Relevant bibliographies by topics / Monetary convention

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Monetary convention'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Monetary convention"

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de Melo Modenesi, André, Rui Lyrio Modenesi, José Luis Oreiro, and Norberto Montani Martins. "Convention, interest rates and monetary policy: a post-Keynesian–French-conventions-school approach." European Journal of Economics and Economic Policies: Intervention 10, no. 1 (2013): 76–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ejeep.2013.01.07.

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Balachandren, G. "Towards a ‘Hindoo Marriage’. Anglo-Indian Monetary Relations in Interwar India, 1917–35." Modern Asian Studies 28, no. 3 (July 1994): 615–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00011884.

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A puzzling feature of interwar Anglo-Indian economic relations is the contrast between Whitehall's relatively hands-off attitude to Indian tariff policies, and its insistent hands-on approach to monetary policy issues in the colony. Both sets of issues were, at various times, equally contentious. But while Britain's strategic objectives in India paved the way for the Fiscal Autonomy Convention, the road towards a similar monetary ‘convention’ was never taken. Rather, thanks to Britain's external financial problems, the interwar decades saw initially a tightening, and later a refinement, of London's control over Indian monetary policies. This paper hopes to set out the processes at work more clearly than has been attempted before, and to account for them. The interpretation offered here is consistent with the ‘gentlemanly capitalism’ explanation of British imperialism during the interwar years, and of the postwar de-colonization process.
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FLANDREAU, MARC. "The economics and politics of monetary unions: a reassessment of the Latin Monetary Union, 1865–71." Financial History Review 7, no. 1 (April 2000): 25–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565000000020.

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In 1865, France, Belgium, Italy and Switzerland signed a monetary convention (later known as the Latin Union), which provided for the intercirculation of specie between member states. Conventional analyses of the treaty (such as that by Willis) have portrayed this arrangement as a by-product of French power politics. This article seeks to reinterpret the economic nature of the Latin Union, focusing on the interrelations between trade, finance and money. I argue that the Latin Union did not foster trade integration and that, as a matter of fact, such was not its objective, according to archival evidence. Instead, I suggest that the Latin Union was the result of the growth of France as a major supplier of capital. The need to provide French investors with exchange-rate guarantees led borrowing countries to tie their respective monetary systems to that of France. This, in turn, created opportunities for international monetary action and the French franc became the ‘natural’ focal point of projects of monetary unification. This evolution, however, had structural limits which help to explain the downfall of the projects for expansion of the Latin Union.
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Jacobsson, Måns. "THE NOTION OF “POLLUTION DAMAGE,” WITH PARTICULAR REGARD TO DAMAGE TO THE MARINE ENVIRONMENT." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1987, no. 1 (April 1, 1987): 555–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1987-1-555.

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ABSTRACT Oil spill incidents may cause damage of several different types: damage to property, consequential loss, pure economic loss, and damage to the environment. The last type presents the greatest problems in connection with liability and compensation, because it is not easily assessed in monetary terms. This paper focuses on the problems relating to non-economic damage to the marine environment and economic loss as a consequence of damage to the environment. Some leading court cases are used to illustrate some of the problems. The definition of “pollution damage” in the international conventions, i.e., the 1969 Civil Liability Convention and the 1971 Fund Convention, is discussed. The position taken by the International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund in respect to claims for non-economic damage to the environment as well as claims for pure economic loss is described. The impact the new definition of this notion in the 1984 protocol to the Civil Liability Convention would have on the law of contracting states is examined.
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GRUBB, FARLEY. "The US Constitution and monetary powers: an analysis of the 1787 constitutional convention and the constitutional transformation of the US monetary system." Financial History Review 13, no. 1 (March 31, 2006): 43–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565006000059.

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The monetary powers embedded in the US Constitution were revolutionary and led to a watershed transformation in the nation's monetary structure. They included determining what monies could be legal tender, who could emit fiat paper money, and who could incorporate banks. How the debate at the 1787 constitutional convention over these powers evolved and led the founding fathers to the specific powers adopted is presented and deconstructed. Why they took this path rather than replicate the successful colonial system and why they codified such powers into supreme law rather than leaving them to legislative debate and enactment are addressed.
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Kapteyn, P. J. G. "EMU and Central Bank: Chances Missed." European Constitutional Law Review 1, no. 1 (October 12, 2004): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1574019605001239.

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Both the EU- and the EC-Treaties refer in prominent places to the establishment of economic and monetary union (Articles 2 EU and EC). This union is mentioned as one of the principal means of achieving the Union's and the Community's economic and social objectives. Such a prominent place is not allotted it in the Constitution. In its effort to separate the basic provisions from the other provisions in the treaties, the Convention decided to retain only the European Union's objectives in the actual constitutional part. The concrete activities pertaining to the economic and monetary union, as well as its ‘guiding principles’ of stable prices, sound public finances and monetary conditions and a sustainable balance of payments were relegated to Part III that deals with the Union's policies.
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Хлестова, Ирина, and Irina KHlyestova. "International Legal Regulation of Nuclear Liability." Journal of Russian Law 3, no. 1 (December 24, 2014): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/7256.

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The article is devoted to the comparative analyses of provisions of Vienna convention on civil liability for nuclear damage of 1963 and Protocol of 1997 to the convention on civil liability for nuclear damage. In particular: the provisions on nuclear damage, channeling of liability on operator of nuclear facility, principles of liability, limits liability, limitation of actions, jurisdictional division are considered. On this bases it was concluded that international legal regulation is on the way of raise of limits liability of operator of nuclear facility, applying special drawing rights of International Monetary Fund as calculation units. Legal regulation introduced by the Protocol of 1997 to the Vienna convention on civil liability for nuclear damage more responds to the victims interests taking into account the long-terms effects of a nuclear incident. The problems of the Russian Federation adherence to the Protocol of 1997 is considered
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Witzleb, Normann. "Monetary remedies for breach of confidence in privacy cases." Legal Studies 27, no. 3 (September 2007): 430–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2007.00058.x.

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In Campbell v MGN Ltd, the House of Lords endorsed an expansive interpretation of the breach of confidence action to protect privacy interests. The scope and content of this transformed cause of action have already been subject to considerable judicial consideration and academic discussion. This paper focuses on the remedial consequences of privacy breaches. It undertakes an analysis of the principles which govern awards for pecuniary and non-pecuniary loss, the availability of gain-based relief, in particular an account of profits, and exemplary damages.Even in its traditional scope, the monetary remedies for breach of confidence raise complex issues, mainly resulting from the fact that this doctrine draws on multiple jurisdictional sources such as equity, contract and property law. The difficulties of determining the appropriate remedial principles are now compounded by the fact that English law also aims to integrate its obligation to protect the right to privacy under Art 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms 1950 into the conceptual framework of the breach of confidence action.The analysis provided in this paper supports the contention that not only the scope of the cause of action but also important remedial issues are likely to remain in doubt until the wrong of ‘misuse of private information’ is freed from the constraints of the traditional action for breach of confidence. A separate tort would be able to deal more coherently and comprehensively with all wrongs commonly regarded as privacy breaches.
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Jabłoński, Krzysztof, and Włodzimierz Stempski. "An attempt to assess the monetary value of carbon absorbed in the Polish forest sector." Folia Forestalia Polonica 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ffp-2018-0001.

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Abstract Forests and forest management play a vital role in capture and storage of carbon dioxide, which contributes to mitigation of climate change. Forests are not only a natural carbon sink. Proper forest management can enhance biomass production, providing wood to be converted into e.g. construction timber, paper and furniture as well as wood fuels and, as a result, considerably enlarge this carbon sink. Poland, being a party of the Climate Convention and Kyoto Protocol and a member of the EU is obliged to provide yearly reports on carbon emissions and sequestration, including the Land Use, Land Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector, of which forestry is the leading constituent. Forests, with the sequestration rate at a level of 3.93 t CO2·ha−1 form practically the only important carbon sink in the LULUCF category. Unfortunately the LULUCF sector has not been yet included in the current climate policy framework. The purpose of the study was an attempt to estimate the hypothetical value of carbon stored in forestry, resulting from the reported quantities of the emitted and sequestered carbon. The calculations were based on figures included in the National Inventory Report for Poland, reported yearly to the Secretariat of the Climate Convention. Among the forestry carbon sources/sinks, reported annually, the sequestration resulting from forest management significantly exceeds the net sequestration from afforestation/deforestation activities. Average data from recent years show that forest management is a net CO2 sink, with 12 Mt CO2·y−1 (above the forest management reference level, FMRL), and when combined with the carbon pool change resulting from afforestation/deforestation activities, it can be regarded as a net carbon sink sequestering nearly 15 Mt CO2·y−1. That value, when multiplied by the price of carbon emission allowance (e.g. EUA), could be a source of over 80 mill Euros per year, if used as a commodity on the emissions market. Due to high price volatility of CO2 emission allowances, the calculated profits are hypothetical, and the EU Emissions Trading System does not include forestry. These potential gains can become realistic after the LULUCF sector has been included in the emissions trading system.
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Mumcu, Ceyda, and Kimberly Mahoney. "Use of Decision Tree Model in Sport Management." Case Studies in Sport Management 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/cssm.2017-0036.

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When individuals need to make a decision, they often face alternatives and some uncertainty. Identifying alternatives and anticipating outcomes in a systematic way provides value in better decision-making. Decision trees help to clarify the choices, risks, monetary gains, and other information involved in the decision. As a result, managers can make an informed decision when choosing the alternative that provides the best net gain and whether the net gain is worthwhile to pursue. As such, this case presents a scenario in which the sport marketing manager of the local sports commission is working with the convention center to bring a sporting event to the city in order to enhance the city’s image and generate positive economic impact. The manager is faced with evaluating three alternatives (Event A, Event B, or neither) and making a recommendation to the sports commission and convention center executives regarding which event to pursue, if any. This case provides an opportunity for students to practice using this strategic management tool to assist in systematic decision-making while investigating the event bidding process.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Monetary convention"

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Nader, Giordanno. "Os limites e os obstáculos da política monetária do primeiro governo Dilma Rousseff (2011 2014): um estudo à luz da economia política pós-keynesiana." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9267.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Around a non-consensual discussion about the macroeconomic policy under President Dilma Rousseff, this thesis aims to analyze the limits and obstacles of Brazilian monetary policy, in light of post-Keynesian political economy. Based on the concepts of liquidity preference, convention of interest rates and the relationship of financial and rentier sectors in the capitalist mode of production, this paper seeks to show that the failure of the attempt of inflection in monetary policy is closely related to the influence financial sectors and rentiers play in the Brazilian economy
Em torno de uma discussão não consensual a respeito da condução da política macroeconômica durante o primeiro governo Dilma Rousseff, a presente dissertação tem por objetivo analisar os limites e os obstáculos da política monetária brasileira nesse período à luz da economia política pós-keynesiana. Baseando-se nos conceitos de preferência pela liquidez, convenção da taxa de juros e as relações dos setores financeiros e rentistas no modo de produção capitalista, este trabalho busca evidenciar que o malogro da tentativa de inflexão na política monetária possui estreita relação com a influência que os setores financeiros e rentistas exercem na economia brasileira
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Santos, João Pereira dos. "Do extrativismo à industrialização da Amazônia : uma análise institucionalista-pós-keynesiana." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/178470.

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Este trabalho apresenta uma análise institucionalista-pós-keynesiana da História Econômica da Amazônia, desde 1615 até o final das políticas desenvolvimentistas na década de 1980. O objetivo principal desta pesquisa é apresentar e analisar, à luz do referido referencial teórico, os motivos pelos quais a Amazônia não teve uma dinâmica de crescimento e desenvolvimento relativamente estável, mas, muito pelo contrário, foi caracterizada pelo subdesenvolvimento. Para identificar as causas do subdesenvolvimento atual da Amazônia foram utilizadas as seguintes categorias/conceituações analíticas convergentes entre Veblen, Commons e Keynes; racionalidade limitada, incerteza, hábito, convenção, instituições (sistema monetário) e demanda efetiva. Para apresentar e analisar as modificações ocorridas nas instituições e na estrutura econômica da Amazônia foram utilizados e interpretados dados quantitativos dos relatórios dos governos estaduais da época, dos Anuários Estatísticos editados pelo IBGE e do banco de dados do IPEADATA.
This thesis presents an Institutionalist and Post-Keynesian analysis of the Economic History of Amazonia from 1615 to the end of development policies in the 1980s. The main objective is to present and analyze, in the light of the Institutionalist and Post-Keynesian approaches, the reasons why the Amazon region did not have a sustainable economic growth and development economic, but, on the contrary, its economic history was characterized by an underdevelopment process. In order to identify the causes of the current underdevelopment of the Amazon, it was considered the following convergent categories between Veblen, Commons and Keynes: bounded rationality, uncertainty, habit, convention, institutions (monetary system) and effective demand. To aim at analyzing the changes occurred in the institutions and in the economic structure of the Amazon, we used and interpreted the of regional governments’ revenues and expenditures of the State Governments, the Statistical Yearbooks edited by IBGE and statistical information of IPEADATA.
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Wärneryd, Karl. "Economic conventions : essays in institutional evolution." Doctoral thesis, Handelshögskolan i Stockholm, Samhällsekonomi (S), 1990. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hhs:diva-917.

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Conventions are social institutions that solve recurrent coordination problems. Many of the written and unwritten rules that make up a modern market society may be said to have the coordinative property. This dissertation uses a game-theoretical framework to discuss the emergence and functioning of conventions of communication, private property rights, money, and the firm. In each case the anlysis provides new insigts for these classical areas of economic inquiry.

Diss. Stockholm : Handelshögskolan, 1990

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Helmi, Mohamad Husam. "Essays on monetary policy with Islamic banks." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/12849.

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This thesis examines three different aspects of monetary policy in a varying sample of developing countries, with some Islamic banks. The first essay estimates a variety of interest rate rules for the conduct of monetary policy for Indonesia, Israel, South Korea, Thailand and Turkey, in both high and low inflation conditions. The findings are that the reaction of monetary policy to both inflation and output gaps differs between the high and low inflation regimes and that the exchange rate channel is important only in the low inflation regime. The second essay examines the bank lending channel of monetary transmission in Malaysia, a country with a dual banking system, with both Islamic and conventional banks. The results show that Islamic credit is less responsive to interest rates shocks than is conventional credit, in both high and low growth conditions. In contrast, the relative importance of Islamic credit shocks in driving output and inflation is greater under low -inflation conditions and higher Islamic credit leads to higher growth and lower inflation in such conditions. The third essay re-examines the question of causality between credit and GDP between two sets of countries one set without Islamic banks and the other set with dual banking systems, including some Islamic banks. The results suggest long-run causality from credit growth to GDP in countries with only Islamic banks.
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Chen, Jinyu. "Conventional and unconventional monetary policy in a DSGE model with an interbank market friction." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/6372.

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This thesis examines both conventional and unconventional monetary policies in a DSGE model with an interbank market friction. The recent crisis during 2007-2009 affected economies worldwide and forced central banks to implement not just conventional monetary policies, but also direct interventions in financial markets. We investigate a DSGE model with financial frictions, to test conventional and unconventional monetary policies. The thesis starts by using the Gertler and Kiyotaki (2010)'s modelling framework, to examine eight different shocks under imperfect interbank market conditions. Unlike Gertler and Kiyotaki (2010) who consider the two extreme cases for the banking system, I firstly extend the analysis to a case in between the two extreme cases that they examined. The shocks considered include supply and demand shocks and also two shocks from the financial system itself (an interbank market shock and a shock to the deposit market). It is found that a negative shock to the interbank market has only a moderate impact to the banking system. However, a shock to the deposit market has a much stronger impact. Even though the impacts of these shocks are not large it is shown that thefinancial frictions magnify the effects of other shocks. The model is extended to include price stickiness. A modified Taylor rule is analysed to test how conventional monetary policy should respond to the shocks in the presence of financial frictions. Specifically the credit spread is added as a third term in the monetary policy rule. The stabilising properties of the policy rule are analysed and a welfare analysis is conducted. The model is further developed to include unconventional monetary policy in the form of direct lending to private sector firms from the central bank. A policy rule for unconventional policy is tested and its stabilising and welfare properties are analysed.
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Hennig, John D. "The Longer-Term Effects of Quantitative Easing on Yields and Asset Prices." Thesis, Boston College, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:108019.

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Thesis advisor: Peter Ireland
Upon reaching the effective end of conventional monetary policy, the Zero-Lower Bound, the Federal Reserve Board began to utilize a non-conventional expansionary monetary policy involving Large Scale Asset Purchases. Under this policy, large quantities of agency and federal debt is purchased using the reserves of the Federal Reserve Bank’s balance sheet. This policy is frequently referred to as Quantitative Easing or, more simply, QE. This paper considers the effects and sustainability of the Federal Open Market Committee’s use of Large Scale Asset Purchases on the prices and yields of financial assets within the U.S. Financial Markets. Our analysis presents evidence that while QE was initially effective in lowering the yields of agency and federal debt, the downward pressure on yields was not sustainable over time. Additionally, we find that the effects of QE spilled-over into additional asset classes within the financial markets including corporate fixed-income and equities
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2018
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Departmental Honors
Discipline: Economics
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BENYACOUB, TAYEB. "Essai sur les perspectives de la creation d'un marche financier arabe." Rennes 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990REN11033.

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Cette recherche a ete sondee en deux grands parties: (1) une premiere traite les caracteristiques (differentes donnees) de l' economie des pays arabes: la presentation (superficie, population et importance geographique). Les structures economiques des pays arabes (industriel, agricole et services). Les potentialites economiques (minerales, energetiques et financieres). Les pays arabes et relations financieres internationales et les eventuelles possibilitees de la mise en place d'un marche financier arabe destine a donner au surplus financier sa portee economique pour le developpement de leurs economies internes. (2) la seconde partie nous permet de voir quelles sont les etapes franchies dans la cooperation financieres et economiques inter-arabe et les perspectives de la mise en place d'un marche financier arabe: facteurs favorables pour entreprendre des actions communes (geographique, culturel, financieres et economiques). -analyse du systeme bancaire et financier arabe. La volonte de developpement pour assurer l'"apres-petrole". Les etapes franchies pour la creation d'un marche financier arabe (union monetaire arabe, convention arabe des paiements, union arabe des paiements et fonds monetaires arabe). .
This research has in two big parties. The first treet which caracteristics (differents variables) of economie of arabies contries. The presentation (superfing, population, geographie importance). The economics structures of arabie countries (industriel, agriculture and services). The economics potentialibies (minerals, energetics and financials). Arabic countries and internationals financials relations and the enventualities possibilities of making place of financial marcket arabic destined to give to financial surplus his economic importance for the developpment of their economics. The second party can to see whose are the steps makes in the financial cooperation and inter-arabic economics and the perspectives of making arabic financial market. Favorables facteurs to take similars actions (geographique, culturels, financiers et economiques). Analysis of banking system and arabic finance. The developpment volontary to assume "after petrol". The steps maked to create arabic financial market (union). The elaboration of financial and economic strategy in devellppment the capacties absorbation of arabe economics based over complementarity for resolution of the essential difficulties whose brohed to day their developpment
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Dirr, Enya Maria. "O fenómeno da deflação na Zona Euro e a política monetária não convencional." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10857.

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Mestrado em Economia Internacional e Estudos Europeus
Todas as referências sobre as quais a Zona Euro se ergueu foram postas em causa no dia em que se iniciou a crise. O choque inicial teve início com a chamada crise do suprime nos Estados Unidos tendo-se alastrado globalmente afetando, de forma particular, a União Europeia. Esta ganhou uma dinâmica própria na sequência de problemas estruturais já existentes na União, que vieram ao de cima, impedindo-a de dar uma resposta coerente aos problemas da crise conjuntural. O presente estudo justifica-se pelas mudanças que se fizeram sentir desde então. Pode-se mesmo classificar o período iniciado de transformador, inovador, extravagante ou, simplesmente, incomum, no quadro do que tem sido a evolução da zona euro. Várias ocorrências atípicas se sucederam: estagflação seguida de deflação, taxas de juro nulas e medidas extraordinárias de política monetária. O foco do presente trabalho recai sobre o fenómeno da deflação e das medidas extraordinárias de política monetária, incluindo as taxas de juro nulas e o que daí resulta. Assim, pretende-se dar resposta à questão se as medidas não convencionais do Banco Central Europeu conseguiram dar resposta ao fenómeno da deflação (e taxas de inflação muito reduzidas) recuperando a estabilidade de preços. Para isso, utiliza-se uma abordagem teórico-descritiva, assente numa análise de alguns indicadores, posteriormente analisados de forma qualitativa. Concluiu-se que, apesar das medidas inovativas, a abordagem do BCE não conseguiu até agora dar resposta aos problemas essenciais vividos pelos Estados-Membros da Zona Euro, nomeadamente, o da estabilidade de preços.
All the foundations on which the Euro Zone rose were called into question in the day that the current crisis began. The initial impact began with the so-called subprime crisis in the United States taking up sprawled globally affecting, in a very particular way, the European Union. This gained its own dynamics, worsening the already existing structural problems, and blocking a coherent and united response to the crisis. This study is justified by the dramatic changes felt since then. This period may even be classified as transforming, innovative, extravagant or, at least, unusual in the context of what has been the evolution of the eurozone. Several atypical events have taken place: deflation followed by stagflation, zero interest rates, and extraordinary monetary policy measures. This work focuses on the deflation phenomenon and the extraordinary monetary policy measures, also including the zero interest rates and its related effects. Thus, it is intended to answer the question whether the unconventional measures the European Central Bank failed to respond to the phenomenon of deflation (and very low inflation rates) restoring price stability, or not. For this, a theoretical and descriptive approach was employed, based on the analysis of certain indicators, posteriorly explored in a quantitative way. The key conclusion was that, despite all the innovative measures, the ECB approach did not succeed in solving effectively the critical problems faced by the EU Member-States, in particular, price stability.
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Lellis, Junior Luis Carlos. "O impacto da quantitative easing americano no preço dos ativos brasileiros." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/15119.

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Aplicando uma metodologia de testes de eventos, este estudo avalia o impacto dos anúncios de implementação e retirada dos estímulos monetários pelo Banco Central americano (FED) entre 2008 a 2013 sobre a curva de juros, a taxa de câmbio e a bolsa brasileira. Os resultados mostram que os anúncios de política monetária americana impactaram o preço dos ativos brasileiros significativamente principalmente durante o QE1 e o Tapering. Para os demais QEs, Operação Twist e eventos de postergação da retirada de estímulos, o não Tapering, ainda que os resultados encontrados estivessem dentro do esperado, eles tiveram baixa significância. Concluímos que a política monetária americana não convencional foi eficaz em impactar o preço dos ativos brasileiros, em especial os eventos não esperados. Ao incluirmos defasagens nos testes aplicados concluímos que em alguns casos houve 'atraso' na incorporação das novas informações no preço dos ativos.
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Lazar, Stefan-Alexandru. "Quantitative Easing and its impact on wealth inequality." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264417.

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The aim of this thesis is to show how the unconventional monetary policy rounds of Quantitative Easing introduced in the United States between 2008 and 2014 have led to an increase in wealth inequality. The need for the thesis arises due to the uncharted nature of QE and because of more and more information is surfacing to light which points to this connection. By analysing the distribution of these funds and adding it to the then base distribution of money supply, this study was able to determine a significant 10 % increase in the Gini Index. Furthermore it highlights how a large portion of wealth was transferred from the middle class over to the top 5 % income households. Starting from a set of assumptions the calculation is performed by extrapolating the data required and by isolating the system from any external variables. The result is a theoretical model meant to describe the mechanism that links Quantitative Easing to wealth inequality. Moreover a detailed comparison is provided with the effect of a conventional monetary policy such as Open-Market Operations. Finally solutions to this issue are being discussed from economical, political and fiscal standpoints.
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Books on the topic "Monetary convention"

1

Grubb, Farley Ward. The U.S. constitution and monetary powers: An analysis of the 1787 Constitutional Convention and constitutional transformation of the nation's monetary system emerged. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Grubb, Farley Ward. The U.S. constitution and monetary powers: An analysis of the 1787 Constitutional Convention and how a constitutional transformation of the nation's monetary system emerged. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.

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Symposium on Economic and Financial Recovery in Asia (2000 Queen Sirikit National Convention Centre). Symposium on Economic and Financial Recovery in Asia: Host country event in conjunction with the Tenth Session of the United Nations Conferences on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) : Thursday 17 February B.E. 2543 (A.D. 2000) conference room I, Queen Sirikit National Convention Centre, Bangkok, The Kingdom of Thailand. [Bangkok: Dept. of Economic Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, The Kingdom of Thailand, 2000.

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US GOVERNMENT. Consular convention with the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Message from the President of the United States transmitting the consular convention between the United States of America and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia signed at Belgrade June 6, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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US GOVERNMENT. Consular convention with the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia: Message from the President of the United States transmitting the consular convention between the United States of America and the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia signed at Belgrade June 6, 1988. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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US GOVERNMENT. Intergovernmental Maritime Consultative Organization (IMCO): Amendments to the Convention of March 6, 1948, between the United States of America and other governments, adopted by the IMCO Assembly at London November 17, 1977 and adopted by the IMCO Assembly at London November 15, 1979. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1991.

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US GOVERNMENT. Third Amendment of Articles of Agreement of the International Monetary Fund: Between the United States of America and other governments, approved by the Board of Governors of the International Monetary Fund, at Washington June 28, 1990. Washington, D.C: Dept. of State, 1993.

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US GOVERNMENT. Treaties, conventions, international acts, protocols, and agreements between the United States of America and other powers, 1776-1909. Holmes Beach, Fla: Gaunt, 1996.

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GOVERNMENT, US. The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement : tariff schedule of the United States. Ottawa: External Affairs Canada, 1987.

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US GOVERNMENT. Agreement between the government of the United States, Denmark, and the home government of the Faroe Islands concerning fisheries off the coasts of the United States: Message from the President of the United States ... pursuant to 16 U.S.C. 1823(a). Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Monetary convention"

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Felber, Christian. "Questionnaire for the Monetary Convention." In Money - The New Rules of the Game, 201–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67352-3_18.

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Felber, Christian. "Rewriting the Rules of the Game: The Democratic Monetary Convention." In Money - The New Rules of the Game, 21–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67352-3_3.

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Bindseil, Ulrich, and Alessio Fotia. "Conventional Monetary Policy." In Introduction to Central Banking, 29–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70884-9_3.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces conventional monetary policy, i.e. monetary policy during periods of economic and financial stability and when short-term interest rates are not constrained by the zero lower bound. We introduce the concept of an operational target of monetary policy and explain why central banks normally give this role to the short-term interbank rate. We briefly touch macroeconomics by outlining how central banks should set interest rates across time to achieve their ultimate target, e.g. price stability, and we acknowledge the complications in doing so. We then zoom further into monetary policy operations and central bank balance sheets by developing the concepts of autonomous factor, monetary policy instruments, and liquidity-absorbing and liquidity providing balance sheet items. Subsequently we explain how these quantities relate to short-term interest rates, and how the central bank can rely on this relation to steer its operational target, and thereby the starting point of monetary policy transmission. Finally, we explain the importance of the collateral framework and related risk control measures (e.g. haircuts) for the liquidity of banks and for the conduct of central bank credit operations.
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Tomann, Horst. "Conventional Monetary Policy of the ECB." In Monetary Integration in Europe, 55–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-59247-3_4.

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Bindseil, Ulrich, and Alessio Fotia. "Unconventional Monetary Policy." In Introduction to Central Banking, 53–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70884-9_4.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces the reader to unconventional monetary policy, i.e. monetary policy using instruments going beyond the steering of short-term interest rates as described in the previous chapter. We start by providing the rationale of unconventional monetary policy, i.e. essentially pursuing an effective monetary policy when conventional policies are not able to provide the necessary monetary accommodation because of the zero lower bound. We then discuss negative interest rate policies, and explain why rates slightly below zero have proven to be feasible despite the existence of banknotes. We also discuss possible unintended side-effects of negative interest rates. We continue with a discussion of non-conventional credit operations: lengthening of their duration, the use of fixed-rate full allotment, the widening of the access of counterparties to the central bank’s credit operation, targeted operations, credit in foreign currency, and widening the collateral set. Finally, we turn to the purposes and effects of securities purchase programmes. We end the chapter by revisiting the classification of central bank instruments in three categories: conventional, unconventional, and lender of last resort.
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Byttebier, Koen. "On the Conventional Nature of Money." In Towards a New International Monetary Order, 13–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52518-1_2.

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Afshari, Zahra, and Maryam Soleimani Movahed. "The impact of external shocks on the dynamics of macroeconomic variables in Iran (Islamic versus conventional monetary rule)." In Islamic Monetary Economics, 109–32. Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021. | Series: Islamic business and finance series: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003025191-6.

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Costabile, Lilia. "Towards a Non-Conventional Circuit Approach: Credit, Microcredit and Property Rights." In The Monetary Theory of Production, 203–16. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230523074_14.

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Koppelaar, Rembrandt, Antonino Marvuglia, and Benedetto Rugani. "Water Runoff and Catchment Improvement by Nature-Based Solution (NBS) Promotion in Private Household Gardens: An Agent-Based Model." In Future City, 91–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71819-0_5.

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AbstractNature-based solutions (NBS) such as rainwater gardens and permeable paving can be deployed as an alternative to conventional urban gardens to improve cities’ resilience against increasing rainfall. This study describes the application of an agent-based model (ABM) to assess the role of private gardens toward the enhancement of water management by households. The ABM simulates the process of switching from “gray” (i.e., paved) to green gardens, taking into account the effect of “soft” (garden networks and gardening workshops) and “hard” (monetary) incentives. The ABM is supported by a water balance model to consider the effect of rainfall on soil water retention. Four different cities in Europe were analyzed: Szeged (Hungary), Alcalá de Henares (Spain), Metropolitan city of Milan (Italy), and Çankaya Municipality (Turkey). The results demonstrate that greening private gardens can generate impact on water run-off and catchment in cities in the order of 5–10%, reaching picks up to 20% in certain cases. While the proposed model is not devoid of limitations, the results provide useful insights in the ways different instruments (e.g., municipal subsidies and knowledge support) could assist with the greening of private gardens for NBS promotion to respond to cities’ water management challenges.
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"William Jennings Bryan’s ‘Cross of Gold’ Speech, delivered to the Democratic National Convention at Chicago, Illinois (9 July 1896)." In The Monetary History of Gold, 281–87. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315476131-82.

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Conference papers on the topic "Monetary convention"

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Samodol, A., S. Brlecic Valcic, and A. Ostojic. "Using fuzzy logic in analysing and modelling the reflection of monetary and fiscal conditions on GDP per capita in Croatia." In 2020 43rd International Convention on Information, Communication and Electronic Technology (MIPRO). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/mipro48935.2020.9245399.

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Gao, Ruiqiong, and Junwen Feng. "The Influence of the Electronic Currency on the Conventional Monetary Theory." In 2015 International Conference on Social Science, Education Management and Sports Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/ssemse-15.2015.110.

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Černohorská, Liběna, Jana Janderová, and Veronika Procházková. "Monetary Policy Before and After the Financial Crisis and Its Economic and Legislative Impacts – Case of The Czech Republic." In 2nd International Conference on Business, Management and Finance. Acavent, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/2nd.icbmf.2019.11.775.

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The article analyses monetary policy response to the world financial crisis and focuses more closely on the monetary policy of the Czech National Bank (CNB) at this time. Until 2007, the implementation of monetary policy in OECD countries was perceived very positively. However, the financial crisis has clearly shown that the world’s financial markets are highly interconnected, and this can have a major impact on individual national economies. Therefore, the monetary policy strategy has changed from a policy based on the so-called flexible inflation targeting. Ensuring price stability is emphasised as part of the monetary policy role of the CNB in the provisions of Article 98 of the Constitution, in the Czech Republic. CNB is perceived as one of the most independent central banks, the contituional dimension of its independence being confirmed by case law of the Czech Constitutional Court. In response to the financial crisis, CNB was forced to pursue unconventional monetary policy in the form of foreign exchange interventions between 2013 and 2017. However, during the time period of these interventions, CNB policy did not lead to achievement of the inflation target. Following the completion of foreign exchange interventions, CNB returned to conventional monetary policy through interest rates.
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Siagian, Julika Rahma, Dede Ruslan, and Arwansyah. "Analysis of Conventional and Sharia Monetary Policies through Asset Prices on Inflation in Indonesia." In Unimed International Conference on Economics Education and Social Science. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009502304660472.

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Traverso, A., M. Santarelli, A. F. Massardo, and M. Cali`. "A New Generalised Carbon Exergy Tax: An Effective Rule to Control Global Warming." In ASME Turbo Expo 2002: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2002-30139.

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An instrument for promoting CO2 emission reductions, taking the Kyoto Protocol goal into account, could be the assignment to energy conversion plants of a monetary charge linked to their specific emission intensity, usually called Carbon Tax. There are two main problems closely connected with this approach: the estimation of the charge (that must be related to the “external” cost associated with CO2 emission) and the choice of the strategy to determine the amount of the imposed charge. In this paper an analytical procedure proposed by the authors and called Carbon Exergy Tax (CET) for the evaluation of CO2 emission externalities is presented. It is based on the thermoeconomic analysis of energy systems, which allows Second Law losses to be quantified in monetary terms: the resulting cost represents the taxation that is to be applied to the energy system under examination, calculated without any arbitrary assumption. Since the complete procedure of the CET evaluation is too complex to become a feasible instrument of energy policy, hereby, after applying the procedure to some conventional and advanced power plants, gas-, oil- and coal-fuelled, a new generalised approach, based on the results of the complete CET procedure, is proposed. The generalised CET evaluation requires much less information about the energy system and thus a simple and effective energy policy rule to manage global warming is obtained and available.
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Sieberer, Martin, and Torsten Clemens. "Hydrocarbon Field Re-Development as Markov Decision Process." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206041-ms.

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Abstract Hydrocarbon field (re-)development requires that a multitude of decisions are made under uncertainty. These decisions include the type and size of surface facilities, location, configuration and number of wells but also which data to acquire. Both types of decisions, which development to choose and which data to acquire, are strongly coupled. The aim of appraisal is to maximize value while minimizing data acquisition costs. These decisions have to be done under uncertainty owing to the inherent uncertainty of the subsurface but also of other costs and economic parameters. Conventional Value Of Information (VOI) evaluations can be used to determine how much can be spend to acquire data. However, VOI is very challenging to calculate for complex sequences of decisions with various costs and including the risk attitude of the decision maker. We are using a fully observable Markov-Decision-Process (MDP) to determine the policy for the sequence and type of measurements and decisions to do. A fully observable MDP is characterised by the states (here: description of the system at a certain point in time), actions (here: measurements and development scenario), transition function (probabilities of transitioning from one state to the next), and rewards (costs for measurements, Expected Monetary Value (EMV) of development options). Solving the MDP gives the optimum policy, sequence of the decisions, the Probability Of Maturation (POM) of a project, the Expected Monetary Value (EMV), the expected loss, the expected appraisal costs, and the Probability of Economic Success (PES). These key performance indicators can then be used to select in a portfolio of projects the ones generating the highest expected reward for the company. Combining the production forecasts from numerical model ensembles with probabilistic capital and operating expenditures and economic parameters allows for quantitative decision making under uncertainty.
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v. Beek, Anton, and Mian Li. "Tolerance Allocation and Calibration With Limited Empirical Data." In ASME 2016 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2016-59328.

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Uncertainties are inherent to the physical world, which has made them a prominent field of research. They manifest themselves in many fields of engineering, one of which is known as tolerance analysis, where engineers attempt to predict system performance affected by the tolerance through analytical models. Ordinarily, discrepancies between analytical and experimental models are overcome by calibration techniques, using experimental data. Acquiring experimental data becomes a monetary expensive endeavor, when performed on assemblies with relative large design parameters. This work presents a methodology to formulate and calibrate analytical models, using Bayesian inference and Gaussian processes. The advantage of this methodology is that it uses a single set of overall performance experimental data, with a more accurate result than conventional methods. Subsidiary to the proposed methodology is a case study, vindicating as well as illustrating its transcendence from the confining extremities delineated by the panoply of current tolerance analysis and calibration techniques.
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Chan, Korey, and Saeid Bashash. "Modeling and Energy Cost Optimization of Air Conditioning Loads in Smart Grid Environments." In ASME 2017 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2017-5284.

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Electricity for heating, ventilation, and air condition (HVAC) machines takes up a large percentage of energy consumption in the buildings and thus in turn, a large portion of the energy monetary cost. Optimization of air conditioners use throughout the day will reduce energy consumption and expenditure. This study introduces a second-order differential equation model to capture the indoor temperature dynamics of a building. An experimental test bed is developed to collect a set of indoor/outdoor temperature and sunlight data. Using a least-squares-based system identification process, the model parameters are identified and checked through simulation. Optimization of the room temperature is then determined by solving a mixed-integer quadratic programming problem in relation to the hourly-updated energy prices. Mixed-integer quadratic programming solution is compared to a two-point thermostatic control system. A hybrid solution compromising the quadratic programming algorithm and the conventional thermostatic control scheme is proposed as a tractable approach for the near-optimal energy management of the system.
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Thamilyanan, Thivyashini, Hasmizah Bakar, Irzee Zawawi, and Siti Aishah Mohd Hatta. "Low Well Cost: Effective Cost Optimisation for Marginal Green Field Development Using Fit-for-Purpose Well Design." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200988-ms.

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Abstract During the low oil price era, the ability to deliver a small business investment yet high monetary gains was the epitome of success. A marginal field with its recent success of appraisal drilling which tested 3000bopd will add monetary value if it is commercialized as early as possible. However, given its marginal Stock Tank Oil Initially in Place (STOIIP), the plan to develop this field become a real challenge to the team to find a fit-for-purpose investment to maximize the project value. Luxuries such as sand control, artificial lift and frequent well intervention need to be considered for the most cost-effective measures throughout the life of field ‘Xion’. During field development study, several development strategies were proposed to overcome the given challenges such as uncertainty of reservoir connectivity, no gas lift supply, limited footprint to cater surface equipment and potential sand production. Oriented perforation, Insitu Gas Lift (IGL), Pressure Downhole Gauge (PDG), Critical Drawdown Pressure (CDP) monitoring is among the approaches used to manage the field challenges will be discussed in this paper. Since there are only two wells required to develop this field, a minimum intervention well is the best option to improve the project economics. This paper will discuss the method chosen to optimize the well and completion strategy cost so that it can overcome the challenges mentioned above in the most cost-effective approach. Artificial lift will utilize the shallower gas reservoirs through IGL in comparison to conventional gas lift. Sand Production monitoring will utilize the PDG by monitoring the CDP. The perforation strategy will employ the oriented perforation to reduce the sand free drawdown limit compare to the full perforation strategy. The strategy to monitor production through PDG will also reduce the number of interventions to acquire pressure data in establishing reservoir connectivity for the second phase development through secondary recovery and reservoir pressure maintenance plan. This paper will also explain the innovative approaches adopted for this early monetization and fast track project which is only completed within 4 months. This paper will give merit to petroleum engineers and well completion engineers involved in the development of marginal fields.
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Gozluklu, Burak, Gulsen Oncul, and Ugur Koseoglu. "Design Concept of a CFRP External Trailing Edge for Ailerons." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66066.

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The most recent civil aircraft dominantly use composite structures such as in the ailerons. However, airworthiness authorities raise concerns about lightning strike damage and repairability if the aileron is made of composite material. Today, aerodynamic profiles of aircraft wings become more complex and challenging for designers who need adequate space to fit conventional “torque box” designs inside the wing surfaces. The aero-surfaces may become too shallow and curved in the trailing edge side of the wing which is highly exposed to edge impact and lightning strike damages. This paper presents a new design concept for Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) External Trailing Edge (CETE) structure for the trailing edge of the ailerons. CETE is attached to the main aileron torque box where the main load carrying composite spar, ribs and panels are located. The design objective of the CETE combines various important features such as better strength characteristics against lightning strike and edge impact, and easier repairability with a lighter aileron. This paper also discusses recurring and non-recurring costs and monetary benefits of the new design concept. The CETE concept is as simple as creating a secondary torque box on the trailing edge side of the aileron with two C-section parts; inner and outer parts of CETE. The inner part of CETE provides a secondary spar to the aileron to sustain the main torque box force flows and support the trailing edge panels. The main structural feature of CETE is to form a low loaded zone by its outer part which is located at the outermost region of the trailing edge where mechanical edge impact and lightning strike damages are frequently encountered. It is revealed during the lightning strike tests that, the resulting damages can be catastrophic and located at the trailing edge line where the metallic strips are located. In case of lightning strike damage on the CETE, the aileron is able to carry loads since the flows in the main torque box is minimally disturbed as the inner part of CETE is still intact while the outer part is damaged. Similarly, the damage after edge impact is trapped at the outer section of the CETE where the loads are minimized by CETE design. In case of a larger damage, CETE can be replaced easily instead of replacing the whole aileron which is cost effective in long term although the initial costs seem higher than the conventional designs.
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Reports on the topic "Monetary convention"

1

Grubb, Farley. The U.S. Constitution and Monetary Powers: An Analysis of the 1787 Constitutional Convention and Constitutional Transformation of the Nation's Monetary System Emerged. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w11783.

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Araújo, Aloísio, Susan Schommer, and Michael Woodford. Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy with Endogenous Collateral Constraints. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19711.

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Inoue, Atsushi, and Barbara Rossi. The Effects of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy on Exchange Rates. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25021.

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Farmer, Roger E. A. The Effect of Conventional and Unconventional Monetary Policy Rules on Inflation Expectations: Theory and Evidence. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, April 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18007.

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