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Journal articles on the topic 'Mongolian Medicine'
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1
Huang, Congying, Baochang Zhou, Aruhan Chen, Budanbaila La, Yu Ye, Yibo Liu, Xinyu Zhang, Yanhong Sun, Agula Bo, and Minhui Li. "Quantitative comparison on the similarities and differences of Mongolian medicines in the treatment of liver diseases between China and Mongolia based on data mining." Science of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1, no. 2 (December 2023): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/st9.0000000000000017.
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Abstract Objective The R language was used to quantitatively compare the medication patterns of Mongolian medicines used for the treatment of liver diseases between China and Mongolia, with a view to provide a reference for the research and clinical application of Mongolian medicines in the treatment of liver diseases. Methods The Mongolian medicinal prescriptions used for treating liver disease in Mongolia were collected from the Mongolian Pharmacy and Mongolian Treatment Guide for Common diseases in Mongolian Medicine, and those used in China were collected from the Inner Mongolia Standard for Mongolian Proprietary Medicine and Annotation of Mongolian Medicine Preparation Specifications. After the database was established, the frequency, properties, and tastes of the Mongolian medicines were analyzed, and R studio was used for the association rules analysis and cluster analysis. Results A total of 27 prescriptions used in Inner Mongolia, China, were collected involving 105 Mongolian medicines, with a total frequency of 284. Among them, there were 18 high-frequency medicines (frequency ≥5), which had a frequency of 147, accounting for 51.76% of the total frequency. The medicine with the highest frequency (14, 4.93%) was Carthamus tinctorius L.. The analysis of the medicine data in China revealed 15 association rules. A total of 21 prescriptions used in Mongolia were collected, involving 92 Mongolian medicines, with a total frequency of 254. Among them, there were 17 high-frequency (frequency ≥5) medicines, with a total frequency of 124 (48.82%). The medicine with the highest frequency (13, 5.12%) was Carthamus tinctorius L.. The analysis of the medicine data in Mongolia revealed 79 association rules. In both regions, the high-frequency medicines used for treating liver disease commonly had cool or warm property with bitter or sweet taste. Conclusions Carthamus tinctorius L., Terminalia chebula Retz., and other Mongolian medicines are commonly used to treat liver diseases in Inner Mongolia and Mongolia. The Mongolian medicines with cool or warm property and bitter, sweet, or astringent taste are commonly used to protect the liver.
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Saijirahu, Buyanchuglagin. "Folk Medicine among the Mongols in Inner Mongolia." Asian Medicine 4, no. 2 (2008): 338–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157342009x12526658783574.
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AbstractTwenty-first-century Inner Mongolia is characterised by medical pluralism: biomedicine, traditional Chinese medicine, and the Tibetan-derived tradition of Mongolian medicine have parallel roles in the health care system. There is, however, another form of medical practice that has existed in the Mongol society alongside these institutional medicines. In this article, I refer to it as folk medicine. The indigenous tradition of folk medicine has originated from both nomadism and shamanism, and some elements of these old traditions still survive that do not appear to have been influenced by other medical systems. I discuss how nomadic culture produced folk medical practices such as koumiss treatment, immersion therapy and herbal medicine and how shamanic healing practices such as bonesetting and andai therapy are key parts of Mongolian folk medicine, which is related to treating both bodily suffering and illness of the soul. Healing is an important function of Mongolian shamanism, an old religious complex that remains alive within modern society. Folk medicine as a cultural phenomenon has existed from ancient times to our present era. When we attempt to reconstruct the history of Mongolian medicine, we must accept that indigenous knowledge continues to play a role within the medical pluralism of twenty-first-century Inner Mongolia.
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Ochhuu, Enkhbat. "Historical aspects of the origin and formation of military and political relations between Mongolia (Mongolian people’s republic) and Russia (the USSR) (1860–1939)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 29, no. 4 (March 29, 2024): 72–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-4-72-78.
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Historical milestones of the birth and formation of military and political relations between Mongolia and Russia over a long period of time, from the 1860s up to the beginning of World War II are analysed in the article on the basis of normative legal documents. It was the policies pursued by Russia and the USSR, along with a variety of external and internal factors, that were decisive in Mongolia’s gaining independence and sovereignty. The nature of the influence of Russia (USSR) on the formation and strengthening of the Mongolian army is considered in the article; as well as the participation of military instructors of the Russian Imperial Army and military representatives of the Russian Communist Red Army in the formation and training of Mongolian military troops and military units in the 1910-1920s; the main aspects of military and political co-operation between the USSR and Mongolia in the 1930s and on the eve of World War II are studied, in particular the specifics and issues of supplying weapons to the military units of the Mongolian army, as well as the role of the Soviet Union in the development of the Mongolian army. On the basis of previously published archival sources and materials, a detailed analysis of the organisation and construction of the Mongolian People’s Republic’s armed forces, their combat training and manning is carried out. Conclusion about the determining influence of military-political relations between Russia and Mongolia in the studied period on the formation of the Mongolian state and its armed forces, as well as on strengthening of Mongolia’s position in the international arena is made in the article.
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Duoer, Daigengna. "From “Lama Doctors” to “Mongolian Doctors”: Regulations of Inner Mongolian Buddhist Medicine under Changing Regimes and the Crises of Modernity (1911–1976)." Religions 10, no. 6 (June 7, 2019): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10060373.
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This paper focuses on how Buddhist medicine in twentieth-century Inner Mongolia was defined, restricted, regulated, and transformed under different ruling political regimes since the fall of the Qing empire in 1911 to the 1980s. The paper argues that the fate of Mongolian medicine was closely linked with the fate of Mongolian Buddhism in twentieth-century Inner Mongolia. As Inner Mongolian Buddhism came to be re-defined, regulated, and coerced by various systems of governance that came to rule the region, Mongolian Buddhist medicine faced crises of modernity in which processes of secularization, exercises of biopower, practices of colonial medicine, and discourses of ethnicity and hygiene challenged the tradition to either reform and adapt to new standardizations imposed by Western biomedicine or lose relevancy in rapidly evolving eras of change.
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Batunaev, Eduard V. "The «Mongolian Question» in Soviet-Chinese Relations (1921-1925)." Vestnik of Kostroma State University 29, no. 1 (June 14, 2023): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/1998-0817-2023-29-1-57-61.
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The article deals with the problematic and key issues of Soviet-Chinese relations related to the formalization of the legal status of Mongolia, which was called the “Mongolian questionˮ. The “Mongolian questionˮ was a stumbling block in Soviet-Chinese relations, since de jure Mongolia was part of the Republic of China, and de facto it had all the features of an independent state. The solution of the “Mongolian questionˮ lay in the plane of a revolutionary ideological and diplomatic nature, where Mongolia was given an important place as a transit corridor in promoting the ideas of the world revolution to the East, providing military assistance to the people's revolutionary forces of both China and Mongolia. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the evolution of Soviet-Chinese relations, accompanied by complex diplomatic negotiations between China and Soviet Russia, the struggle between the Comintern and foreign policy structures. Analysis of scientific literature and sources showed that in transnational history the “Mongolian questionˮ was a complex and multifactorial phenomenon, which included a complex of both internal and external factors, including the relationship between Soviet Russia and China. at the revolutionary class and diplomatic levels, as well as Mongolia's own ideas in the struggle for state independence.
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Norov, Batsaikhan, Binderiya Batsaikhan, and Batchimeg Usukhbayar. "Mongol Familiarisation with European Medical Practices in the Nineteenth–Twentieth Centuries." Inner Asia 22, no. 2 (November 4, 2020): 299–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340152.
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Abstract It was primarily Russian activities in Mongolia between 1860 and 1921, reflecting its geopolitical interests, that introduced European medical practices to the Mongols. Competing alongside other European powers, the Russian Government capitalised on conditions within Mongolia to increase Mongolia’s dependency on Russia. Thus, the Russian government’s motives for medical intervention, like that of other European groups, were mainly political, economic and cultural. In the context of Buddhist dogmatism and the expansive territorial distances between the Mongols (a term this paper uses to encompass all people of Mongol ethnicity in northern and central Asia), the reluctance of Russian doctors to disseminate European medical knowledge prevented its spread into Mongolia. Medical intervention was primarily a method of colonisation justified through healthcare support. Ultimately the familiarisation of European medicine in Mongolia was the first crucial step towards the amalgamation of traditional Mongolian and European medical practices after the Mongolian People’s Revolution.
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Khereid Jamsran, Urangua, and Polyanskayа Oksana N. "Chinese Workers in the History of the Mongolian People’s Republic in the 1950s–1960s: Cooperation, Politics, Ideology." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 6 (December 2021): 8–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-6-8-19.
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The article is devoted to one of the historic periods of Mongolia of the 20th century, when the Mongolian People’s Republic built the foundations of a socialist society, and key modernization processes took place with the support of the Soviet Union. The economic component of Soviet-Mongolian relations was dominant at that time. However, the assistance from the People’s Republic of China played a definitely important role in the economic development and formation of modern Mongolian society. Labour constraint was one of the main difficulties in promoting industrial economy in Mongolia. The study of the Mongolian-Chinese economic cooperation is also relevant today, despite the influence of the “third force” in Mongolia’s foreign policy. Russian and Chinese directions are in priority. In this regard, it is important to refer to the experience accumulated by countries in the field of economic interaction, which determined the purpose of the publication ‒ to study one of the aspects of Mongolian-Chinese cooperation in the 1950s and early 1960s, namely, the employment of Chinese labour in Mongolia based on a rich source base, including both the published documents and documents from the National Archives of Mongolia, as well as historical works by Russian and Mongolian authors, and to consider such issues as the role of foreign labour, in particular, Chinese workforce in the industrialization of Mongolia, traffic of foreign workers into the Mongolian People’s Republic, and then their family members, the employment of Chinese workers, ideological and cultural events organized by party officials of the Chinese Communist Party. The research methodology is specified by the principles of scientific objectivity, historicism and historical determinism. The work uses both universal scientific methods and special methods of historical research determined by the formulated problem and includes problem-chronological method, comparative analysis method, and systemic method. The study revealed that the employment of workers from the PRC in Mongolia took place within the framework of the diplomatic relations established in 1949 and based on the agreements reached in 1956, 1958 and 1960 in respect of providing economic and technical assistance. It was emphasized that Chinese workers became an integral part of the changing Mongolian society for almost a decade, from 1955 to 1964. The Mongolian side fulfilling bilateral agreements on the working conditions of Chinese employees opened schools for Chinese children, created additional medical centers where Chinese doctors worked, and so on; all this introduced some adjustments to the everyday life of Mongolian society in the mid-20th century. Today, the process of rethinking, re-evaluating the path traversed by Mongolia throughout the 20th century continues, the external conditions of the Mongolian People’s Republic are being revised, so a detailed reference to its history can contribute to the formation of a more objective approach to this process.
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Mihranyan, A. A., and D. A. Dinets. "VECTORS OF RUSSIAN-MONGOLIAN COOPERATION." Geoeconomics of Energetics, no. 4 (February 8, 2024): 55–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2023_24_4_55.
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The article notes the dominance of multi-vectorism in Mongolia’s foreign policy at the present stage, which is due to the complexity and contradictory nature of the geopolitical situation, as well as the expectation of increased risks of ensuring the national security of the Mongolian People’s Republic. In this regard, the authorities of the republic are strengthening cooperation with the so-called «third neighbor» (USA, Japan, South Korea, Australia, EU countries, etc.) in the hope of balancing the influence of the two main neighbors: Russia and China.In relations with China, Mongolia’s growing dependence on China in the economic sphere (China steadily retains the first place in the MNR’s foreign trade turnover) raises concerns. Until a certain point, such a role was played by Mongolia’s second neighbor - Russia (more precisely, the Soviet Union, where the republic was integrated practically at the level of union republics), which fully ensured the republic’s economic and political security. When forming the strategy of cooperation between Russia and Mongolia, the Russian side has to take into account the concerns of the Mongolian side: the growing volume of economic cooperation between Russia and China significantly increases Mongolia’s fears about Russia’s inability to resist Chinese influence. In this regard, Mongolia positions the expansion of cooperation with «third neighbors» as an integral part of ensuring its national interests.
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Ayusheeva, Marina V. "Экспедиционная деятельность П. Б. Балданжапова." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 661–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-4-661-671.
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The article examines one of the aspects of the creative heritage of Purbo Baldanovich Baldanzhapov (1921–1991), the eminent scholar of history and culture of Mongolian-speaking peoples. The study is of relevance, granted the importance of his field work and materials collected in the expeditions, including the data on the history and culture of Buryats, Mongolians, and Tuvans that need to be published. The article aims to give an estimate of Baldanzhapov’s scholarly work and of his role for the development of science in Buryatia and to introduce his field materials to make them available for scientific study. For the purpose, methods of source studies were used for the description and analysis of the field materials under study and the biographical method was employed in the estimation of the scholar’s contribution to the study of the history and culture of the Mongolian-speaking peoples. Materials used for the research were his field reports, reports, expedition diaries, and notebooks kept in the scholar’s personal archive (f. no. 29) at the Center for Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhology and Tibetology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Results. While he was involved in numerous scholarly activities, Baldanzhapov focused on the collection and identification of written monuments, especially Mongolian chronicles and works on Indo-Tibetan medicine. As a member of historical- ethnographic expeditions, he collected data on shamanistic rituals, Buryat clans and families, folklore, and ethnography. His data on the spiritual culture of the Buryats and Mongolians, the transformation of Mongolian society and the development of school education in Mongolia substantially supplement and concretize the history and culture of the peoples under study. Conclusions. Baldanzhapov managed to implement several large projects for the study of written sources, the spiritual culture of the Buryats and Mongolians, and Indo-Tibetan medicine. The draft records of most field materials are not easy to work with, but they are sure to be of relevance for the researchers in the field. Notably, in terms of their thematic coverage, the archival materials, Mongolian and Tibetan manuscripts and xylographs, microfilms, which the scholar managed to collect, are unique in the collection of the Center of Oriental Manuscripts and Xylographs of the Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies (SB RAS).
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Ganbat, Orgilbayar, Oyuntugs Byambasukh, Tserendagva Dalkh, and Byambasuren Dagvajantsan. "Concussion treatment through Baria zasal: An exploration of Traditional Mongolian Medicine." Neuroscience Research Notes 4, no. 4 (December 29, 2021): 29–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31117/neuroscirn.v4i4.112.
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There is no specific treatment for concussion in modern medicine; existing treatments are limited to resting and restoring cognition. For Mongolians, seeking concussion treatment from a bariachi, an advanced practitioner of the baria zasal traditional massage therapy, is very common. The baria zasal technique has been passed down the generations for millions of years, keeping with the Mongolian nomadic culture and way of life. However, this Mongolian treatment is little known or researched internationally. Due to the lack of literature on this subject, conducting a meta-analysis or systematic review was impossible. We reviewed the literature published in Mongolian about this technique. We also searched articles published from 1 January 1921 to 20 June 2021 in PubMed using "concussion", "baria zasal", and "Bariachi" keywords. Although informal observation indicates this is a commonly sought treatment among patients, there are very few published scientific articles about the practice outside the realm of cultural anthropology. This may be due to a few reasons: the informal, semi-religious setting in which the treatment takes place makes it difficult to conduct scientific field research; concussion is a mild traumatic brain injury, making it impossible to identify changes in the brain as a result of the treatment using imaging methods and therefore difficult to verify; and lastly, baria zasal is generally uncontested as a treatment even by Mongolian medical professionals, therefore it has not been the subject of empirical debate. Moreover, it is not classified under a specific system, each bariachi having its technique. As bariachis do not receive formal training, their treatments often depend on instincts, natural talents, and personal abilities. Therefore, it is recommended to study the techniques of baria zasal of concussion to explain its enduring popularity in Mongolia and to ascertain how it interacts with standard western medical treatment.
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Sherin, Egor A. "FOREIGN TRADE COOPERATION BETWEEN MONGOLIA AND SIBERIAN REGIONS." Географический вестник = Geographical bulletin, no. 1(64) (2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2079-7877-2023-1-44-51.
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The study is devoted to identifying the sectoral and geographical structures of foreign trade cooperation between Mongolia and Russia in general and Siberian regions in particular. The paper shows the fundamental role of exports of the mining sector products for the modern economy of Mongolia. The share and place of Russia in the structure of commodity deliveries of Mongolia are indicated. These indicators are also provided in relation to China. The history of foreign economic relations between Russia and Mongolia in recent decades is traced, emerging difficulties have been identified. The role of Siberia in the structure of Russian-Mongolian foreign trade cooperation and the dynamics of its share in recent years are shown. The share and value indicators of trade turnover and the main commodity groups of exports and imports of Mongolia and each Siberian region have been calculated. More detailed attention is given to the regions being leaders in the structure of the Siberian-Mongolian cooperation in terms of both exports and imports. The ways of commodity communication between Mongolia and Siberia are explained. The problem areas of the foreign trade cooperation have been identified: disproportions in the structure of the Siberian-Mongolian trade turnover; one-sidedness of the commodity nomenclature of deliveries from Mongolia; instable prospects for joint trade turnover. The issues of the Mongolian economy’s vulnerability in the context of the country’s current foreign economic model are outlined. Taking into account the geopolitical situation that has changed in 2022, the paper proposes several promising ways of interaction between Mongolia and Russia in general and Siberian regions in particular. Particular attention is on the supply of food products, the expansion of Mongolia’s railway network, the need to increase the processing depth for exported raw materials, the unification of the energy systems of Siberia and Mongolia, the project of the Power of Siberia-2 (Soyuz Vostok) gas pipeline, the creation of an international transport corridor, as well as issues of geological exploration in the territory of Mongolia.
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Tarantul, Roman. "The Mongolian National Factor in the PRC and Sino-Mongolian Relations." Problemy dalnego vostoka, no. 1 (2023): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s013128120024367-4.
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The article examines the influence of the Mongolian national factor on Sino-Mongolian relations, as well as its repercussion in PRC domestic policy, primarily in the Autonomous Region of Inner Mongolia. Particular attention is paid to ethno-cultural reasons and conditions that hinder the stable development of bilateral relations between China and Mongolia: the existence of world pan-Mongolian and nationalist movements, the dispute over the status of the XIV Dalai Lama, China's actions to appropriate the symbols of traditional Mongolian culture and the commercialization of Genghis Khan's personality. In the study of Beijing's national policy in Inner Mongolia, the historical prerequisites that served to complicate the Mongolian issue in the modern PRC were identified, and the features of the policy of forming the "consciousness of the community of the Chinese nation" in relation to the IMAR were discovered. Special attention is paid to Beijing's attempts to acculturate the Mongols living in the PRC by translating educational programs from Mongolian into Chinese, regulating the rituals of Buddhism, and appropriating common Mongolian intangible cultural heritage sites to China.Separately, the growing economic interaction between China and Mongolia, which results in China's leading position in the foreign trade turnover of Mongolia and in foreign investment in the country's enterprises, is considered. The Beijing's sanctions pressure on Ulaanbaatar is analyzed in connection with disagreements on national and religious grounds, as a result of which the Mongolian leadership made concessions to the PRC. The study concludes that, from a rational viewpoint, it is beneficial for China and Mongolia to maintain a stable and predictable bilateral political and economic interaction. At the same time, the Mongolian national factor forces both states to treat each other with a certain degree of apprehension. Beijing sees Mongolia as a country bearing the threat of pan-Mongolian separatism, and Ulaanbaatar, based on the historically established Sinophobic mentality of the Mongols, is afraid of falling into total economic and cultural dependence on the PRC.
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Et al., HO-WOOG KIM. "Medical Hallyu In Mongolia: A Case Study Of Dr. Kwan-Tae Park’s Spirituality And Medical Service." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 4821–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1643.
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Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between South Korea and Mongolia in 1990, Hallyu (the Korean Wave) has rapidly spread to Mongolia. Korean food and medicine, as well as Korean drama and pop music, are welcomed by Mongolians. The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of Korean medical service on Mongolia, focusing on the Korean medical missionary Kwan-tae Park. We will show that his excellent human relationship as a reason for his fruit-bearing ministry in the Mongolian society, which is somewhat unfriendly to aggressive Christian evangelism. In conclusion, we will argue that his ministry is imitating Jesus' life presented by the New Testament in a large framework.
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Norov, Batsaikhan. "Mongolian Buddhist Scholars’ Works on Infectious Diseases (Late 17th Century to the Beginning of the 20th Century)." Religions 10, no. 4 (March 27, 2019): 229. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10040229.
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The Qing period saw both the flowering of Buddhism in Mongolia as well as the arrival of new infectious diseases such as smallpox and syphilis which had reached epidemic levels by the 17th to early 20th centuries. During that critical period, a considerable number of Mongolian Buddhist scholars produced a substantial amount of works dedicated to the ways of fighting epidemics. This paper explores the efforts of Mongolian Buddhist scholars in countering this new threat, within the unique social and political milieu of the time. Smallpox spread severely reduced the Mongolian population and could have influenced the change of political control in the region, as several prominent Mongolian leaders who fought against Qing domination were themselves victims of smallpox epidemics. Similarly, at the beginning of the 20th century, around half the Mongolian population was infected by syphilis and, as a result, the population further declined in numbers. Tibetan Buddhist medicine, which was introduced to Mongolia from Tibet, was enriched by Mongolian traditional medical practices and fused with traditional Mongolian and Chinese medical knowledge during Mongolian scholars’ search for preventive methods against infectious diseases. This article examines the works of three renowned Mongolian Buddhist scholars who dealt with issues of infectious diseases: Ye shes dpal ‘byor, Chakhar Géshé Lobsang Tsültim, and Lobsang chos ‘phel.
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Kuzmin, Yuri, Alexey Manzhigeev, and Liudmila Sanina. "Mongolia of the Twentieth Century and Russian-Mongolian Relations: Based on the Materials of the Conference Dated May 28, 2021." Bulletin of Baikal State University 31, no. 2 (July 9, 2021): 197–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2500-2759.2021.31(2).197-207.
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Currently, the leadership of Russia considers the expansion of economic, scientific and educational cooperation with Mongolia important, therefore, the study of modern Mongolian and world Mongolian studies, which formulate and determine further development of international relations, seems to be an urgent and contemporary task. The article describes the development trends of modern world and Russian Mongolian studies, poses topical issues that need to be resolved in the face of increasing geopolitical competition in Mongolia. It is an overview of the reports presented at the international scientific-practical conference «Mongolia of the 20th century and Russian-Mongolian relations: history and economy» dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the establishment of Russian-Mongolian diplomatic relations, which took place on May 28, 2021 in Irkutsk on the basis of the Baikal State University. The conference participants supported the idea of creating a «Biobibliographic Dictionary of Russian Researchers in Mongolia». It was proposed to include in the dictionary corpus not only the representatives of Russian Mongolologist, but also Turkologists, Sinologists, researchers of the history of Russia, as well as practitioners: diplomats, translators, military men, merchants, journalists who wrote studies on history, geography, economics, culture and art of Mongolia. Thus, scientific Russian-Mongolian cooperation continues successfully, new joint publications, round tables, and scientific conferences are being planned.
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Duan, Mingrui, Yunfeng Xi, Qiuyue Tian, Buqi Na, Ke Han, Xingguang Zhang, Wenrui Wang, Deqiang Zheng, and Youxin Wang. "Prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of type 2 diabetes and its determinants among Mongolians in China: a cross-sectional analysis of IMAGINS 2015–2020." BMJ Open 12, no. 11 (November 2022): e063893. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-063893.
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ObjectivesThis study aims to estimate the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control rates of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and pre-diabetes as well as to identify its associated factors among Mongolians living in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.DesignCross-sectional study.Setting and participantsThis sample included 11 361 Mongolian participants from the Inner Mongolian Healthy Aging Intervention Study, a population-based screening project consisting of 141 255 adults aged above 35 years in Inner Mongolia from 2015 to 31 December 2020.Outcome measuresThe prevalence and 95% CIs of T2D and pre-diabetes were calculated. Factors associated with the prevalence, awareness, treatment and control of T2D were explored by a binomial logistic regression.ResultsA total of 17.2% (95% CI 16.5% to 17.9%) of the sample had T2D, of whom 34.0% (95% CI 31.9% to 36.1%) were aware of their diagnosis, 24.7% (95% CI 22.8% to 26.6%) were taking prescribed antidiabetic medications, 6.7% (95% CI 5.6% to 7.8%) had achieved control and 27.5% (95 % CI 26.7% to 28.3%) had pre-diabetes. The prevalence of T2D increased with increasing age, male, lower education level, smoking, obesity and a history of hypertension or dyslipidaemia (all p<0.05).ConclusionsT2D is highly prevalent, with suboptimal awareness, treatment and control rates, and an escalating health challenge among the Mongolian population. Broad-based strategies, including diabetes prevention education, better screening and affordable treatment, should be implemented to raise awareness, treatment and control rates of T2D in Inner Mongolia.
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Bao, Xiaomei, Lu Chen, Yiman Liu, Hua Sheng, Kailong Wang, Yanming Luo, Tongling Qin, Ying Liu, and Yuling Qiu. "Treatment of Liver Cancer: Role of the Traditional Mongolian Medicine." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2022 (February 14, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6535977.
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Liver cancer is an extraordinarily heterogeneous malignancy with relatively high mortality and increasing incidence rate among the so far identified cancers. Improvements in liver cancer therapy have been made in the past decades, but therapeutics against liver cancer are still limited. Traditional Mongolian Medicine, formed and developed by the Mongolian people to maintain health in the medical practice of fighting against diseases, has been recognized as one of the key components of the world healthcare system. Traditional Mongolian Medicine has been used to treat various malignancies, including liver cancer, for a long time in Asia and its advantages have become more and more apparent. Herein, this review made a comprehensive summary of Traditional Mongolian Medicine, including the ideas in the liver cancer treatment, sources of medicines or prescriptions, traditional applications, modern pharmacological research, chemical structure and mechanisms of several monomer compounds isolated from Traditional Mongolian Medicine, with a view to finding promising drugs against liver cancer and expanding the clinical application of Traditional Mongolian Medicine in liver cancer therapy.
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Chushkaeva, Zayana Igorevna. "Reflexes of Proto-Mongolian Vowels in South Mongolian Languages." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 35, no. 6 (2023): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2023-35(6)-21.
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The Mongolian languages are a language family that includes several closely related languages of Mongolia, China, Russia and Afghanistan. According to lexicostatistics, they broke up around the 5th century AD. Dagur, Shira-Yugur, Dongxiang, Bao'an, Tu (Monguor) are commonly referred to as South Mongolian languages. The South Mongolian languages, in comparison with other groups of Mongolian languages, were influenced by Chinese and Turkic languages, various historical events had an undoubted influence on them.
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Grayvoronskiy, Vladimir. "MONGOLIA’S NEUTRAL POSITION ON RUSSIA’S SPECIAL MILITARY OPERATION IN UKRAINE: A YEAR LATER." Eastern Analytics 14, no. 2 (2023) (2023): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31696/2227-5568-2023-02-074-084.
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The article discusses the results of the implementation of the official Mongolia's neutral foreign policy and public opinion regarding the Russian-Ukrainian conflict and Russia's Special Military Operation in Ukraine (SMO), analyzes the results of a public opinion poll in Mongolia organized by the Mongolian Public Opinion Foundation «Sant Maral» and the German Konrad Adenauer Foundation, the influence of pro-Western, pro-American, antiRussian information warfare and propaganda on various layers of civil society in Mongolia, especially on young people.
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Dygas, Rober. "Multilateral Economic Ties of Mongolia with its Asian Trading Partners in period of 2011-2021." Mongolian Journal of International Affairs 23 (December 29, 2022): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v23i1.2403.
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This article gives insight of main aspects of Mongolian’s economy related to its Asian Trading Partners namely China, India, South Korea and Japan in period of 2011-2021. To give more clarity about the main trading partners of Mongolia there are two countries: China and Russia, but the author focuses only on the Asian trading partners. The main goal is to popularise still not well known economy of Mongolia and to see how it was developed in analysed period of 2011-2022. As the methodology of the research the author used empirical analysis based mainly on Macrobond data which also has access to Mongolian Statistics Office data and also to available world reports such OECD, UNCTAD. Besides that, the article was consulted with Mongolian Ambassador in Poland and it was enriched this way with his best knowledge regarding economy and Mongolia international trade and investment policy. The interesting aspect which was raised by the author in this article was the future state of economy of Mongolia after pandemic of SARSCoV-2 and impact of the restrictions imposed on Russia due to the war on Ukraine
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Kim, Tae-Hun, and Jung Won Kang. "Research Status Quo in Traditional Mongolian Medicine: A Bibliometric Analysis on Research Documents in the Web of Science Database." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (December 28, 2021): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5088129.
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Objective. In this study, the current state of research on traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM) through a bibliometric analysis of research documents located in the Web of Science (WoS) database was assessed. Methods. The WoS database was searched on September 2021 with the keywords “traditional Mongolian medicine.” Publications on TMM scientific research were included in this study, without any language limitations. Bibliometric data from such publications were retrieved from the WoS database. Full records with cited reference lists were descriptively analyzed. To assess trends in TMM research topics, authors’ keywords were analyzed. A thematic evolution map based on coword analysis was suggested. To analyze research networks among co-authors, affiliations, or countries of the authors, collaboration networks were evaluated. The Bibliometrix R package (3.1) was used for the analysis. Results. A total of 234 scientific publications were included in the analysis. The top three countries of origin of the corresponding authors were China (n = 153), Japan (n = 28), and South Korea (n = 9). The top three relevant affiliations of the authors in the included publications were “Inner Mongolia Medical University,” “Inner Mongolia University of Nationalities,” and “National University of Mongolia.” “Flavonoids,” “cytotoxicity,” “NMR,” and “Tibetan medicine” were the most frequently used keywords in the included documents. Most publications focused on the chemical analysis and mechanism of effects of Mongolian herbal medications. There were few publications on nonpharmacological interventions such as bloodletting or TMM diagnostics, which should be promoted in future publications. Conclusion. There were only a limited number of publications on TMM identified through a search of the WoS database, using the keywords “Traditional Mongolian medicine.” More improved strategy for searching for TMM publications must be established. Research publications on TMM, especially regarding nonpharmacological interventions, need to be promoted. In addition, collaboration with researchers worldwide needs to be encouraged in the future.
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Namzhilova, Viktoriya O. "Infrastructure landscape in the transborder region of Russia, Mongolia and China: Transformations and landmarks." Asia and Africa Today, no. 11 (2022): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750020155-2.
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The article discusses ongoing and expected changes in the infrastructure landscape in the zone of the China - Mongolia - Russia economic corridor. Ensuring infrastructure connectivity is becoming a common task for the three countries in order to competitively integrate into the world’s logistics routes. The author analyzes the factors influencing the intensification of cross-border interactions, highlighting the general trend of growing demand on land transportation in Eurasia, as well as mining freight movement of raw material resources from Mongolia to China. The transit capabilities of the railway and road infrastructure are assessed, the features of cargo flow through border checkpoints are studied. Consistent implementation of Mongolia’s ambitious plans of railway construction changes the cross-border infrastructure, especially on the China’s border. It is noted that the construction of railways was forced by the Mongolian government with the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic: severe restrictions and border control measures on truck transport significantly affected the operating of border crossings and foreign economic relations of Mongolia as a whole. In order to expand the export of mineral raw materials, it is planned to open four railway border crossings on the Mongolian-Chinese border: Gashuunsukhait - Gantsmod, Shiveekhuren - Sehe, Bichigt - Zun-Khatavch, Khangi - Mandal. Establishing the effective functioning of the cross-border transport and logistics infrastructure is becoming a strategic priority of the Mongolian economic policy. For Russia, there is a need to develop foreign trade infrastructure in the border regions, especially in the new geopolitical realities.
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Galdan A., Galdanov. "«MONGOLIAN QUESTION» AT THE YALTA CONFERENCE (1945)." Human research of Inner Asia 2 (2021): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18101/2305-753x-2021-2-9-14.
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The article is devoted to the historical significance of the Yalta (Crimea) Conference held from 4 to 11 February 1945 for the history of Mongolia. The struggle of the Mongolian People’s Republic for independence and its participa-tion in World War II are the subject of constant study of Russian and Mongolian his-toriography. However, as a rule, these events are considered partially and are not an independent subject of research. The process of restoring the sovereignty of Mongo-lia has gone a long grassroots and difficult way. In 1911 Mongolia declared itself a sovereign state, and after that for almost fifty years it defended the right to be an in-dependent state, primarily in front of China, which remained the main sound-forming opponent of Mongolia’s sovereignty when it was reunited. China’s policy remained unchanged even after the military balance on this side changed in favor of the USSR. It was only after World War II that China officially recognized the independence of the Mongol People’s Republic. It is also worth noting the position of the allies of the USSR on the anti-Hitler coali-tion represented by the United States and the Great Britain on this question. Because of the strategic plans, the United States and the United Kingdom did not oppose it. But it should be emphasized that the United States carefully studied this question up to the trip of the American delegation to Mongolia in 1944. In the conclusion we have emphasized the important role of the Yalta (Crimea) Conference for Mongolia.
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Chen, Xiaomin, and Narisu Dai. "Meta-Analysis of Efficacy and Safety of Mongolian Medical Warm Acupuncture in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation." Journal of Clinical and Nursing Research 8, no. 5 (June 24, 2024): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcnr.v8i5.7334.
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Objective: To systematically evaluate the safety and efficacy of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). Methods: CNKI, Wanfang, VIP, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and other databases were searched. The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the treatment of LDH with Mongolian medical warm acupuncture were manually searched in the Chinese Journal of Ethnic Medicine, Chinese Journal of Mongolian Medicine, Journal of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, and Journal of Inner Mongolia Medical University. The search time limit was from January 2000 to October 2023. RevMan5.4 software was used to analyze the included and excluded literature. Results: A total of 8 RCTs involving 1,042 patients with LDH were included, with 551 patients in the observation group and 491 patients in the control group. The results of the meta-analysis showed that a total of 8 randomized controlled trials were included in the treatment of LDH with Mongolian medical warm acupuncture compared with simple acupuncture (RR = 1.18, 95% CI = [1.12, 1.23], P < 0.00001). Conclusion: The total effective rate of Mongolian medical warm acupuncture for LDH is higher than that of simple acupuncture. However, due to the low quality of the literature included in this study, multi-dimensional, large sample size, and more rigorous clinical randomized trials are needed for further verification in the future.
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Denzenlkham, Ulambayar. "Mongolia’s «Third neighbour» policy: An analysis of its two neighbourhood researchers." Journal of International Studies 45, no. 114 (December 16, 2022): 44–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/jis.v45i114.2463.
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This article talked about the position of academic researchers of the both neighbour regarding Mongolia’s «Third Neighbor» policy. Mongolia’s foreign policy analysis in south neighbour underway at the Academy of Social Sciences under the State Council of China, Global Times, the central daily newspaper of the CPC in chinese and english languages, School of International Studies, Beijing People’s University, Beijing Foreign Studies University. It should be emphasized that the Institute of Russian and Mongolian Studies of the Academy of Social Sciences, Inner Mongolia, the Department of Mongolian Studies of the Inner Mongolia University, the Inner Mongolian University of Education, and the Institute of Near Neighbour Studies of the Shanghai East China Normal University are concentrated. Regarding Russia, it is mainly focused on the Institute of Oriental Studies, the Institute of Far Eastern Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, the Moscow State University, the Diplomatic Academy, MFA, the Russian International Affairs Council, St. Petersburg State University, Irkutsk State University, and Ulan-Udе University, ect.,China’s researchers has a tendency in “advise” and some times “educate” to Mongolia on the importance of developing cooperation with its “real neighbour”. For Example, Mongolia’s geopolitical position shows that it should cooperate smartly with China and Russia.The researchers of Russia wrote that Mongolia’s “Third Neighbour” policy is utopian, and it is observed that the principle is “stuck” in its principles. Recently, the deepening of the geopolitical conflict between the two neighbour and the “third neighbour” is a matter of concern, and the criticism of the neighbouring countries is expected to transation from the level of Track 1 to the level of Track 1.5.Finally, The New paradigms of Mongolia’s foreign policy has priority to vital national interests, openness, peaceful, multi-pillars, multi-dimensional, non-Aligned, independently, priority to democratic values and pragmatism. It should be emphasized that it is not a policy directed against the two neighbors, but only peacetime geopolitics. Монгол Улсын «Гуравдагч хөрш»-ийн бодлого: Хоёр хөршийн судлаачдын дүн шинжилгээ Хураангуй: Монгол Улсын «гуравдагч хөрш»-ийн бодлогын тухайд хоёр хөршийн судлаачид ямар байр суурь, хандлагатай байна гэдэг анхаарал татсан нэн чухаг асуудал мөн. Өмнөд, Умард хөршүүд албан ёсны түвшинд дурдсан асуудалд тааламжгүй эсвэл бүр сөрөг байр суурь албан ёсоор илэрхийлж байгаагүй ч, олон улсын харилцаа, геополитик, стратеги судлаачид олон нийтийн хэвлэл, мэдээллийн хэрэгслүүд үзэл бодол, байр сууриа чөлөөтэй илэрхийлж ирсэн байна.
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Rapatskaya, L. A. "Some historical aspects of education and research in Russia and Mongolia." Earth sciences and subsoil use 46, no. 3 (October 12, 2023): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-3-321-331.
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The article describes the history of the origin and development of friendly relation in Russian-Mongolian cooperation in the fields of higher education and science on the example of Irkutsk National Research Technical University (former Irkutsk Polytechnic Institute, Irkutsk State Technical University) Irkutsk, Russia and the Mongolian University of Science and Technology (former Mongolian State University, Mongolian Polytechnic Institute) Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. The author analyzes basic scientific interests of the teaching staff of these universities of Eastern Siberia and Mongolia, which are geographically the closest neighbors. Based on archival materials and published works, a detailed description of training scientific and pedagogical personnel for Mongolia at the Irkutsk university from 1960 to 2022 is given as well as the thematic scope and the nature of field and research work are described. Moreover, the activity results of the Kerulen International Geological Expedition, which was the result of many years of friendly relations between Russia and Mongolia in the field of education and science are presented. The conducted work clearly demonstrates an example of specific achievements in the fields of geological surveying, research and teaching activities of the academic staff of higher educational institutions of the two countries.
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Chen, Ling, Yuxin Guo, Cheng Xiao, Weibin Wu, Qiong Lan, Yating Fang, Jiangang Chen, and Bofeng Zhu. "Genetic polymorphisms and forensic efficiency of 19 X-chromosomal STR loci for Xinjiang Mongolian population." PeerJ 6 (July 3, 2018): e5117. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5117.
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Aim X-chromosomal short tandem repeat (X-STR) loci are playing an increasingly important role in some complex kinship cases in recent years. To investigate the forensic efficiency of X-STRs of Mongolian minority group from Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, and further depict the genetic relationship among Xinjiang Mongolians and other populations, 267 blood samples from unrelated healthy Xinjiang Mongolians were amplified by an AGCU X-19 STR kit. Results No deviations for all 19 X-STR loci were observed from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium after Bonferroni correction (p > 0.0026) in female samples. The most frequent allele was allele 10 at locus DXS10164 with the frequency 0.5663. The polymorphism information content values of the 19 X-STR loci were more than 0.5 with the highest polymorphism at the locus DXS10135. The cumulative power of discrimination were 0.99999999999999999999988761005481 in females and 0.999999999999903 in males, respectively; and the cumulative mean exclusion chances were 0.9999999969738068321121 in duos and 0.999999999998952 in trios, respectively. The seven linkage groups were extremely informative, with all the haplotype diversities greater than 0.9487. No linkage disequilibrium was observed for a significance level of 0.00029 (p = 0.05/171) after Bonferroni correction. The DA distances, multidimensional scaling plot and phylogenetic tree based on the 11 overlapping X-STR loci all presented that the Xinjiang Mongolian population was genetically different from other Asian populations, including the Mongolian population from Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China. Conclusion This study indicated that the 19 X-STR multiplex PCR system was of high utility value for both forensic practices and population genetic research in Xinjiang Mongolian group.
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Kuras, L. V., N. Khishigt, and B. D. Tsybenov. "Otto Ivanovich Makstenek: The End of a Diplomat's Career." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series History 42 (2022): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2222-9124.2022.42.85.
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The article studied the farewell letter of the Authorized People's Committee for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR in Mongolia, Otto Ivanovich Makstenek. The authors found out that Makstenek wrote a letter to the Mongolian revolutionaries when his official powers ended. The letter speaks of strong friendship with the “Mongolian seven” and the joint struggle, which made it possible to carry out the Mongolian revolution. The letter in the Old Mongolian script first published in a book by Khorlogiin Choibalsan and his party colleagues. The authors introduce into scientific circulation this document translated into Russian.
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Eduard V., Batunaev. "Russian-Mongolian Trade and Economic Relations at the Beginning of the 20th Century: History and Stages of Development." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 6 (December 2021): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-6-20-28.
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For a long time, trade relations in this region have played an important role between agricultural and nomadic cultures. The Great Silk Road, the first trans-Eurasian trade route connecting East Asia and the Mediterranean in antiquity and the Middle Ages, promoted an intensive exchange of goods, interpenetration of cultures, transfer of knowledge and technology. Russia and Mongolia have long common borders, close economic, cultural, and religious ties of border territories. The study shows the development of Russian-Mongolian trade and economic relations, considers the volume of trade, analysis of the range of goods, the ratio of the trade turnover of the Russian-Mongolian trade, the main directions of trade routes, expeditions to study the Mongolian market. The characterization of the rivalry of Russian, Chinese and foreign entrepreneurs in Mongolia is given. Different positions of Russian statesmen, trade circles and the public regarding the prospects of Russian-Mongolian trade are revealed. An assessment of the routes of scientific and trade expeditions in the study of the state of the Mongolian market is given. The problematic sides in the Russian-Mongolian trade and the ways of their solution are revealed. Particular attention is paid to cross-border territories that played an important role in the development of trade and economic relations. In his work, the author relied mainly on the principles of historicism, scientific nature and objectivity, historical-genetic, historical-dynamic, comparative-historical, retrospective methods, which allowed the most complete analysis of the main stages and patterns, dynamics of trade, problems and prospects for the development of Russian Mongolian trade and economic ties. An analysis of Russian-Mongolian trade and economic relations allowed the author to come to the conclusion that, despite the existing problems in the development of trade, Mongolia occupied an important place in the political and economic interests of Russia at the beginning of the 20th century, especially for Siberian commercial and industrial capital, which had common long borders and long-standing trade and economic ties. The study showed that the border territories of Siberia were closely integrated into trade and economic relations with Mongolia and were a kind of outpost in Russia’s Far Eastern policy.
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Wei, Min, Mark Stephan Felix, Seung Chun Paek, and Natthani Meemon. "Traditional Chinese and Mongolian Medicine Utilization Among Hypertensive Older Adults: Community Health Institutions, Hohhot, China." Journal of Population and Social Studies 32 (April 4, 2024): 706–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25133/jpssv322024.041.
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM) systems treat hypertension in community health institutions within China's Inner Mongolia autonomous region. This paper aims to investigate the use and influence of TCM and TMM among hypertensive older Chinese adults receiving treatment at these community health institutions. A cross-sectional survey method was used in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. A total of 1,499 completed questionnaires were collected from eight community health service centers in four municipal districts of Hohhot between May and June 2022. In all, 662 (44.2%) respondents had used community hypertension treatment services in the last year. Of the 662 respondents, 213 (32.2%) used TCM hypertension treatment services, and 64 (9.7%) used TMM treatment services less frequently and at a lower cost. Chinese herbal medicine (63.5%) and Mongolian herbal medicine (74%) were used more than other treatments. Cognition, attitude, and service provision were the main factors that affected service utilization. Ethnicity also had an impact on TMM’s service utilization. Older Chinese adults with hypertension did not fully utilize the TCM and TMM services provided. Further promotion and expansion of traditional medicine are needed from relevant government and health institutions.
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Zul, Zugeerbai, and Hyunwook Cheng. "An Inefficacious Shock Therapy?: A Critical Analysis of Mongolian Neoliberal Reforms." Mongolian Journal of International Affairs 23 (December 29, 2022): 40–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjia.v23i1.2423.
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This research aims to critically review the development process and connotation of neoliberal reform in Mongolia, which has been implemented since 1991 under the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) program. This paper outlines the historical context of the transition, the so-called shock therapy, and analyzes Mongolia’s economic performance and socioeconomic changes after neoliberal reform, particularly focusing on the free market monetary policy. The policy was a crucial turning point for Mongolia, in which neoliberalism almost eliminated the former socialist planned economy and took a dominant position in the Mongolian political economy. Over the past three decades, successive administrations have implemented various measures based on a free monetary policy promoted by the IMF to obtain foreign loans and aid. However, despite the long-term reforms, thorny issues, such as a sharp currency depreciation, soaring debts, unemployment, inflation, budget deficits, poverty, crime, and corruption, still remain unresolved. In short, Mongolia’s shock therapy transition appears to be inefficacious. The nation may need to develop policies that take into account the characteristics of their economy and are able to stabilize people’s livelihoods.
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Takahashi, Yuhei, Niiden Ichinnorov, Sereenen Jargalan, and Bayaraa Batkhishig. "Birth and Developing of Mongolian Geoscientist journal." Mongolian Geoscientist 26, no. 53 (December 30, 2021): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mgs.v26i53.1791.
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Since the publication of the first issue of Mongolian Geoscientist, in October 1996, 25 years have passed and the journal has successfully evolved over a quarter of a century into a periodical publication well-known also outside the borders of Mongolia. Background and episodes of early publications were reviewed by Y.Takahashi, N.Ichinnorov, and S.Jargalan, who were members of the JICA-IGMR project. The present status of Mongolian Geoscientist is that of an internationally peer-reviewed, open-access journal, published by the School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Mongolian University of Science and Technology, with support from the Geological Society of Mongolia; managed by Editor-in-Chief B.Batkhishig, Consultant Editorial Board member O.Gerel, and Associate Editors B.Munkhtsengel, B.Altanzul, and Kh.Tseedulam.
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D., TSEND. "A BRIEF HISTORY OF RESEARCH ON MEDIEVAL FUNERAL SITES IN THE MONGOLIAN ALTAI." Preservation and study of the cultural heritage of the Altai Territory 28 (2022): 392–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/2411-1503.2022.28.56.
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The Mongolian Altai is one of the few Mongolian regions where comprehensive archaeological surveys have been carried out. Excavations in the area have also intensified in recent years. As a result, new sources have been added. Scientific research into medieval burial monuments in this region began in the second half of the 20th century. Their review shows that expeditions are carrying out excavations in the Mongolian Altai mainly on the complexes of the Stone, Bronze and Early Iron Ages, as well as of the Turkic period. Studies of Mongolian burials have been relatively few in comparison with other regions of Mongolia. This article will briefly present the history of the study of the funerary monuments of the developed Middle Ages in the Mongolian Altai.
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Bazarov, Boris V. "Жизнь, отданная науке. К столетию П. Б. Балданжапова." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 616–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2021-4-616-622.
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The purpose of the article is to briefly highlight the main milestones in the life of the famous Buryat scientist P. B. Baldanzhapov, to characterize his scientific researches in the field of Mongolian studies, to discover new, little-known aspects of his activities, to show his role in the development of new fields of science. Introduction. The article was presented as an introductory report at the IV International seminar “Written Heritage and current problems of the history and culture of the Mongolian peoples”, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the birth of the prominent Russian scientist, Mongolist and orientalist P. B. Baldanzhapov (1921–1991), held in Ulan-Ude on September 16–18, 2021. The source base was both published works and unpublished materials stored in the personal archive of the scientist, articles by researchers dedicated to the legacy of P. B. Baldanzhapov. When writing the article, general historical research methods were used, such as historical-comparative, retrospective and chronological, which made it possible to show the life and works of P. B. Baldanzhapov in the process of becoming from a student to a professional. Results. Professional interests of P. B. Baldanzhapov were quite versatile: from collecting and studying monuments of folk folklore, toponymic terms and their interpretation, collecting written monuments in Tibetan and Mongolian languages, what is evidenced by the unique collections of Tibetan and Mongolian works stored in his personal archive, numerous manuscripts of articles and materials on the history of public education, culture, science and librarianship in Mongolia and Tuva, on the history of preserving cultural heritage and organizing their museum display and popularization deposited in his archive, up to studying the Buddhist heritage and promoting its preservation, as well as sources on Indo-Tibetan medicine and many others. Nevertheless, the main passion of his whole life was the study of Mongolian historical treatises.
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Wang, Zhidi, Wuyun Tana Li, Yumin Gao, Xin Xue, Hui Pang, Wenli Hao, Yuan Xia, et al. "Analysis of Dietary Supplement Use and Influencing Factors in the Mongolian Population." BioMed Research International 2022 (March 22, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4064588.
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Objective. Dietary supplements (DS) may improve micronutrient deficiencies, but the unique eating habits and cultural customs of the Chinese Mongolian population affect their choice of DS. Therefore, this study adopted a cross-sectional method to explore the current status of DS use and to assess the influencing factors in the Mongolian population in Inner Mongolia, China. Methods. We used a multistage random cluster sampling method to select 1,434 Mongolian people aged ≥ 18 years in Hohhot and Xilinhot, Inner Mongolia. Data regarding general patient characteristics and DS use through questionnaire surveys were obtained, and the blood plasma was collected for biochemical index detection. The binary logistic regression and decision tree algorithm were used to predict the factors influencing DS use among the Mongolian population. Results. Among 1,434 participants that completed the baseline survey, the usage rate of DS was 18.83%, and more women than men used DS ( P = 0.017 ). Higher use of DS was reported among individuals aged ≤ 34 years , but this difference is not statistically significant ( P = 0.052 ). Usage rate was higher among those living in urban areas ( P < 0.001 ), those with higher education ( P < 0.001 ), those engaged in mental work ( P < 0.001 ), and nonsmokers ( P = 0.019 ). The biochemical test results showed that the proportion of people with abnormal total cholesterol levels using DS was lower ( P = 0.003 ), but that of those with abnormal triglyceride levels using DS was higher ( P = 0.001 ), compared with the proportion of those with normal levels in each case. The most commonly used supplement was calcium (58.15%). Education level was the main factor affecting DS intake. The results of the binary logistic regression model and decision tree model both showed that region, educational level, and abnormal triglyceride levels were significant factors influencing DS intake among Mongolians. Conclusion. Findings from this study indicate that DS intake is uncommon in the Mongolian population. In addition, sex, region, education level, and triglyceride levels may influence DS use.
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Han, Jong-Soo, and Narantsetseg Chinzorigt. "Industrial Structure and Industrial Policy Direction in Mongolia." Korean Association for Mongolian Studies 74 (August 31, 2023): 225–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17292/kams.2023.74.225.
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The industrial structure in Mongolia was made up of the agriculture and stock-farming industry at 13.0%, the mining-manufacturing industry at 45.5%, and the service industry at 43.1% respectively in 2021. This is the typical industrial structure that is shown in developing countries.
The mining industry has been considered the easy and strong major driving sector to economic growth in Mongolia which retains various plentiful resources. And this belief may hinder the transition of the industrial structure of Mongolia to the one of developed countries. To ascertain this belief, we estimate Mongolia's industrial elasticity of economic growth from 1985-2022. The industrial elasticity of economic growth was shown as the stock-farming industry at 2.0%, the mining-manufacturing industry at 12.2%, and the service industry at 11.2% respectively.
The excessive dependency on the mining industry brought about Dutch disease in Mongolia. And the economy has been too weak to the foreign shocks. The industrial policy in Mongolia should be carefully executed to avoid Dutch disease and Mongolia should develop a manufacturing industry in order to achieve stable, and sustainable economic growth and development for the future.
Fortunately, the Mongolian government seems to perceive the necessity of persistent manufacturing industry development in the future. The industrial policy alternatives for breaking from the heavy dependency on the mining industry and fostering the manufacturing industry in Mongolia were listed in “vision-2050, Mongolian long-term development policy”.
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Aktamov, Innokentii, Anna Vinokurova, and Yulia Grigoreva. "Migration processes in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic: the case of Mongolia." Vestnik instituta sotziologii 13, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 70–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.19181/vis.2022.13.3.831.
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The article attempts to characterise the migration processes in Mongolia during the spread of a new coronavirus infection in the context of internal and external migration. The current situation in the global labour market has been put to the test of this extent for the first ever time. Mongolia is no exception in this regard. The government has developed a number of measures aimed at supporting the population of the country during the pandemic, including labour migrants who found themselves in a difficult life situation. The example of Mongolia can be seen as typical in terms of measures to counter the spread of COVID-19. As for the measures of social assistance to its citizens, the case of Mongolia had no analogues in the world, since the government of the country and a number of large companies took over the costs of utility bills. Our study presents the socio-demographic characteristics of internal and external Mongolian migrants, as well as socio-economic parameters that indicate a drop in income levels.
In addition, interview data and a description of the migration strategies of Mongolian citizens are given. The processes of internal migration in Mongolia have formed characteristic trends, that are determined by a sharp gap between the capital - Ulaanbaatar and the country districts (aimags). The study revealed that the pandemic served as an incentive for the return migration of residents from the capital to the aimags. This is due to the individual strategies of citizens - the desire to avoid contact with the potentially infectious people and isolate themselves in the Mongolian steppe. This practice was of an episodic operational nature, and is currently almost not used, but is also one of the unique cases of responding to the spread of a new coronavirus infection. In general, the nature and reasons for the migration of the Mongolians are typical and are due to: the search for a better paid job, career prospects, improved well-being, and are also associated with the expansion of educational, cultural, leisure opportunities and, in general, ensuring the future of children.
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Tsendina, Anna D. "Несколько замечаний о монгольских переводах с тибетского языка." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 15, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2023-2-271-286.
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Introduction. Translations from Tibetan had been of great importance for the making of Mongolian literature. Translation as cultural phenomenon influenced the shaping of standard Mongolian, gave rise to terminological clusters in different spheres of written language, such as philosophy, medicine, astrology, etc. The principles of translation that had emerged in the period of Buddhism’s dissemination in Mongolia still remain instrumental enough in performing translations from other foreign languages. Translations from Tibetan of historical, hagiographical, narrative and other compositions constituted an essential part in the reading agenda of Mongols to further influence the latter’s culture at large. So, Mongolian literature entered the literary zone of northern Buddhism. Goals. The study seeks to raise a question on delineation — with certain frames and peculiarities — of Mongolian national literature. We should also keep in mind that some parts of literature stay beyond this zone and were only partially influenced by the examined phenomenon — historical literature, recorded (and published) epic narratives, folk ritual literature, etc. Results. Our insight into the complex of various traditions demarcates the originality of medieval literature of Mongols. So, translations from the Tibetan language can be considered as a fact of Mongolian culture, as a special feature in the development of Mongolian written traditions — but not as part of Mongolian literature proper.
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Tsendina, Anna D. "Несколько замечаний о монгольских переводах с тибетского языка." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 15, no. 2 (July 31, 2023): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2023-2-113-128.
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Introduction. Translations from Tibetan had been of great importance for the making of Mongolian literature. Translation as cultural phenomenon influenced the shaping of standard Mongolian, gave rise to terminological clusters in different spheres of written language, such as philosophy, medicine, astrology, etc. The principles of translation that had emerged in the period of Buddhism’s dissemination in Mongolia still remain instrumental enough in performing translations from other foreign languages. Translations from Tibetan of historical, hagiographical, narrative and other compositions constituted an essential part in the reading agenda of Mongols to further influence the latter’s culture at large. So, Mongolian literature entered the literary zone of northern Buddhism. Goals. The study seeks to raise a question on delineation — with certain frames and peculiarities — of Mongolian national literature. We should also keep in mind that some parts of literature stay beyond this zone and were only partially influenced by the examined phenomenon — historical literature, recorded (and published) epic narratives, folk ritual literature, etc. Results. Our insight into the complex of various traditions demarcates the originality of medieval literature of Mongols. So, translations from the Tibetan language can be considered as a fact of Mongolian culture, as a special feature in the development of Mongolian written traditions — but not as part of Mongolian literature proper.
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Vanchikova, Tsymzhit P. "Лувсанданзанжалцан (1639–1704) и его роль в истории буддизма в Монголии." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 16, no. 1 (May 15, 2024): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2024-1-8-22.
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Introduction. The article examines the biography of the first Lamyn-gegen Luvsandanzanzhaltsan and his activities in spreading Buddhism in Khalkha-Mongolia in the 17th century. As it is known, biographies of Mongolian lamas are valuable sources not only on the history of Buddhism, but also on general history of Mongolia, which contain information about certain events that have not been preserved in other historical chronicles or documents. The Mongolian lamas Ündür-gegen (1635–1723), Luvsandanzanzhaltsan (1639–1704) and Zaya-pandita Luvsanprinlai (1642–1715) played an important role in the successful spread of Buddhism in Khalkha Mongolia. If the life and activities of Ündür-gegen and Zaya pandita, their role in the history are well studied, the same cannot be said about Luvsandanzanzhaltsan, known as Lamyn-gegen. The purpose of this article is to fill in the gaps about the initial stage of the spread of Buddhism among the Khalkha-Mongolian principalities and about Luvsandanzanzhaltsan, one of the key figures in this process. Materials and methods. Mongolian-language translations of his biography written in Tibetan by Luvsanprinlai, published archival documents on the history of Mongolian monasteries and historical chronicles, publications by D. Dashbadrakh, R. Byamba, D. Ganzorig, S. Soninbayar, S.-I. Yundenbat, containing information on the subject, have been the main sources for the article. Their analyses became the basis for estimating his contribution to the spread of Buddhism and his role in the history of Mongolia in the second half of the 17th century. Within the framework of the study, a set of general scientific and special historical methods was used, which allowed us to consider the role of Lamyn-gegen in connection with the history of Mongolian society of the period under consideration. Results. The biography of Lamyn-gegen, the stages of his studying and becoming a major religious figure are considered. His role in the preparation of lamas and the construction of monasteries is described and brief information about his subsequent reincarnations is given. Attention is paid to the economic basis of the existence of his monasteries and the formation of the institute of shabinars. Conclusions. The results of the study allow us to conclude that Lamyn-gegen has made a great contribution into the spread of Buddhism in Mongolia, alongside with distributing Buddhist teaching and achievements of the centuries-old experience of medieval scientific knowledge of the East. He was the first Mongolian astrologer and emchi-lama, doctor, who has laid the foundation for the study of the heritage of Indo-Tibetan medicine and the creation of its Mongolian branch. He was also a translator of many treatises from Tibetan into Mongolian and a prominent scholar, whose works have been published in 4 volumes.
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Ganbat, Orgilbayar, Oyuntugs Byambasukh, Tserendagva Dalkh, and Byambasuren Dagvajantsan. "Use of Traditional Mongolian Medicine in Children with Concussion." Medicines 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines10010005.
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(1) Background: There is no specific treatment for concussion in modern medicine, and existing treatment is only limited to resting and restoring cognition. For centuries, Mongolians have used traditional Mongolian medicine (TMM) methods to treat a variety of diseases such as Baria zasal. In this study, we aimed to explore the treatment parents and guardians seek when their children have suffered a concussion. (2) Methods: In this study, we used an online questionnaire. The study participants (n = 400) were randomly selected parents and guardians. The definition of bariachi is an advanced practitioner of baria zasal, which covers most of the massage therapy techniques mentioned in this study. (3) Results: In total, 72% of the parents and guardians went to a bariachi when their children suffered a concussion, while only 10.3% chose western medical hospitals. When asked what they did after the initial treatment was not effective, 47.8% of the participants responded that they went to the bariachi. Based on the days of treatment result, 11.8% reported on the beneficial effects of the treatment appearing in one day, and 60.3% in 1–3 days, which shows that the participants suffered a healing effect of the baria zasal shortly after application to their children. In the regression analysis, visiting a Bariachi was independent of age, gender, or even religion. (4) Conclusions: Although Western medicine is highly developed in Mongolia, the baria zasal of TMM has not lost its appeal in treating concussion. This suggests that baria zasal could be a unique method of concussion treatment even today. This also suggests that the techniques of Baria zasal should be further studied, and as in modern medicine.
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Kuzmin, Yuriy, and Oksana Polyanskaya. "Scientific Heritage of the Outstanding Mongolist A.M. Pozdneev: to the Scholars 170th Birth Anniversary." Russian and Chinese Studies 6, no. 1 (May 23, 2022): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2022.6(1).45-55.
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The purpose of the article is to describe the studying of the heritage and scientific biography of the prominent Russian mongolist A.M. Pozdneev (1851–1920), who started studying Mongolia in the period of Qing Empire. The text includes materials on studying process of the research heritage left by the scholar in Russia and presents the main results of his activity. The scientist and encyclopaedist wrote papers on all the areas of Mongolian Studies: history, folklore and literature, ethnography, history of religion, Tibetan medicine, history of science and others. He published 122 papers, including 17 monographs, the overall volume of which is about 400 printed pages. His papers are translated into European and Oriental languages. A significant number of his works remained in manuscripts. A.M. Pozdneev was a good organizer of educational and scientific affairs. He created and was the Rector of the Eastern Institute in Vladivostok from 1899 to 1903. Later he was appointed the Rector of Practical Eastern Academy in the Ministry of Education (a member at the Council of Ministers of National Education). The article determined the place of the Russian scholar in the national and world Mongolian Studies, the specific features of his scientific heritage as well as the need for its further research.
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Miyagasheva, Surzhana B. "«Секретные» болезни у монгольских народов в начале XX в.: традиционные представления и методы лечения." Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 15, no. 3 (December 8, 2023): 446–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2023-3-446-457.
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Introduction. The article examines some traditional ideas of venereal diseases traced in Mongolic cultures, reasons once believed to lie behind them, and treatment methods prescribed by folk and Tibetan medicine. Goals. The study attempts an analysis of medicinal knowledge and experiences used by Buryats and Mongolians to cure venereal diseases in the early twentieth century. Materials and methods. The work employs the comparative method and that of historical-comparative analysis. It focuses on archival collections of S. Baldaev, I. Manzhigeev, works of M. Khangalov and Ts. Jamtsarano for insights into shamanistic views and ideas pertaining to venereal diseases. The corpus of examined works on Tibetan medicine has been compiled from traditional Tibetan and Buryat-Mongolian guides to medicinal drugs and herbs — zhors. Results. The paper shows that despite mythological interpretations of venereal diseases as such did prevail, the Mongolic peoples were distinguished by a completely rational understanding of syndromes and course patterns characteristic of certain venereal diseases.
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XiGui, HuHe, and Si Qintu. "Observation on the Curative Effect of Mongolian Medicine Warm Acupuncture Combined with Mongolian Medicine Sumu-6 Decoction in the Treatment of Lumbar Disc Herniation." Journal of Medicine and Health Science 2, no. 1 (March 2024): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jmhs.202405107.
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This paper is to analyze the clinical significance of Mongolian medicine warm acupuncture combined with Mongolian medicine Sumu-6 decoction in the treatment of patients with lumbar disc herniation. The starting time of the trial was set from October 2022 to October 2023, and patients with lumbar disc herniation were taken as test samples. 70 cases were divided into two groups by random number method, namely, the study group and the conventional group, each with 35 cases. The former group received Mongolian warm acupuncture combined with Mongolian medicine Sumu-6 decoction, and the latter group received conventional acupuncture treatment. Results: The VAS and ODI scores of the study group were significantly lower than those of the conventional group, and the treatment effect of the patients was higher (p < 0.05). For patients with lumbar disc herniation, it is better to provide Mongolian medicine warm acupuncture combined with Mongolian medicine Sumu-6 decoction.
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Surzhko, A. V. "NOVOSIBIRSK AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF RUSSIAN-MONGOLIAN RELATIONS IN 1990S–2015: SOME CHARACTERISTICS." Northern Archives and Expeditions 6, no. 1 (March 30, 2022): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.31806/2542-1158-2022-6-1-78-87.
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The article presents a historical picture of the behavior of Russia and Mongolia in the post-Soviet period on the example of Novosibirsk — the largest Siberian city, which is at the same time a trade, business, cultural, transport, educational and scientific center of the region. Despite the fact that the history of modern Russian-Mongolian relations is fairly well represented in Russian historiography. This study aims to partially fill this gap. The source base of the study was documents from the funds of the Novosibirsk City Archives (NGA), materials from the central regional newspaper "Soviet Siberia" and Internet resources. Novosibirsk was one of those Russian cities that took part in the intensification of Russian-Mongolian relations in the 1990s. and their fruitful development in the 2000–2010s. The most active Novosibirsk- Mongolian cooperation began to develop from the mid-1990s, and reached its peak in 2015, when Novosibirsk and the capital of Mongolia, Ulan Bator, concluded an agreement on the establishment of twinning relations between the cities for a period of five years ... An important moment in modern Russian-Mongolian relations can also be called the visit of Mongolian President N. Enkhbayar to Novosibirsk in 2006. First of all, trade, economic, political, scientific, educational and cultural ties, the city took an important place in the system of bilateral relations. Russian-Mongolian cooperation in Novosibirsk contributed to the fact that relations between states were built in the spirit of a comprehensive strategic partnership and continue to actively develop in this direction.
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Rapatskaya, L. A. "On the 50th anniversary of the Kerulen International Geological Expedition." Earth sciences and subsoil use 46, no. 2 (July 20, 2023): 244–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2686-9993-2023-46-2-244-256.
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The purpose of the presented article is to summarize the results of the half-century work of the Kerulen International Geological Expedition engaged in industrial, educational and research activities in Russia, Mongolia and China. The Irkutsk Polytechnic Institute (currently Irkutsk National Research University) began to train Mongolian students in 1961. Due to the difficulties of training Mongolian students, a preparatory department was organized, where future students could master the Russian language. The author deals with the relevant issues of Russian-Mongolian cooperation in the fields of higher education and science at the Irkutsk Polytechnic Institute. On the basis of archival materials and published works, the training processes of academic, scientific and engineering staff for Mongolia have been analyzed. The article presents the results of a large-scale mapping on the territory of 2500 km2 based of which the deposits of coal, fluorite, tungsten, tin and placer gold were discovered. The paper also gives a comprehensive assessment of the practical and research activities of the expedition presented in the materials of the 21 scientific conferences held every 2 years in Russia, Mongolia and China.
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Safavi-Abbasi, Sam, Leonardo B. C. Brasiliense, Ryan K. Workman, Melanie C. Talley, Iman Feiz-Erfan, Nicholas Theodore, Robert F. Spetzler, and Mark C. Preul. "The fate of medical knowledge and the neurosciences during the time of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian Empire." Neurosurgical Focus 23, no. 1 (July 2007): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc-07/07/e13.
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✓In 25 years, the Mongolian army of Genghis Khan conquered more of the known world than the Roman Empire accomplished in 400 years of conquest. The recent revised view is that Genghis Khan and his descendants brought about “pax Mongolica” by securing trade routes across Eurasia. After the initial shock of destruction by an unknown barbaric tribe, almost every country conquered by the Mongols was transformed by a rise in cultural communication, expanded trade, and advances in civilization. Medicine, including techniques related to surgery and neurological surgery, became one of the many areas of life and culture that the Mongolian Empire influenced.
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Kuzmin, Yuri. "Mongolian Studies in the Czech Republic: Personalities, Centers, Current State." Russian and Chinese Studies 5, no. 3 (December 29, 2021): 185–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2021.5(3).185-191.
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Nowadays, improving international relations and strengthening international ties are leading trends in the development of world economy. In the epoch of globalization, both western and eastern countries are trying to promote close mutually profitable partnership relations between countries, because it can serve as a trigger for their further gradual development. As it can be observed in the practice, in the 21st century, the dialogue between the developed European countries and the actively developing East is becoming especially successful and efficient for both parties. One of the unique examples of the interest of the West towards the East is the development of Oriental and Mongolian studies in the Czech Republic. Its climax can be observed in the 20th century. The author of the article proves that contemporary Mongolian studies in the Czech Republic play a significant role in European Oriental studies. Analysis of the scientific contribution of the leading Czech specialists in Mongolian studies: P. Poucha, Lumir Iisl, Ya. Vacek, I. Shima, I. Grollova is conducted. A brief description of the current state of Mongolian studies in Charles University in Prague, the Czech Republic is given. The author draws a conclusion about the presence of scientific interest towards Mongolian linguistics and culture in Europe, which contributes to strengthening cultural identity of Mongolia. On the basis of continuity of research and the presence of an original scientific school of Mongolian studies in the Czech Republic, the author makes an assumption about the possibility of extending research of the issues of economy and economic geography of Mongolia, which will, undoubtedly, contribute to strengthening the relations between the countries.
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Bazarov, Boris. "VII International Forum of the Association of Expert Centers of Russia, China and Mongolia: Key Issues and Prospects for Cooperation." Asia and Africa Today, no. 2 (2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750024410-3.
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The paper presents a brief overview of the VII Forum of Expert Centers of Russia,China and Mongolia. The forum is one of the platforms for the implementation of the global initiative “One Belt and One Road”, as well as the discussion of specific mechanisms for the building up the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor. Since 2015, six International Forums have been held in various formats. Representatives of Mongolia, Russia and China alternately hosted the Forum. Today we can assert that the Forum has given a great incentive to the development of practical cooperation between Russia, China and Mongolia. Scientists, experts, teachers of universities, government officials of the three countries took part in the Forum. The forum was guided by the results of bilateral meetings between the leaders of Russia and China, Russia and Mongolia. The main organizer of the VII Forum was the Center for Macroeconomic Research of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (PR China). The Russian side was represented by the Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Mongolian side by the Mongolian State University. The main part of the forum was represented by 12 scientific reports, which were conditionally divided into two key topics: “Deepening cooperation in the field of new energy and agriculture between Russia, China and Mongolia” and “Strengthening cooperation in cross-border e-commerce between Russia, China and Mongolia”. Experts from the three countries presented an analysis of the main trends in the development of cooperation in modern conditions, and proposed mechanisms for overcoming existing barriers.
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Haritonova, Elena V. "The First International Conference of the Mongolian Federation of Scientists." Asia and Africa Today, no. 4 (2023): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750025338-3.
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. In October 2022, the First International Conference of the Mongolian Federation of Scientists (MFSW) and the Mongolian University of Natural Sciences (MULS) was held in Ulaanbaatar. The Mongolian Federation of Scientists is an associate member of the World Federation of Scientists (WFNR) and, like the parent organization, solves problems related to ensuring sustainable development and the responsibility of scientists to prevent the use of their scientific achievements against Humanity. The conceptual basis of the conference was the scientific developments of scientists from Mongolia and other countries in the field of mathematics, history, archeology, other humanities and natural sciences. The conference called on scientists to make efforts to create a new ethical development map leading to a balanced and peaceful existence with sustainable development, equitable distribution of wealth and reasonable and environmentally friendly use of natural resources. The problem of African development, African ethics and values was widely discussed. The conference was attended by scientists from Mongolia, Russia, Afghanistan and Spain, 14 scientific reports were heard.