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Journal articles on the topic 'Money Egypt'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2024

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1

S.H., Solaiman, and Mohammed A.T. "Money Supply Behavior in Egypt (2004-2019)." African Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development 5, no. 1 (March 8, 2022): 59–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajesd-4veyypje.

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This study aims to investigate whether money supply behaviour in Egypt is exogenously or endogenously determined using data from 2004 to 2019. It aims to identify the determinants of money supply in Egypt and the most important tools used by the central bank to manage it. The study employs the Johansen-Juselius test (1990) to examine the long-run determinants of money supply in Egypt and the error correction model to examine the short-run determinants. We conclude that real GDP, discount rate, budget deficit, and net foreign assets have significant long-term effects on money supply, whereas exchange rate and net domestic assets have no effects. We recommend higher degrees of cooperation between the Central Bank of Egypt and the institutions responsible for the formulation of financial and commercial policies. we also recommend that the central bank continue monitoring foreign assets and strengthen its supervisory activities on banking institutions.

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Shebib, Assist Prof Dr Bashar Abd Al Jabbar. "Abu Bakr Almadhirai (258-345A.H) / (871-957A.D) his personality and his age." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 217, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v217i1.554.

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Through this overview available we have about Abu Bakr Almadhirai we have to say about one of the important figures who served as minister and a writer and supervisor of the works of Egypt and Syria and Mtula to abscess Egypt, he went to Egypt with the God of Ahmed bin Ali Almadhirai and his brother Abu Tayeb year 272 AH / 886 AD and from here began Almadhiraiaon a reputation in Egypt and has the qualities and virtues of the money has not owned one before, but he had been confiscated his money the state of the abscess and now has enemies, but he was able to compete with them and removes their danger, and when the state Tulunid fell and the state Ikhshidid Abu Bakr continued Almadhirai minister Akhchid and his son Anujur bin Akhsheed, and died in Egypt in the month of Shawwal 345 AH / 957 AD

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3

Zaki, Mokhlis Y. "Forecasting the money multiplier and the control of money supply in Egypt." Journal of Development Studies 32, no. 1 (October 1995): 97–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220389508422403.

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4

Kordy, Kariman, Aliaa Bassiouny, and Eskandar Tooma. "Valuation discrepancies in money market funds during market disruptions: evidence from Egypt." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 17, no. 3 (September 8, 2020): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.17(3).2020.08.

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Money market funds (MMFs) are generally considered safe investment vehicles, but the 2008 global financial crisis showed their vulnerability during market disruptions resulting in increased regulatory oversight across developed markets to protect investors. This paper examines the effect of MMF accounting regulation on investors in an emerging market context. It hypothesizes that the continued use of amortized cost methods to account for MMFs’ Net Asset Value (NAV) during market disruptions can result in unfair treatment of investors. The Egyptian money market provided a unique laboratory to test this hypothesis over a prominent economic crisis that combined high levels of interest rate volatility with a redemption-only structure for MMFs. A model that measures the discrepancies between the amortized and floating market NAVs per certificate for various money market portfolios (MMPs) simulating MMFs of different durations is tested using the Egyptian data. A sharp rise in interest rates is found to lead to significant discrepancies between the amortized NAV per certificate relative to their floating value. Serial investor redemptions of the certificates compound the discrepancies, but only certificate holders remaining in the funds bear the accumulated losses, which are augmented for portfolios with higher durations. The results suggest that emerging market regulators consider introducing the rules that switch to floating NAV calculations for MMFs during such periods to promote equality across all investors.

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5

Elhendawy, Emad Omar. "Coordination or Dominance of Fiscal and Monetary Policy in Egypt." International Journal of Economics and Finance 11, no. 12 (November 6, 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v11n12p28.

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This study investigates to what extent of coordination between the fiscal and monetary policies in Egypt in the period 1980-2017, it has been adopted in its methodology on the vector error correction and Granger causality test. It concludes that there is a significant relation between money supply and budget deficit on one hand and inflation on the other hand, and that fiscal policy is dominant in monetary policy, as a change of 10% of the budget deficit results in an increase in the inflation rate of 8.1%. As for the Granger causality test. Thus stresses the existence of causal relationship to one direction of inflation against both the budget deficit and the money supply, which affects the budget deficit in the second slowdown. Then it feeds the budget deficit and inflation in the third year, which in turn feeds the budget deficit in the fourth year and the causal relationship between inflation and money supply has concluded that there is a one-way causal relationship of money supply to inflation after four slows and then inflation affects the money supply from the fifth to the tenth slowdown. As for the relationship of the budget deficit to money supply, there may be a one-way causal relationship between the budget deficit and the money supply from the second to the tenth year, except the third year, which also confirms the dominance of fiscal policy on monetary policy in Egypt in the period under consideration.

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6

Dekkiche, Djamal. "Impact of Money Supply on Inflation Rate in Egypt: A VECM Approach." Economics and Business 36, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 134–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/eb-2022-0009.

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Abstract In this work, the research team employed a VECM regression model to evaluate the relationship between money supply and inflation rate (INF) in Egypt from 1990 to 2019. The model includes four independent variables: money supply (MS), imports (IMP), Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and exchange rate (EXCH). A Johansen-Juselius co-integration test and a Vector Error Correction Model were used to determine the existence of long-term and short-term links between the variables. The results demonstrated the existence of co-integrating links between the variables. Aside from the effects of GDP, all independent factors had a positive effect on the inflation rate. Depending on the results, the money supply is the primary long-term predictor of the inflation rate in Egypt.

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7

Schiffman, Daniel A. "Rabbinical perspectives on money in seventeenth-century Ottoman Egypt." European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 17, no. 2 (January 8, 2010): 163–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09672560903320076.

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8

Husseiny, Israa A. El, and Khaled Zakaria Amin. "Pre-university education outputs in Egypt: does money matter?" International Journal of Education Economics and Development 9, no. 3 (2018): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeed.2018.094279.

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9

El Husseiny, Israa A., and Khaled Zakaria Amin. "Pre-university education outputs in Egypt: does money matter?" International Journal of Education Economics and Development 9, no. 3 (2018): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijeed.2018.10015390.

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10

Heo, A. ""Money and Chandeliers": Mass Circuits of Pilgrimage to Coptic Egypt." Journal of the American Academy of Religion 81, no. 2 (May 6, 2013): 516–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/lft018.

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11

Sherif, Rana. "Exchange Rate, Money Wages and Prices in Egypt (1991 – 2021)." المجلة العلمية للبحوث والدراسات التجارية 38, no. 2 (June 1, 2024): 1835–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/sjrbs.2024.275739.1655.

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12

Milewski, Ireneusz. "Money in the Apophthegmata Patrum." Studia Ceranea 9 (December 30, 2019): 603–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/2084-140x.09.30.

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The objective of this paper is to discuss accounts related to money in Apophthegmata Patrum, a collection of sayings attributed to famous Egyptian monks. The collection as we know it was produced in the 6th century. By describing the organisation of monastic centres in Egypt in the 4th and 5th century Apophthegmata also offer us some information about the period’s economic aspects. However, by and large, the data is very general. It pertains to: prices, wages, tax issues as well as money that was given to monks by pilgrims. Limited as it is, the data confirms that money was present in the everyday lives of Egyptian monks in late antiquity. Naturally, the major consideration behind whether a monk possessed money was whether he had contact with the outside world. This included selling self-made handcraft at markets, particularly woven mats and ropes, clay pots and sometimes also more specialised items (such as copied codices of the Bible). In Apophthegmata Patrum, similarly to what is the case with other Early Byzantium hagiographic texts, we find little information about moral evaluation of money or about the “appropriate” way to manage it.

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13

Gabra, Melad B., Amr H. Abdel Bar, and Mahmoud A. M. Amin. "THE IMPACT OF MONEY LAUNDERING OPERATIONS ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN EGYPT." Journal of Environmental Science 48, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 491–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jes.2019.156968.

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14

Alami, Tarik H. "Variance decomposition analysis of the demand for foreign money in Egypt." Journal of Economic Studies 28, no. 2 (April 2001): 122–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000005427.

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15

Badran, Mona Farid. "Socioeconomic dynamics in mobile money services in Egypt: an empirical analysis." Eurasian Business Review 7, no. 2 (September 19, 2016): 267–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40821-016-0057-1.

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16

Mendes, Aysha. "Appearance enhancement in Egypt: a hushed affair, for blood or money." Journal of Aesthetic Nursing 4, no. 10 (December 2, 2015): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/joan.2015.4.10.502.

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17

Barakat, Mahmoud Ramadan, Sara H. Elgazzar, and Khaled M. Hanafy. "Impact of Macroeconomic Variables on Stock Markets: Evidence from Emerging Markets." International Journal of Economics and Finance 8, no. 1 (December 24, 2015): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v8n1p195.

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<p>The key objective of this study is to shed light on the relationship between the stock market and macroeconomic factors in two emerging economies (Egypt and Tunisia) for the period from January 1998 to January 2014. Results indicated that there is a causal relationship in Egypt between market index and consumer price index (CPI), exchange rate, money supply, and interest rate. The same goes for Tunisia except for CPI, which had no causal relationship with the market index. Results also revealed that the four macroeconomic are co-integrated with the stock market in both countries.</p>

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18

Abdullah, Adam. "An Islamic monetary theory of value and equation of exchange: evidence from Egypt (696-1517)." Humanomics 32, no. 2 (May 9, 2016): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/h-12-2015-0090.

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Purpose The purpose of this research is to present an Islamic monetary theory of value by analyzing real prices and real money in terms of gold and silver in Egypt from 696 to 1517, a period of 821 years from the Umayyads to the Abbasids. Design/methodology/approach This paper adopts a quantitative empirical investigation derived from a full population of secondary data to deductively evaluate the measure and store of value functions of money, to affirm an Islamic monetary theory of value, which is also inductively researched through a qualitative interpretation of documentary and content analysis of Islamic and numismatic literature. Findings The Islamic monetary theory of value leads to an Islamic equation of exchange that reconfirms the outcome of this research, where a high value of money ensures low constant real prices over the long term. Research limitations/implications The findings are based on an empirical investigation involving a single price of wheat series as a reasonable proxy for changes in wholesale commodity prices generally, which was successfully adopted by other studies. Practical implications The significance for modern monetary policy is that monetary authorities should adopt an Islamic monetary theory of value to achieve genuine monetary and price stability. Social implications Through an Islamic equation of exchange, price stability would ensure real economic growth that protects wealth for holders of money due to a stable purchasing power, and combined with Islamic equity finance, more efficiency in allocating investible resources to increase gross domestic product and employment. Originality/value The Islamic monetary theory of value ensures that there is no transfer or confiscation of wealth through inflation, which would impart gains to the issuer due to the excessive supply of money in relation to demand.

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19

Rashdan, Abeer, and Noura Eissa. "The Determinants of Financial Inclusion in Egypt." International Journal of Financial Research 11, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v11n1p123.

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Recently, Egypt has prioritized financial inclusion in its monetary reform agenda. The objective of this paper is to examine the determinants of financial inclusion in Egypt using the World Bank’s Global Findex 2017 database to conduct a logistic regression. Empirical results prove that there is no significant relationship between gender and the level of financial inclusion in Egypt, whereas, richer, more educated and older individuals are more strongly included in the financial system. The results reveal that the main barrier to financial inclusion is actually a lack of money; which hinders opening a formal account, savings account or credit account. Through possible policy measures, the paper recommends the need for a progressive approach to robust financial literacy and awareness in order for a positive economic growth role of financial inclusion to emerge in the Egyptian economy.

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20

Leiser, Gary. "The Life and Times of the Ayyūbid Vizier al-Ṣāḥib b. Shukr." Der Islam 97, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 89–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/islam-2020-0005.

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AbstractThis is a description and assessment of the career of al-Ṣāḥib b. Shukr (548–622/1153–1225), the most important vizier of Ayyūbid Egypt. Born in the Delta, and raised in an influential family, he studied to become a jurist. After serving as a judge (qāḍī), he entered the administration of Saladin and subsequently became the vizier of two Ayyūbid sultans, al-ʿĀdil and his son al-Kāmil. His ruthlessness in raising money for them by transforming the Egyptian vizierate into a fund raising institution was a critical factor in their ability to stay in power, and in saving Egypt from the Fifth Crusade. At the same time he patronized the religious class and built the first Mālikī law school (madrasa) in Cairo. His vizierate represented a nexus of administrative and religious authority in Egypt.

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21

Ezzamel, Mahmoud, and Keith Hoskin. "Retheorizing accounting, writing and money with evidence from Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt." Critical Perspectives on Accounting 13, no. 3 (June 2002): 333–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/cpac.2001.0500.

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22

Awujola, Abayomi, Ezie Obumneke, and Chidi Nwafor. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF OIL PRICE SHOCKS ON SELECTED MACROECONOMIC VARIABLES IN NIGERIA AND EGYPT." International Journal of Advanced Research in Accounting, Economics and Business Perspectives 7, no. 2 (September 9, 2023): 160–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48028/iiprds/ijaraebp.v7.i2.13.

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This paper empirically analyzed the impact of oil price shock on selected macroeconomic variables in the African oil-producing countries using Nigeria and Egypt from 1983 to 2020 and 1984-2020 for Egypt, respectively, due to data availability. The study employed the structural vector error correction model (SVECM) due to co-integration among the variables. It was revealed that the response to and significance of the oil price shock differs between the two countries; oil price shock caused an economic boom in Nigeria while it shrunk the Egyptian economy; the broad money supply only responded to the oil price shock in Egypt; the general price level responds positively to the oil price shock in Egypt but respond negatively in Nigeria; oil price shock caused exchange rate depreciation in Nigeria but appreciation in Egypt, an oil price shock caused interest rate reduction in Nigeria but an increment in Egypt. Therefore, policymakers must consider the sensitive nature of their macroeconomic variables to oil price shocks and continue to make proactive decisions that will reduce, if not eliminate, its negative impact. Again, the government of oil exporting countries should ensure diversification of their economy during the oil boom in sectors that would help to caution against the impact of adverse oil price shocks in the economy when such is experienced.

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23

Orehowskyi, Wadym. "TRADE AND MONEY CIRCULATION OF ANCIENT GREECE." BULLETIN OF CHERNIVTSI INSTITUTE OF TRADE AND ECONOMICS II, no. 90 (June 28, 2023): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.34025/2310-8185-2023-2.90.01.

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The article is devoted to highlighting the main directions and features of trade and money circulation in Ancient Greece. In the introduction, the author notes that the Kingdom of Egypt and the state entities of Mesopotamia were the first centers of regional trade. A separate "branch" of the trade system of the Mediterranean was made up of numerous polises of Ancient Greece, which were essentially separate states. It was the sea spaces that played a major role in a Greek trade. The latter contributed to the formation, on the one hand, of a unique "Mediterranean world", and on the other - the Greeks became the creators of a universal civilization that had an extremely great influence on the formation of the future political, economic and cultural "face" of the world. Considering the main features of the economy of the inhabitants of Hellas, the author emphasizes that the main occupation of the Greeks was agriculture. The population was engaged in agriculture, sowing wheat and barley. But in the future, preference was given to viticulture, horticulture and olive growing. The further deepening of the division of labor is characteristic of craft manufacture. The main owner of the land was the polis (city-state), whose economic activity was based on the idea of autarky (self-sufficiency). Considering trade, the author of the article notes that the availability of convenient "access to the sea" of most of the polises contributed to the development of shipbuilding and navigation. The long coastal line facilitated cabotage transportation. Interpolis trade within the Aegean Sea was, to a large extent, under the control of the Athenian state. In addition, the Greeks conducted trade with other states of the Mediterranean world, and also sailed to the Black Sea. Grain remained the main import item during the existence of Greek civilization. It was mainly imported from: the Northern Black Sea region; the islands of Sicily, Cyprus and Euboea; Thrace and Egypt. Athens had to import wood as well as charcoal needed for silver ІСТОР ІЯ ЕКОНОМІКИ ТА ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ ДУМКИ 10 Випуск IІ (90), 2023 smelting. Copper, gold, iron and tin were imported too. Among the export products, olive oil, marble, and painted vases prevailed. The most important Athenian resource was silver, which was exported in ingots or silver coins. Trade contributed to the development of money circulation and usury. The materials of the article can be useful for general and specialized courses on economic history, ancient history of international trade, for writing master's diploma, course theses.

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Hennequin, Gilles. "Waqf et Monnaie dans l'Égypte Mamlūke." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 38, no. 3 (1995): 305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568520952600380.

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AbstractThe accounts of Ğawhar al-Lālā inform us, at least indirectly, about the functioning of money institutions in Mamluk Egypt. Each minting serves to support a currency; the diverse currencies evolved independently from one to the other on the basis of ‘monetary polities’, subjugated to a succession of fiscal devices. The frequency of the authorizations gave to the initiators the chance [to gain from] interest-bearing speculations.

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Shokr, Mohamed Aseel, Zulkefly Abdul Karim, and Mohd Azlan Shah Zaidi. "Monetary policy and macroeconomic responses: non-recursive SVAR study of Egypt." Journal of Financial Economic Policy 11, no. 3 (August 5, 2019): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfep-07-2018-0103.

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Purpose This paper aims to examine the effects of monetary policy and foreign shocks on output, inflation and exchange rate in Egypt. Design/methodology/approach This paper studies the effects of monetary policy and foreign shocks on output, inflation and exchange rate by using non-recursive SVAR model and quarterly data. Findings First, the empirical results reveal that monetary policy shocks, through changes in interest rate or money supply, have a significant effect on output, inflation and exchange rate in Egypt. Second, the world oil prices and foreign output have significant impacts on output, inflation and exchange rate in Egypt, while foreign interest rate has a significant effect on domestic output and inflation. Research limitations/implications The limitation of the study is examining one country only. Practical implications The Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) should adjust interest rate to stabilize inflation, output and exchange rate. By stabilizing inflation, output and exchange rate, the CBE would be able to achieve the ultimate targets of monetary policy, namely, price stability and economic growth. Social implications It is important for the CBE because it shows the significant effect of monetary policy on macroeconomic variables in Egypt. Also, it is important for people because it shows the important role for the CBE. Originality/value It is important for the CBE because it examines the effect of monetary policy and foreign shocks on macroeconomic variables.

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26

Mansour, Hoda. "Product-specific determinants of Mobile Money Adoption: Evidence from Egypt during COVID-19." مجلة السیاسة والاقتصاد 13, no. 12 (October 1, 2021): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jocu.2021.45382.1061.

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Issa, Ibrahim A. J., and Kkalid H. H. Al-Mashhadani. "Measuring the effect of some economic policy variables on reducing unemployment in Egypt." Tikrit Journal of Administrative and Economic Sciences 18, no. 58, 1 (June 30, 2022): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjaes.18.58.1.8.

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The research aims to measure the impact of some economic policy variables, specifically public spending, public revenues, broad money supply, exchange rate, real interest rate, foreign direct investment, exports and imports as percentages of GDP on unemployment rates in Egypt during the period (1990-2020) using Time Series data. After conducting the stability test using the ADF test, it was found that all the model variables became static after the first difference. Therefore, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model was built and estimated. The research found that there is a co-integration relationship and that there is an inverse significant relationship between (government spending, government revenues, broad money supply, incoming foreign direct investment, and exports as percentages of GDP) and (unemployment rates), which is consistent with economic logic. The study also found that there is a positive and moral relationship between the exchange rate, real interest rates and imports as percentages of GDP with unemployment rates, and this is consistent with economic logic. The study recommended the need to increase the degree of coordination between (financial, monetary and commercial) economic policies in a manner that ensures their impact on economic activity in general and reduce unemployment rates in particular.

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MacCoull, Leslie S. B. "Taxpayers and Their Money in Sixth-Century Egypt: Currency in the Temseu Skordon Codex." Journal of Late Antiquity 8, no. 1 (2015): 97–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jla.2015.0007.

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Quandt, William B., and Clement M. Henry. "The Mediterranean Debt Crescent: Money and Power in Algeria, Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, and Turkey." Foreign Affairs 75, no. 5 (1996): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20047801.

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Mohieldin, Mahmoud, Khaled Hussein, and Ahmed Rostom. "On financial development and economic growth in Egypt." Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences 1, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jhass-08-2019-0027.

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Purpose This paper aims to discuss the evolution of the Egyptian banking sector and the main trends in financial development in Egypt. The purpose of this study is to examine empirically the relationship between the development of the financial sector and economic growth in Egypt between 1980 and 2016. Design/methodology/approach The paper draws comparisons based on critical financial indicators between Egypt and selected emerging markets and developing economies. It uses a new data set of financial development indexes released by the International Monetary Fund. This paper uses econometric time series modelling of bivariate regressions for real growth per capita and measures of financial development to assess the relationship between financial development and economic growth in Egypt. Findings There are three specific findings based on the empirical analysis. First, there is a strong association between real growth per capita and financial development measured by money supply to GDP. Second, access to and the efficiency of banking services are not associated with real per capita income. Third, the Financial Markets Access Index – which compiles data on market capitalization outside of the top ten largest companies and the number of corporate issuers of debt – indicates a robust association with real per capita GDP. Originality/value The paper uses advanced empirical investigation techniques and new data sets available to assess the critical relationship between finance and growth in Egypt. The main policy implications of the empirical results of this paper suggest a stronger focus on promoting a more proactive role for the financial services industry in Egypt. In particular, there is a critical role for bank financing to support the private sector to maintain an inclusive growth momentum. Further development of the capital market will promote sustainability of such economic growth.

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Akl, Ahmed, Ben Lomatayo, and Oluseyi Ademola Adejum. "The evolution of artificial intelligence (AI) in nephrology: advantages and disadvantages." Urology & Nephrology Open Access Journal 11, no. 3 (October 23, 2023): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/unoaj.2023.11.00341.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a new tool to help save lives, treat diseases, and conduct research. The first artificial intelligence research in the field of nephrology came from Egypt, Africa, and it was directed to predict and adjust the quality of hemodialysis sessions for patients even before they started the session, which saved time and money. Similarly, the application of AI in the field of transplantation comparing the accuracy of AI with multivariate statistics in the prediction of graft survival was done in Egypt. With advances in digital networking and the global spread of the internet, applications of AI have been expanded and now involve the field of research. AI can now start a research project, write a review article, and even plan a research design. In this paper, we discuss how AI can be used in various fields of nephrology, emphasizing the benefits over the drawbacks.

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Jawid, Raed Fadel. "Study of Using Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Performance of Financial Markets." Journal of Cases on Information Technology 24, no. 2 (April 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jcit.20220401.oa4.

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In an attempt to revive the stock market in Egypt and revitalize it to fulfill its developmental role, the Egyptian government has pursued a program of economic and financial reform aimed at improving the regulatory environment for the work of that market and removing all restrictions on foreign exchange transactions for foreign investors on the Egyptian Stock Exchange, so this program allowed free movement of entry and exit of the heads Money without any restrictions. Despite differing opinions about the freedom of movement of capital, however

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Zohry, Ayman. "Monetary and non-monetary remittances of Egyptians abroad." Remittances Review 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.33182/rr.v2i1.435.

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Migrants remit money, goods and commodities, as well as ideas and behaviors that affect sending countries, positively or negatively. It is not enough to study and track the flow of monetary remittances, which we admit its importance, but they also should give more attention to the study of the impact of socio-cultural remittances which may play an important role, negative or positive, in reshaping societies. This study aims at exploring both types of remittances, monetary and non-monetary remittances, and assesses their impact on Egypt.

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Abd El-Aal, Mohamed F. "Analysis Factors Affecting Egyptian Inflation Based on Machine Learning Algorithms." Data Science in Finance and Economics 3, no. 3 (2023): 285–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/dsfe.2023017.

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<abstract><p>Given that inflation is one of the most important problems facing the Egyptian economy, determining the factors affecting it is very important. Thus, we aim to use machine learning algorithms like Support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), Random Forest (R.F.), Neural Network (ANN), Gradient boosting (G.B.) and decision tree (D.T.) to determine the accurate algorithm and analyze the factors affecting on Egypt inflation. The study found that the G.B. algorithm is the most accurate among the used algorithms and showed that The major significant variables determining inflation in Egypt are the exchange rate (30.5%), gross fixed formation (24.5%) and government expenditure (12.3%). We also found a positive relationship between the inflation rate and government expenditure, money supply, gross domestic product (GDP) growth, gross fixed formation, foreign direct investment, GDP per capita and exchange rate. Furthermore, there is a negative relationship between the inflation rate, household expenditure and the external trade balance.</p></abstract>

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Abonazel, Mohamed R., Abanoub M. Shafik, and Suzan Abdel-Rahman. "Investigating the Dynamic Relationship between Exchange Rate and Trade Balance in Egypt: ARDL Bounds Testing Approach." International Journal of Applied Mathematics, Computational Science and Systems Engineering 5 (July 10, 2023): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37394/232026.2023.5.6.

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Exchange rate policies are among the most important economic tools in the country for their impact on the balance of payments in general and the balance of trade. This study used the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to estimate the long-term relationship between the exchange rate and the trade balance deficit while clarifying the impact of potential determinants during the period 1990 to 2021 in Egypt. The data for trade balance and its economic determinants (exchange rate, foreign direct investment, and money supply) was obtained from the World Bank. The results indicated that the best model was ARDL (2,1,2,3). The exchange rate is found to have a significant negative effect on the trade balance, confirming the perceptions of the economic theory. The money supply is positively and significantly related to the trade balance while there is no significant effect of foreign direct investment in the long term on the trade balance deficit. Economic adjustments between the four variables occur in the short run (after about 14 months only). The study recommends continuing the policy of liberalizing the exchange rate while working on expanding the production base to increase exports.

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Al-Obaidi, Anas Abdel-Khaleq Ayed, and Hassan Namis Sarhan Jabr Al-Azzawi. "The Political Situation in Yemen 1962 - 1967 AD." Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities 29, no. 8, 2 (August 24, 2022): 212–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jtuh.29.8.2.2022.12.

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Yemen witnessed a kind of openness to the outside world after the revolution of 1948 AD and the coup of 1955 AD in Taiz, and Yemenis became aware of the political, economic and social conditions, but Imam Ahmed deceived the people by trying to respond to the people’s demands to form a government of his followers. Mahmoud al-Numan and his colleague Muhammad Mahmoud al-Zubayri were against the republic and Imam Ahmad rebelled against the republic of Egypt. The opposition took advantage of the dispute and asked for help from Egypt. The major countries did not want to change Yemen according to their interests. The Egyptian position was positive for the revolution, but the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia was against the republicans and the Imam paid the money to the border tribes to support him. America asked Israel to strike the Egyptian forces, and America’s position was characterized by duplicity, as it supports the monarchy on the one hand and recognizes the revolution on the other hand, for the purpose of weakening it from within. The aggression on Egypt was considered as page of the past, openness to the world, working to improve the economic situation and stabilizing the country Ed and support the production process and achieve the demands of the people.

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Esawe, Ahmed Taher. "Investigating the Dynamic Relationship Between Social Distancing Restrictions and the Adoption of Mobile Money Services in the Middle East: A Panel Data Analysis." Paradigm: A Management Research Journal 26, no. 2 (August 3, 2022): 155–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09718907221112597.

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This article aims to investigate how social distancing restrictions can be a potential factor to effect on the adoption of mobile money services (MMS) using panel data from seven countries in the Middle East (Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Morocco, Palestinian territories, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates) during the period from January to December 2020. Employing panel data analysis, the author uses various measures from the global mobile money dataset GSMA and Google Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Community Mobility Reports. The findings reveal that the social distancing restrictions have begun to play an essential part in the shift to cashless payment due to the epidemic and influence the adoption and use of MMS. The results also suggest that the social distancing restrictions affect consumer adoption of MMS and indirectly affect retailers. Unlike prevailing studies, this study is unique in empirically investigating the association between COVID-19 community mobility and MMS adoption. This study contributes to financial studies on MMS adoption under extreme settings.

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Elyachar, J. "Empowerment Money: The World Bank, Non-Governmental Organizations, and the Value of Culture in Egypt." Public Culture 14, no. 3 (October 1, 2002): 493–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/08992363-14-3-493.

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Deme, Mamit, and Bichaka Fayissa. "Inflation, money, interest rate, exchange rate, and casuality: the case of Egypt, Morocco, and Tunisia." Applied Economics 27, no. 12 (December 1995): 1219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036849500000104.

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Kineber, Ahmed Farouk, Idris Othman, Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke, Nicholas Chileshe, and Badr Alsolami. "Critical Value Management Activities in Building Projects: A Case of Egypt." Buildings 10, no. 12 (December 12, 2020): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings10120239.

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Value management (VM) is one of the principles adopted by stakeholders to manage issues in the building industry. This paper aims to examine VM diffusion between residential building entities in the Egyptian residential building industry. This research was confined to the Cairo and Giza regions, with enough residential building experience from clients, consultants, and contractors. A quantitative questionnaire survey was generated to find answers from those active in the residential building industry. The results show that although VM’s most widely practiced activities in the Egyptian construction industry are only information phase activities, professionals in Egyptian building projects agreed that all VM activities are important. The results also demonstrated that there is a significant positive correlation among VM phases. The results constitute activities for the adoption of VMs in Egypt. Its guidelines will dramatically enhance the implementation of VMs both in Egypt and in other developing countries where similar projects are conducted. Finally, this research strengthens the residential building industry’s present management by enhancing VM tools and elements to generate value for money.

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Shahin, Ayman Aly. "Sachfahndung nach einem Raubmord in Saqāwa." Der Islam 98, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/islam-2021-0007.

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Abstract This article presents the edition of a late 3rd/9th- or early 4th/10th-century search warrant for stolen goods (P.Cair.EgLib.inv. 536v). The scribe reports that two black men (aswadayn) were traveling on two donkeys, one of which was also loaded with a saddlebag of money, jewellery and clothes. Upon reaching the Upper Egyptian village of Saqāwa, the two black men were assaulted and murdered, and the goods and donkeys stolen. This document corroborates descriptions in historical works of frequent rebel attacks in various regions of Egypt in the 3rd/9th and 4rd/10th centuries.

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Iovine, Giulio, and Ornella Salati. "Die Geschäfte des Herrn Julius Caesar. A survey of the first century BC – third century ad Latin and Latin-Greek documents referring to Roman citizens and their business in Egypt." Journal of Juristic Papyrology, no. 50 (August 2, 2021): 168–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.36389/uw.jjurp.50.2020.pp.168-198.

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The paper provides an updated and annotated list of Latin and bilingual Latin-Greek papyri from the first century bc to the early third century ad – including very recently published and still unpublished – that refer to the lives and businesses of Roman citizens in Egypt. It also covers documents connected with the Roman army, that is produced in military officia to be specifically used by soldiers (acknowledgments of debt, receipts of money etc.). They are connected not with the army life, but with the life outside the barracks, among tradesmen, merchants, and (from the second century ad onwards) in the milieu of veterans.

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Cantasano, Nicola. "Marine Pollution by Microplastics in the Mediterranean Sea." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10070858.

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Worldwide, plastic debris is becoming a great environmental problem, with potentially negative effects also on human health, although currently the topic is highly debated in the scientific community. In the basin, microplastics come mainly from three coastal regions, namely Egypt, Turkey and Italy, in decreasing order. Today, the knowledge about the possible interactions of microplastics in the biotic system is unclear and huge efforts are required to discover their effects on human health. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the production and use of plastics by investing money in research planning and strengthening any kind of human efforts to solve this new kind of marine pollution.

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Soliman, Ranin, Nourhan Tarek, Sandra Samir, Shimaa Okail, Wael Eweida, and Sherif Abouelnaga. "Establishing a health economics and value unit at the Children’s Cancer Hospital–Egypt: Introducing a practical approach for evidence-based decision making." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e18859-e18859. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e18859.

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e18859 Background: Health Economics is a multi-disciplinary practice that recently gained recognition in healthcare management systems. Value-based healthcare (VBHC) focuses on improving patient outcomes while using fewer healthcare resources. Integrating the principles of health economics and VBHC are essential to better inform decision-making based on evidence, especially in resource-limited settings, that need ultimate efficiency in managing resources. Egypt has the highest second estimated number of incident childhood cancer cases in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), based on GLOBOCAN 2020. Thus, childhood cancer in Egypt is an urging priority due to the large number of patients, limited resources, and poor outcomes. There is a need to optimize resource use and promote value in care delivery for childhood cancer care in Egypt, based on real-world evidence. Methods: This work aims to highlight the role of establishing a health economics and value (HEV) unit at the Children’s Cancer Hospital 57357 –Egypt (CCHE), to improve care and outcomes for children with cancer efficiently. CCHE is a not-for profit pediatric oncology center, treating around 50–60% of childhood cancers across Egypt free of charge. Results: The HEV unit was established in 2017 as a sub-function of the upper management at the hospital. The core mission of the unit is to translate health economics and VBHC concepts into practice to promote evidence-based decision-making, through applying the following functions and activities: monitoring trends in childhood cancer survival, resource use, and costs; applying health economic evaluation tools such as cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) and multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA); applying time-driven activity based costing (TDABC); implementing VBHC on a disease- and a hospital-level; monitoring costs and benchmarking. Some of these functions/activities reflect on operational processes such as integrating the CEA tools within the hospital procedures to maximize value of money spent; and restructuring hospital-wide cost centers for accurate costs reporting. Capacity building is also an important pillar in the unit’s framework, where the unit team conducts internal and external training sessions and workshops to spread the knowledge about health economics, VBHC, and evidence-based healthcare. Conclusions: The HEV unit at CCHE presents a unique model of applying health economics and value-based healthcare at a micro level in a pediatric oncology center in Egypt. This is a novel approach for healthcare management in Egypt and making informed decisions based on real-world evidence.

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Crecelius, Daniel, and Gotcha Djaparidze. "RELATIONS OF THE GEORGIAN MAMLUKS OF EGYPT WITH THEIR HOMELAND IN THE LAST DECADES OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 45, no. 3 (2002): 320–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156852002320896328.

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AbstractThis study uncovers the close relations the Georgian mamluks of Egypt maintained with their homeland in the late eighteenth century. On the basis of a wide range of archival and published sources, including a series of four unique letters from Ibrahim Bey al-Kabir and important members of his household, the authors conclude that these Georgian mamluks retained their native language, were aware of the politics of the Caucasus region, received frequent visits from their parents or other relatives, and sent gifts to family members or gave money to build useful structures (a defensive tower, or even a church) in their native villages. Cette étude dévoile les étroites relations que les Mamelouks géorgiens en Egypte entretenaient avec leur pays natal à la fin du 18e siècle. Se fondant sur des sources variées d'archives et de documents publiés, dont une série de quatre lettres exceptionnelles d'Ibrahim Bey al-Kabir et d'importants membres de sa maison, les auteurs établissent que les Mamelouks géorgiens avaient conservé leur langue maternelle et étaient au courant de la politique dans la région du Caucase. Ils révèlent que leurs parents et d'autres membres de la famille leur rendaient souvent visite et qu'ils envoyaient des cadeaux à leurs familles ou des sommes d'argent pour édifier des bâtiments d'utilité publique (une tour de défense voire une église) dans leurs villages natals.

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Muhtadi, Ridan, Safarinda Imani, and Hendri Husein Winari. "Al-Magrizi Inflation Theory of Islamic Monetary Policy ‎Implementation in Indonesia." International Journal of Islamic Economics 2, no. 02 (January 8, 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/ijie.v2i02.2097.

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During the time of Imam al-Magrizi (766-845 H), inflation had occurred in Egypt. Al-Magrizi shows about the theory of inflation. Inflation becomes a discourse that studied heavily in the subject of the economy. Al-Magrizi is an Islamic economic thought who did a particular study of money and inflation. The paper focused on al-Magrizi inflation theory caused by two factors, namely natural factors and human error factors. To solve these factors, a nation could apply Islamic monetary policy to Umar Chapra's thought, namely a credit-oriented (financing) location as a solution of natural factor theory. Also, moral suasion or moral appeals as a solution to the human factor inflation theory.

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Muhtadi, Ridan, Safarinda Imani, and Hendri Husein Winari. "Al-Magrizi Inflation Theory of Islamic Monetary Policy ‎Implementation in Indonesia." International Journal of Islamic Economics 2, no. 02 (January 8, 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/ijie.v2i02.2097.

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During the time of Imam al-Magrizi (766-845 H), inflation had occurred in Egypt. Al-Magrizi shows about the theory of inflation. Inflation becomes a discourse that studied heavily in the subject of the economy. Al-Magrizi is an Islamic economic thought who did a particular study of money and inflation. The paper focused on al-Magrizi inflation theory caused by two factors, namely natural factors and human error factors. To solve these factors, a nation could apply Islamic monetary policy to Umar Chapra's thought, namely a credit-oriented (financing) location as a solution of natural factor theory. Also, moral suasion or moral appeals as a solution to the human factor inflation theory.

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Muhtadi, Ridan, and Safarinda Imani. "Al-Magrizi Inflation Theory Of Islamic Monetary Policy Implementation In Indonesia." International Journal of Islamic Economics 2, no. 2 (January 19, 2021): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.32332/ijie.v2i2.2097.

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During the time of Imam al-Magrizi (766-845 H), inflation had occurred in Egypt. Al-Magrizi shows about the theory of inflation. Inflation becomes a discourse that studied heavily in the subject of the economy. Al-Magrizi is an Islamic economic thought who did a particular study of money and inflation. The paper focused on al-Magrizi inflation theory caused by two factors, namely natural factors and human error factors. To solve these factors, a nation could apply Islamic monetary policy to Umar Chapra's thought, namely a credit-oriented (financing) location as a solution of natural factor theory. Also, moral suasion or moral appeals as a solution to the human factor inflation theory.

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49

Mustofa, Mustofa, and Manshur Idris. "AL-KHULUW (KOMPENSASI PELEPASAN HAK) ANTARA TEORI, PRAKTIK, DAN SOLUSI EKONOMI KONTEMPORER." LISAN AL-HAL: Jurnal Pengembangan Pemikiran dan Kebudayaan 12, no. 2 (December 10, 2018): 347–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.35316/lisanalhal.v12i2.159.

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Economy continues to grow rapidly especially supported by the advancement of science and technology which increasingly encourages the creation of economic practices that have never happened in the past, the distance between one country and another is getting closer, so it is possible to do transactions between countries both individually and institutionally. In the fields of trade, investment, export-import, stock exchange, leasing, buying and selling, bonds and almost all developing economic practices require answers and legal solutions for Muslims so that their implementation is in accordance with the guidelines of Islamic law, for the sake of the realization of the benefit and goodness of the world and the hereafter. Al-Khuluw (releasing rights) is one of the economic practices developed today in the lease agreement. This practice has developed in several Islamic countries, such as Egypt, Morocco, Iraq and Syria. Al-Khuluw practice is a contract in which the land owner, house or shophouse asks for a sum of money outside the rental price according to the agreement as compensation for him who has rented the place to the tenant or the owner gives money outside the rental price according to the tenant to cancel the contract in the middle the road due to certain reasons, or the first tenant rents his place to the second tenant by accepting money outside the rental price according to the agreement as compensation for the first tenant.

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Mohamed, Dr Khaled Mohamed Sadek, Omar Salman, and Ibrahim Elhenawy. "Utilizing the New Technologies For Enhancing Healthcare Tourism in Egypt." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (August 22, 2020): 352–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug097.

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This paper recognizes and identifies various new advances technologies and applications in Information Communication Technologies that gradually revolutionize the tourism industry and related business and industries. The Tourism business sector is the most aggressive and competitive business in the worldwide and one of the most complicated business sectors .The tourism industry primarily consists of businesses that provide accommodation, transformation, flight trips, attractions, food and beverage, and integrated combination of these activities. This research is focused on using the new technologies to develop healthcare tourism in Egypt by increasing the tourist awareness of healthcare tourism. This aim is achieved by using new technologies such as Big Data Analytic Technology and knowledge-based information system in order to forecast tourist’s demands, needs and requests in tourism industry sector. Any data concerning the future development of tourism flows is of extraordinary significance to hoteliers, travel agents and other industries related with tourism business. Precise prediction of traveler services needs will be coordinated for the business' activities and allotment of assets, for example, labor, money related administration, advertising the executives… and so on to accomplish adequacy of arrangement ahead of time and cost decrease. Showing that the Internet and sharp technological development have encouraged the increasing demand for tourism and using new technologies in forecasting the tourist demands and needs will naturally promote or potentiate an increase of tourism demand.

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