “macrotext” of science fiction. Our thesis contributes to literary history by studying how the perception of science fiction gradually changes over time, each main paradigm morphing into a new one as writers adapt science fiction images and ideas to their needs. I have also pointed out how science fiction novels may prove of a keen interest to narrative discourse analysis, fiction theory and intertextuality approach, because of various devices meant to allow science fiction worlds to compete with reality
Bousnina, Fatma Ezzahra. "Modeling and Querying Evidential Databases." Thesis, Chasseneuil-du-Poitou, Ecole nationale supérieure de mécanique et d'aérotechnique, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019ESMA0007/document.
Full textThe theory of belief functions (a.k.a, the Evidence Theory) offers powerful tools to mode! and handle imperfect pieces of information. Thus, it provides an adequate framework able to represent conjointly uncertainty, imprecision and ignorance. In this context, data are stored in a specific database model called evidential databases. An evidential database includes two levels of uncertainty: (i) the attribute level uncertainty expressed via some degrees of truthfulness about the hypotheses in attributes; (ii) the tuple level uncertainty expressed through an interval of confidence about the existenceof the tuple in the table. An evidential database itself can be modeled in two forms:(i) the compact form represented as a set of attributes and a set of tuples; (ii) the possible worlds' form represented as a set of candidate databases where each candidate is a possible representation of the imperfect compact database. Querying the possible worlds' form is a fundamental step in order to check the querying methods over the compact one. In fact, a model is said to be a strong representation system when results of querying its compact form are equivalent to results of querying its non compact form.This thesis focuses on foundations of evidential databases in both modeling and querying. The main contributions are summarized as follows:(i) Modeling and querying the compact evidential database (EDB): We implement the compact evidential database (EDB) using the object-relational design which allows to introduce the querying of the database model under relational operators. We also propose the formalism, the algorithms and the experiments of other typesof queries: the evidential top-k and the evidential skyline that we apply over a real dataset extracted from TripAdvisor.(ii) Modeling the possible worlds' form of (EDB): We model the possible worlds' form of the evidential database (EDB) by treating both levels of uncertainty (the tuple leve! and the attribute level).(iii) Modeling and querying the evidential conditional database (ECD): After provingt hat the evidential database (EDB) is not a strong representation system, we develop a new evidential conditional database model named (ECD). Thus, we present the formalism of querying the compact and the possible worlds' forms of the (ECD) to evaluate the querying methods under relational operators. Finally, we discuss the results of these querying methods and the specificities of the (ECD)model
Bausch, Julie-Suzanne. "La mort du monde comme conséquence possible de la mort de Dieu et de la mort de l'homme." Paris 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA040200.
Full textWe analyzed Nietzsche’s conception of the death of god. The atheist "of rigor" (Valadier) detected in this phenomenon different nihilisms (reactive, negative, passive, active). The "logic of death" gave us the possibility of thinking the "death of man", discovered by the structuralism of Foucault. Then the same logic brought us to the threat of the "death of the world", world already dead as a creation et near to agony as a world seen as an object. The conclusion of the work is founded on Nietzsche’s anti-nihilism and on a philosophy of life, which is seen as an essentially "sacred" phenomenon
Graf, Kathrin. "La médiation : une approche constructive à la hauteur des conflits de notre temps : un pont possible entre la justice et la paix dans un monde pluraliste." Thesis, Paris 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA020052/document.
Full textThis work aims to provide a multidisciplinary approach - historical, socio-political, economic, and psychological - to understand the general interest of constructive conflict management, and in particular the opportunities related to the method of mediation. The thesis reflects the path taken - from deconstruction to reconstruction of the subject - beginning with a theoretical analysis (origins, specificities, differences with other methods, values and principles) and considering the individual and collective phenomena inherent to each conflict and its management (levels of conflict, management dimensions, individual psychological foundations, opportunities of integrative bargaining, but also the limits and risks associated with the method of mediation). The present work also takes into account the personal evolution of the researcher, her practice as a mediator, exchanges with other professionals on this behalf and her personal findings of feasibility (practical advice, logistical organization, concrete tools for the various phases, and the restitution of the key steps of a practical case). Key words : active listening, alternative dispute resolution, arbitrary, communication facilitation, conciliation, confidentiality, consensus, constructive and effective conflict management, creative problem-solving, decision science, dialogue, empathy training, empowerment, Harvard negotiation model, impartiality, integrative bargaining, looping, mediative solutions, moderation, negotiation, “pareto optimal” solutions, peacemaking, process management, reconciliation, reframing, settlements, supervision, therapy, understanding, zone of possible agreements
Adouhane, Yamina. "Une critique aš‘arite post-rušdienne de la cosmologie d’Avicenne : traduction et commentaire de la Quintessence des Intellects d’Abū al-Haǧǧāǧ al-Miklātī (m.1229)." Thesis, Paris, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSU0048/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is composed of a commentary and a full translation of a polemic work entitled The Quintessence of the intellects in response to philosophers on the science of principles (Lubāb al-‘uqūl fī al-radd ‘alā al-falāsifa fī ‘ilm al-uṣūl). The author, Abū al-Ḥaǧǧāǧ al-Miklātī, is an Aš‘arite theologian of the second half of the XIIth century, first third of the XIIIth, who evolved between present-day Morocco and Muslim Andalusia. He lives at a key point in the history of the Andalusian thought: that of the condemnation of philosophy in general and Averroes’ philosophy in particular. Through the various uses he makes of Averroes’ works, al-Miklātī is a rare witness of both the reception of the former by his own co-religionists and of the kind of theologians whom he must have been confronting. However, the main target of al-Miklātī’s refutation is not Averroes but Avicenna, who is at the time the incarnation of falsafa. In this sense, al-Miklātī is a true heir of post-Avicennian Aš‘arism and the influence of al-Ğuwaynī, al-Ġazālī and al-Šahrastānī is undeniable. To accomplish his refutation, he does not hesitate to use Averroes, another great critique – though for opposite reasons – of the Persian philosopher. He quotes the presentation of the Avicennian system he finds in Averroes’ treatise On the First Mover, which is lost today, thus offering us two crucial passages for the understanding of the controversy that opposed Averroes to Avicenna on the proof of God’s existence
Boucher, Jean-Philippe. "Fondements métaphysiques des probabilités leibniziennes par le degré de perfection des mondes possibles." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20219.
Full textChartrand, Roxanne. "Parcours exploratoire et virtualités : une théorie des mondes possibles vidéoludiques." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23600.
Full textThis master’s thesis mobilizes the possible worlds theoretical framework in order to develop the core notions of a videoludic possible worlds theory which would account for the medium’s artifactuality, interactivity and ludicity. The first chapter offers an overview of possible worlds theory both in the philosophical and literary traditions, thus defining the notions of alternative (or historical) worlds and fictional worlds. The second chapter is centered around the notion of videogame worlds: we will both define videoludic worlds and examine the mechanisms through which the player can interact with it. The third chapter is dedicated to these ontological states in which the main components of the videogame worlds exist, as well as on their impact on the relationship between the player and the system. We end this third chapter by defining the notion of a player’s “exploratory journey”, that is, all of the necessary, possible and virtual elements as they have manifested themselves throughout her gaming experience. The player’s exploratory journey, thus, represents a state of the videoludic world as it was actualized by a specific player.
Benelli, Elena. "Alla ricerca di ospitalità : mondi impossibili nella narrativa italiana contemporanea." Thèse, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18014.
Full textFurst, Renata C. "Prophecy as a narrative world : a study of the world-constructing conventions and narrative techniques in Hosea 1-3." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14476.
Full textde, Maisonneuve Laurent. "Fantasme d'immersion dans les poétiques de construction de mondes : complétude et canonicité, de Tolkien aux univers partagés." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24197.
Full textStarting from Erich Auerbach's interpretation of the Homeric epic, this master's dissertation studies the notion of fictional immersion, not in its psychological aspect of a contingent phenomena of human consciousness, but rather in its collective imaginary sense, as a societal myth of immediacy generating concrete aesthetic and media strategies that I investigate from the standpoint of contemporary poetics of world building. The objective is to apprehend the aesthetic repercussions of this desire for a mediation that would conceal both the real and its own mediacy, in a time where transfictionality and transmedia storytelling are becoming more and more the dominant narrative modes of our contemporary western culture. Under the conviction that immersion must be looked at as a set of cultural strategies, the first chapter unravels some theorical difficulties bounded to the term by problematizing it towards ontological questions of truth and Sartre's phenomenological stance on the imaginary. While laying a necessary theorical toolset for subsequent analyses, the second chapter examines these problems by borrowing to possible worlds modal theories a set of working concepts, which will lead to the assumption that fiction is a movement of distanciation, notably with the aide of the formal concept of ``world''. Through a reading of the tolkienian novel, the third chapter directs the desire for immersion towards an encyclopedic impulsion for completeness, embodied by textual strategies such as informational proliferation and allusion to virtual diegetic data -- strategies leaving an impression of the actual that I describe as extra-narrative in contrast to Aristote's \emph{muthos} forming a teological causal chain based on a principle of an unitary narrative. The fourth and final chapter, articulated around the still too little studied notion of canonicity, observes poetics of world building as they neutralize themselves, particularly with shared universes, by generating logical inconsistencies giving birth to authorial and editorial discourses stating fictional truths as a way of maintaining the mediation's immersivity. The analysis of the superhero comics genre and an inquiry of the editorial management of the Star Wars universe will exemplify the multiple modalities of this delimitation between the canon and the apocryphal. As a conclusion, I briefly come back to the notion of immersion itself by redescribing it as a competitive mediation of presence.
Girard, Lyne. "Les mondes possibles du Nom de la rose / : mémoire présenté à l'Université du Québec à Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maîtrise en études littéraires par Lyne Girard." Thèse, 2004. http://constellation.uqac.ca/675/1/18230761.pdf.
Full textFaucher, Benoît. "By indirections find directions out : thinkable worlds in Abbott and Vonnegut." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11186.
Full textCette thèse se penche sur l’interaction entre la littérature et la pensée abstraite. Plus spécifiquement, elle étudie la charge épistémologique du littéraire, le type de savoir qui est transporté par des éléments propres aux narrations fictives vers d’autres champs disciplinaires. En ce concentrant sur deux méthodes théoriques, la création d’expériences de pensée et l’établissement de mondes possibles, des méthodes qui ont été élaborées et sont toujours d’usage aujourd’hui dans des disciplines aussi variées que la logique modale, la philosophie analytique et la physique, et en suivant leur réinsertion à même la théorie littéraire, la recherche développe la postulat que les expériences de pensée et les mondes possibles sont en fait de courtes histoires narratives qui informent le savoir par des moyens littéraire. En utilisant Flatland de Abbott et The Sirens of Titan de Vonnegut, deux romans qui décrivent l’existence extra-dimensionnelle de façons radicalement différentes, un espace phénoménologiquement inconnaissable chez Abbott et une perspective extérieure au temps chez Vonnegut, il devient clair que la littérature est constitutive de la façon qu’un monde— qu’il soit fictif, réel ou autre—est construit et compris. Ainsi, les dimensions établies par des analogies extensionnelles génèrent de nouvelles directions pour la pensée, qui peut ensuite prendre part au processus inductif/déductif de la scientia. En contrastant les dimensions narratives avec la notion de dimension telle qu’elle s’est constituée historiquement, la recherche établit également que le littéraire ouvre un potentiel infini de domaines spatiotemporels abstraits, définis par leurs règles et leurs limites spécifiques, et que ces différents plis expérimentaux prennent eux-mêmes part dans un processus dimensionnel responsable pour de nouvelles formes de compréhensions. Au-delà des théories spéculatives qu’on retrouve dans l’étude de la science-fiction, où est mise de l’avant une équation entre le fictif et le réel, cette thèse examine la structure complexe de plusieurs possibilités superposées qui peuvent s’organiser autour d’ensembles compossibles plus importants, ainsi offrant une théorie de la lecture qui est à la fois non- mimétique et non-causale. En conséquence, l’investigation examine un processus dynamique par lequel la littérature est toujours reconsidérée au travers des possibilités qui sont actualisées par la lecture, alors qu’elle ne définit jamais la compréhension ultime que le lecteur ou la lectrice se fera de la structure globale du texte. Dans ce contexte, la thèse argumente qu’une histoire causale peut être créée à partir de n’importe quelle interaction avec le texte— soulignant, par exemple, la force divinatoire d’une vision du futur particulière—même si cette narration ne représente qu’une fraction du savoir potentiel contenu à l’intérieur de n’importe quel texte littéraire particulier. Ultimement, l’étude conclut en décrivant comment de nouvelles compréhensions du texte, encadrées par les conditions matérielles de leur propre espace et temps, se renouvellent sans cesse grâce à des interactions multiples, ainsi générant des analogies et des spéculations qui facilitent la création de nouveaux savoirs.
Lippiatt, Ian. "Lewis’ Theory of Counterfactuals and Essentialism." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/7078.
Full textModern logic since the end of the Second World War has undergone many developments. Two of the most interesting of these are the Kripkian Possible World Semantics and Lewis’ system of Counterfactuals. The first was developed by Saul Kripke in the 1960s and the second was developed by David Lewis in the 1970s. In some senses we can say that Lewis’ system of counterfactuals or Counter Factual Semantics (CFS) is built on top of the architecture which Kripke created with his Possible Worlds Semantics (PWS). But, what is the Kripkian Possible World Semantics itself built on? The answer it seems is very finely tuned ontology founded on the notion of possible worlds. This paper will attempt to do the following. First, attempt to draw a distinction between on the one hand conditionals and the other counterfactuals and at the same time attempt to look at some of the historical literature surrounding counterfactuals and their application in various fields like the philosophy of science. Second, recapitulate Lewis’ system of counterfactual semantics as developed primarily in Lewis’ book Counterfactuals. Finally this paper will attempt to explore the metaphysical foundations of the possible worlds account argued for by David Lewis in his conception of Modal Realism.
"Fórum social mondial: conceptions sur un autre monde est possible." Tese, MAXWELL, 2003. http://www.maxwell.lambda.ele.puc-rio.br/cgi-bin/db2www/PRG_0991.D2W/SHOW?Cont=4112:pt&Mat=&Sys=&Nr=&Fun=&CdLinPrg=pt.
Full textBédard, Pascale. "L'art dit le monde et ses possibles : une expérience dialogique entre peinture actuelle et philosophie politique." Mémoire, 2008. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/1195/1/M10426.pdf.
Full textMartins, Irene Isabel da Cruz. "Green macroalgae and seagrasses in a shallow eutrophic estuary (The Mondego Estuary, Portugal) : dynamics, controlling factors and possible evolutionary scenarios." Doctoral thesis, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/2144.
Full textO braço sul do estuário do Mondego (costa Oeste de Portugal) constitui um sub-sistema singular do sistema estuarino do rio Mondego devido ao seu regime hidrodinâmico e riqueza ecológica. Na última década, o braço sul do estuário tem sido caracterizado pelo aparecimento de acumulações significativas de macroalgas verdes, maioritariamente, pertencentes ao género Enteromorpha. Os valores mais elevados de biomassa macroalgal tendem a ocorrer durante a Primavera, na zona intertidal do braço sul. Contudo, a produção anual de Enteromorpha difere substancialmente de ano para ano. A proliferação de macroalgas verdes tem sido acompanhada por uma importante redução de outro produtor primário do braço sul do estuário do Mondego, Zostera noltii, uma macrófita com raíz que ocupa a zona intertidal associada a substratos lodosos. O objectivo geral deste trabalho foi identificar os factores que controlam o processo de eutrofização no braço sul do estuário do Mondego. De facto, a eutrofização do sistema deverá estar associada quer ao domínio de macroalgas verdes, quer ao desaparecimento de Z. noltii. De acordo com os nossos resultados, o crescimento de Enteromorpha é fortemente controlado pela hidrodinâmica do sistema, que por sua vez depende da precipitação e das necessidades de água dos campos de arroz existentes a montante. A quantidade de água doce que entra no braço sul controla a salinidade, o coeficiente de extinção da luz na coluna de água, a velocidade da corrente e os níveis N:P da coluna de água do braço sul do estuário do Mondego. É a variação destes factores que determina o crescimento e biomassa anuais de Enteromorpha no sistema. Durante períodos secos, a salinidade é mantida alta, o coeficiente de extinção da luz na coluna de água varia dentro dos valores médios, as velocidades da corrente são fracas e os níveis N:P encontram-se próximos do valor de Redfield. Estas circunstâncias favorecem o crescimento e a retenção de Enteromorpha no braço sul. Pelo contrário durante períodos chuvosos, a salinidade baixa consideravelmente enquanto, o coeficiente de extinção da luz na coluna de água e as velocidades da corrente aumentam. Os baixos valores da razão N:P sugerem ainda uma potencial limitação em fósforo para a produção primária. Nestas condições, o crescimento e biomassa de Enteromorpha são pouco significativos. O desaparecimento de Zostera noltii no braço sul do estuário poderá estar associado simultaneamente à competição com macroalgas, à toxicidade por azoto e à destruição da planta associada à apanha de macroinvertebrados. Ecologicamente, o domínio do braço sul do estuário do Mondego por macroalgas verdes deverá traduzir-se, a médio prazo, no empobrecimento e numa maior instabilidade do sistema.
Tugault-Lafleur, Jeanne. "Analyse comparative des conceptions de l’enfant et des institutions de l’adoption dans le monde arabo-musulman et en Occident : une réconciliation est-elle possible?" Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5230.
Full textThis thesis examines adoption law in comparative perspectives between Arab-Muslim, French and Quebec legal systems. First is reviewed the position of children within Islamic law: from a child’s legal status within the traditional Muslim family, to its aggregate statutory rights within Shari’a law. This overview subsequently allows for a discourse on the ban to adopt in the Qu’ran, and the alternatives developed around this thorny issue, notably the idea of “guardianship” or “kafala”. Specifically, the Kafala is reviewed with regards to international public policy and vis-à-vis four different legislative contexts: Morocco, Tunisia, Algeria and Lebanon. Secondly, the issue is then judged from a Western perspective; discussing hitherto the problems surrounding the application of Muslim law on personal statutory rights in France, and on personal statutory rights in Quebec. Finally, this thesis considers how the latter two societies have welcomed the concept of Kafala within their respective legal systems.