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Journal articles on the topic 'Mongolian and Chinese'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 July 2025

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1

Khereid Jamsran, Urangua, and Polyanskayа Oksana N. "Chinese Workers in the History of the Mongolian People’s Republic in the 1950s–1960s: Cooperation, Politics, Ideology." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 6 (2021): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-6-8-19.

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The article is devoted to one of the historic periods of Mongolia of the 20th century, when the Mongolian People’s Republic built the foundations of a socialist society, and key modernization processes took place with the support of the Soviet Union. The economic component of Soviet-Mongolian relations was dominant at that time. However, the assistance from the People’s Republic of China played a definitely important role in the economic development and formation of modern Mongolian society. Labour constraint was one of the main difficulties in promoting industrial economy in Mongolia. The stu

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2

Batunaev, Eduard V. "The «Mongolian Question» in Soviet-Chinese Relations (1921-1925)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 29, no. 1 (2023): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-1-57-61.

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The article deals with the problematic and key issues of Soviet-Chinese relations related to the formalization of the legal status of Mongolia, which was called the “Mongolian questionˮ. The “Mongolian questionˮ was a stumbling block in Soviet-Chinese relations, since de jure Mongolia was part of the Republic of China, and de facto it had all the features of an independent state. The solution of the “Mongolian questionˮ lay in the plane of a revolutionary ideological and diplomatic nature, where Mongolia was given an important place as a transit corridor in promoting the ideas of the world rev

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3

Kuras, Leonid V., та Bazar D. Tsybenov. "От Уполномоченного императорского российского правительства в Монголии И. Я. Коростовца до Уполномоченного НКИД РСФСР в Монголии О. И. Макстенека: к 100-летию российско-монгольских дипломатических отношений". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 13, № 2 (2021): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-2-351-365.

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Introduction. An urgent issue of Mongolian studies today is the role of Russian-Mongolian diplomatic relations in promoting the statehood of Mongolia in the first quarter of the twentieth century. The revolutionalry movement in Inner Asia, in particular, and the social-political history of modern Mongolia, in general, are closely associated with the efforts of Russian diplomacy and, especially, with a number of diplomats who greatly contributed to the promotion of Mongolian direction of the Russian politics in the East. The aim of the present article is the study of the activities of Russian d

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4

Borjigin, Huhbator. "The History and the Political Character of the Name of ‘Nei Menggu’ (Inner Mongolia)." Inner Asia 6, no. 1 (2004): 61–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481704793647207.

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AbstractAfter the independence of ‘Outer Mongolia’ in 1911, and especially after the founding of the Mongolian People's Republic in 1924, ‘Outer Mongolia’ (Wai Menggu in Chinese or Gadaad Mongol and Ar Mongol in Mongolian) became a historical term. Inner Mongolia, on the other hand, became the focal point of the so–called ‘Mongolian problem’, and its name Nei Menggu (C) or Dotood Mongol (M) remained sinocentric, denoting direct rule as it did in the Qing geographical– administrative demarcation of the Mongols. The question of naming Inner Mongolia in both Chinese and Mongolian has thus become

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Puthuval, Sarala. "Stages of language shift in twentieth-century Inner Mongolia." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 2 (June 12, 2017): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v2i0.4083.

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Mongolian as a minority language in China is losing speakers, although several million remain in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The case of 20th-century Inner Mongolia is an example of the long-term processes that may precede language endangerment. This paper takes Fishman’s (1991) notion of language shift as a decline in intergenerational mother tongue transmission and formalizes it for quantitative research, applying the methodology to a retrospective survey of intergenerational language transmission concerning over 600 Inner Mongolians born between 1922 and 2007. Results show tha

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6

Meng, Gencang. "The Chinese Scholarship on Mongolia and Its Development Trend." Mongolian Journal of International Affairs 24 (January 22, 2024): 88–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v24i1.3312.

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Since the normalization of the relationship between China and Mongolia in the early 1990s, the Chinese academia has conducted a multi-angle research on Mongolia’s political and economic transformation, foreign policy, and social culture. Especially on the contents of the Belt and Road, since the President of China proposed the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor in 2014, Chinese universities and research institutions have successively established the Mongolia Research Centers and related research institutions, dedicated to research on the corridor construction, Sino-Mongolian strategic dev

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7

B, Odgerel, and Badmaanyambuu D. "A comparative study of the Mongolian translation of the Chinese sentence with “Bei”." Translation Studies 11, no. 1 (2023): 219–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/ts20230122.

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In order to clarify how “Bei” Sentence in modern Chinese appears in Mongolian, the study of “Bei” Sentences in Chinese, the structure of the sentence, its study in Mongolia, examples of translation and how Bei-Sentences appear in Mongolian are described. "The Dream of the Red Chambe" by Cao Xueqin of Chinese classical literary work and nine sentences out of forty-five sentences included in M.Chimedtseye's “Hot Pot” were selected according to the summary structure of the sentence with “Bei” and how it is expressed in Mongolian with Chinese and Mongolian translations is a parallel study of the r

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8

Haoribao, Enke, Yoshinori Natsume, and Shinichi Hamada. "Arrangement Plan of Inner Mongolia Buddhist Temple." ATHENS JOURNAL OF ARCHITECTURE 8, no. 1 (2022): 67–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/aja.8-1-4.

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Since BC, the construction of cities has been started in the Mongolian Plateau with the establishment of dynasties, but many were turned into ruins. However, the Tibetan Buddhist temples built after the 16th century, which are an indispensable element in the process of settling the Mongolians from nomadic life, have been relatively well preserved in Inner Mongolia. These temples have been thought to be the epitome of the Mongolian economy, culture, art, and construction technology. Therefore, it has a great significance to research them systematically. Interestingly, these temples in Mongolia

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9

Bayar, Nasan. "Nation-building, Ethnicity and Natural Resources." Inner Asia 16, no. 2 (2014): 377–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340024.

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The Mongolian economy has grown rapidly in recent years, thanks to a mining sector based on abundant resources like coal, copper, and gold. The mining boom has been stimulated by Mongolia’s energy-hungry southern neighbour China, which plays a significant role, not only through importing natural resources but also through capital investment in the growing economy. In recent decades some inland port towns, such as Chehee/Shiveehüree and Ganchmod/Gashuunsukhait have grown up along the border between the two countries. Scenes of trucks lining up at customs posts to transport Mongolian coal to Chi

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10

Luzyanin, S.G. "The Russian-Mongolian relations and Chinese factor: modern transformations." East Asia: Facts and Analytics, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 6–15. https://doi.org/10.24412/2686-7702-2022-4-6-15.

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The article highlights modern Russian-Mongolian and Mongolian-Chinese relations in the period 2013- 2022, including political, diplomatic, trade, economic, transport, energy and humanitarian spheres, as well as the impact of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative on the interaction in the triangle “Russia – Mongolia – China”. The processes of transformation of the Russian-Mongolian relations are investigated, both before the launch of the Initiative in 2013 and after it. The author analyzes Mongolian public opinion on the Russian special military operation (SMO) in Ukrain

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Bezrukov, L. A., A. N. Fartyshev, and S. Enkh-Amgalan. "Export transportability of Mongolia and Russia-Mongolia relations in the commodity markets." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 885, no. 1 (2021): 012006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/885/1/012006.

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Abstract The commodity and geographical structure of Mongolia’s exports, dynamics and features of Mongolia’s foreign trade with Russia are considered. The tendency of weakening of foreign trade interaction of Mongolia with the Eastern regions of Russia is revealed. Using the original author’s method, an assessment of the distribution of Mongolian export goods was carried out, taking into account their transportability in sales markets and areas of remoteness. A pattern has been revealed for the export of low-transportable mineral raw materials, which is almost exclusively directed to neighbour

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12

Юэ, Жю. "Хятадын уран зохиолыг монгол хэлээр орчуулж ирсэн уламжлал". Монгол судлал 46, № 1 (2022): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/ms20224616.

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This article highlights the issues of the tradition of translating Chinese into Mongolian in certain level. In other words, Chinese literary works that have introduced Mongolia in doing so, it covers the period from the earliest times to the present, and evaluates the extent of its influence on Mongolian literature and culture.

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13

Tsybenov, Bazar D. "Языки и диалекты национальных меньшинств Хулун-Буира как объект исследования". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, № 4 (2020): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-4-615-624.

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Introduction. The article examines languages of some national minorities living in the Hulun Buir Urban District of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (PRC). The study is relevant since the Han majority subjects national minorities to strong linguistic assimilation. Timely study of the languages and dialects of this region is necessary for a comparative analysis with the languages of the Mongolic and Tungus-Manchu peoples living in Russia. Goals. The research primarily aims to examine some aspects of linguistic studies in publications of Inner Mongolia’s philologists. The work solves the fol

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14

Kuzmin, Yuriy, Irina Kozyrskaya, and Bato Tagarov. "History of Kyakhta Trade and Russian Merchants in Research Works of Zhargal Z. Tagarov (1952–2020): Commemorating the 70th Anniversary of His Birth." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 23, no. 3 (2022): 555–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2022.23(3).555-580.

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The article is dedicated to the pioneering contribution of the Irkutsk scholar, associate professor of Baikal State University, Zhargal Z. Tagarov, to the study of the Kyakhta trade phenomenon and the Russia-Mongolia-China trade relations in the XVIII–XX centuries. The Irkutsk school of Oriental and Mongolian Studies has deep scientific traditions, laid down by the first Irkutsk translators and interpreters, who conducted complex negotiations with the officials of the Qing Empire and Outer Mongolia back in the XVII century. Irkutsk, due to the geographical and historical reasons, became the pl

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15

Ogihara, Yuji. "Ethnic differences in names in China: A comparison between Chinese Mongolian and Han Chinese cultures in Inner Mongolia." F1000Research 11 (January 18, 2022): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.76837.1.

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I propose two suggestions on Stojcic et al.’s (2020) Study 3, which examined ethnic differences in individualism between Chinese Mongolian and Han Chinese cultures in China. The authors analyzed the names of all residents in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China and found that the percentages of common names among Chinese Mongolians were smaller than those among Han Chinese. The authors concluded that Chinese Mongolians are more independent than Han Chinese. However, two questions remain unanswered. First, although the authors analyzed the names of people in all age groups together and

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16

Mihranyan, A. A., and D. A. Dinets. "VECTORS OF RUSSIAN-MONGOLIAN COOPERATION." Geoeconomics of Energetics, no. 4 (February 8, 2024): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2023_24_4_55.

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The article notes the dominance of multi-vectorism in Mongolia’s foreign policy at the present stage, which is due to the complexity and contradictory nature of the geopolitical situation, as well as the expectation of increased risks of ensuring the national security of the Mongolian People’s Republic. In this regard, the authorities of the republic are strengthening cooperation with the so-called «third neighbor» (USA, Japan, South Korea, Australia, EU countries, etc.) in the hope of balancing the influence of the two main neighbors: Russia and China.In relations with China, Mongolia’s growi

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17

Chushkaeva, Zayana Igorevna. "Reflexes of Proto-Mongolian Vowels in South Mongolian Languages." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 35, no. 6 (2023): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2023-35(6)-21.

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The Mongolian languages are a language family that includes several closely related languages of Mongolia, China, Russia and Afghanistan. According to lexicostatistics, they broke up around the 5th century AD. Dagur, Shira-Yugur, Dongxiang, Bao'an, Tu (Monguor) are commonly referred to as South Mongolian languages. The South Mongolian languages, in comparison with other groups of Mongolian languages, were influenced by Chinese and Turkic languages, various historical events had an undoubted influence on them.

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18

Liu, Xiaoyuan. "The Kuomintang and the ‘Mongolian Question’ in the Chinese Civil War, 1945–1949." Inner Asia 1, no. 2 (1999): 169–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481799793648059.

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AbstractThe essay is an historical investigation of the Chinese National Government’s policy toward Inner Mongolian nationalism during the postwar years. The study reveals that the seemingly marginal ‘Mongolian question’ was actually at the core of the KMT—CCP struggle for northern and northeastern China. Through examining the government’s rigid and Chinese-centric policies and its misconceptions about the conditions of postwar Inner Mongolia, the study contends that the KMT government’s blunders in the Inner Mongolian ethno-politics were among the reasons for its loss to the Chinese Communist

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19

Kuzmin, Sergey L. "Динамика правового статуса Монголии в XX в." Desertum Magnum: studia historica Великая степь: исторические исследования, № 1 (18 грудня 2020): 58–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2712-8431-2020-9-1-58-67.

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This article is aimed at determining Mongolia’s status based on historical documents and contemporaries’ evaluation. It discusses the change in the legal status of Mongolia from the collapse of Qing Empire till the mid XX century. As it is shown, Mongolia was not part of China but was in vassal — suzerain relationship with the Manchu Dynasty of Qing Empire. Qing ‘new policy’ of Chinese colonization destroyed this relationship which led to national liberation movement of Mongols. Dynasty abdication and the formation of the Republic of China gave new legitimate ground for independence Mongolia.

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20

Tarantul, Roman. "The Mongolian National Factor in the PRC and Sino-Mongolian Relations." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 1 (2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120024367-4.

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The article examines the influence of the Mongolian national factor on Sino-Mongolian relations, as well as its repercussion in PRC domestic policy, primarily in the Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia. Particular attention is paid to ethno-cultural reasons and conditions that hinder the stable development of bilateral relations between China and Mongolia: the existence of world pan-Mongolian and nationalist movements, the dispute over the status of the XIV Dalai Lama, China&apos;s actions to appropriate the symbols of traditional Mongolian culture and the commercialization of Genghis Khan

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21

Mazarchuk, Anna. "Mongolian Education and Science Vocabulary." Oriental Studies 17, no. 1 (2024): 224–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-71-1-224-235.

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Introduction. The article deals with semantics and etymology of several basic terms of Mongolian culture vocabulary relating to education and science. Goals. The study shall primarily describe how the lexical layer in question was formed, and trace the sources of such borrowings. Materials and methods. The materials were collected from Mongolian-Russian and Mongolian explanatory dictionaries via continuous sampling. The identified lexemes were checked against corresponding entries to Mongolic / Turkic etymological dictionaries and bilingual dictionaries of Sanskrit, Chinese, and Tibetan. Resul

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Namsaraeva, Sayana. "Border Language." Inner Asia 16, no. 1 (2014): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340006.

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The conceptual framework of this paper is to view Mongolia as a ‘contact zone’ which geographically bridged the gap between two rapidly growing Eurasian empires—Russia and China. It allows a rethinking of the historical and social circumstances that led to the formation of Chinese Pidgin Russian (cpr)1 by highlighting the lexical and grammatical influence of the Mongolian language on contact languages in the China–Russia border area. In particular, it discusses Mongolian language in various encounters in Russian–Chinese interactions, such as the use of Mongolian as mediation language during th

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23

Bedeski, Robert E. "Mongolia in Northeast Asia: Issues of Security Survival and Diplomacy: Mongolia’s Place in Asia Today." Mongolian Journal of International Affairs, no. 12 (September 2, 2013): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v0i12.92.

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With the collapse of the Soviet Union, Mongolia lost its twentieth century protector, and has had to navigate Asian and global politics at a time when China is becoming a dominant economic and military power. Chinese economic and demographic expansion will directly impact Mongolia and the precedent of the sinification of Inner Mongolia demonstrates new challenges to the isolated Mongolian Republic. Energy imports, military security, trade opportunities and investment climate are closely affected by China, and Mongolian diplomatic efforts must take the southern giant into primary consideration.

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24

Delaplace, Gregory. "Chinese Ghosts in Mongolia." Inner Asia 12, no. 1 (2010): 127–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481710792710282.

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AbstractThis paper explores a rumour that has been circulating lately in Mongolia's capital city, Ulaanbaatar. People report encounters with Chinese ghosts, who appear in the form of long-bearded old men dressed in silken clothes. These curious apparitions are recognised by the population as the souls of Chinese merchants, who remained attached to the place where they buried the wealth they accumulated during their life. At a time when Chinese economic expansion raises concerns among the Mongolian population, these ghosts of the colonial era sound like a warning against present-day Chinese mig

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Мөнх-Эрдэнэ, Жавхлан. "Хуурч Бүрэнбаярын хуурдан хэлсэн “Гурван улсын үлгэр”-ийн эхийн харьцуулсан судалгаа". Монгол судлал 46, № 1 (2022): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/ms20224609.

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Oral tales, which are known as “tales of the fiddle” (quγur-un üliger or bengаsün-ü üliger) derived in the eastern part of Inner Mongolia, are well-inherited to this day and have been the focus of many Mongolist scholars since long ago. Although many international scholars studied the tales of the fiddle from different perspectives, there is a lack of study on lexicological components in the tales of the fiddle. In this paper, author chose the “Romance of the Three Kingdoms (in Mongolian: γurban ulus-un üliger; in Chinese:三国演义)” which was performed by Bürenbayar bard (quγurči, Lit: the fiddle

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Bezrukov, L., and A. Fartyshev. "Features of Mongolian Foreign Trade: Risks for Russia." World Economy and International Relations 66, no. 3 (2022): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2022-66-3-101-109.

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The dynamics of Mongolia’s foreign trade over the past three decades and its leading role in the country’s economic growth are revealed. In the context of a narrow specialization in the mining industry, the growth of the Mongolian economy is strongly dependent on the export of mineral raw materials, which overwhelmingly dominate in the structure of total exports. The overwhelming majority of these cargoes go to China, whose share in Mongolia’s foreign trade turnover is growing steadily since the early 1990s, while the same one of Russia is falling. The role of Siberia and the Far East in coope

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BRUUN, OLE. "Changing Inner Mongolia: Pastoral Mongolian Society and the Chinese State:Changing Inner Mongolia: Pastoral Mongolian Society and the Chinese State." American Anthropologist 106, no. 1 (2004): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2004.106.1.206.

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Zubko, Andrii. "Systems of Weight of Ancient Mongolian and Tibetan Civilizations." Ethnic History of European Nations, no. 68 (2022): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2518-1270.2022.68.12.

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Ancient Mongolian and Tibetan civilizations have appeared in the mountainous areas, steppes and deserts of a huge region of the Earth, Central Asia. Their advent was preceded by a lengthy process of developing social relationships, material and spiritual culture of various peoples who lived in those lands. In ancient times, the forebears of Mongolian and Tibetan peoples were hunters and gatherers, and later on, they began breeding livestock and as a result, adopted nomadic lifestyle. To the southeast of this region, Chinese civilization has been developing during five thousand years in the val

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D., Erdenebaatar, Ligang Zh., Wanli L., Bin L., Mijiddorj E., and Galbadrah B. "The Results of the Study of Gol Mod-2 Site by the Mongolian-Chinese Joint Archaeological Research Team." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 34, no. 3 (2022): 195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-12.

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As part of the Mongolian-Chinese joint archaeological project ‘Exploring Ancient Nomadic Culture in the North’, archaeological surveys, excavations and research activities were conducted in the Hanui River valley in the Arkhangai aimag of Mongolia from July 2017 to August 2019. Three field seasons at the Gol Mod-2 necropolis yielded rich results, which were partly published in Mongolian and Chinese scientifi c journals. In December 2019, one of the major discoveries of this collaborative project (the excavation of the Gol Mod 2 burial ground) was honoured as one of the ‘Top Ten Discoveries of

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Tuo, Jianing. "Between Colonialism and Despotism." Prism 18, no. 2 (2021): 538–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-9290712.

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Abstract The Mengjiang 蒙疆 puppet regime was established in Inner Mongolia by Japanese colonizers, in collaboration with the Mongolian Prince Demchugdongrub, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Mengjiang regime tried to revive Mongolian culture in the name of resisting Chinese despotism. However, the Japanese supported the Mongols' desire for “self-determination” merely to use it as a vehicle for their colonial designs. Through a close reading of several texts that appeared in Sinophone magazines published in Japanese-occupied Inner Mongolia during the war, this article explicates the dist

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Enkhbaatar, Batmagnai, Oguma Keisuke, Sentsui Hiroshi, et al. "Phylogenetic analysis of Mongolian sheeppox and goatpox viruses." Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences 30, no. 2 (2020): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v30i2.1485.

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Sheeppox and goatpox are caused by sheep pox virus (SPPV) and goat pox virus (GTPV), members of Capripoxvirus genus, Poxviridae family. SPPV and GTPV damage host animal’s wool and skin and reduce production of mutton and milk. Because of morbidity and mortality of the diseases, they bring huge economic burden to the country. Main goal was to compare Mongolian sheep pox, goat pox sequences with other strains that were registered in Genebank. In this study, two SPPV and two GTPV field strains from Mongolia and Perego M strain (Biocombinat SOI, Mongolia), Russian and Chinese alive vaccine s

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Chen, Juncheng. "A Comparative Study of Ethnicity Differences Reflected in Films Mongol: The Rise of Genghis Khan and Old Beast In the Context of Multiculturalism." Lecture Notes in Education Psychology and Public Media 67, no. 1 (2024): 145–49. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-7048/2025.18061.

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The transition of Mongolian cinema begins with New Historicist advancements in the post-industrial era. Through comparing Old Beast and Mongol: The Rise of Genghis Khan, this paper examines the development of both old and new Mongolian ethnic cinema, focusing on the factors that contributed to the emergence of new Mongolian cinema. Under the influence of multiculturalism, Inner Mongolia has experienced significant social transformation, shifting from a single-ethnic to a multi-ethnic society. Its people have moved from a traditional nomadic lifestyle to a more settled way of life. Against this

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A., Ozheredova, and Ozheredov Yu. "Chinese Porcelain in Western Mongolia (the Qing Dinasty)." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 34, no. 3 (2022): 165–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-10.

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The paper examines Chinese porcelain collected at the Chinese fortress in the Khovd city, Shar Sum monastery and two archaeological sites in the Barun Khurai Depression in southwest Mongolia. Th e sites were built for Chinese military administration and Mongolian Buddhist clergy during the Qing period. Th e study concludes that the decorative motives of the porcelain refl ect the tastes of the mentioned categories of Mongolian population and is predominantly related to Tibetan Buddhism elements of the Chinese folk culture. Th e discovered material also indicates originally “non-Han” components

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Han, Seungyeon, and Kyongna Kim. "A comparison of Mongolian basic words between Mongolia and China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region: Focusing on the classical Mongolian language study publishedin China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region." Korean Association for Mongolian Studies 76 (February 28, 2024): 9–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17292/kams.2024.76.9.

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In this paper, the basic vocabulary of both regions was compared and analyzed based on the classical Mongolian language study books of Mongolia and China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. With the ‘Mongolian language ordinance’ in effect from January 1, 2025, the need for education and research of classical Mongolian language should increase in Mongolia and Korea. As a basic work for this, we discussed which parts are the same and different in the basic living words used by Mongolian-speaking people in China’s Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, located geopolitically close to Mongolia.&

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Luzyanin, Sergey G. "Russia – Mongolia – China: Historical and Contemporary Transformations." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 5 (2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080016633-3.

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The history of the expansion of “Russian Asia” in the 17th – 19th centuries is associated with the formation of a transboundary space that has absorbed migration flows and energy of Russian (Orthodox), Mongolian (Buddhist-nomadic) and Chinese (Taoist-Confucian) civilizations. The Russians were mentally and politically perceived by the Mongol elite as saviors. In the 19th– early 20th centuries Mongolia, turned into the Mongolian People’s Republic, which was under the formal suzerainty of China. International legal “inconsistencies” in the status of the MPR were eliminated by the decisions of th

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Norov, Batsaikhan. "Mongolian Buddhist Scholars’ Works on Infectious Diseases (Late 17th Century to the Beginning of the 20th Century)." Religions 10, no. 4 (2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10040229.

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The Qing period saw both the flowering of Buddhism in Mongolia as well as the arrival of new infectious diseases such as smallpox and syphilis which had reached epidemic levels by the 17th to early 20th centuries. During that critical period, a considerable number of Mongolian Buddhist scholars produced a substantial amount of works dedicated to the ways of fighting epidemics. This paper explores the efforts of Mongolian Buddhist scholars in countering this new threat, within the unique social and political milieu of the time. Smallpox spread severely reduced the Mongolian population and could

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Dear, Devon. "Holy Rollers: Monasteries, Lamas, and the Unseen Transport of Chinese–Russian Trade, 1850–1911." International Review of Social History 59, S22 (2014): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859014000406.

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AbstractThis article examines the roles of Mongolian monasteries and lamas in transportation between the Qing Chinese (1636–1911) and Russian Romanov (1613–1917) empires during the latter half of the nineteenth century. A series of treaties between 1858 and 1882 granted Russian subjects the right to trade in Mongolian territories under Qing sovereignty, and the resultant increase of Russian trade across Mongolia provided new wage-earning opportunities. Larger monasteries, with their access to pack animals and laborers, acted as brokers, while for poorer lamas haulage was one of the few sources

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Hürelbaatar, A. "Contemporary Mongolian sacrifice and social life in Inner Mongolia: the case of the Jargalt Oboo of Urad." Inner Asia 8, no. 2 (2006): 205–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481706793646701.

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AbstractThis article discusses the contemporary Mongolian sacrifice and social life1 in Inner Mongolia, China.2 Rather than discussing sacrifice itself, it will describe the contemporary social practice of traditional Mongolian sacrificial offerings in the wider context of the changing power structures of the Mongols and Han Chinese at the national level, and in the context of changing social authority and economic life at the local level.

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Chen, Xiaomin, and Narisu Dai. "Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Mongolian Medical Warm Acupuncture in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation." Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 8, no. 5 (2024): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcnr.v8i5.7334.

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Objective: To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases were searched. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of LDH with Mongolian medical warm acupuncture were manually searched in the Chinese Journal of Ethnic Medicine, Chinese Journal of Mongolian Medicine, Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, and Journal of Inner Mongolia Medical University. The search time limit was from Januar

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Shagdarsuren, Egshig, та Tintin Bai. "Юань Улсын дуурьлигийн зарим монгол үгээр дундад үеийн монгол хэлний авиазүйн онцлогийг илрүүлэх нь". Монгол судлал 47, № 1 (2024): 258–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.22353/ms20234721.

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During the 13th-14th centuries when the Yuan dynasty existed, the Mongolian and Chinese nationalities were under the same government and had extensive relations in terms of politics, economy, religion and culture, many Mongolian words occurred in the Yuan Plays of that time. Mongolian words encountered in the Yuan Plays’ scripts of the Yuan Dynasty were phonetically recorded in Chinese, making it possible to know the pronunciation of Mongolian words at that time. Therefore, through the phonetic system of the Mongolian and Chinese languages of the XIII-XIV centuries, we compared these Mongolian

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Radchenko, Sergey. "Choibalsan's Great Mongolia Dream." Inner Asia 11, no. 2 (2009): 231–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/000000009793066532.

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AbstractThis article is an account of Soviet and Mongolian efforts to manipulate a nationalist insurrection in Chinese Altai in 1944–45. For the Soviet leader Joseph Stalin this insurrection, led by a Kazakh nationalist, Osman Batyr, offered an excellent opportunity to attend to Soviet security interests in Xinjiang. For the Prime Minister of the Mongolian People's Republic (MPR), Khorloogiin Choibalsan, Osman represented an important investment in the process of expanding the MPR's regional influence and prestige. Choibalsan intended to co-opt Osman in an expanded Great Mongolia, which he hop

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Mazarchuk, Anna V., and Valery M. Mukharinov. "Mongolian Material Culture Vocabulary for Traditional Animal Husbandry: Saddles and Their Elements." Oriental Studies 17, no. 6 (2024): 1331–42. https://doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2024-76-6-1331-1342.

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Introduction. The article deals with modern Mongolian terms for elements of a riding saddle (эмээл) and pack ones, the latter to include янгирцаг (a cargo saddle for oxen and deer) and хом (a saddle for Bactrian camels to transport bales). Goals. The study attempts etymological analyses into the specified terms and concludes on how the lexical/semantic group in question may have formed. Materials and methods. The paper focuses on Mongolic and Turkic dictionaries, scholarly works on the ethnography of Mongols. The material was selected through the continuous sampling method for further etymolog

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Namzhilova, Viktoriya O. "Infrastructure landscape in the transborder region of Russia, Mongolia and China: Transformations and landmarks." Asia and Africa Today, no. 11 (2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750020155-2.

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The article discusses ongoing and expected changes in the infrastructure landscape in the zone of the China - Mongolia - Russia economic corridor. Ensuring infrastructure connectivity is becoming a common task for the three countries in order to competitively integrate into the world’s logistics routes. The author analyzes the factors influencing the intensification of cross-border interactions, highlighting the general trend of growing demand on land transportation in Eurasia, as well as mining freight movement of raw material resources from Mongolia to China. The transit capabilities of the

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Zhang, Qi. "An Issue of Urban/Rural Division? Examining Mongolian Language Education in the IMAR." IAFOR Journal of Education 8, no. 4 (2020): 95–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.22492/ije.8.4.06.

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Against the backdrop of the increasing disparities in urban and rural areas in China nowadays, this qualitative study explores trilingual education in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), with a focus on the Mongolian language programme. Through a field trip to five primary and secondary schools, interviews and class observations reveal that students are highly motivated in conducting their primary and lower secondary schooling through Mongolian, due to the high utilitarian value associated with Mongolian. Preferential policies make it possible to maximise the chance of academic advanc

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Zheleznyakov, A. S., and G. Chuluunbaatar. "Russia and Mongolia in the civilizational and geopolitical paradigms of Central Eurasia development." RUDN Journal of Sociology 23, no. 3 (2023): 612–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-2272-2023-23-3-612-622.

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The relationship between Russia and Mongolia in the civilizational and geo-political paradigms of Central Eurasia development is extremely important for political science, sociology and regional studies. The authors’ definition of Central Eurasia differs from the generally accepted neutral interpretation due to its connection with a specific civilizational space - three local civilizations - the historically summarized limits of their dominant influence. The article considers the following limits of the influence of the Mongolian, Russian and Chinese civilizations from ancient times to the pre

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Zhou, Xiangdong, and Jing Deng. "Research on Ethnic Culture Presentation of Inner Mongolian Film from Multiple Perspectives." Highlights in Art and Design 1, no. 2 (2022): 90–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hiaad.v1i2.2245.

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In Inner Mongolian films, heterogeneous culture is not a symbol of consumption to the West/others, but an important medium to explore the true meaning of the national culture. The analysis of Inner Mongolian films from the perspective of landscape aesthetics can give insight into the most distinctive features of The Times. This paper holds that, in terms of story text, Inner Mongolian films is breathing with The Times and sharing the fate with the motherland, constantly reflecting the living conditions of Inner Mongolia people in the great era. In terms of music application, Inner Mongolian fi

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Mitruev, Bembya L. "Гадание по нагару лампады". Oriental Studies 13, № 6 (2020): 1641–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-52-6-1641-1651.

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Introduction. Oil lamp snuff divination practices used to be widespread enough in Tibet, Mongolia, Kalmykia, and other regions. Goals. The paper introduces into scientific discourse texts thereof in Chinese, Tibetan, and Mongolian. The analysis of the practices reveals values, logic, symbols, and structural patterns inherent to traditional societies. Materials. The article examines a number of sources, namely: 1) a Chinese text published in Hohhot (Inner Mongolia, PRC), 2) a Tibetan text posted on the website of Buddhist Digital Resource Center, 3) a Beijing xylograph of one Mongolian text sto

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Bu He. "Mongolian-Chinese Exchanges in History Studies during the Socialist Period: Mutual Understanding and Divergence (the 1950s)." Journal of International Studies 44, no. 112 (2021): 108–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v44i112.1698.

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This paper studies the attempts of the MPR and the PRC to promote historical exchanges in the 1950s based on their shared ideology of proletarian internationalism and historical materialism. Specifically, this research analyzes the initial historical exchanges between the two countries in the form of material exchange in the early 1950s, and further discusses about the cooperation between Soviet, Mongolian and Chinese scholars to compile a three-volume Mongolian history in the second half of the 1950s, which pushed the Mongolian-Chinese historical exchanges to a new level. Meanwhile, the resea

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Tsendina, Anna D. "Гадание по хулилам среди монголов". Oriental Studies 14, № 3 (2021): 550–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2021-55-3-550-567.

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Introduction. Various collections of Mongolian xylographs and manuscripts may contain works on divination practice with eight khulils. What does the word khulil mean? Why does one use eight khulils? What are the texts devoted to the khulil divination? This article deals with the practice of khulil divination in Mongolia, while introducing a Mongolian text devoted to this form of divination. Results. The divination practice goes back to the oldest Chinese source on divination Yijing (I Ching, Book of Changes, about the seventh century BC). Divination is carried out with the help of the trigram,

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Samaruha, Victor, Alexey Samaruha, and Valentina Dorzhieva. "New realities of economic cooperation between Russia and Mongolia." Society and Economics, no. 7-8 (November 6, 2024): 137–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0207367624070101.

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The article examines the development of the Mongolian vector of foreign economic policy, the strategy of Russia’s turn to the East, within which it seeks global multipolarity and a reduction in opportunities for U.S. domination. In Russia’s confrontation with the United States and its allies after the reunification of Crimea in 2014 and especially after the start of the Russian Special military operation in February 2022 of particular importance is the development of Russian-Mongolian economic and political cooperation in the Russia-Mongolia-China triangle and in regional associations (EAEU, S

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