Academic literature on the topic 'Monitoring-based Commissioning'
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Journal articles on the topic "Monitoring-based Commissioning"
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Lee, Sang-hak. "Monitoring-Based Building Energy Commissioning Technology." Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences 41, no. 7 (2016): 765–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.7840/kics.2016.41.7.765.
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Harris, Nora, Tripp Shealy, Kristen Parrish, and Jessica Granderson. "Cognitive barriers during monitoring-based commissioning of buildings." Sustainable Cities and Society 46 (April 2019): 101389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scs.2018.12.017.
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Mills, Evan, and Paul A. Mathew. "Monitoring-based Commissioning: Benchmarking Analysis of 24 University Buildings in California." Energy Engineering 111, no. 4 (2014): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01998595.2014.10844605.
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Kramer, Hannah, Guanjing Lin, Claire Curtin, Eliot Crowe, and Jessica Granderson. "Building analytics and monitoring-based commissioning: industry practice, costs, and savings." Energy Efficiency 13, no. 3 (2019): 537–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12053-019-09790-2.
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Brito Junior, Geraldo Carvalho, Roberto Dalledone Machado, Anselmo Chaves Neto, and Mateus Feiertag Martini. "Experimental Aspects in the Vibration-Based Condition Monitoring of Large Hydrogenerators." International Journal of Rotating Machinery 2017 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1805051.
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Based on experimental observations on a set of twenty 700 MW hydrogenerators, compiled from several technical reports issued over the last three decades and collected from the reprocessing of the vibration signals recorded during the last commissioning tests, this paper shows that the accurate determination of the journal bearings operating conditions may be a difficult task. It shows that the outsize bearing brackets of large hydrogenerators are subject to substantial dimensional changes caused by external agents, like the generator electromagnetic field and the bearing cooling water temperature. It also shows that the shaft eccentricity of a journal bearing of a healthy large hydrogenerator, operating in steady-state condition, may experience unpredictable, sudden, and significant changes without apparent reasons. Some of these phenomena are reproduced in ordinary commissioning tests or may be noticed even during normal operation, while others are rarely observed or are only detected through special tests. These phenomena modify journal bearings stiffness and damping, changing the hydrogenerator dynamics, creating discrepancies between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements, and making damage detection and diagnostics difficult. Therefore, these phenomena must be analyzed and considered in the application of vibration-based condition monitoring to these rotating machines.
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Wang, Liping, Steve Greenberg, John Fiegel, et al. "Monitoring-based HVAC commissioning of an existing office building for energy efficiency." Applied Energy 102 (February 2013): 1382–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.09.005.
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Olli, Teriö, Räinä Ilkka, Hienonen Markku, Kääriäinen Hannu, and Kauppinen Timo. "Monitoring and continuous Commissioning of new and existing Buildings." E3S Web of Conferences 172 (2020): 22009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017222009.
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In the building industry, the quality control practices during the design stage, implementation, introduction and use varies. Also, the owner´s project requirements may vary. The instrumentation, measurements and the control options are different. The final product of the building process is the indoor environment. When evaluating the need of renovation of existing buildings and to control the performance of a new building, certain procedures are needed. Building automation system collects information for control of the building systems and for the users and stakeholders. The validity of the system depends on the level of instrumentation, data processing and reporting. The level of measurements can`t be equal in all buildings. Apartment houses does not need such installations than e.g. hospitals. It is obvious, anyhow, that the data collection, processing and reporting need to be improved. The new sensors and data transfer technologies give a better opportunity to do so. In new buildings it is possible to measure the performance of certain structural details and compare the results with the models. The actual performance does not necessarily fit the planned because there can be always some differences and deficiencies after construction phase. The planning of renovations must be based on condition assessment, and normally there are various measurements carried out and also documents are checked, if there are measurement records available Because the performance and indoor conditions are the sum is the integration and function of all the systems together, measurements can reveal deficiency and inefficiency of building systems.. In this presentation some examples and measures are introduced, based on the city of Oulu, Finland. The advantages of commissioning-type monitoring are discussed. The key point is to have proper measurements and especially proper reporting.
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Sottocornola, Simone. "Software Based Control and Monitoring of a Hardware Based Track Reconstruction System for the ATLAS Experiment." EPJ Web of Conferences 214 (2019): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201921401021.
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During Run 2 of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) the instantaneous luminosity exceeded the nominal value of 1034 cm−2 s−1 with a 25 ns bunch crossing period and the number of overlapping proton-proton interactions per bunch crossing increased to a maximum of about 80. These conditions pose a challenge to the trigger system of the experiments that has to manage rates while keeping a good efficiency for interesting physics events. This document summarizes the software based control and monitoring of a hardware-based track reconstruction system for the ATLAS experiment, called Fast Tracker (FTK), composed of associative memories and FPGAs operating at the rate of 100 kHz and providing high quality track information within the available latency to the high-level trigger. In particular, we will detail the commissioning of the FTK within the ATLAS online software system presenting the solutions adopted for scaling up the system and ensuring robustness and redundancy. We will also describe the solutions to challenges such as controlling the occupancy of the buffers, managing the heterogeneous and large configuration, and providing monitoring information at sufficient rate.
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Pérez, Luis, Silvia Rodríguez-Jiménez, Nuria Rodríguez, Rubén Usamentiaga, and Daniel F. García. "Digital Twin and Virtual Reality Based Methodology for Multi-Robot Manufacturing Cell Commissioning." Applied Sciences 10, no. 10 (2020): 3633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10103633.
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Intelligent automation, including robotics, is one of the current trends in the manufacturing industry in the context of “Industry 4.0”, where cyber-physical systems control the production at automated or semi-automated factories. Robots are perfect substitutes for a skilled workforce for some repeatable, general, and strategically-important tasks. However, this transformation is not always feasible and immediate, since certain technologies do not provide the required degree of flexibility. The introduction of collaborative robots in the industry permits the combination of the advantages of manual and automated production. In some processes, it is necessary to incorporate robots from different manufacturers, thus the design of these multi-robot systems is crucial to guarantee the maximum quality and efficiency. In this context, this paper presents a novel methodology for process automation design, enhanced implementation, and real-time monitoring in operation based on creating a digital twin of the manufacturing process with an immersive virtual reality interface to be used as a virtual testbed before the physical implementation. Moreover, it can be efficiently used for operator training, real-time monitoring, and feasibility studies of future optimizations. It has been validated in a use case which provides a solution for an assembly manufacturing process.
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Guo, Yongxing, Dongsheng Zhang, Zude Zhou, Fangdong Zhu, and Li Xiong. "Development and commissioning of FBG sensors for impact test of rock fall protective barrier." Sensor Review 34, no. 4 (2014): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-09-2013-728.
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Purpose – This paper aims to present an effective sensing detection system based on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensing technology for protective barriers that have been effectively applied to intercept and stop rocks from falling onto railway tracks. . Determination of exact stress and deformation values during impact tests for key components of the protective barrier forms important criteria for quality control of these barriers. Monitoring changes in force along the protective barrier when deployed in field application allows for real-time disaster warning for collapse and falling rocks. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, we propose a monitoring strategy for key components of a protective barrier. During performance tests, dynamic force and strain were measured for the steel strands and supporting I-beam, respectively. Design of a special elastic structure for the force transducer based on finite element analysis and tensile tests has been discussed here. Two types of FBG force transducers were manufactured based on the elastic structure. Four FBG force transducers and four FBG strain sensors were used for impact verification testing of a new rigid protective barrier with a design protection level of 25 KJ. Findings – Dynamic force and strain responses were obtained during an impact of free-falling block with a kinetic energy of 25 KJ. Originality/value – The FBG monitoring scheme can be extremely valuable for optimized design of the barrier and can provide real-time disaster warning in regions of collapse and falling rocks.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Monitoring-based Commissioning"
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Harris, Nora Elizabeth. "Barriers and Cognitive Biases in the Monitoring-Based Commissioning Process." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/81102.
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Many buildings underperform leading to up to 20% energy waste. Case studies on monitoring-based commissioning (MBCx) have shown that using energy management and information systems (EMIS) for continuous energy monitoring and analysis enables the identification of issues that cause energy waste and verifies energy conservation measures. However, MBCx is underutilized by organizations leading to an energy efficiency gap between the energy saving potential of technologies like EMIS and observed savings. This energy efficiency gap can be attributed to general barriers to MBCx and barriers caused specifically by cognitive bias in the decision-making process. Using qualitative data from over 40 organizations implementing and practicing MBCx, this manuscript provides a better understanding of these barriers. Chapter 1 synthesizes and codes the qualitative data to develop a framework of variables acting as barriers and enablers to MBCx. The framework highlights commonly experienced barriers like data configuration, and also variables with conflicting results like payback/return on investment, which was experienced as a barrier to some organizations and enabler to others. Chapter 2 examines the barriers to MBCx through a behavioral decision science lens and finds evidence of cognitive biases, specifically, risk aversion, social norms, choice overload, status quo bias, information overload, professional bias, and temporal discounting. The success of choice architecture in other energy efficiency decisions is used to offer suggestions for ways to overcome these cognitive biases. This manuscript can be used by practitioners to better understand potential barriers to MBCx and by researchers to prioritize gaps and find methods to overcome the barriers to MBCx.<br>Master of Science
Book chapters on the topic "Monitoring-based Commissioning"
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Gipson, Keith E., and Thomas S. Riley. "Monitoring-based Commissioning for Facilities." In Web Based Enterprise Energy and Building Automation Systems. River Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003151234-20.
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Brambley, Michael R., Srinivas Katipamula, and Patrick O’Neill. "Diagnostics for Monitoring-based Commissioning *." In Automated Diagnostics and Analytics for Buildings. River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003151906-20.
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Butler, Jim, Jim Lee, Craig Engelbrecht, and Jim Sinopoli. "The 12 Things You Need to Know about Monitoring-Based Commissioning (MBCx)." In Automated Diagnostics and Analytics for Buildings. River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003151906-29.
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Remington, Glenn T. "What’s Going on in the Trenches with Smart Buildings, Monitoring Based Commissioning, Automated Fault Detection and Diagnostics and Energy Regulatory Policy? What Does the Future Hold, When Does it Arrive?" In Automated Diagnostics and Analytics for Buildings. River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003151906-50.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Monitoring-based Commissioning"
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Arzhaev, Alexey, Sergey Sivakov, Kirill Arzhaev, Sergey Butorin, and Valentin Makhanev. "Application of Structural Integrity Concepts to NPP Piping and Equipment During Design, Commissioning and Operation." In ASME 2014 12th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2014-20436.
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Application of Structural Integrity Concepts to RF NPP piping and equipment have started in Russia in the beginning of 1990s from requirements to Leak Before Break (LBB) calculation studies adopted by regulatory body. Results of first practical LBB Concept application to RF NPP piping have been reported at Lyon LBB Conference in year 1995. Experience of LBB Concept practical application in Russia during 1990s formed strong basis for issuing comprehensive guideline RD 95 10547-99 which stated LBB Concept basic principles and requirements applicable to RF NPPs with Light Water Reactors (LWR) at all stages of Life Cycle: design, commissioning and operation. Requirements of RD 95 10547-99 guideline have been in good correspondence to classic LBB principles used in many European countries, USA, Japan and to IAEA Technical Documents as well. RF NPP piping operation experience analysis have revealed necessity of producing more general methodology — Break Preclusion (BP) Concept — to substantiate structural integrity of piping potentially susceptible to active degradation mechanisms like Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC), Intergranular Stress Corrosion Cracking (IGSCC), etc. BP and LBB Concepts are based on the same major principles: (a) quality of design, manufacturing, assembling, (b) monitoring of degradation and operating conditions, (c) enveloping loading conditions with respect to maximum design loads, (d) calculation and experimental substantiation of failure according to LBB scenario. LBB Concept requires full implementation of principles (a)÷(d) and BP Concept allows to achieve balance in implementation of principles (a) and (b) while principles (c) and (d) should be fully implemented. Memorandum of 8th International Scientific and Technical Conference “Safety of VVER NPPs” in year 2013 stated as a 1st priority goal to substantiate structural integrity of main components for Long-Term Operation (LTO) during 60–80 years. Actual regulatory demands to operating NPPs also produce strong demand to provide structural integrity arguments for safety important piping and equipment as a part of periodic safety justification of NPP Unit needed for license extension. Peculiarities of structural integrity concepts application to safety important piping and equipment at different stages of NPP Unit Life Cycle (design. commissioning and operation) are discussed in paper with emphasis on technical measures providing conditions for effective degradation monitoring and prevention during LTO. Perspectives of regulatory documents improvement are also discussed.
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Lipperheide, Moritz, Frank Weidner, Manfred Wirsum, Martin Gassner, and Stefano Bernero. "Long-Term NOx Emission Behavior of Heavy Duty Gas Turbines: An Approach for Model-Based Monitoring and Diagnostics." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-63181.
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Accurate monitoring of gas turbine performance is a means to an early detection of performance deviation from the design point and thus to an optimized operational control. In this process, the diagnosis of the combustion process is of high importance due to strict legal pollution limits as aging of the combustor during operation may lead to an observed progression of NOx emissions. The method presented here features a semi-empirical NOx formulation incorporating aging for the GT24/GT26 heavy duty gas turbines: Input parameters to the NOx-correlation are processed from actual measurement data in a simplified gas turbine model. Component deterioration is accounted for by linking changes in air flow distribution and control parameters to specific operational measurements of the gas turbine. The method was validated on three different gas turbines of the GE GT24/GT26 fleet for part- and baseload operation with a total of 374,058 long-term data points (5 min average), corresponding to a total of 8.5 years of observation, while only commissioning data was used for the formulation of the NOx correlation. When input parameters to the correlation are adapted for aging, the NOx prediction outperforms the benchmark prediction method without aging by 36.7, 54.0 and 26.7 % in terms of RMSE yielding a root-mean-squared error of 1.26, 1.81 and 2.99 ppm for the investigated gas turbines over a three year monitoring period.
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Simos, Alexandre N., Eduardo A. Tannuri, José J. da Cruz, Asdrubal N. Queiroz Filho, Iuri B. da Silva Bispo, and Rafaella C. A. Carvalho. "Development of an On-Board Wave Estimation System Based on the Motions of a Moored FPSO: Commissioning and Preliminary Validation." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83729.
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This paper addresses the development, installation and initial tests of a system for wave spectra estimation from the measurements of the first order motions of a moored FPSO located in Campos Basin, Brazil. The estimation is based on Bayesian inference algorithms, previously validated by means of numerical and small-scale experimental analysis. A 6-dof inertial measurement unit (IMU) is used for monitoring the motions of the platform, and this information is sent to a remote data-base, also accessed by the wave-estimation system. The algorithm also requires the Response Amplitude Operators (RAOs), and they depend on the loading conditions of the FPSO. A previous analysis considering typical loading configurations of the tanks showed that the wave estimation is mainly dependent on the total displacement of the vessel, and not on the load distribution among the tanks. Hence, the RAOs for the full-range of drafts (or total displacements) were numerically generated, considering a uniform distribution of the load among the tanks. Since the draft of the platform was not directly measured, the loading levels of the tanks are obtained from the automation system of the platform, and the draft is then estimated. Finally, the heading is measured by a gyrocompass, and it is necessary for the definition of the global wave direction. The Bayesian estimation is executed at time-spans of 30min. A parametric optimization algorithm is then applied for the calculation of the wave spectrum parameters from the raw-spectrum obtained by the Bayesian estimation. A user-friendly interface was also developed, with on-line information about platform motions, estimated wave spectrum, peak statistics and data history. Since all information is accessed by network, the wave system can be installed either on-board or in the on-shore monitoring center. The system was commissioned and a partial 3-month validation campaign was executed. The spectrum results were compared to NOAA estimates. As expected, low-period wave components (smaller than 8s) could not be estimated with accuracy, since the FPSO presents small motion response for these components. Swell and high-period wave components estimates presented good qualitative and quantitative agreement with satellite prediction.
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Liu, Heng, Yue Chen, Fuping Li, Hui Liu, and Shunlong Yang. "The Chemistry Experience Summary During the Engineering Commissioning Period of Fujian Ningde Nuclear Power Plant." In 2017 25th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone25-67040.
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In chemical researchers view, hot functional test is a verification of the Nuclear Power Plant before first fuel loading and commercial operation, which is the preparation for staffs, documents, instruments and sampling systems. So, chemistry department should use its own language, knowledge and experience to express their thoughts and what they have seen during the engineering commissioning period. As the first commercial operation nuclear power plant after Fukushima nuclear accident, during the four units commissioning period, chemical researchers accumulated a lot of good experience and feedbacks in the aspect of construction and commissioning for new nuclear power plant. For example, in order to ensure the personnel skill level, we must make special plans which include staff training, laboratory construction, instrument and on-line system commissioning, and all of these should be timely adjusted and changed in order to be consistent with the engineering progress. In order to ensure the water quality of pipe flushing in different stages, such as cold functional test, hot functional test, we should set a strictly water chemical standard which based on the HAF103, and the standard should have some differences in different stage for one unit. In order to ensure the water chemistry in good performance especially after the unit going into commercial operation, the maintenance plan for equipment and system must be formulated, and then, a detailed monitoring plan must be executed. At the same time, a strict system flushing controlling mode can also provide a great benefits for water chemistry quality, especially in the period of start-up. In addition to these above experiences, chemistry researchers of Ningde nuclear power plant also accumulated a lot of good practices and feedbacks about dealing with some abnormal water quality activities, which can’t be founded in commercial operation unit. For example, the aluminum (Al) content in the primary increased rapidly and beyond the specification limits in hot functional test and so on. This article will share the good practices and feedbacks of the first phase of Fujian Ningde nuclear power plant. We hope these good practices and experience feedbacks can provide good reference for the other new nuclear plants in the stage of design, construction, operation and maintenance in the future.
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Dillon, Heather E., and Whitney G. Colella. "Independent Evaluation of Measured Performance Data for Cutting-Edge Combined Heat and Power Fuel Cell Systems Installed in Buildings." In ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2012-91471.
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Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is working with industry to independently monitor up to fifteen distinct 5 kilowatt-electric (kWe) combined heat and power (CHP) high temperature (HT) proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems (FCSs) installed in light commercial buildings. This research paper discusses an evaluation of the first six months of measured performance data acquired at a one-second sampling rate from real-time monitoring equipment attached to the FCSs at building sites. Engineering performance parameters are independently evaluated. Based on an analysis of the first few months of measured operating data, FCS performance is consistent with manufacturer-stated performance. Initial data indicate that the FCSs have relatively stable performance and a long term average production of about 4.57 kWe of power. This value is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer’s stated rated electric power output of 5 kWe. The measured system net electric efficiency has averaged 33.7%, based on the higher heating value (HHV) of natural gas fuel. This value, also, is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer’s stated rated electric efficiency of 36%. The FCSs provide low-grade hot water to the building at a measured average temperature of about 48.4°C, lower than the manufacturer’s stated maximum hot water delivery temperature of 65°C. The uptime of the systems is also evaluated. System availability can be defined as the quotient of total operating time compared to time since commissioning. The average values for system availability vary between 96.1 and 97.3%, depending on the FCS evaluated in the field. Performance at Rated Value for electrical efficiency (PRVeff) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric efficiency and the time since commissioning. The PRVeff varies between 5.6% and 31.6%, depending on the FCS field unit evaluated. Performance at Rated Value for electrical power (PRVp) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric power and the time since commissioning. PRVp varies between 6.5% and 16.2%. Performance at Rated Value for electrical efficiency and power (PRVt) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above both the rated electric efficiency and the electric power output compared to the time since commissioning. PRVt varies between 0.2% and 1.4%. Optimization to determine the manufacturer rating required to achieve PRVt greater than 80% has been performed based on the collected data. For example, for FCS unit 130 to achieve a PRVt of 95%, it would have to be down-rated to an electrical power output of 3.2 kWe and an electrical efficiency of 29%.The use of PRV as an assessment metric for FCSs has been developed and reported for the first time in this paper. For FCS Unit 130, a 20% decline in electric power output was observed from approximately 5 kWe to 4 kWe over a 1,500 hour period between Dec. 14th 2011 and Feb. 14th 2012.
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Dillon, Heather E., and Whitney G. Colella. "Real-Time Measured Performance of Micro Combined Heat and Power Fuel Cell Systems Independently Evaluated in the Field." In ASME 2012 10th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology collocated with the ASME 2012 6th International Conference on Energy Sustainability. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2012-91470.
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Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is working with industry to independently monitor up to fifteen distinct 5 kilowatt-electric (kWe) combined heat and power (CHP) high temperature (HT) proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell systems (FCSs) installed in light commercial buildings. This research paper discusses an evaluation of the first six months of measured performance data acquired at a one-second sampling rate from real-time monitoring equipment attached to the FCSs at building sites. Engineering performance parameters are independently evaluated. Based on an analysis of the first few months of measured operating data, FCS performance is consistent with manufacturer-stated performance. Initial data indicate that the FCSs have relatively stable performance and a long term average production of about 4.57 kWe of power. This value is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer’s stated rated electric power output of 5 kWe. The measured system net electric efficiency has averaged 33.7%, based on the higher heating value (HHV) of natural gas fuel. This value, also, is consistent with, but slightly below, the manufacturer’s stated rated electric efficiency of 36%. The FCSs provide low-grade hot water to the building at a measured average temperature of about 48.4°C, lower than the manufacturer’s stated maximum hot water delivery temperature of 65°C. The uptime of the systems is also evaluated. System availability can be defined as the quotient of total operating time compared to time since commissioning. The average values for system availability vary between 96.1 and 97.3%, depending on the FCS evaluated in the field. Performance at Rated Value for electrical efficiency (PRVeff) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric efficiency and the time since commissioning. The PRVeff varies between 5.6% and 31.6%, depending on the FCS field unit evaluated. Performance at Rated Value for electrical power (PRVp) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above the rated electric power and the time since commissioning. PRVp varies between 6.5% and 16.2%. Performance at Rated Value for electrical efficiency and power (PRVt) can be defined as the quotient of the system time operating at or above both the rated electric efficiency and the electric power output compared to the time since commissioning. PRVt varies between 0.2% and 1.4%. Optimization to determine the manufacturer rating required to achieve PRVt greater than 80% has been performed based on the collected data. For example, for FCS unit 130 to achieve a PRVt of 95%, it would have to be down-rated to an electrical power output of 3.2 kWe and an electrical efficiency of 29%.The use of PRV as an assessment metric for FCSs has been developed and reported for the first time in this paper. For FCS Unit 130, a 20% decline in electric power output was observed from approximately 5 kWe to 4 kWe over a 1,500 hour period between Dec. 14th 2011 and Feb. 14th 2012.
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Hartikainen, Jouni, Pekka Kaunisto, James Walls, Arto Voutilainen, Pasi Laakkonen, and Ossi Lehtikangas. "Three-Phase Separator Online Measurement and Data Analytics for Fluid Interface and Emulsion Thickness Utilizing a Single Emulsion Watch Profiler." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31315-ms.
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Abstract Separators can over the length of field life be exposed to operating conditions outside the set design conditions, which can cause operating issues in terms of separator efficiency, operating expenditures and potential need for frequent maintenance and/or retrofitting new internals. In mature operations with heavy oils, there can be severe issues with Water-in-Oil and Oil-in-Water emulsion layers. In late life operations, enhanced oil recovery (EOR) efforts with polymer injection can also take place to produce more, but at the same time making the separator function in terms of phase separation even more complex. Emulsion thickness and residence time optimization in separators and tanks are key issues in the oil and gas operations. Real-time data of the full level profiling is complicated and has been based on instruments with varying reliability and performance. Operations have been relying on other process parameters and bottle tests. However, in this work, separator profiler utilizing electrical tomography was used for monitoring separator content online, especially fluid interface levels as well as emulsion and foam layer thicknesses. In addition, effect of polymer injection to the wells is investigated. From the single profiler, data for the separator fluid levels, emulsion and foam thicknesses can be derived. The profiler used is a safe-to-use non-radioactive probe-type measurement sensor which is installed through an existing separator nozzle. The actual separator profiler with dimensions 5 cm diameter and 3 m length was installed downstream of the inlet cyclones and the flow distribution baffles in the three-phase separator located at one of the production fields in the Middle East. Water-oil interface, turbulent water-in-oil dispersion band, oil-gas interface and foam layer thickness were monitored continuously for several months with varying flowrates and operation conditions. Later, effect of polymer injection was also investigated. Interface level and layer monitoring results will be given and discussed. The results show that the profiler is highly useful for monitoring the separator fluid distribution online, building a rigid data analytics model over time that can be utilized by the operations to improve and optimize the performance. This paper shares novel information on operational experience of data analytics used for three-phase separators operating in a heavy oil field with polymer injection. The sensor type used is novel to the industry with high robustness and reliability generating multiple data points per second, enabling a highly detailed analytics model generating new possibilities for operational optimization through digitalization. In addition, commissioning and monitoring of the sensor was done remotely during covid-19 shutdown without the need of external personnel entering the field demonstrating remote commissioning and digital oil field concepts.
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Abens, S., F. Eulitz, I. Harzdorf, et al. "Planning for Extensive Validation of the Siemens H-Class Gas Turbine SGT5-8000H at the Power Plant Irsching." In ASME 2009 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2009-81082.
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In response to the increasing world-wide need for reliable, lowest-cost and environmentally compatible generation of energy, Siemens Energy has developed a new generation of H-class gas turbines with a power of 530+ MW and an efficiency of more than 60% in combined-cycle. The SGT5-8000H has been developed based on an evolutionary innovation concept which can be characterized by a technology platform strategy and prior component pre-validation. To ensure that the new product line can be brought to market with extensive testing and operation experience under real power plant conditions, a comprehensive validation program was launched in December 2007 at the prototypical power plant in Irsching. The 18 month validation program consists of multiple measurement campaigns, covering the full operation range starting from the hot commissioning to a final endurance test in single-cycle configuration. To gain the required data for the validation, the SGT5-8000H prototype has been equipped with close to 3000 measuring sensors and an extensive data acquisition system. For the realization of the largest gas turbine validation program ever conducted by Siemens, innovation in various aspects of test execution and evaluation had to be realized. Dedicated teams are operating and monitoring the engine operation from on-site and from the world-wide engineering locations utilizing real-time data acquisition, monitoring and evaluation methods. This paper describes the infrastructure and settings of the validation program in terms of the testing scope, facilities, methods and tools.
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Panov, V., and S. Cruz-Manzo. "Gas Turbine Performance Digital Twin for Real-Time Embedded Systems." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14664.
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Abstract This contribution reports on the development of Performance Digital Twin for industrial Small Gas Turbines. The objective of this study was the development of automation systems with control and monitoring functionalities, capable of addressing the requirements of future gas turbine plants for increased availability and reliability by use of Digital Twin technology. The project explored development of Performance Digital Twin based on Real-Time Embedded computing, which can be leveraged with Internet-of-Things (IOT) Cloud Platforms. The proposed solution was provided in a form of modular software for a range of hardware platforms, with corresponding functionalities to support advanced control, monitoring, tracking and diagnostics strategies. The developed Digital Twin was designed to be used in offline mode to assist the software commissioning process and in on-line mode to enable early detection of degradation and fault modes typical for gas path components. The Performance Digital Twin is based on a dynamic gas turbine model which was augmented with a Kalman tuner to enable performance tracking of physical assets. To support heterogeneity of gas turbine Distributed Control Systems (DCS), this project explored deployment of Digital Twin on multiple platforms. In the paper, we discuss model-based design techniques and tools specific for continuous, discrete and hybrid systems. The hybrid solution was deployed on PC-based platform and integrated with engine Distributed Control System in the field. Monitoring of gas turbine Performance Digital Twin functionalities has been established via Remote Monitoring System (STA-RMS). Assessment of deployed solution has been carried out and we present results from the field trial in this paper. The discrete solution was deployed on a range of Programable Logical Controller (PLC) platforms and has been tested by integrating Digital Twin in virtual engine Distributed Control System network. The Performance Digital Twin was embedded in Single Master PLC and Master-Slave PLC configurations, and we present results from the system testing using virtual gas turbine assets. The IoT Platform MindSphere was integrated within virtual engine network, and in this contribution, we explore expansion of the developed system with Cloud based applications and services.
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Archer, Paul, Sunil Tikku, and Ngoc-Boi Dinh. "Instrumentation and Control Enhancements in EC6 Reactor Design." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-16654.
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The Enhanced CANDU 6® (EC6®) is a nuclear reactor based on the proven CANDU 6 reactor that uses natural uranium and heavy water as a coolant and as a moderator. The EC6 has many enhancements to improve production and to meet next generation reactor standards. A modern distributed control system is used coupled with a new plant display system to facilitate the operation of the EC6. Computerization of safety systems is extended to include neutronic trip parameters and the Emergency Core Cooling (ECC) system. Computerized systems allow for thorough verification during their development, minimizing the installation, commissioning and maintenance times. Testing of these safety systems is also computer assisted to reduce the time required for testing and reduce the possibility of spurious trips. Enhanced safety system monitoring and equipment monitoring systems are used for early detection of faults or deterioration of equipment. This can in turn allow more targeted maintenance activities and improved safety. Critical safety parameter monitoring is also included in the design. Fission chambers are used instead of ion chambers for measuring neutron power. Fission chambers can extend the bottom of the power measurement range by three decades, allowing outages and restart of the reactor to be performed without the installation of startup instrumentation. Instrumentation is included to cater for Beyond Design Basis Accidents (BDBA). Additional battery banks are also included in the design to cater for Station Black-Out (SBO) and extended SBO. Connection provisions for mobile power generators have also been included in the design. The safety systems are controlled by modern equipment qualified to international standards for safety systems. The instrumentation required for these systems is also assessed for the severe conditions to which they might be exposed. Lessons learned from Fukushima on protection from external events are included in the design.
Reports on the topic "Monitoring-based Commissioning"
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Dean, Jesse, Phil Voss, Tom Harris, and James Dice. Enhancing Performance Contracts with Monitoring-Based Commissioning (MBCx). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1810284.
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Mills, Evan, and Paul Mathew. Monitoring Based Commissioning: Benchmarking Analysis of 24 UC/CSU/IOU Projects. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/961599.
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Enhancing Performance Contracts with Monitoring-Based Commissioning (MBCx). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1797885.
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