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Journal articles on the topic 'Mongour language'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

GARAMTSEREN, BAYARJARGAL. "Re-Establishment of the Christian Church in Mongolia: The Mongolian Standard Version Translation by National Christians." Unio Cum Christo 2, no. 2 (2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.35285/ucc2.2.2016.art3.

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Abstract: This paper has two main parts: the history of Christianity in Mongolia and the history of Bible translation in the Mongolian language. The history of Christianity in Mongolia and among the Mongols, especially before and during the Mongol Empire, is largely understudied and unknown. I will attempt to show that four tribes, the Kerait, the Naiman, the Onguud, and the Uyghur, who were important parts of the Mongol Empire, had already become Christian, with their own church structures and tradition, by the thirteenth century. Giving the history of Christianity up until the present time,

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Mel’nik, Yuliya A. "Foreign Language Accent in Russian Speech of the Mongols As a Result of Interference of Language Systems." Review of Omsk State Pedagogical University. Humanitarian research, no. 30 (2021): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36809/2309-9380-2021-30-72-76.

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The article analyses the most typical phonetic and intonational mistakes that arise in the speech of the Mongols when mastering the Russian language. Such mistakes create a specific foreign accent, and can be an obstacle to successful communication. Phonetic and intonational differences in the speech of the Russian-speaking Mongols are due to the influence of the phonological system of their native language, as well as the diverse structure of the compared languages (consonant and vocal), the discrepancy of articulation bases, and the peculiarities of the organization of the super-segment leve

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3

Kadyrbaev, Alexander Sh. "Chinese Language and Confucianism as an Instrument of Mongolian Adaptation in China during Yuan Epoch (13th–14th Centuries)." Oriental Courier, no. 1-2 (2021): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310015768-2.

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The article is devoted to the topic of the acculturation of the Mongol conquerors in China after the conquest by the first heirs of Genghis Khan and the creation of the Yuan Empire — the Mongol state in China. The history of China in the 13th-14th centuries, when the country was conquered by its neighbors, is a vivid example of the relationship between a nomadic and a centuries-old sedentary ethnos. At that time, the Chinese language and the teachings of Confucius became instruments for the acculturation of the Mongols. Having conquered China, the Mongol rulers were forced to master the Chines

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Waugh, Daniel C. "The ‘owl of misfortune’ or the ‘phoenix of prosperity’? Re-thinking the impact of the Mongols." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 1 (2017): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.euras.2016.11.004.

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The impact of Mongol conquests across Eurasia is still controversial: did they destroy everything in their path or rather create a “Mongol peace” under which the Silk Road exchanges flourished? Too often medieval authors are cited merely for their negative reaction to the Mongols. Yet both the written sources and evidence from archeology show a picture of some complexity that requires critical analysis. The emphasis here is on archeology, often ignored or slighted by historians of the Mongols, and on evidence from Central Asia and Eastern Europe, primarily as reported in Russian-language schol

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Wallenböck, U. "Memory and Identity: Tashi Tsering, the Last <i>Qinwang</i> South of the Yellow River." Vestnik NSU. Series: History and Philology 21, no. 10 (2022): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2022-21-10-51-62.

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Today’s Henan Mongol Autonomous County is located in the southeastern part of present-day Qinghai Province, in the northeastern part of the Tibetan plateau. This historical pastoral area South of the Yellow River is a border area where, a milieu was created due to the long-term mutual contacts between Tibetans and Mongols, in which specific local customs, language patterns, and social communities have emerged. The initial turning point in their ethnical and cultural identity was the integration into the modern Chinese State in 1954, followed by ethnic classification. Moreover the local pastora

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Drobyshev, Yuliy. "Reflection of Mongolian imperial ideas in the medieval Byzantium sources." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 1 (2022): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080013354-6.

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The article uses materials of Byzantine historical works of the XIII-XIV centuries to further develop the author’s work in the sphere of Imperial ideology of the medieval Mongols. The special geopolitical position of Byzantium, as well as controversies among descendants of Genghis Khan, have caused peculiarities of its relations with the Mongol Empire, and later with the states of Juchids and Khulaguids, and allowed it to remain independent. Byzantine historians described the Mongols from the position of external observers, so their information is relatively scarce, but important for understan

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Osipian, Alexandr. "Armenian Involvement in the Latin-Mongol Crusade: Uses of the Magi and Prester John in Constable Smbat’s Letter and Hayton of Corycus’s “Flos historiarum terre orientis,” 1248-1307." Medieval Encounters 20, no. 1 (2014): 66–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700674-12342157.

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Abstract This paper examines the issue of how Armenians and Nestorians in the Mongol service used the Western legends about the Orient to influence the crusading plans of the Latin Christians between 1248 and 1307. In particular, it considers the role of the ruling elite of Cilician Armenia as mediators between Mongols and Franks in Outremer, first discussing the Letter of Cilician Constable Smbat (1248), and then examining the treatise “Flos historiarum terre orientis” by Hayton of Corycus (Het’um/Haitonus, 1307) with the crusading proposal contained in it. This article examines the narrative

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Chushkaeva, Zayana Igorevna. "Reflexes of Proto-Mongolian Vowels in South Mongolian Languages." Proceedings of the Institute for System Programming of the RAS 35, no. 6 (2023): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15514/ispras-2023-35(6)-21.

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The Mongolian languages are a language family that includes several closely related languages of Mongolia, China, Russia and Afghanistan. According to lexicostatistics, they broke up around the 5th century AD. Dagur, Shira-Yugur, Dongxiang, Bao'an, Tu (Monguor) are commonly referred to as South Mongolian languages. The South Mongolian languages, in comparison with other groups of Mongolian languages, were influenced by Chinese and Turkic languages, various historical events had an undoubted influence on them.

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Drobyshev, Yuliy. "Ideology of the World Domination in “The History of the World-Conqueror” by Ata-Melik Juvaini." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 1 (2023): 163. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080021665-8.

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The subject of this article in the light of the Mongol imperial ideology is the work “History of the World-Conqueror” by the Persian historian and prominent statesman Ata-Melik Juvaini (1226–1283). Juvaini was in the Mongolian service and visited Karakorum, so he was able to capture many facts, as well as legends, reflecting the ideas of Genghis Khan and the Mongolian elite about their “world-building” role assigned to them by their supreme deity – the Eternal Blue Sky. Juvaini outlines some of the rulings of the Great Yasa, from which it becomes obvious that this is not a monument of the cust

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Sergeev, Tikhon S. "ETHNOCULTURE OF THE MONGOLS IN THE WORKS OF ORIENTALIST N.Ya. BICHURIN." Historical Search 3, no. 2 (2022): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2022-3-2-95-104.

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The article is dedicated to the role of a native of Chuvashia, an outstanding learned monk, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, founder of Russian sinology N.Ya. Bichurin (1777–1853) in the study and popularization of the ethnoculture of the Mongols in the XIX century. Mongol studies date back to the XIII century, the time of Genghis Khan, who created a vast and powerful Mongol Empire. It was a memoir of ambassadors and travelers, Western European Christian missionaries. In the XIX century, the center of world Mongolian studies was concentrated in Russia, where A.L. Leonti

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Gamba, Rovshan. "TURKOLOGICAL RESEARCH OF CZECH SCIENTIST LUDEK HRJEBICEK." InterConf, no. 13(109) (May 20, 2022): 157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.51582/interconf.19-20.05.2022.020.

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In the early Middle Ages, the Western Hun state, the Tatars as part of the Mongols, the Ottoman Empire and the Crimean Tatars in the Middle Ages and the New Age, the Turkic-speaking states that became union republics within the USSR in modern history, and the recent history of independent Turkic-speaking states including Azerbaijan. Cultural, socio-economic relations have had a profound impact on the history, culture and daily life of the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary and other European countries. Historians and philologists such as Jan Rybka, Josef Blaszkiewicz, Ludek Hrjebicek have train

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Zhang, Hanbin. "Coarticulation of Triphthongs in Monguor Language." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 423 (November 7, 2018): 012118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/423/1/012118.

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Tuo, Jianing. "Between Colonialism and Despotism." Prism 18, no. 2 (2021): 538–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/25783491-9290712.

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Abstract The Mengjiang 蒙疆 puppet regime was established in Inner Mongolia by Japanese colonizers, in collaboration with the Mongolian Prince Demchugdongrub, during the Second Sino-Japanese War. The Mengjiang regime tried to revive Mongolian culture in the name of resisting Chinese despotism. However, the Japanese supported the Mongols' desire for “self-determination” merely to use it as a vehicle for their colonial designs. Through a close reading of several texts that appeared in Sinophone magazines published in Japanese-occupied Inner Mongolia during the war, this article explicates the dist

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Abzalov, Lenar F., Marat S. Gatin, Ilyas A. Mustakimov та Roman Yu Pochekaev. "Улуг битикчи — тюрко-монгольский институт, интегрированный в систему мусульманской администрации чингизидских государств XIII–XIV вв. (по материалам «Дастур ал-катиб»)". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 15, № 1 (2023): 8–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2023-1-8-28.

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Introduction. The article examines a yarliq from the medieval Persian treatise Dastur al-Katib to characterize the institution of ulug bitigchi that used to be widespread in the Mongol Empire and states of Genghis Khan’s descendants. Goals. The study attempts an interdisciplinary analysis of the historical monument — one yarliq appointing an ulug bitigchi (head of scribes) and contained in Dastur al-Katib fi Tayin al-Maratib (A Scribe’s Guide to Determining Ranks) compiled in the mid-14th century by Persian official Muhammad ibn Hindushah Nakhchivani. Materials and methods. The paper focuses o

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Dzhagrunov, Sanal V. "Дурбан, ойрат, сог-по: о Борте-Чино, Гоа-Марал и началах ойратской исторической общности (в свете данных по субкладу Y-хромосомы R2a-M124 у калмыков)". Oriental studies 16, № 6 (2023): 1550–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-70-6-1550-1561.

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Introduction. The paper develops the idea of a hypothesized ethnogenetic succession of the Chonos and related groups from the legendary Bӧrtä-Čïno within the ‘Mongol’ Y-chromosomal subclade of R2a-M124 among Kalmyks (Oirats and Mongols at large), attempts ethnonymic reconstructions for potential ancestral communities from the designated period. Goals. The study attempts an analysis of ethnographic, linguistic and historical data proper in light of R2a-M124 Y-STR haplotypes of Kalmyks, and deepens the hypothesis suggesting ethnohistorical (ethnogenetic) succession of Oirats and Mongols’ ancesto

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Faris Mas’ud and Nuryuliani. "PERANCANGAN APLIKASI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA ASING YANG INTERAKTIF MENGGUNAKAN METODE MERN." Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik 3, no. 1 (2024): 96–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.56127/juit.v3i1.1197.

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There are many ways to learn some foreign language. Some people are afraid to learn a foreign language because they are afraid of the high costs. This can be solved by using a website-based online chat application, which provides features for practicing foreign language conversations. The "Website-based Online Chat" application applies MERN stack technology (MongoDB, Express JS, React JS, Node JS). The design of this application aims to provide an interactive and effective foreign language learning experience. The "Online Chat" application allows users to interact directly via the chat feature

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Testa, Giuseppina Aurora. ""Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba" (Illustrated Account of the Mongol Invasions)." Eikon / Imago 9 (July 3, 2020): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/eiko.73275.

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This paper is a study of a Japanese illustrated handscroll produced in the late Kamakura period (1185-1333), the Mōko Shūrai Ekotoba, that provides an invaluable pictorial account of the two attempted Mongol invasions of Japan in the years 1274 and 1281. It was copied and restored, with some images significantly altered, during the Edo period (1615-1868). While in the original handscroll the appearances of the foreign Mongols were depicted as accurately as possible, the figures added later show exaggerated features and distortions that correspond to new modes of imagining and representing peop

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Kula, Marcin. "Królestwo Goryeo wobec najazdu mongolskiego w XIII wieku." Gdańskie Studia Azji Wschodniej, no. 24 (December 2023): 237–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/23538724gs.23.036.19029.

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The Kingdom of Goryeo and the Mongol invasion in the thirteenth century In the thirteenth century, vast areas of Eurasia witnessed the Mongols’ destructive expansion initiated by Chinggis Khan and continued by his successors. It also extended to the Kingdom of Goryeo, which was founded in 918 by Wang Geon. For almost three centuries, the country in question conducted a skilful foreign policy towards its more powerful neighbours, but from 1170 it was in an incessant internal crisis caused by a military revolt. Subsequently, in 1196, General Choe Chungheon took over the reins of government, marg

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Drobyshev, Yuliy. "Ideology of the Mongol World Domination in “The Collection of Chronicles” by Rashid al-Din." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2023): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080024941-2.

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The article presents the results obtained in the course of work on identifying plots in medieval written sources that demonstrate manifestations of the Mongol imperial ideology and allow not only to clearly identify its contours and content, but also to establish with the greatest possible accuracy the moment of transition of the Mongols from predatory and punitive expeditions to systematic subordination of the whole known world space. To achieve this goal, materials contained in the collective work “Collection of Chronicles” (“Jami al-tawarikh”) were analyzed, the compiler and, apparently, th

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Zhang, Hanbin. "Acoustic Analysis of Nasal Vowels in Monguor Language." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 242 (September 2017): 012132. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/242/1/012132.

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Biambazhav, Baiarzhargal. "A study of cases of correspondence of constructions with postpositions to serial verb constructions (based on the material of Mongolian language texts of the 13th, 17th and 20th centuries)." Ethnic Culture 5, no. 4 (2023): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31483/r-107600.

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The article deals with cases of correspondence of constructions with postpositions to serial verbal constructions, an attempt is made to identify the typological features of verbal serialization in the Mongolian language. As a research material, written monuments of different time slices of the Mongolian language are used, namely Latin transcription of the chronicle “The Secret History of the Mongols” of the XIII century; the chronicle “Altan tobchi” of the 17th century; translation of the “Secret History of the Mongol” into the modern Mongolian language of the XX century. Based on the analysi

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Mustakimov, Ilias A., Roman Yu Pochekaev, Lenar F. Abzalov та Marat S. Gatin. "Институт букаула в тюрко-монгольских государствах: хулагуидская, джучидская и чагатайская традиция". Oriental studies 16, № 4 (2023): 702–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2023-68-4-702-717.

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Introduction. The article examines the institution of bukaul in Chinggisid states and their successors. Special attention is given to functions implemented by the official in the uluses of Hulagu, Jochi and Chagatai — and the former’s evolution throughout centuries. It is also explained why the functions tended to vary in different Turko-Mongol states. Goals. The study seeks to characterize the status of bukaul in Chinggisid and post-Chinggisid states. To facilitate this, the paper introduces a Russian translation and an interdisciplinary analysis of one legislative act — yarliq (decree) — app

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Nanzatov, Bair Z., and Vladimir V. Tishin. "Toward the History of Tatars of Inner Asia: An Attempt to Identify Tribal Names." Golden Horde Review 9, no. 1 (2021): 8–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2021-9-1.8-27.

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Research objectives: This article attempts to correlate the names of the tribes of the Tatars mentioned in both the “Secret History of the Mongols” and Rashīd ad-Dīn al-Ṭabīb’s “Jāmī al-Tawārīkh”. Also, it contains separate remarks regarding the localization of certain tribal groups and later historical population groups among the Turkic and Mongol peoples, which could have a historical connection with the considered groups. At one time, P. Pelliot conducted similar work in his exhaustive study. Since then, the extension of the source base allows one to offer some adjustments of the reconstruc

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Bakaeva, Elza P. "Нойон Галдама в письменной и народной традиции монгольских народов". Oriental Studies 15, № 6 (2022): 1271–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-64-6-1271-1292.

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Introduction. Oirat old-script texts tell us about the prominent historical figure of Noyon Galdma (Kalm., Oir. Һалдма, Һалдмба; Mong. Галдамаа, Галдамбаа), son of Khan Ochirtu-Tsetsen, grandson of Khan Baibagas of the Khoshuts and Khong Tayiji Erdeni-Baatar of Dzungaria. The image and memory of Galdama has been preserved in oral folklore of Mongols. Goals. The article attempts a review of studies to have dealt with Galdama, seeks to analyze the reasons underlying his popularity in Mongolic folklore traditions, and reveal peculiarities of the image characteristic of different genres. Results.

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Sundueva, Ekaterina V. "Toponymic Space of the Written Monument True Records of the Mongols of the Qing Empire." Вопросы Ономастики 19, no. 2 (2022): 164–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/vopr_onom.2022.19.2.021.

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The author considers the layer of the 17th — early 18th centuries Mongolian place names presented in the written monument Dayičing ulus-un mongɣul-un maɣad qauli (True Records of the Mongols of the Qing Empire), published in the old-written Mongolian language in six volumes in Hohhot (China) in 2013. The considered monument of written culture contains a colossal amount of information of various kinds and touches upon a wide range of ethnic, cultural, linguistic, political, social, and religious aspects of the life of the Mongols. The study of such works is valuable in that they represent ancie

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Dhondup, Yangdon. "Writers at the Crossroads: The Mongolian-Tibetan Authors Tsering Dondup and Jangbu." Inner Asia 4, no. 2 (2002): 225–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/146481702793647434.

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AbstractThe Mongolian Autonomous county of Henan, known in Tibetan as Malho or Sogpo, raises interesting questions about representation and identity. The paper, by tracing the history of education of this county from 1950 onwards, argues that the Mongols from Henan re-defined their identity through state-sponsored policies and with the active involvement of the elite. As a case study, the paper introduces two authors from this county, Tsering Dondup and Jangbu (Dorje Tsering), who write only in Tibetan language and have made a name with their works. Their identity is, however, a contested issu

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Hamaji, Kohei, and Yukikazu Nakamoto. "A MongoDB Document Reconstruction Support System Using Natural Language Processing." Software 3, no. 2 (2024): 206–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/software3020010.

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Document-oriented databases, a type of Not Only SQL (NoSQL) database, are gaining popularity owing to their flexibility in data handling and performance for large-scale data. MongoDB, a typical document-oriented database, is a database that stores data in the JSON format, where the upper field involves lower fields and fields with the same related parent. One feature of thisdocument-oriented database is that data are dynamically stored in an arbitrary location without explicitly defining a schema in advance. This flexibility violates the above property and causes difficulties for application p

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Porsin, Artem, and Zukhra Junissova. "Eastern and Western Hungarians in the Uluses of Chagatai and Jochi." Stratum plus. Archaeology and Cultural Anthropology, no. 5 (October 31, 2023): 307–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55086/sp235307333.

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The purpose of the study is to identify the links between the groups referred to in the sources of the XIII—XV centuries as “Magyars” or “Hungarians” with nomadic Hungarians or subjects of the Hungarian king who were taken to the east after the Mongol invasion. Traditionally, the first recorded contact between Catholic missionaries and Eastern Hungarians dates back to 1235. However, there is a reason to date the first journey of Julian not to 1234—1235, but to 1221—1222. Julian described two groups of Eastern Hungarians. The first on was located on the territory of the Volga Bulgaria. Those pe

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Tsybenov, Bazar D. "Языки и диалекты национальных меньшинств Хулун-Буира как объект исследования". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 12, № 4 (2020): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2020-4-615-624.

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Introduction. The article examines languages of some national minorities living in the Hulun Buir Urban District of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (PRC). The study is relevant since the Han majority subjects national minorities to strong linguistic assimilation. Timely study of the languages and dialects of this region is necessary for a comparative analysis with the languages of the Mongolic and Tungus-Manchu peoples living in Russia. Goals. The research primarily aims to examine some aspects of linguistic studies in publications of Inner Mongolia’s philologists. The work solves the fol

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Hanbin, Zhang. "Acoustic Effects of Consonant Positions on Vowels in Monguor Language." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1213 (June 2019): 052010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1213/5/052010.

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Sodnompilova, Marina M. "Орографические объекты «Сокровенного сказания монголов» (Mongγol-un niγuča tobčiyan) в контексте исторической географии Внутренней Азии". Oriental Studies 13, № 5 (2020): 1349–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2020-51-5-1349-1358.

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Introduction. Investigation of the space once invaded and reclaimed by the Mongolic peoples is one of the pressing problems in the history of nomadic societies. Goals. The paper seeks to investigate names of positive topographic forms, analyze written sources reflecting the formation of the Mongol Empire for oronyms inherent to the medieval Mongolian language, and determine their localization. Materials and Methods. Historical geography stresses the significance of one stage in the Mongolian invasion of Inner Asia reflected in famous historical monuments, such as The Secret History of the Mong

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Tsybenova, Ch S., and V. G. Zhalsanova. "Russian Language in Everyday Discourse of Mongols (Data from an Expert Survey)." Nauchnyi dialog 11, no. 6 (2022): 158–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24224/2227-1295-2022-11-6-158-181.

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The results of a study conducted in 2021 and devoted to the analysis of the current position of the Russian language in Mongolian society is presented in the article. The relevance of the study is due to the need to analyze the changes taking place in the minds of the Mongols regarding the Russian language, and to search for further prospects for its functioning in Mongolia. The impossibility of conducting a mass questionnaire survey due to the pandemic of a new coronavirus infection led to the choice of an expert survey as the main research method. The factors leading to the weakening of the

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Holik, Martin, Tomas Horvath, Vaclav Oujezsky, Petr Munster, Adrian Tomasov, and Sobeslav Valach. "MongoDB Database as Storage for GPON Frames." Sensors 20, no. 21 (2020): 6208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20216208.

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This work is focused on creating an open-source software-based solution for monitoring traffic transmitted through gigabit passive optical network. In this case, the data are captured by the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) card and reassembled using parsing software from a passive optical network built on the International Telecommunication Unit telecommunication section (ITU-T) G.984 gigabit-capable passive optical network GPON recommendation. Then, the captured frames are converted by suitable software into GPON frames, which will be further processed for analysis. Due to the high trans

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Qiu, Yihao. "Understanding the Career of Mongolian Speakers in the Mamluk Sultanate: A Comparative Perspective." Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia 36 (2023): 199–228. http://dx.doi.org/10.60018/acasva.sdxh8192.

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As an aspect of the linguistic landscape in the Mamluk Sultanate, the role and career of Mongolian speakers remain open to discussion. Through analysis of the primary sources of various genres from different parts of Mongol and post-Mongol Eurasia, this article overviews the Mongolian language and its speakers in the circle of Mamluk Sultan’s Court. Furthermore, compared with the Persian and Chinese sources, I try to point out the similarities of Mongolian education in the Mamluk Sultanate and the Mongol Empire. In addition, the complexity of the relationship between language acquisition and k

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Drobyshev, Yuliy. "Chinggis Khan and the Idea of World Domination." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 1 (2024): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080027500-7.

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The article proposes a solution to the question of Temujin/ Chinggis Khan’s plans for world domination. Based on reports of a number of medieval sources, the author comes to the conclusion that his military campaigns pursued specific goals mostly to take revenge on numerous enemies and were not a part of a common aggressive plan. After uniting nomadic tribes and pacifying borderlands, Chinggis Khan usually reacted severely to external challenges, and his first campaignto Xi Xia and Jin were predatory. At the same time, the war did not always imply seizure of foreign territories, or the Mongols

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Tsendina, Anna D. "Несколько замечаний о монгольских переводах с тибетского языка". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 15, № 2 (2023): 271–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2023-2-271-286.

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Introduction. Translations from Tibetan had been of great importance for the making of Mongolian literature. Translation as cultural phenomenon influenced the shaping of standard Mongolian, gave rise to terminological clusters in different spheres of written language, such as philosophy, medicine, astrology, etc. The principles of translation that had emerged in the period of Buddhism’s dissemination in Mongolia still remain instrumental enough in performing translations from other foreign languages. Translations from Tibetan of historical, hagiographical, narrative and other compositions cons

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Tsendina, Anna D. "Несколько замечаний о монгольских переводах с тибетского языка". Монголоведение (Монгол судлал) 15, № 2 (2023): 113–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2500-1523-2023-2-113-128.

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Introduction. Translations from Tibetan had been of great importance for the making of Mongolian literature. Translation as cultural phenomenon influenced the shaping of standard Mongolian, gave rise to terminological clusters in different spheres of written language, such as philosophy, medicine, astrology, etc. The principles of translation that had emerged in the period of Buddhism’s dissemination in Mongolia still remain instrumental enough in performing translations from other foreign languages. Translations from Tibetan of historical, hagiographical, narrative and other compositions cons

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White, Thomas. "Pastoralism and the State in China’s Inner Mongolia." Current History 120, no. 827 (2021): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/curh.2021.120.827.227.

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The Chinese government has downgraded use of the Mongol language in schools in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and is now using its brand of state environmentalism to rein in Mongol pastoralists, blaming them for the degradation of grasslands. By targeting language and land use, the two pillars of Mongol autonomy, the state has shown that it is prepared to override the very limited forms of autonomy still enjoyed by China’s minority nationalities. Mongol leaders are responding by working within the state and its discourses to preserve pastoralism, casting herders not as keepers of a time

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LANE, GEORGE. "Intellectual jousting and the Chinggisid Wisdom Bazaars." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 26, no. 1-2 (2016): 235–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1356186315000747.

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In recent years the image of the Mongols has undergone a steady change. This shift reflects a growing interest in the development of the Chinggisid Empire and its assimilation of the peoples and cultures that it absorbed and conversely the absorption, not always voluntarily, of things Mongol by the sedentary cultures which acted as the Mongols’ hosts. It was not only military technology, cuisine, medicine, art, and the practicalities and instruments for enhancing the quality of life and commerce which were exchanged but the intellectual ideas and ideals which underpinned the life styles of tho

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Dybo, Anna V., Viktoria V. Kukanova, Saglara V. Mirzaeva, Evgeny V. Bembeev, Vladimir N. Mushaev та Vyacheslav N. Khoninov. "Названия неба в монгольских языках: этимология и семантика". Oriental Studies 15, № 6 (2022): 1333–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.22162/2619-0990-2022-64-6-1333-1351.

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Introduction. The articles examines etymologies and semantics of Mongolic words denoting the sky. The system of astronomical terms in Mongolic languages is structurally complicated due to multiple layers of pre-Buddhist, Buddhist and other beliefs adopted by proto-Mongols. Goals. The work aims to identify etymological and semantic dominants characterizing this thematic group within the common Mongolic vocabulary. The concept of sky clusters with most basic ones, and lexemes to denote it are to be found in each and every language. Materials and methods. The study examines dictionaries of Mongol

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Gilli-Elewy, Hend. "Al-awādi al-ğāmia: A Contemporary Account of the Mongol Conquest of Baghdad, 656/1258." Arabica 58, no. 5 (2011): 353–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157005811x561569.

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AbstractThis article contains a translation (Arabic-English) with introduction and commentary of the events of years 655/1257 and 656/1258 of al-Ḥawādiṯ al-ğāmiʿa including two qaīdas, written by an Iraqi anonymous author. It deals with the conquest of Baghdad by the Mongols and the death of the last Abbasid caliph al-Mustaʿṣim. Al-Ḥawādiṯ al-ğāmiʿa is a very interesting local Iraqi chronicle of the VIIth/XIIIth century and provides an abundance of detail that is not to be found elsewhere. Historiography of the period can often be divided along Arabic-Mamluk and Persian-Mongol lines; however,

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Wuriqimuge. "Common words for Solon Evenki and Buryatia Mongolian." SHS Web of Conferences 168 (2023): 03014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202316803014.

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The Solon Ewenki and the Buryat Mongols both belong to cross-border peoples, living in China, Mongolia and Russia. The Solon Ewenki and Buryat Mongols in China live in the China-Mongolia-Russia border areas of Hulunbuir, Inner Mongolia. There are many commonalities or similarities in history, culture, society, religion and language, especially, the common relationship shown in linguistics is more obvious. According to the first-hand language information we have, there is a certain number of shared words in Solon Ewenki and Buryat Mongolian, These common words mainly involve nouns, verbs, prono

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姜根兄. "Language contact-based research on the evolution and development of the Minhe dialect of Monguor language." ALTAI HAKPO ll, no. 28 (2018): 63–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.15816/ask.2018..28.004.

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Giallorenzo, Saverio, Fabrizio Montesi, Larisa Safina, and Stefano Pio Zingaro. "Ephemeral data handling in microservices with Tquery." PeerJ Computer Science 8 (July 22, 2022): e1037. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1037.

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The adoption of edge and fog systems, along with the introduction of privacy-preserving regulations, compel the usage of tools for expressing complex data queries in an ephemeral way. That is, queried data should not persist. Database engines partially address this need, as they provide domain-specific languages for querying data. Unfortunately, using a database in an ephemeral setting has inessential issues related to throughput bottlenecks, scalability, dependency management, and security (e.g., query injection). Moreover, databases can impose specific data structures and data formats, which

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Harnud, Huhe. "The Development Patterns of Consonants in Old Mongolian." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2010): 159–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2405478x-00401012.

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The present study is the first systematic comparative work on consonants in Mongolic languages, the purpose of which is to establish a basis for the historical-comparative study of the development of consonants in the Mongolic languages. This comparative study is based on data from the following languages: Classical Written Mongolian, Modern Mongolian, Monguor, Moghol, Dagur, Shira Yugur, Buriad, Kalmuck, Dongxiang, Baoan and Chakhar sub-dialect.

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Harnud, Huhe. "The Development Patterns of Consonants in Old Mongolian." Bulletin of Chinese Linguistics 4, no. 1 (2010): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/23526963-90000526.

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The present study is the first systematic comparative work on consonants in Mongolic languages, the purpose of which is to establish a basis for the historical-comparative study of the development of consonants in the Mongolic languages. This comparative study is based on data from the following languages: Classical Written Mongolian, Modern Mongolian, Monguor, Moghol, Dagur, Shira Yugur, Buriad, Kalmuck, Dongxiang, Baoan and Chakhar sub-dialect.

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Namsaraeva, Sayana. "Border Language." Inner Asia 16, no. 1 (2014): 116–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105018-12340006.

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The conceptual framework of this paper is to view Mongolia as a ‘contact zone’ which geographically bridged the gap between two rapidly growing Eurasian empires—Russia and China. It allows a rethinking of the historical and social circumstances that led to the formation of Chinese Pidgin Russian (cpr)1 by highlighting the lexical and grammatical influence of the Mongolian language on contact languages in the China–Russia border area. In particular, it discusses Mongolian language in various encounters in Russian–Chinese interactions, such as the use of Mongolian as mediation language during th

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Buell, P. D., та K. Erk. "ОБ ИМЕНАХ СОБСТВЕННЫХ И ОФИЦИАЛЬНЫХ ТИТУЛАХ В MONGƔOL-UN NIƔUCA TOBČIYAN: INAL/INANČA/INAQ". Proceedings in Archaeology and History of Ancient and Medieval Black Sea Region, № 13 (15 лютого 2022): 841–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53737/2713-2021.2021.62.23.028.

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Mongɣol-un niɣuca tobčiyan, the “Secret History of the Mongol,” is the only work of its kind from the era of the Mongolian world Empire, it has a complex history as a text but was originally written in (Middle) Mongolian. It is a linguistically very rich source, not only for the Mongols but for many other groups who are seen allied with or appear fighting against the Mongols, the latter bearers of the power of Eternal Heaven and of the potent sanction of the ancestors. Thus, in addition to overt political assertions to guide the new Mongolian Empire, and its rulers’ managers, and commanders, a

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Troshina, Anna, and Nikolay Ershov. "Development of a word frequency lists and textscorpus of russian pre-reform language." System Analysis in Science and Education, no. 3 (2020) (September 30, 2020): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37005/2071-9612-2020-3-31-42.

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The paper is devoted to the development of the Russian language corpus in pre-reform spelling and the development of a frequency word list based on this corpus of the Russian language of the 18th - early 20th centuries. Existing approaches to solving this problem are considered and analyzed, including an overview of a number of the most popular electronic national corpuses – Russian, British and Czech. The model of the internal organization of the electronic frequency word list and its functionality are formulated. The software implementation of the Russian pre-reform language corpus and the f

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Sharma, Harshit, Vaibhav Garg, Sakshi ., Pankhuri Kalra, and Dr Manjot Kaur Bhatia. "Why MERN Stack?" International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 12 (2022): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47927.

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Abstract: In the past, web development was primarily based on the LAMP stack (Linux, Apache, MySQL, PHP, or Perl) and Java-based applications (Java EE, Spring). However, these stacks are made up of different programming languages and can be difficult for a single developer to understand. Advances in web technology over the last few years have allowed developers to participate in both the front-end and back-end processes of web applications. The main goal of this thesis was to explore the basic components of the very popular MREN stack. The MERN stack, which stands for MongoDB, Express.js, Reac

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