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Academic literature on the topic 'Money market, Great Britain, 1920'
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Journal articles on the topic "Money market, Great Britain, 1920"
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Kupchyk, O. "ITALY IN THE FOREIGN TRADE OF SOVIET UKRAINE, 1921-1923." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. History, no. 141 (2019): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2640.2019.141.3.
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The circumstances under which the Soviet Ukraine established trade relations with the Kingdom of Italy in the early 1920s are revealed. The contractual basis, organizational forms of trade activity of Soviet Ukraine in Italy have been clarified. Persons of sales representatives were established (V. Vorovskyi, A. Feinstein). The role of the Ukrainian SSR Trade Representation in Rome in the foreign trade activities of Soviet Ukraine is revealed. The place of the Italian market in export and import operations of Soviet Ukraine has been determined. After studying national historiography, it was found that the trade relations of the Ukrainian SSR in the early 1920s with the Kingdom of Italy were not the subject of scientific study in contemporary Ukrainian historians. In turn, it was found that in trying to forge trade relations with Italy, the Ukrainian adviser noted that she sought to rebuild the international influence, lost after the First World War through Great Britain and France. It was informed that after the conclusion of the Preliminary Trade Agreement on December 26, 1921, Soviet Ukraine and Italy exchanged trade representatives. The duties of Soviet Ukraine’s sales representative in Italy were first performed by Russian Trade Representative V. Vorovskyi and then by Russian Trade Representative A. Feinstein. There were 5 people employed in the Ukrainian SSR’s sales office in Italy. They thoroughly explored the Italian markets (Genoa, Milan, Roman). The article shows the interest of Italian traders in Ukrainian timber, coal, scrap metal, linen cake. It is noted that the sales representatives of Soviet Ukraine initially studied the possibility of selling on the Italian market of guts, skin, horse hair, wool. They then explored the possibility of selling cattle, wheat, barley, corn, caustic soda and soda ash. It was noted that together with Russian and Italian traders the Russian-Italian Trading Company was created, which had the task not only for export-import of goods, but also for obtaining concessions by the Italian entrepreneurs in Ukraine. It has been reported that Italian workers sent food aid (sowing grain) to Ukraine for the money raised.
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Nolutshungu, Sam C. "Beyond the gold standard?: the idea of a (post-apartheid) university." Journal of Modern African Studies 37, no. 3 (September 1999): 373–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x99003080.
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We cannot do better than Marcello Cecco's (1984: 1) concise definition of an international gold standard: it exists ‘when gold is the effective numeraire in most countries, and/or when the other means of payment used as monetary numeraire in those countries are readily redeemable in gold at their bearers' request’. Such a standard existed from the mid-1890s to 1914, even though Britain went on the gold standard much earlier than that, in 1816, and Germany a little over a half century later, in 1871. The Latin Union in Europe (France, Belgium, Switzerland and Italy) did not join effectively until 1900 (Mertens 1994). Many claims were, and are still made for the system: that it facilitated international trade by providing a uniform standard of value; and as an automatic adjustment system, it freed markets from the (nationalistic) interference of public authorities while it created price equalisation in traded goods and ensured, over a protracted period, price stability.The ‘Gold Standard’ in the title of this talk refers to the ‘academic gold standard’ invoked by Lord Ashby (1964; see also Austin 1980), one time Master of Clare College, Cambridge, a British educationist who was deeply involved with the development of universities in the later years of colonial rule in British West Africa. Although the University of the Witwatersrand and the city of Johannesburg owe a great deal to the gold industry, my talk is not about money or the metal's place in it. It is about the metaphorical ‘academic gold standard’.
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Khamidah, Wanda, and Retno Sugiharti. "Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Nilai Tukar Rupiah Terhadap Dolar Amerika, Euro dan Poundsterling." Ecoplan 5, no. 1 (April 29, 2022): 40–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/ecoplan.v5i1.425.
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The currency exchange rate is a macro indicator that reflects the strength of the economy as a result of the global economy. With the existence of currency exchange rates, it can facilitate international trade transactions with currency agreements that will be used by the two countries. The exchange rate system used in Indonesia is a free-floating exchange rate system since 1997, all of which are left to the market. This study aims to analyze the effect of the money supply, inflation and foreign exchange reserves on the rupiah exchange rate of against the US dollar (USD), euro (EUR), and pound sterling or Great Britain Pound (GBP). The ECM (Error Correction Model) the analysis method is the method used in this study. The results of the research that has been carried out are both in the long term and in the low term, the money supply, inflation and foreign exchange reserves have a significant influence on the exchange rate of the rupiah against the US dollar (IDR/USD). The money supply and foreign exchange reserves and in the short term have a significant effect on the rupiah exchange rate against the euro (IDR/EUR), while only the money supply in the long term has a significant effect on the rupiah exchange rate in the euro (IDR/EUR). Foreign exchange reserves in the short term have a significant effect on the rupiah exchange rate against the pound sterling (IDR/GBP), while only the money supply in a long term has a significant effect on the rupiah exchange rate against the pound sterling (IDR/GBP).
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Naturkach, R. P. "The purpose and instruments of the monetary policy of the central banks of the EU member states and Great Britain, their legal basis." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 1, no. 82 (May 16, 2024): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2024.82.1.34.
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The scientific article is devoted to the study of the purpose of the monetary policy of the central banks of the EU member states and Great Britain, its instruments and legal acts, in which they are fixed. The legislation of the member countries of the European Union (Germany, France, Spain, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary) and Great Britain, modern approaches in the science of constitutional and administrative law regarding the definition of the goal of the monetary policy of the central banks of the member countries of the EU, and the range of its instruments are analyzed. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the purpose and functions of national banks are interrelated, but not identical. The concept of the goal of the monetary policy of the Central Banks of the EU member states, the activities and instruments of the monetary policy, the functions of the central bank of the EU member states are delineated. It is argued that reducing the purpose of the activities of the central banks of EU member states and Great Britain exclusively to the implementation of legal regulation of currency circulation in the state and that the main purpose of the central banks of such EU member states as the Czech Republic, Poland, and Hungary is purely to ensure the stability of the currency - is not justified. It is argued that the main joint functions of the central banks of Germany, France, Spain, Poland, the Czech Republic, Hungary and Great Britain are to ensure the stability of the monetary unit, to promote the maintenance of sustainable rates of economic growth, to achieve and maintain price stability in the state, and to support economic policy. It is established that the goal of the monetary policy of the central banks of the EU member states is to ensure price stability, and it is additionally substantiated that the inflationary inclination of the financial policy is the most effective. It was established that the accounting policy, the interest rate policy, and the regulation of mandatory reserve norms, the volume of the money supply, operations on the open market and operations with credit resources, the amount of interest rates, interest rates of the mandatory reserve of banks are not the purpose of monetary and credit policies, instruments of monetary policy of the central banks of EU member states and Great Britain.
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Perminov, S. B. "Problems of the Development of Trust Management in the Conditions of the Modern Global Financial Market." Business Inform 9, no. 524 (2021): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.32983/2222-4459-2021-9-196-201.
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The article examines the key problems of the development of the trust management market at the present stage of the formation of the global market. All problems are identified within the framework of the main trends in the development of the financial market, which is associated with the complication of its subject structure, changes in the structure of instruments. In addition, the market is actively expanding due to the introduction of intermediaries and social media as specific market players. The active digitalization of economic activity leads to the formation of new industries, including the need to form a cyber security system. New rules for the functioning of the trust management market require the development of appropriate regulatory support for the functioning of the market and the formation of global value chains. A problematic issue is also the awareness of new clients with trust management services, the rules of the market functioning. It is worth considering the processes of global offshorization, which determines the key directions of normative regulation both in the global market and its regional adaptation. In this regard, the paper discusses the features of the development of regulatory support for the functioning of the financial market in general, as well as the market of trust operations in particular in modern conditions, with examples of the implementation of this conception in certain highly developed countries (United States of America, Great Britain, etc.) taking into account the requirements of international organizations to ensure and regulate these markets in order to counter money laundering, tax evasion, and concealment of the tax base. In addition, the article proposes some options for minimizing the negative consequences of key problems in the development of the trust management market or minimizing the associated risks.
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Pribicevic, Ognjen. "British diplomacy of money and trade." Medjunarodni problemi 71, no. 2 (2019): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1902137p.
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Leaving the EU is one of the major political decisions made in the UK over the past half-century. Brexit brought about a virtual political earthquake not only in EU-UK relations but also in terms of UK future place and role on the international scene. Immediately after the decision of UK citizens to leave the EU at a referendum held on 23 June 2016, the question arose as to whether the UK will lose some of its international influence, whether Scotland will remain part of the Union, whether the UK will retain its privileged relations and special status with the USA, and what its future relations with the EU will be. The purpose of this article is to point to the basic priorities of the contemporary British foreign policy as well as to place and role of the UK on the contemporary international scene particularly in view of its decision to leave the EU. We shall first try to define the status of present-day Britain in international relations. Second, we shall address the traditional dilemma of the UK foreign policy - what should be given priority - relations with the USA, Europe or the Commonwealth? After that, we shall discuss in more detail the phases the UK foreign policy went through following the end of the cold war. In the third phase, we shall analyze the British contemporary foreign and economic policy towards Gulf countries and China. In the fourth part of the article, we shall discuss relations with the USA. It should be pointed out that the article does not seek to analyze all aspects of British foreign policy, even if we wanted to, due to a shortage of time. Of course, the topic of Brexit will be present in all chapters and especially in the last one and conclusion remarks. By its decision to leave the EU, the UK appears to have given priority to its relations with the USA, China, Gulf countries as well as Commonwealth countries instead of the EU which has been economically and politically dominant over the past few decades. This decision taken by UK citizens will no doubt have a great impact not only on their personal lives and standard of living but on the UK role in international relations. Despite its military, political, economic and cultural capacities, it is highly unlikely that the UK will manage to overcome the consequences of an exit from the single market, currently generating 18 trillion dollars on an annual basis as well as the loss of a privileged partner role with the USA within the Union. We are, therefore, more likely to believe that in the foreseeable future, the role of the UK on the international scene will continue to decline and be increasingly focused on its economic and financial interests. Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. III 47010: Drustvene transformacije u procesu evropskih integracija - multidisciplinarni pristup]
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DePrince, Jr, Albert, and Pamela Morris. "Transmission of Shocks to LIBOR Risk Spreads and Nominal Risk-Free Rates." Journal of Finance Issues 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.58886/jfi.v10i1.2322.
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In this study, effects of shocks to international money market conditions, as measured by the three-month London Interbank Offer Rates (LIBOR) for five financially integrated economies (United States, the euro zone countries, Great Britain, Japan, and Canada) are examined. The sample period runs from January 4, 1999, through December 31, 2010. A fiveequation vector autoregressive (VAR) model is developed using daily risk spreads between each country’s LIBOR and its nominal risk-free rate. Also, effects of the risk spreads on the respective nominal risk-free rates are identified in a separate VAR system. Based on the risk-spread VAR, effects of exogenous shocks are examined. Single-country impulse tests show that the feedthrough effects on the other countries are surprisingly limited for these integrated countries. Only when a shock is applied concurrently to all five risk spreads can effects on the magnitude noted in 2008 and 2009 be replicated, suggesting that all LIBOR rates were affected by a contemporaneous shock. Finally, a proportion of the shock to the risk-spread feed has an inverse effect on each country’s nominal risk-free rate, reflecting the effect of the flow of funds from risky assets to safe assets in a time of increased risk and vice versa.
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Батракова, Т. І., and Я. В. Краснощок. "LEGALIZATION OF CRYPTOCURRENCY IN UKRAINE." Visnik Zaporiz kogo nacional nogo universitetu Ekonomicni nauki, no. 3 (59) (January 23, 2024): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/2414-0287-2023-3-59-12.
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The rapid development of information technologies, the globalization of the world economy, and the formation of a digital economy in Ukraine lead to the transformation of socio-economic relations. The growth of digitalization of the economy, the large-scale introduction of information technologies into all spheres of human life contribute to the emergence of new industries, one of which is the crypto industry, with the appearance of which in 2008, the money market totally changed forever. More and more markets are collapsing, while more and more regulators from different countries are busy implementing legislation regarding the legalization, use and taxation of cryptocurrencies. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of cryptocurrency legalization in Ukraine. The peculiarities of the law “ Pro virtualʹni aktyvy” and the stages of its implementation are considered. The draft law on amendments to the Tax Code of Ukraine regarding cryptocurrency taxation has been analyzed. The number of cryptocurrency users in Ukraine and other countries of the world, such as the USA, Venezuela, Kenya, North Africa, etc., was studied. The paper analyzes how countries such as Great Britain, the Netherlands, the USA, China, Japan and Canada regulate the cryptocurrency market and whether transactions with them are legalized at the legislative level. Conclusions were also made regarding the feasibility of legalizing cryptocurrency in Ukraine.So far, we have the Law, but for the final settlement of these issues, many different by-laws, instructions and documents still need to be developed. But already today it can be said that the State is dealing with the issue of cryptocurrency relations and is on the way to its settlement.
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Khantanapoka, Khammapun. "Web Intelligent for Forecasting Exchange Rate Currency using Clever Extraction Agent Combine with Financial Data Mining." International Journal of Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 15 (March 29, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.46300/9102.2021.15.1.
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From the current economic climate results in fluctuations of currency exchange rates in all countries. Since the most countries use USD as the reference exchange rate. The exchange rate will change from day to day so variety of factors which affect the exchange rate forecasting in the exchange rates in advance are critical to evaluate for the impact of the economic system of each country. It is important for investment decisions, exports, and profitability in the money market. It was reported on website (www) in the daily exchange rate changes. We use clever search agent (CSA) gather information from financial website generate to financial data mining. Kohonen Neural Networks is the method to determine similarity of internet documents using pattern index of financial document. And Ontology Structure of Sentence is the method to determine keyword using pattern index of financial content. Both are important components of Financial Data Mining. It is analyzed for exchange rate forecasting about USD/ Pounds. Our experimental forecast exchange rates for currency's USD / Great Britain Pounds by compare three algorithms as fallows GA, Meiosis Genetic Algorithms (MGA). This research propose new algorithm is called Dash Predator Swarm Optimization (DP2SO) which are accurate in prediction than other methods in generation of Genetic algorithm (GA) 35.83-41.52% which it depend on the accuracy of the information in each factor which are important finance dataset. It will present the future trends of exchange rate to the individual website.
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Komar, Nataliya. "DESTINATION CITIES OF MIGRANTS IN EUROPE: CHALLENGES AND POSSIBILITIES." Economic Analysis, no. 30(1, Part 2) (2020): 66–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.35774/econa2020.01.02.066.
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Introduction. Migration is a global phenomenon that has no borders and affects all countries without exception. Subjective and objective reasons determine migration flows in the world. More than half of the world's population lives in urban areas. Popular and attractive, with their infrastructure, dynamic labor force market, development of integration and consolidation, inclusion, countries / destination cities of migrants who are looking for a better life and more possibilities for employment and social protection. Cities meet the urgent needs of migrants and respond to amount of integration challenges. The majority of cities, which are under considerable pressure from migrants, especially refugees, are awareness that well-managed migration can bring not only challenges but also opportunities and initiatives which can benefit from the economy and society, especially in the long time period. The goal of the article is to research the European continent as a location for migrants and refugees and also to analyze challenges and opportunities for cities destination under influence of migrant’s flows. Method (methodology). The methodological basis of the article are the following general scientific and empirical methods, such as: historical, systemic, generalization method, grouping, comparative method. Results. According to the ratings, Germany (Berlin), Great Britain (London), France (Paris), Poland (Gdansk) are the most popular countries / cities for migrants in the European continent. Migrants may be a burden to the city, because in its turn mentioned one spends public money on their upkeep. At the same time, migrants may be more talented and skilled workers, less demanding than local population. That is why a government and business of destination city of migrants can cooperate effectively in order to maximize potential of immigrants in cities. The main factors which attract migrants in destination cities are economic opportunities of ones. In particular, the attractiveness of Berlin for migrants is due to the fact that the city is innovative, creative and open to thought. Apart from the city has also dynamic labor market and low labor costs. It is worth noting that the majority of developed countries have demographic issues and aging nation, while young people in developing countries look for work due to imbalances in the domestic labor market. Migration, in the following destination cities (Berlin, Athens, Paris), has made its adjustments in the field of infrastructure, education, health care, urban planning, etc. In particular, the private and public sectors combine own attempts in order to solve migration issues in the long term period.
Books on the topic "Money market, Great Britain, 1920"
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Walter, Bagehot. Lombard Street: A description of the money market : with the addition of The currency monopoly. Philadelphia, PA: Orion Editions, 1991.
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David, Winstone, and Bentley Patrick, eds. UK financial institutions and markets. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1991.
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Literature, money, and the market: From Trollope to Amis. Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire: Palgrave, 2002.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Money market, Great Britain, 1920"
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Galbraith, John Kenneth, and James K. Galbraith. "The Self-Inflicted Wounds." In Money. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691171661.003.0013.
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This chapter examines the negative consequences of Britain's return to the gold standard in 1925 and the stock market speculation in the United States in the late 1920s. In Britain, as elsewhere, prices fell in 1920 and 1921 as the wartime shortages were overcome, the budget was brought back under control, and the boom came to an end. Unemployment, which had been negligible in the preceding years, rose to 12.6 percent of the labor force in 1921. The chapter considers Winston Churchill's justification of Britain's decision to restore the pound to its prewar gold content of 123.27 grains of fine gold, its old exchange rate of $4.87, John Maynard Keynes's case against Churchill, and the stock market crash of October 1929 in the United States after the Federal Reserve Board had issued a warning against banks's use of Federal Reserve funds to finance speculation.
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Stedman Jones, Daniel. "The Legacy of Transatlantic Neoliberalism." In Masters of the Universe. Princeton University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691161013.003.0009.
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This concluding chapter reviews how neoliberalism transformed British, American, and global politics. At the dawn of the twenty-first century, the triumph of the free market was almost universally accepted by mainstream politicians, public officials, and civil servants. More importantly, the distinctive neoliberal brand of free market individualism had prevailed over alternative forms of managed market-based capitalism. Transatlantic neoliberal politics successfully transformed the commonsense assumptions of policymakers in Great Britain and the United States when confronted with social and economic problems, especially in the years after Margaret Thatcher left office. Value for money is effectively delivered through the discipline of the market to satisfy consumer wants. An equilibrium is achieved through the price mechanism, guiding the activities of disparate sellers and producers.
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Shirley, Ian, Peggy Koopman-Boyden Ian Pool, and St John. "Introduction: Themes in the American Tradition." In Family Change and Family Policies in Great Britain, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States, 307–11. Oxford University PressOxford, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198290254.003.0020.
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Abstract The United States has no explicit national, comprehensive family or child policy, nor has there been any such policy or cluster of policies in the past. Nonetheless, over the past century, even as European welfare states were being shaped, the US too developed many of the institutional supports and commitments to what in Europe would be called a welfare state (or in Germany, a social market). Among these, from time to time, were measures directed at children or families with children. These enactments were in considerable part concentrated in several ‘bursts’ during periods of reform: the Progressive Era (approximately 1895-1920), the New Deal and its aftermaths (1932-54), the War on Poverty and the Great Society (1960–74). A hundred years after the Progressive Era, at the beginning of the Clinton Administration, there were new child and family initiatives, but by the middle of his term a wave of conservative reaction had begun to dismantle a sixty-year history of increasing social entitlements.
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Mcdowell, R. B. "Intellectual and religious life." In Ireland In The Age Of Imperialism And Revolution 1760-1801, 141–206. Oxford University PressOxford, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198221678.003.0003.
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Abstract During the eighteenth century Ireland could be taken as forming part of the British cultural, intellectual and social world. At the same time the Irish catholics had many links with continental catholicism and the bulk of the country people in the south and. west still spoke Irish and cherished remnants of Gaelic culture. Contacts between Great Britain and Ireland were numerous and multifarious. A number of landowners had estates in both islands. Lord lieutenants and chief secretaries formed long-lasting Irish friendships. Great Britain was Ireland’s principal market, by the close of the eighteenth century taking about 80 per cent of Ireland’s exports. Great Britain was also the source of about 70 per cent of Ireland’s imports, supplying Ireland with British manufactures, coal and the products of the East. By the eighteenth century the flow of emigration from Ireland to Great Britain had begun. Irish labourers went over to assist with the English harvest and, according to Castlereagh, it was the money earned on these annual expeditions which enabled the emigrants to pay their rent. Towards the close of the century Irish harvesters were to be found as far as Lincolnshire, where the presence of the ‘poor Irish’ stirred up organized hostility amongst local labour.