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Journal articles on the topic 'Monitoring of airport ground movements'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Guclu, Orhan Ertugrul, and Cem Cetek. "Analysis of aircraft ground traffic flow and gate utilisation using a hybrid dynamic gate and taxiway assignment algorithm." Aeronautical Journal 121, no. 1240 (April 10, 2017): 721–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/aer.2017.20.

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ABSTRACTThe rapid increase in the demand for air transportation over the last four decades has led to serious capacity problems for both the airside and landside components of major airports. The efficient management of existing airside resources seems to be the most effective and practical approach to overcome these capacity and traffic flow problems. Although integrated management of aircraft parking position assignments and ground movement planning processes are vital for the effective use of resources and for efficient operations, the current practice is that these processes are handled separately by different agents. This study proposes a hybrid dynamic system, an integrated methodology of taxi path and gate assignment using a knowledge-based decision-making approach to model effectively time-variant and realistic operational features of aircraft gate management and route planning. The model assigns the most suitable parking positions with minimum taxi time and taxi delay among a reduced solution set, satisfying pre-defined decision criteria as well as monitoring ground movements and, if necessary, reassigning new taxi paths and parking positions in real time. Both the proposed integrated methodology and the separate gate assignment and ground management operations currently in use were implemented, analysed and compared in a fast-time simulation model of Istanbul Ataturk Airport (LTBA). The hybrid dynamic assignment model provided significant improvements in taxi times, ground delays and gate utilisation.
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Geng, Zeng Xian, Yi Fei Zhao, and Zhi Jian Ye. "Research of A-SMGCS System for Complex Airport." Applied Mechanics and Materials 143-144 (December 2011): 341–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.143-144.341.

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According the present complicated and lacks of high-leveled automation ground operation supporting system, based on the concept of ICAO'S A-SMGCS (advanced surface movement guidance and control systems) and the existed facilities of the airport, this paper focuses on the research of a new ground operation supporting system in accordance with A-SMGCS, including the basis system hardware, the surveillance ground monitoring subsystem and the lighting subsystem, etc. The system is capable of not only detecting and predicting the traffic conflicts on the ground but also providing solutions and suggestions. Meanwhile the system can help controllers to arrange and use the airport resources so as to reduce the ground holding time and delay time.
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Zhang, L., J. Wu, J. Zhao, and M. Yuan. "MONITORING GROUND DEFORMATION OF SUBWAY AREA DURING THE CONSTRUCTION BASED ON THE METHOD OF MULTI-TEMPORAL COHERENT TARGETS ANALYSIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3 (April 30, 2018): 2273–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-2273-2018.

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Multi-temporal coherent targets analysis is a high-precision and high-spatial-resolution monitoring method for urban surface deformation based on Differential Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR), and has been successfully applied to measure land subsidence, landslide and strain accumulation caused by fault movement and so on. In this paper, the multi-temporal coherent targets analysis is used to study the settlement of subway area during the period of subway construction. The eastern extension of Shanghai Metro Line. 2 is taking as an example to study the subway settlement during the construction period. The eastern extension of Shanghai Metro Line. 2 starts from Longyang Road and ends at Pudong airport. Its length is 29.9 kilometers from east to west and it is a key transportation line to the Pudong Airport. 17 PalSAR images during 2007 and 2010 are applied to analyze and invert the settlement of the buildings nearby the subway based on the multi-temporal coherent targets analysis. But there are three significant deformation areas nearby the Line 2 between 2007 and 2010, with maximum subsidence rate up to 30 mm/y in LOS. The settlement near the Longyang Road station and Chuansha Town are both caused by newly construction and city expansion. The deformation of the coastal dikes suffer from heavy settlement and the rate is up to −30 mm/y. In general, the area close to the subway line is relatively stable during the construction period.
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Werner, Jeffery R., Charles J. Krebs, Scott A. Donker, Rudy Boonstra, and Michael J. Sheriff. "Arctic ground squirrel population collapse in the boreal forests of the Southern Yukon." Wildlife Research 42, no. 2 (2015): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr14240.

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Context The arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii) comprised 17% of the biomass of herbivores in the Yukon boreal forest during the summer months from 1987 to 1996 and was responsible for 23% of the energy flow at the herbivore level. By 2000, ground squirrel populations in this region collapsed to nearly zero and have remained there. Aims We summarise the population monitoring (since 1975) and recent experimental work that has been done on this key herbivore in the Kluane area of the southern Yukon to test one mechanistic hypothesis as the possible explanation for this population collapse and subsequent lack of recovery: predation. Methods Ground squirrels are the preferred summer prey of bird and mammal predators when snowshoe hare (Lepus americanus) populations are declining. We used translocations into formerly occupied habitat and radiotelemetry to determine movements and causes of death from 2009 to 2014. We surveyed 158 sites between 2008 and 2013 to measure the disappearance of colonies in alpine and forest habitats over 25 000 km2. Key results Ground squirrels from 2000 to 2013 comprised a small fraction of the herbivore biomass in the boreal forest zone, down from 17% earlier. Most forest populations (~95%) are currently extinct, whereas just over half (65%) of low-elevation meadow populations are locally extinct. One hypothesis is that ground squirrels in the forest have been driven into a predator pit from which they cannot recover. They remain abundant in alpine tundra (93% occupancy rate) and around airport runways and human habitations (97% occupancy), but there is no apparent dispersal from alpine areas down into the boreal forest. Conclusion The predator pit hypothesis is a likely explanation for the initial collapse and sustained decline in population size from 2000 to 2013. Recent attenuation of the hare cycle and milder winter climate have allowed shrubs to expand throughout the forest, thereby reducing visibility and increasing predation risk. This conclusion will be tested in further research using reintroductions to formerly occupied sites. Implication If the loss of this herbivore from the boreal forest is not reversed, predator pressure on the other major herbivores of the montane forest zone is likely to change significantly.
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Barla, Giovanni, Andrea Tamburini, Sara Del Conte, and Chiara Giannico. "InSAR monitoring of tunnel induced ground movements." Geomechanics and Tunnelling 9, no. 1 (February 2016): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/geot.201500052.

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6

Antonello, G., N. Casagli, P. Farina, D. Leva, G. Nico, A. J. Sieber, and D. Tarchi. "Ground-based SAR interferometry for monitoring mass movements." Landslides 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2004): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-003-0009-6.

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7

Yuliana, Dina, Kristiono Setyadi, and Pribadi Asih. "Pengalaman Penumpang Terhadap Penerapan Digitalisasi Fasilitas Bandara di Bandara Udara Kualanamu Medan." WARTA ARDHIA 46, no. 2 (February 25, 2021): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.25104/wa.v46i2.387.84-95.

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PT Angkasa Pura II manages Kualanamu Medan Airport. Kualanamu Airport has been develop airport digital facilities. The development of facility technology has aim to improve services for passengers and efficiency of airport operations. This research aims to identify passengers experience in order to improve services through digitizing airport facilities. The research method used descriptive analysis, multiple response analysis and crosstab (cross tabulation). The results has been show that Kualanamu Airport is smart (71.42%). Passengers need technological innovation and realtime facilities to help them in airport. Technological innovation required ie facilities for monitoring baggage and online reservations (74%), applications for shopping / restaurant / entertainmentat airports (73%), customs (70%), vehicle parking (69%) and check in (66%). Realtime Facility required ie facility for check-in (71%), flight schedules and monitoring of baggage movements (64%), airport information facilitiy and boarding gates (63%), vehicle parking at the airport (58%) and customs (54%).
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8

Sandhyavitri, Ari, and Fiqri Fansyuri. "Evaluation and Projection of Airport Landing Movement Areas based on Statistical Analyses, ICAO 2013 Manuals and KM 44, 2002 Regulation." Journal of Innovation and Technology 1, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31629/jit.v1i2.3167.

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This article demonstrated how to calculate an airport landing movement in systematic five main stages encompassing; (i) data collection (including passengers data, aircraft movements, population, GDP, per capita income, cargos movement, temperatures, ground elevation, slope surface, wind speed, and aircraft characteristics), (ii) forecasting the future traffic demands, (iii) calculating aerodrome reference field length (ARFL), (iv) define aerodrome reference code (ARF), and (v) calculate runway dimensions, taxiways, and apron areas. This article has selected Hang Nadim International Airport (HIA) as a case study. It was identified that the aircraft movements in this airport have increased by an average of 7.30% every year in the periods of 2007 to 2016. This Airport has an existing apron with a capacity of 13 aircraft, while the apron currently has to accommodate 19 aircraft. Therefore, to anticipate future demand. This research evaluated and forecasted the requirements standard for the airport landing movement areas in 2026. Based on the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) 2013 manuals and KM 44, 2002 regulation concerning the National Airport Regulation. This article recommended that the existing runway and taxiways would be adequate to facilitate future aircraft movements up to 2026. However, the apron requires to be expanded to 1,600 m x 150 m (which a capacity of 31 aircraft) for accommodating the apron requirements standard in 2026.
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Gagliardi, Valerio, Luca Bianchini Ciampoli, Sebastiano Trevisani, Fabrizio D’Amico, Amir M. Alani, Andrea Benedetto, and Fabio Tosti. "Testing Sentinel-1 SAR Interferometry Data for Airport Runway Monitoring: A Geostatistical Analysis." Sensors 21, no. 17 (August 27, 2021): 5769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21175769.

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Multi-Temporal Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (MT-InSAR) techniques are gaining momentum in the assessment and health monitoring of infrastructure assets. Amongst others, the Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) technique has proven to be viable for the long-term evaluation of ground scatterers. However, its effectiveness as a routine tool for certain critical application areas, such as the assessment of millimetre-scale differential displacements in airport runways, is still debated. This research aims to demonstrate the viability of using medium-resolution Copernicus ESA Sentinel-1A (C-Band) SAR products and their contribution to improve current maintenance strategies in case of localised foundation settlements in airport runways. To this purpose, “Runway n.3” of the “Leonardo Da Vinci International Airport” in Fiumicino, Rome, Italy was investigated as an explanatory case study, in view of historical geotechnical settlements affecting the runway area. In this context, a geostatistical study is developed for the exploratory spatial data analysis and the interpolation of the Sentinel-1A SAR data. The geostatistical analysis provided ample information on the spatial continuity of the Sentinel 1 data in comparison with the high-resolution COSMO-SkyMed data and the ground-based topographic levelling data. Furthermore, a comparison between the PSI outcomes from the Sentinel-1A SAR data—interpolated through Ordinary Kriging—and the ground-truth topographic levelling data demonstrated the high accuracy of the Sentinel 1 data. This is proven by the high values of the correlation coefficient (r = 0.94), the multiple R-squared coefficient (R2 = 0.88) and the Slope value (0.96). The results of this study clearly support the effectiveness of using Sentinel-1A SAR data as a continuous and long-term routine monitoring tool for millimetre-scale displacements in airport runways, paving the way for the development of more efficient and sustainable maintenance strategies for inclusion in next generation Airport Pavement Management Systems (APMSs).
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Fakhri, F., and R. Kalliola. "Geohazard risk assessment using high resolution SAR interferometric techniques: a case study of Larissa National Airport Central Greece." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 7 (July 28, 2014): 4743–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-4743-2014.

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Abstract. The possibility of use the productions of Earth Resource Satellite (ERS-1/2) and Advanced Environment Satellite ENVISAT SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) C-band have given the potential to detect and estimate the time series of dynamic ground deformation within high spatial and temporal resolution. The Larissa National Airport is suffering from continued ground deformation as evidenced by the presence of ground fissures and sinkholes as well as observed land subsidence. This study uses two Synthetic Aperture Radar interferometric techniques (InSAR) to detect short- and long-term ground deformation dynamics in the airport using the GAMMA Software (S/W). The results indicate complex subsidence and uplift processes at ranges between −15 and 25 mm a−1 to co-occur in different parts of the study region. Some of these changes may be attributed to tectonic fault movements but some of the observed ground deformation processes are more likely to result from human induced changes in the groundwater level and expansive soils.
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11

Pitfield, D. E., A. S. Brooke, and E. A. Jerrard. "A Monte-Carlo simulation of potentially conflicting ground movements at a new international airport." Journal of Air Transport Management 4, no. 1 (January 1998): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0969-6997(97)00011-2.

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12

Zhang, Tianci, Michal Weiszer, and Jun Chen. "The feasibility of Follow-the-Greens for 4-dimensional trajectory based airport ground movements." Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 116 (July 2020): 102632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2020.102632.

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Skorupski, Jacek, Iwona Grabarek, Anna Kwasiborska, and Sebastian Czyżo. "Assessing the suitability of airport ground handling agents." Journal of Air Transport Management 83 (March 2020): 101763. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101763.

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14

Baxter, Glenn, Panarat Srisaeng, and Graham Wild. "An Assessment of Airport Sustainability: Part 3—Water Management at Copenhagen Airport." Resources 8, no. 3 (July 29, 2019): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8030135.

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Sustainable water management is critical for airports as they consume substantial volumes of water to maintain their infrastructure and operations. Airports also generate large volumes of surface and waste waters. The aim of this study was to examine Copenhagen Airport’s sustainable water management strategies and systems from 2006 to 2016. The study used a longitudinal qualitative research design. The annual water consumption at Copenhagen Airport has risen from 2006 to 2016 in line with the increased passenger volumes and aircraft movements. Drinking water is sourced from the Taarnby and Dragør municipal water works. Non-potable water is used wherever possible and is sourced from a local remedial drilling. Copenhagen Airport uses two separate sewer systems for handling surface and wastewater. These waters are not discharged to same system due to their different nature. To mitigate environmental risks and impacts on soil, water, and local communities; the quality of drinking, ground, and surface water are regularly monitored. The airport has implemented various water saving initiatives, such as, an aquifer thermal energy system, to reduce water consumption. The strategies, systems, and the water-saving initiatives have successfully underpinned Copenhagen Airport’s sustainable water management.
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Bianchini Ciampoli, Luca, Valerio Gagliardi, Chiara Ferrante, Alessandro Calvi, Fabrizio D’Amico, and Fabio Tosti. "Displacement Monitoring in Airport Runways by Persistent Scatterers SAR Interferometry." Remote Sensing 12, no. 21 (October 30, 2020): 3564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12213564.

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Deformations monitoring in airport runways and the surrounding areas is crucial, especially in cases of low-bearing capacity subgrades, such as the clayey subgrade soils. An effective monitoring of the infrastructure asset allows to secure the highest necessary standards in terms of the operational and safety requirements. Amongst the emerging remote sensing techniques for transport infrastructures monitoring, the Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) technique has proven effective for the evaluation of the ground deformations. However, its use for certain demanding applications, such as the assessment of millimetric differential deformations in airport runways, is still considered as an open issue for future developments. In this study, a time-series analysis of COSMO–SkyMed satellite images acquired from January 2015 to April 2019 is carried out by employing the PSI technique. The aim is to retrieve the mean deformation velocity and time series of the surface deformations occurring in airport runways. The technique is applied to Runway 3 at the “Leonardo da Vinci” International Airport in Rome, Italy. The proposed PSI technique is then validated by way of comparison with the deformation outcomes obtained on the runway by traditional topographic levelling over the same time span. The results of this study clearly demonstrate the efficiency and the accuracy of the applied PSI technique for the assessment of deformations in airport runways.
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Yamada, Ichiro. "Evaluating aircraft ground operation noise in airport noise modeling and monitoring in Japan." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 140, no. 4 (October 2016): 3257. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4970309.

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17

Kanniah, K. D., N. A. F. Kamarul Zaman, and K. Perumal. "ANALYSIS OF NO<sub>2</sub> TROPOSPHERIC COLUMN AMOUNT AT AIRPORTS IN MALAYSIA BEFORE AND DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC USING SENTINEL-5P TROPOMI DATA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B3-2021 (June 28, 2021): 399–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b3-2021-399-2021.

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Abstract. Air pollution is a serious environmental and health issue in Malaysia due to the recent urbanization processes. The main sources of air pollutants are motorized vehicles in urban areas and airports and industrial activities. At the airports, NO2 is the main pollutant of concern besides aerosols particles, yet gap in data availability prevent studies to describe their patterns and quantify their effects on human health and climate change. In this study NO2 data from TROPOMI sensor on board Sentinel 5-P satellite was used to characterize the spatial and temporal patterns of NO2 tropospheric column amounts at major airports in Malaysia. The results demonstrate that NO2 amounts from aircrafts and ground traffic activities are generally higher and/or similar to the amounts found in urban areas. Total tropospheric column amounts of NO2 during the movement restriction imposed due to Covid-19 pandemic between March and April 2020 was approximately 50% lower the total emission during the same period in 2019 (representing a business as usual period). Assessing the spatial pattern and temporal variations in NO2 (both surface and total vertical profile) is important for monitoring the impact of air pollutants on climate change and human health in Malaysia.
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Han, Xin, Xiangxian Li, Minguang Gao, Jingjing Tong, Xiuli Wei, Sheng Li, Shubin Ye, and Yan Li. "Emissions of Airport Monitoring with Solar Occultation Flux-Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer." Journal of Spectroscopy 2018 (2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1069612.

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Both domestic and international aviation industries have experienced a boom, which results in a dramatic increase in emissions of the aviation industry in recent decades. Therefore, domestic and abroad scientists adopted different methods to measure emissions; however, there are no appropriate methods to measure the emissions of the whole airport. In order to provide data support for the relevant departments to take appropriate emission reduction measures, solar occultation flux-Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (SOF-FT-IR) is used to monitor the emissions of Beijing Capital International Airport. CO, CO2, C2H4, and CH2O are selected as the target gases and are quantitatively analyzed with the nonlinear least squares method to get the column concentration. Then, the flux can also be calculated by linking the wind velocity and direction with the column concentration. A comparison between the results measured by SOF-FT-IR and the results measured by the method published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicates that auxiliary power equipment and ground support equipment for the emission of the airport are also important emission sources besides the aircraft and the concentration distribution gives powerful and useful pieces of evidence to locate the emission sources. In order to decrease the contribution of the airport to the air pollution, the key point is to reduce the emissions of the APU and mobiles in the airport.
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Akar, Gulsah. "Ground access to airports, case study: Port Columbus International Airport." Journal of Air Transport Management 30 (July 2013): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2013.04.002.

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20

Wu, Songhua, Xiaochun Zhai, Bingyi Liu, and Jintao Liu. "Characterization of aircraft dynamic wake vortices and atmospheric turbulence by coherent doppler lidar." EPJ Web of Conferences 176 (2018): 06001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201817606001.

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Field observations for the wake vortices by Coherent Doppler Lidar (CDL) have been carried out at the Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) and Tianjin Binhai International Airport (TBIA) to investigate the wake vortices evolution characteristics and the near-ground effect. This paper introduces the dynamic wake vortices and atmospheric turbulence monitoring technique, successfully demonstrating that the CDL can capture the key characteristics of wake vortices in real-time, including wake vortices intensity, spatial-temporal evolution and so forth.
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Fürstenau, N., M. Schmidt, H. Horack, W. Goetze, and W. Schmidt. "Extrinsic Fabry–Perot interferometer vibration and acoustic sensor systems for airport ground traffic monitoring." IEE Proceedings - Optoelectronics 144, no. 3 (1997): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ip-opt:19971268.

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Ibáñez-Justicia, Adolfo, Nathalie Smitz, Wietse den Hartog, Bart van de Vossenberg, Katrien De Wolf, Isra Deblauwe, Wim Van Bortel, et al. "Detection of Exotic Mosquito Species (Diptera: Culicidae) at International Airports in Europe." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 10 (May 15, 2020): 3450. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103450.

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In Europe, the air-borne accidental introduction of exotic mosquito species (EMS) has been demonstrated using mosquito surveillance schemes at Schiphol International Airport (Amsterdam, The Netherlands). Based upon these findings and given the increasing volume of air transport movements per year, the establishment of EMS after introduction via aircraft is being considered a potential risk. Here we present the airport surveillance results performed by the Centre for Monitoring of Vectors of the Netherlands, by the Monitoring of Exotic Mosquitoes (MEMO) project in Belgium, and by the Public Health England project on invasive mosquito surveillance. The findings of our study demonstrate the aircraft mediated transport of EMS into Europe from a wide range of possible areas in the world. Results show accidental introductions of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus, as well as exotic Anopheles and Mansonia specimens. The findings of Ae. albopictus at Schiphol airport are the first evidence of accidental introduction of the species using this pathway in Europe. Furthermore, our results stress the importance of the use of molecular tools to validate the morphology-based species identifications. We recommend monitoring of EMS at airports with special attention to locations with a high movement of cargo and passengers.
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Hernández-Martín, Raúl, and Hugo Padrón-Ávila. "The Carbon Footprint of Airport Ground Access as Part of an Outbound Holiday Trip." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 9085. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169085.

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In this paper, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions derived from airport surface access of outbound German tourists travelling to the Canary Islands have been estimated. It is argued that carbon footprint estimations in tourism must be improved to incorporate the transport to the airports within the country of origin. To do so, statistical data from the Tourism Expenditure Survey of the Canary Islands have been used. In particular, the postcodes of a large sample of German tourists visiting the archipelago from 2012 to 2014 are used to identify their residence and the distances travelled to their chosen airport. The findings of the paper contribute to the literature on tourism carbon footprints, including an estimate of the share of airport surface access emissions in a typical outbound sun and beach holiday trip. Airport ground access accounted for 8.17% of transport-related emissions. These results have implications for urban planners, transport firms, and tourism management.
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Malinowska, Agnieszka A., Wojciech T. Witkowski, Artur Guzy, and Ryszard Hejmanowski. "Satellite-Based Monitoring and Modeling of Ground Movements Caused by Water Rebound." Remote Sensing 12, no. 11 (June 1, 2020): 1786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12111786.

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The presented research aimed to evaluate the spatio-temporal distribution of ground movements caused by groundwater head changes induced by mining. The research was carried out in the area of one of the copper ore and anhydrite mines in Poland. To determine ground movements, classical surveying results and the persistent scatter Satellite Radar Interferometry (PSInSAR) method were applied. The mining operation triggered significant subsidence, reaching 1.4 m in the years 1944–2015. However, subsidence caused by groundwater pumping was about 0.3 m. After mine closure, an ongoing groundwater rebound was observed. Hence, land uplift occurred, reaching no more than 29 mm/y. The main part of the investigation concerned developing a novel method for uplift prediction. Therefore, an attempt was made to comparatively analyze the dynamics of ground movements correlated with the mine life and hydrogeological condition. These analyses allowed the time factor for the modeling of land uplift to be determined. The investigation also revealed that in the next six years, the uplift will reach up to 12 mm/y. The developed methodology could be applied in any post-mining area where groundwater-rebound-related uplift is observed.
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Kryachok, Serhiy. "MONITORING OF TERRAIN AND HIGH-ALTITUDE OBSTACLES IN AIRPORT AREAS." Technical Sciences and Technologies, no. 4(22) (2020): 230–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2020-4(22)-230-237.

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The urgency of the research. At present, new aviation rules concerning the provision of air navigation information have been introduced in Ukraine. The rules take into account the legislation of the European Union, Eurocontrol documents, ICAO Standards on the accuracy, processing and use of aeronautical data, which include data on terrain and obstacles in the areas of airports. Target setting.One of the factors influencing the safety of civil aviation is the consideration of obstacles on the routes in the form of elevations and high-altitude objects. This is evidenced by accidents and catastrophes of aircraft caused by col-lisions with high-altitude obstacles. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor the ground space in the areas of an airport for the timely detection of obstacles to the updating of the electronic database on terrain and obstacles.Actual scientific researches and issues analysis.Recent open access publications on existing methods of collecting geo-spatial data to determine terrain and obstacles in areas of the airport wer e reviewed.Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining.The analysis of the given sources allows to draw a conclusion that concerning area 1 of the airport which is the territory of the state, the contradictory information on use of this or that method of definition of a relief of district and obstacles is resulted.The research objective. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the methods of monitoring spatial information on terrain and obstacles in area 1 of the airport using space-based radar systems that would meet the requirements of ICAO in this area for the maintenance of electronic databases of terrain and obstacles.The statement of basic materials.The quantitative requirements of ICAO for data on terrain and obstacles in area 1 of theairport are given. The errors of the results of the satellite radar topographic survey (SRTM), which allowed to obtain a digital model of the Earth's topography, were resolutionin the vertical plane 1 m, and in the horizontal plane - 30 m. The method of Permanent Scatterer SAR Interferometry PSInSAR - interferometry of stable reflectors using radars with synthe-sized space-based aperture allows to obtain the accuracy of stable reflectors (natural and man-made objects) in the vertical plane of about 1 m and the error in determining the heights of other objects is 14 m. Currently, the PSInSAR method is used to monitor the subsidence of the earth's surface in cities, which allows to determine the deformation of the earth's surface to the nearest millimeter. The grouping of remote sensing satellites TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X provided global coverage of the earth's surface with a digital terrain model with an accuracy of at least 2 m in height. The spatial resolution was about 1 m. In 2020, a satellite with a synthesized aperture of the Capella-2 radar survey was launched into Earth orbit. This unique micro satellite weighs 107 kg. Its camera equipment currently has an ultra-high spatial resolution of 50 x 50 cm.Conclusions.Modern methods of satellite radar can determine the planned and altitude position of objects in the area of airport 1 (territory of the state) with accuracy and resolution that meets the requirements of ICAO for the maintenance ofan electronicdatabase of terrain and obstacles. It is proposed to perform the first phase of monitoring objects in the country with the help of satellite radar, and in the second phase of monitoring to involve a ground survey - to clarify the attributive information about the objects detected in the first phase.
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Liu, Xiaojie, Chaoying Zhao, Qin Zhang, Chengsheng Yang, and Jing Zhang. "Characterizing and Monitoring Ground Settlement of Marine Reclamation Land of Xiamen New Airport, China with Sentinel-1 SAR Datasets." Remote Sensing 11, no. 5 (March 11, 2019): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11050585.

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Artificial lands or islands reclaimed from the sea due to their vast land spaces and air are suitable for the construction of airports, harbors, and industrial parks, which are convenient for human and cargo transportation. However, the settlement process of reclamation foundation is a problem of public concern, including soil consolidation and water recharge. Xiamen New Airport, one of the largest international airports in China, has been under construction on marine reclamation land for three years. At present, the airport has reached the second phase of construction, occupying 15.33 km2. The project will last about twenty years. To investigate the temporal and spatial evolution of ground settlement associated with land reclamation, Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, including intensity images and phase measurements, were considered. A total of 82 SAR images acquired by C-band Sentinel-1 satellite covering the time period from August 2015 to October 2018 were collected. First, the spatial evolution process of land reclamation was analyzed by exploring the time series of SAR image intensity maps. Then, the small baseline subset InSAR (SBAS–InSAR) technique was used to retrieve ground deformation information over the past three years for the first time since land reclamation. Results suggest that the reclaimed land experienced remarkable subsidence, especially after the second phase of land reclamation. Furthermore, 26 ground settlement areas (i.e., 0.015% of the whole area) associated with land reclamation were uncovered over an area of more than 1200 km2 of the Xiamen coastal area from January 2017 to October 2018. This study offers important guidance for the next phase of land reclamation and the future construction of Xiamen New Airport.
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Alonso Tabares, Diego, Felix Mora-Camino, and Antoine Drouin. "A multi-time scale management structure for airport ground handling automation." Journal of Air Transport Management 90 (January 2021): 101959. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2020.101959.

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Gryaznova, Elena. "Ensuring safe operation of buildings and structures." E3S Web of Conferences 97 (2019): 04019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20199704019.

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It is possible to ensure safety of the entire construction process as well as safe operation of buildings and structures in future by timely implementation of geotechnical monitoring. Geotechnical monitoring of buildings and structures is a complex research of “soil base – foundation – above ground structures of a building”. Geotechnical monitoring studies behaviour of buildings and structures during construction and operation and, safety measures to prevent hazardous situations in future are undertaken upon analysis of acquired results. Geotechnical monitoring comprises combination of works, including field observation for structures’ behaviour of a building under construction or renovation, its foundation, including soil body surrounding the structure under construction, and field observation for structures of surrounding buildings. Such monitoring allows us to timely detect and prevent non-reversible processes that occur in “soil base – foundation – above ground structures of a building” system. Considering task in hand to ensure safety and security of buildings and structures, list of geotechnical monitoring works can be divided into following blocks: object monitoring; hydrogeological monitoring; ecological monitoring and computational and analytical block which makes assessment of current geotechnical situation on the construction object and develops relevant recommendation for further continuation of works. This article looks into special aspects of multiyear (2005 – 2019) geotechnical monitoring for deformational behaviour of buildings under operation, open parking spaces No.1 and No.2, located in area of effect from construction of railway connecting Vnukovo-1 airport and Kievskiy train station in Moscow and in the area of effect of new Vnukovo-1 airport construction. Article looks into tasks to ensure regular operation of existing buildings and monitoring of hazardous situations and their origin caused by construction works or poor technical condition of monitored objects. Particular to renovation of Vnukovo-1 airport, that started in 2005 is the fact that during construction it was necessary to ensure operation of a number of maintained buildings. Among them are open parking spaces No.1 and No.2.
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Zuniga, Catya, and Geert Boosten. "A Practical Approach to Monitor Capacity under the CDM Approach." Aerospace 7, no. 7 (July 21, 2020): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace7070101.

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The operations of take-off and landing at hub airports are often subject to a wide variety of delays; the effects of these delays impact not only the related stakeholders, such as aircraft operators, air-traffic control unity and ground handlers but as part of the European network, delays are propagated through the network. As a result, Airport Collaborative Decision Making (A-CDM) is being employed as a methodology for increasing the efficiency of Air Traffic Management (ATM), through the involvement of partners within the airports. Under CDM, there are some strategic common objectives regardless the airport or the partner specific interest to improve operational efficiency, predictability and punctuality to the ATM network and airport stakeholders. Monitoring and controlling some strategic areas such as, Efficiency, Capacity, Safety and Environment is needed to achieve the benefits. Therefore, the present work aims to provide a framework to monitor the accuracy of capacity in the three main flight phases. It aims to provide a comprehensible and practical approach to monitoring capacity by identifying and proposing Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) based on the A-CDM Milestone Approach to optimise the use of available capacity. To illustrate our approach, Amsterdam Airport Schiphol is used as case study as a full A-CDM airport.
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Dinkel, A., L. Hoegner, A. Emmert, L. Raffl, and U. Stilla. "CHANGE DETECTION IN PHOTOGRAMMETRIC POINT CLOUDS FOR MONITORING OF ALPINE, GRAVITATIONAL MASS MOVEMENTS." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-2-2020 (August 3, 2020): 687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-2-2020-687-2020.

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Abstract. This contribution discusses the accuracy and the applicability of Photogrammetric point clouds based on dense image matching for the monitoring of gravitational mass movements caused by crevices. Four terrestrial image sequences for three different time epochs have been recorded and oriented using ground control point in a local reference frame. For the first epoch, two sequences are recorded, one in the morning and one in the afternoon to evaluate the noise level within the point clouds for a static geometry and changing light conditions. The second epoch is recorded a few months after the first epoch where also no significant change has occurred in between. The third epoch is recorded after one year with changes detected. As all point clouds are given in the same local coordinate frame and thus are co-registered via the ground control points, change detection is based on calculating the Multiscale-Model-to-Model-Cloud distances (M3C2) of the point clouds. Results show no movements for the first year, but identify significant movements comparing the third epoch taken in the second year. Besides the noise level estimation, the quality checks include the accuracy of the camera orientations based on ground control points, the covariances of the bundle adjustment, and a comparison the Geodetic measurements of additional control points and a laser scanning point cloud of a part of the crevice. Additionally, geological measurements of the movements have been performed using extensometers.
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Kobayashi, Kiyoshi, and Kiyoyuki Kaito. "A Mixed Prediction Model of Ground Subsidence for Civil Infrastructures on Soft Ground." Journal of Applied Mathematics 2012 (2012): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/487246.

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The estimation of ground subsidence processes is an important subject for the asset management of civil infrastructures on soft ground, such as airport facilities. In the planning and design stage, there exist many uncertainties in geotechnical conditions, and it is impossible to estimate the ground subsidence process by deterministic methods. In this paper, the sets of sample paths designating ground subsidence processes are generated by use of a one-dimensional consolidation model incorporating inhomogeneous ground subsidence. Given the sample paths, the mixed subsidence model is presented to describe the probabilistic structure behind the sample paths. The mixed model can be updated by the Bayesian methods based upon the newly obtained monitoring data. Concretely speaking, in order to estimate the updating models, Markov Chain Monte Calro method, which is the frontier technique in Bayesian statistics, is applied. Through a case study, this paper discussed the applicability of the proposed method and illustrated its possible application and future works.
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Sh., Shabani, and Zarei Sh. "Evaluating of Noise Pollution in the Airside of Imam Khomeini International Airport." Modern Applied Science 11, no. 6 (April 23, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v11n6p47.

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Detection, measurement and monitoring of environmental pollution are considered as one of the decision basics in the environmental management. Principle planning for solving environmental problems is not possible without reliance to assured measurement with the help of new and powerful systems in monitoring. In this regard the noise pollution of airports is of great importance. In this paper by using device analysis method and utilizing a calibrated sound level meter device, sources of noise pollution recognition, noise and sound pressure level measurement, evaluation and comparison of them with environmental standards, and airside control actions of the Imam Khomeini international airport have been performed and it was showed, that the runway, ground safety and the dock have been respectively the main pollutants, so that noise pollution in the Apron area and runway at night have been 80.7% more than Iran standards and the ground safety site while alarm broadcasting has been 53.1% at daytime and 61.1% at night more than standards and these values for Dock has been 20.88% and also the value of noise pollutants in water refinery sites, watchtower, taxi parking and pilgrim terminals have met standards. Finally some solutions against noise pollution have been proposed.
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Miao, Lu, Kailiang Deng, Guangcai Feng, Kaifeng Li, Zhiqiang Xiong, Yuedong Wang, and Shuiyuan He. "Reclaimed-Airport Surface-Deformation Monitoring by Improved Permanent-Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic-Aperture Radar: A Case Study of Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport, China." Photogrammetric Engineering & Remote Sensing 87, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14358/pers.87.2.105.

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Reclaimed airports usually have fragile geological structures and are susceptible to the uneven ground settlements caused by filling-material consolidation, underground construction, and dynamic loading from takeoff and landing of aircrafts. Therefore, deformation monitoring is of great significance to the safe operation of reclaimed airports. This study adopts an improved permanent-scatterer interferometric synthetic-aperture radar strategy to map the spatiotemporal deformation of Shenzhen Bao'an International Airport in China using ascending and descending Envisat/ASAR data acquired from 2007 to 2010 and Sentinel-1 data from 2015 to 2019. The results show that uneven settlements of the airport concentrate in the new reclaimed land. Then we explore the settlement characteristics of each functional area. Furthermore, we separate out the dynamic-load settlement of runway No. 2 and confirm the settlements caused by dynamic load. This study provides new ideas for studying deformation in similar fields, and technical references for the future construction of Shenzhen Airport.
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Roccheggiani, Matteo, Daniela Piacentini, Emanuela Tirincanti, Daniele Perissin, and Marco Menichetti. "Detection and Monitoring of Tunneling Induced Ground Movements Using Sentinel-1 SAR Interferometry." Remote Sensing 11, no. 6 (March 15, 2019): 639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11060639.

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SAR interferometry is a powerful tool to obtain millimeter accuracy measurements of surface displacements. The Sentinel-1 satellite mission nowadays provides extensive spatial coverage, regular acquisitions and open availability. In this paper, we present an MT-InSAR analysis showing the spatial and temporal evolution of ground displacements arising from the construction of a 3.71 km overflow tunnel in Genoa, Italy. Underground tunneling can often modify the hydrological regime around an excavated area and might induce generalized surface subsidence phenomena due to pore pressure variations, especially under buildings. The tunnel was excavated beneath a densely urbanized area lying on upper Cretaceous marly limestone and Pliocene clays. Significant cumulative displacements up to 30 mm in the Line of Sight (LOS) direction were detected during the tunnel excavation. No displacements were recorded before until the middle of 2016. The Persistent Scatterers Interferometry (PSI) analysis reveals in high detail the areal subsidence, especially where the subsurface is characterized by clay and alluvial deposits as well as there is the presence of large building complexes. The time-series and the displacement rate cross-sections highlight a clear relation with the tunnel face advancement, responsible for the subsidence phenomena, which proceeded northward starting from the middle of 2016 to the end of 2017. The stabilization occurred in a range of five-six months from the beginning of each displacement phase. Due to the low subsidence ratio the ground settlements did not cause severe damages to the buildings.
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Patriarca, Riccardo, Giulio Di Gravio, and Francesco Costantino. "Assessing performance variability of ground handlers to comply with airport quality standards." Journal of Air Transport Management 57 (October 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.06.009.

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Shen, Peng, and Tu. "Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques for Solving the Airport Ground Handling Service Equipment Vendor Selection Problem." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 24, 2019): 3466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123466.

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Appropriate airport ground handling service (AGHS) equipment vendor selection (AGHSEVS) can prevent aircraft damage and delays in airlines schedules, and ensure reliable and high-quality ground handling service. Previous research has seldom integrated multi-criteria decision-making techniques with goal programming to solve the AGHSEVS problem. This paper describes a new system evaluation model for AGHSEVS by considering both qualitative and quantitative methods. We compare the fuzzy TOPSIS method based on fuzzy weighted average left and right score methods with multi-choice and multi-aspiration goal programming approach of an AGHS company in Taiwan. These study results can help airport ground handling service company managers make optimal decisions for AGHSEVS problems. We hope the practicability of the comparable model with slight modifications of real situation data can be used in other AGHS companies.
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Ries, Kenneth M. "IDENTIFICATION AND INITIAL RECOVERY OF JET A FUEL FROM THE GROUND UNDERLYING A TANK FARM AT PALM BEACH INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 277–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-277.

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ABSTRACT A recent surface fuel spill incident by tank overflow at a 220,000 gal above-ground airport tank farm led to a single monitoring well installed at the request of the state. This well disclosed previously spilled Jet A fuel at the water table, 5 ft below grade. Eight monitoring wells averaging 7 ft deep were completed in 3 days, revealing a surprisingly confined pool of fuel in fine sand estimated at 24,000 ft2 but with over 30 in. of fuel in some wells. Monitoring wells 40 ft away showed a complete absence of fuel. Leaking from underground piping was tested and eliminated as a possible source. Above-ground spills, it was concluded, were insufficient as a source. Inventory records failed to show any losses. Gas chromatic analysis of the product confirmed that it was Jet A, and therefore not JP-4 from an abandoned Air Force fuel main. The source of fuel was concluded as primarily from the practice of daily fuel tank sumping to the ground, which ceased in 1974. Significantly, the spill was 10 years old and had not moved. Initial recovery was by slotted drum, later replaced by a 70 ft by 3 ft trench to the water table, gravel backfilled. Recovery of product only, without water pumping, was by an electrical chemical metering pump, continuously, at the rate of product flow to the trench, averaging 23 gal per day. Investigations of groundwater quality in nearby monitoring wells by the state agency failed to show any hydrocarbons, analyzed down to 5 parts per billion. The closest water well, 1,800 ft away, showed no contamination. Bench scale testing demonstrated that monitoring well fuel thickness overstates fuel thickness in the ground, and that trenches concentrate fuel thicknesses like monitoring wells. Tight cost control was maintained, with monitoring wells costing under $50 each, a recovery trench under $2,000, and recovery pumping under $1,000. By-product recovery revenue has offset some recovery costs.
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Nechaj, Gaál, Bartok, Vorobyeva, Gera, Kelemen, and Polishchuk. "Monitoring of Low-Level Wind Shear by Ground-based 3D Lidar for Increased Flight Safety, Protection of Human Lives and Health." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 19, 2019): 4584. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224584.

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Low-level wind shear, i.e., sudden changes in wind speed and/or wind direction up to altitudes of 1600 ft (500 m) above-ground is a hazardous meteorological phenomenon in aviation. It may radically change the aerodynamic circumstances of the flight, particularly during landing and take-off and consequently, it may threaten human lives and the health of passengers, people at the airport and its surrounding areas. The Bratislava Airport, the site of this case study, is one of the few airports worldwide and the first in Central Europe that is equipped with a Doppler lidar system, a perspective remote sensing tool for detecting low-level wind shear. The main objective of this paper was to assess the weather events collected over a period of one year with the occurrences of low-level wind shear situations, such as vertical discontinuities in the wind field, frontal passages and gust fronts to increase the level of flight safety and protect human lives and health. The lidar data were processed by a computer algorithm with the main focus on potential wind shear alerts and microburst alerts, guided by the recommendations of the International Civil Aviation Organisation. In parallel, the selected weather events were analyzed by the nearby located meteorological radar to utilize the strengths of both approaches. Additionally, an evaluation of the lidar capability to scan dynamics of aerosol content above the airport is presented.
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Barrett, Douglas E. "Acoustical Acceptance Testing of Portland (Oregon) International Airport Ground Run-Up Enclosure." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1859, no. 1 (January 2003): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1859-05.

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The Port of Portland constructed an aircraft ground run-up enclosure (GRE) at Portland International Airport (PDX) to allow unrestricted daytime and nighttime aircraft maintenance run-ups while complying with Oregon Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) standards for community noise levels. To ensure compliance with the DEQ standards, a rigorous acoustical acceptance testing specification was developed and implemented. The PDX specification included measurements of three representative aircraft run-ups conducted at the GRE site (i.e., with GRE) and at a nearby equivalent site (i.e., without GRE). At each test site, measurements were required at six microphone locations at a reference distance of 400 ft (120 m) from the test aircraft, where variability in measured sound levels due to meteorological conditions would be limited. Although not part of the official acceptance test, simultaneous measurements were conducted in representative community locations as the start of ongoing community monitoring to be conducted by the Port of Portland. In April 2001, the GRE met the acoustical acceptance testing specifications and demonstrated compliance with the DEQ community requirements. The multiple-microphone arrays displayed the significant effect of noise shielding provided by aircraft fuselages and suggested that modifications may be appropriate for future applications of the test procedure.
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Tao, Yu-Jwo, Hsuan-Shih Lee, and Chang-Shu Tu. "Analytic Hierarchy Process-Based Airport Ground Handling Equipment Purchase Decision Model." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (February 26, 2021): 2540. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052540.

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The Airport ground handling services (AGHS) equipment supplier provider selection requires a safety guarantee in terms of the daily operations AGHS provider. AGHS providers seek to avoid aircraft damage and airline delays and ensure the provision of reliable and high-quality services. The primary objective of this paper was to develop purchasing decision model of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), AHP-fuzzy linear programming (FLP), and AHP-Taguchi loss function (TLF) multi-choice goal programming (MCGP) purchase decision models to help the AGHS purchasing managers in selecting the best AGHS equipment supplier provider. The constructed models were assessed, and results obtained for the AHP-FLP and AHP-TLF-MCGP models were compared. We conducted a real-world example of supplier selection by an AGHS company by using the proposed models. The proposed model provides useful information and has practical value for AGHS providers.
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41

Morohoshi, K., K. Yoshinaga, M. Miyata, I. Sasaki, H. Saitoh, M. Tokoro, N. Fukuda, T. Fujii, K. Yamada, and M. Ishikawa. "Design and Long-Term Monitoring of Tokyo International Airport Extension Project Constructed on Super-Soft Ground." Geotechnical and Geological Engineering 28, no. 3 (March 10, 2010): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10706-010-9312-x.

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42

Zhang, Ming, Qianwen Huang, Sihan Liu, and Huiying Li. "Assessment Method of Fuel Consumption and Emissions of Aircraft during Taxiing on Airport Surface under Given Meteorological Conditions." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (November 2, 2019): 6110. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11216110.

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Reducing fuel consumption and emissions of aircrafts during taxiing on airport surfaces is crucial to decrease the operating costs of airline companies and construct green airports. At present, relevant studies have barely investigated the influences of the operation environment, such as low visibility and traffic conflict in airports, reducing the assessment accuracy of fuel consumption and emissions. Multiple aircraft ground propulsion systems on airport surfaces, especially the electric green taxiing system, have attracted wide attention in the industry. Assessing differences in fuel consumption and emissions under different taxiing modes is difficult because environmental factors were hardly considered in previous assessments. Therefore, an innovative study was conducted based on practical running data of quick access recorders and climate data: (1) Low visibility and taxiing conflict on airport surfaces were inputted into the calculation model of fuel consumption to set up a modified model of fuel consumption and emissions. (2) Fuel consumption and emissions models under full- and single-engine taxiing, external aircraft ground propulsion systems, and electric green taxiing system could accurately estimate fuel consumption and emissions under different taxiing modes based on the modified model. (3) Differences in fuel consumption and emissions of various aircraft types under four taxiing modes under stop-and-go and unimpeded aircraft taxiing conditions were obtained through a sensitivity analysis in Shanghai Pudong International Airport under three thrust levels. Research conclusions provide support to the airport management department in terms of decision making on taxiway optimization.
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Allroggen, Niklas, Daniel Beiter, and Jens Tronicke. "Ground-penetrating radar monitoring of fast subsurface processes." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 3 (April 24, 2020): A19—A23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0737.1.

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Earth and environmental sciences rely on detailed information about subsurface processes. Whereas geophysical techniques typically provide highly resolved spatial images, monitoring subsurface processes is often associated with enormous effort and, therefore, is usually limited to point information in time or space. Thus, the development of spatial and temporal continuous field monitoring methods is a major challenge for the understanding of subsurface processes. We have developed a novel method for ground-penetrating-radar (GPR) reflection monitoring of subsurface flow processes under unsaturated conditions and applied it to a hydrological infiltration experiment performed across a periglacial slope deposit in northwest Luxembourg. Our approach relies on a spatial and temporal quasicontinuous data recording and processing, followed by an attribute analysis based on analyzing differences between individual time steps. The results demonstrate the ability of time-lapse GPR monitoring to visualize the spatial and temporal dynamics of preferential flow processes with a spatial resolution in the order of a few decimeters and temporal resolution in the order of a few minutes. We observe excellent agreement with water table information originating from different boreholes. This demonstrates the potential of surface-based GPR reflection monitoring to observe the spatiotemporal dynamics of water movements in the subsurface. It provides valuable, and so far not accessible, information for example in the field of hydrology and pedology that allows studying the actual subsurface processes rather than deducing them from point information.
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Makino, Koichi, and Naoaki Shinohara. "Daily fluctuations in aircraft noise exposure around civil airports and military airfields in Japan." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 5154–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2984.

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In Japan, yearly average of (day-evening-night sound level) as cumulative noise index has been adopted in national noise guideline of "Environmental Quality Standards for Aircraft Noise." Daily flight movements at civil airports are almost stable because of scheduled airline flight. On the other, daily total flight movements at military airfields greatly change day to day because of training flights, etc. Thus, noise exposure around the airport may change significantly from day to day due to change of flight movement. This paper shows examples of fluctuations, frequency distribution and deviation of daily using aircraft noise monitoring data around civil airports and military airfields. In the case of civil airports, standard deviation of daily was less than 5 dB at the monitoring stations where the yearly average of were about 55 dB or more. However, the standard deviation of daily increased 10 dB or more in some cases at points where yearly average of less than 55 dB. Furthermore, in the case of military airfields, the standard deviation of daily were 5 dB or more for all monitoring stations.
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45

Chilakos, P., and C. N. Kavouras. "WATER MANAGEMENT AT ATHENS INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT A CRITICAL APPROACH." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Greece 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2004): 2094. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/bgsg.16709.

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The new Athens International Airport "Eleftherios Venizelos" (AIA) has been constructed in theheart of the Mesogaia plain, approximately 25 kilometres northeast of Athens. The airport, whichhas been constructed on agricultural land that was once used for the cultivation of vegetables,fruits, olives, and other fresh products, commenced operations in March 2001.The Environmental Department (ENC) of AIA was established from the first day of the company'soperation in summer 1996. The responsibilities of ENC are related to the EnvironmentalManagement System, aircraft noise, air quality, resources monitoring, water management, naturalenvironment, waste management, cultural heritage, and community projects. AIA is the first Hellenicairport, with an Environmental Department that has been certified according to EN ISO 14001since December 2000.The airport and the activities directly and/or indirectly associated with its operations can have anenvironmental impact on water. In order to avoid such impacts, ENC closely monitors and takes initiativesregarding several water issues including: Ground water, Surface water & Potable waterMonitoring.The purpose of this paper is to provide detailed information regarding water management issues,especially those related to monitoring programs. Several such programs are conducted on aregular basis (some having commenced even prior to airport operations, e.g., groundwater and surfacewater) where the different water media are sampled, sent to accredited laboratories, analysedfor a selected suite of parameters, and checked for environmental compliance. If any of the waterstested are in non-compliance then a series of corrective measures are initiatedGroundwater sampling and analysis have been conducted on the airport site prior to airportopening. Results indicate that the parameters observed in exceedance to European legislation areattributed to agricultural practices that were prevalent prior to the airport construction rather thanfrom airport operationsSurface water sampling has been conducted on the site since airport opening. The selectedsuite of parameters tested from specific locations show that no systematic elevated levels havebeen recorded. The initiatives of ENC, including training, environmental auditing of Airport's ThirdParties, and remediation measures, have contributed to this outcomeThe results from the potable water sampling and analysis, which is conducted in cooperationwith EYDAP, indicate that water quality is in compliance with Greek legislation.This paper will be of interest to researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers, since it providesuseful information regarding the design, implementation, and outcome of water monitoring programs.
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Faiq Hatta, Mohammad Iqbalul, and Nuryono Satya Widodo. "Robot Operating System (ROS) in Quadcopter Flying Robot Using Telemetry System." International Journal of Robotics and Control Systems 1, no. 1 (February 22, 2021): 54–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31763/ijrcs.v1i1.247.

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In this study implementing odometry using RVIZ on a quadcopter flying robot that uses the Pixhawk Cube firmware version 3.6.8 as the sub-controller. Then the Lenovo G400 laptop as the main-controller as well as the Ground Control Station using the ubuntu 16.04 Linux operating system. The ROS platform uses the Kinetic and MAVROS versions as a quadcopter platform package using MAVlink communication with the telemetry module. The odometry system was tested using Rviz as navigation for Quadcopter movements in carrying out movements that follow movement patterns in certain shapes and perform basic robot movements. Data were collected using a standard measuring instrument inclinometer as a measurement of the slope of the robot and visualization RVIZ as a visual display of the odometric robot. The results of the research obtained are that the flying robot can maneuver according to the shape on the RVIZ according to the movements carried out directly at the airport, as well as the effect of the roll angle on the quadcopter (negative left roll, positive right) and the pitch angle on the quadcopter (negative forward pitch, the pitch returns positive).
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Mahseredjian, Ara, Jacqueline Thomas, and R. John Hansman. "Advanced procedure noise model validation using Seattle International Airport noise monitor networks." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 4787–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2842.

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Advanced operational flight procedures that utilize modifications to thrust, airspeed, altitude, and configuration can be implemented to mitigate noise impacts for communities surrounding airports. Evaluating and designing such procedures requires accurate modeling of the aircraft performance, source noise, and atmospheric propagation of the source noise to the ground. Modeling frameworks to assess advanced procedures have been developed but must be validated to ensure their results are reasonable. This paper presents validation of such noise models using a network of ground noise monitoring data at Seattle-Tacoma International airport and ADS-B operational radar flight profiles from the OpenSky database. Modeled noise from operational flights of several aircraft types are shown to be consistent with noise monitor data when reasonable flap settings and atmospheric corrections for the actual weather at the time of flight are used. Discrepancies that exist between the modeled and measured noise results are identified to determine where current noise modeling methods must be improved to accurately represent all relevant noise sources.
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Budd, Thomas. "An exploratory examination of additional ground access trips generated by airport ‘meeter-greeters’." Journal of Air Transport Management 53 (June 2016): 242–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jairtraman.2016.03.012.

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Pelli, F., P. K. Kaiser, and N. R. Morgenstern. "An interpretation of ground movements recorded during construction of the Donkin-Morien tunnel." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 28, no. 2 (April 1, 1991): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t91-030.

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A tunnel excavated by a tunnel boring machine was monitored extensively by means of extensometers installed near the tunnel face. Consequently, the three-dimensional state existing at the time of installation must be considered for the interpretation of the monitoring data. Results from three-dimensional finite element simulations are used to back-calculate rock mass strength and deformation properties. The purpose of this study was to establish and test various approaches of back-analysis. Results are compared with field and laboratory measurements. On the basis of these analyses, the paper provides guidance on how field data can be used for back-analysis purposes even when the ground behaves in a nonelastic manner. Key words: tunnelling, monitoring, tunnel boring, back-analysis, nonlinearity.
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Lin, Tzu-Hsuan, Yan Wu, Kenichi Soga, Brad Parker Wham, Chalermpat Pariya-Ekkasut, Blake Berger, and Thomas D. O’Rourke. "Buried Wireless Sensor Network for Monitoring Pipeline Joint Leakage Caused by Large Ground Movements." Journal of Pipeline Systems Engineering and Practice 10, no. 4 (November 2019): 04019023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)ps.1949-1204.0000392.

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