Relevant bibliographies by topics / Monitoring project costs

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Monitoring project costs'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Monitoring project costs"

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Štiková, H. "  Project costs planning in the conditions of uncertainty." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 2 (March 5, 2012): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2011-agricecon.

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The fuzzy approach to the project network analysis of the project planning and control is commonly oriented on the fuzzy critical path setting and the project duration monitoring. In the article, this approach is improved by the addition of the project costs perspective to the standard time aspect. The relations for the fuzzy quantity of the total project costs and for its membership function are derived. The example demonstrates the application of the theoretical relations and shows how the enhanced fuzzy approach can be used when different project variants are to be compared. The example also reveals how the fuzzy approach with the project costs monitoring brings new information for the project planning and management and for the risk management.  
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Cohen Kashi, Shiva, Shai Rozenes, and Irad Ben-Gal. "Project Management Monitoring Based on Expected Duration Entropy." Entropy 22, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080905.

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Projects are rarely executed exactly as planned. Often, the actual duration of a project’s activities differ from the planned duration, resulting in costs stemming from the inaccurate estimation of the activity’s completion date. While monitoring a project at various inspection points is pricy, it can lead to a better estimation of the project completion time, hence saving costs. Nonetheless, identifying the optimal inspection points is a difficult task, as it requires evaluating a large number of the project’s path options, even for small-scale projects. This paper proposes an analytical method for identifying the optimal project inspection points by using information theory measures. We search for monitoring (inspection) points that can maximize the information about the project’s estimated duration or completion time. The proposed methodology is based on a simulation-optimization scheme using a Monte Carlo engine that simulates potential activities’ durations. An exhaustive search is performed of all possible monitoring points to find those with the highest expected information gain on the project duration. The proposed algorithm’s complexity is little affected by the number of activities, and the algorithm can address large projects with hundreds or thousands of activities. Numerical experimentation and an analysis of various parameters are presented.
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Peplinski, William J., Jesse Roberts, Geoff Klise, Sharon Kramer, Zach Barr, Anna West, and Craig Jones. "Marine Energy Environmental Permitting and Compliance Costs." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 4719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164719.

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Costs to permit Marine Energy projects are poorly understood. In this paper we examine environmental compliance and permitting costs for 19 projects in the U.S., covering the last 2 decades. Guided discussions were conducted with developers over a 3-year period to obtain historical and ongoing project cost data relative to environmental studies (e.g., baseline or pre-project site characterization as well as post-installation effects monitoring), stakeholder outreach, and mitigation, as well as qualitative experience of the permitting process. Data are organized in categories of technology type, permitted capacity, pre- and post-installation, geographic location, and funding types. We also compare our findings with earlier logic models created for the Department of Energy (i.e., Reference Models). Environmental studies most commonly performed were for Fish and Fisheries, Noise, Marine Habitat/Benthic Studies and Marine Mammals. Studies for tidal projects were more expensive than those performed for wave projects and the range of reported project costs tended to be wider than ranges predicted by logic models. For eight projects reporting full project costs, from project start to FERC or USACE permit, the average amount for environmental permitting compliance was 14.6%.
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Lewis, Colin. "Monitoring R&D project costs against pre-specified targets." R&D Management 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb01213.x.

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Bagheri, Mohammad, Scott Ryan, David Byers, and Matthias Raab. "Reducing cost of CCUS associated with natural gas production by improving monitoring technologies." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19137.

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This paper examines how we can reduce the cost of carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS). The CO2CRC research and demonstration projects during the last 15 years and the upcoming Otway Stage 3 Project aim to reduce the cost of CCUS. The CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Project will develop subsurface monitoring technologies which can significantly reduce the cost of the surveillance. The CCUS associated with natural gas processing carries the lowest cost compared to other industries because production of concentrated CO2 streams is already part of the gas production process. Transport and storage remain the highest cost components of CCUS for natural gas production. Ranges of storage and transportation costs based on different publicly available data are ~US$2–40/tCO2 and ~US$2–10/tCO2 respectively. Further, the US Department of Energy cost model identifies 40–60% of storage cost as relating to recurring monitoring. This is highly dependent on project specifications, regulatory requirements and geographical considerations. The application of Otway Stage 3 subsurface technologies show preliminary long-term monitoring cost savings estimates for a large Australian project of up to 75% compared to conventional surface seismic-based methodologies. Depending on total injection mass, this would equate to an estimated cost saving of up to AU$12/tonne of CO2 injected for such a project. Reduced monitoring costs could be applied to all CCUS projects but would be of most interest to gas projects because storage is likely to be the biggest contributor to overall CCUS cost.
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Konoreva, Tatiana, Olesia Miliushenko, and Oksana Kovaleva. "Formation and Evaluation of Costs for Geotechnical Monitoring." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401032.

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In this paper, the features of a set of works on geotechnical monitoring as an object of cost accounting are identified. The factors that determine the specifics of various geotechnical monitoring agreements that affect related costs are studied. The modern practice of the formation and accounting of costs for geotechnical monitoring in the exploring and mining organizations is investigated. The expediency of applying the project method of accounting and cost estimation for a complex of geotechnical monitoring works is substantiated. Using of appropriate documentary forms of accounting and cost estimation for the implementation of geotechnical monitoring in organizations engaged in geotechnical monitoring is recommended.
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Zaigham Ali, Ammar Hussain, and Zubair Ahmed. "Breakdown in Monitoring Project Performance to Reduce Transaction Cost in Public Sector Construction Projects: A Case Study from Pakistan." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 414–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(414-427).

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The purpose of this research is to break down the monitoring process to explore the problems which impede cost efficiency in contract monitoring in a developing country, such as Pakistan. This research investigated the issues and challenges to the cost-efficient and effective implementation of project monitoring systems in public sector construction projects in Pakistan. This study uses the transaction cost economics (TCE) lens, to explore the project monitoring process of construction projects, 25 interviews with Engineers and Associate engineers were conducted from public sector construction projects. Qualitative research was performed, and thick qualitative data has been coded, categorized, analyzed, and concluded. The study concluded that in principle, project monitoring contributes to reduced transaction costs, depending on how efficiently governance arrangements are made. Hurdles related to weak governance in the organization significantly increase the post-contract transaction cost (TC). As a result of the analysis, multiple issues have been identified from the study such as Political realities, capacity building, resource constraints, administrative issues, mutual dependency, and department coordination has a direct influence on the TCs in construction projects. The result of this study provides a deeper understanding and clear roadmap of the ongoing monitoring practices and processes in the public sector construction projects. It identifies the problems and issues of the monitoring process in the construction industry of developing countries which potentially causes to increase in the total project cost.
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Wanjira, Kellen, and Dr Christine Ngari. "DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESSFUL PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF ROADS PROJECTS AT KENYA NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 3, no. 1 (October 26, 2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.251.

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Purpose: The study aims at investigating the determinants of successful project management practices on performance of roads projects at Kenya National Highways Authority. This study was limited to four variables, which include project monitoring, management support, Project team, and Project funding.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population included the top project management team of KeNHA, Monitoring Officers of KeNHA, Project Engineers (PEs), financial officers and auditors, Consultants and Contractors in the entire structure of KeNHA totaling to 174. The study employed stratified random sampling technique to acquire a sample size of 87. The study collected both quantitative and qualitative data through the use of a organized survey of questionnaire. Data was presented in the form of frequency distribution tables, graphs and pie charts that facilitates description and explanation of the study findings. Results: The study findings revealed that project monitoring, management support, Project team competency and Project funding influence performance of roads projects at KeNHA. The results of findings indicates that a unit increase in project monitoring, management support Project team competency and Project funding leads to 0.873, 0.581, 0.713 and 0.289 increase in performance of roads projects at KeNHA respectively. The study concluded that Project Funds greatly influence road Project Completion. Recommendations: The study recommends that management should provide the necessary provision to the practical and operating workers in the development of road project operations for real and practical success of objectives. Highly qualified and experienced management support with a relevant experience and technical skills should be hired to implement road projects. This will enable the Kenya government get value for their money, achieve on-time projects completion and save huge costs.
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Urgiles, Paul, Miguel A. Sebastian, and Juan Claver. "Proposal and Application of a Methodology to Improve the Control and Monitoring of Complex Hydroelectric Power Station Construction Projects." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 8, 2020): 7913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217913.

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All complex projects take place in environments of great uncertainty. Maintaining a monitoring and control system from the early stages of execution is a critical factor in the success of this type of project. Large hydroelectric power station construction projects are regarded as highly complex because they are affected by factors such as the risks inherent in a variety of fields of engineering, geology and the environment, the long execution times, and the large number of multidisciplinary activities to be carried out in parallel, among others. These types of projects are commonly affected by cost overruns and delays. This work develops a methodology for the monitoring and control of complex construction projects in the hydroelectric sector that enables a periodical calculation of metrics for physical progress, financial progress, and predictions for costs and durations on completion of the project. The verification of the efficiency of this methodology was based on stochastic simulation models applied to real projects in the hydropower sector. The results showed that the proposed methodology improved efficiency compared with existing traditional methodologies. The proposed methodology allows the simultaneous consideration of costs, deadlines, criticality, and risks of the activities of the analyzed projects and also incorporates multicriteria decision techniques to manage the influence of key aspects during the development of the project.
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Chesoli, Rose Nakhaye, Janet Mwende Mutiso, and Moses Wamalwa. "Monitoring with social media: Experiences from “integrating” WhatsApp in the M&E system under sweet potato value chain." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (August 3, 2020): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0045.

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AbstractDealing with multiple stakeholders in agriculture–nutrition projects often makes communication and the collection of quality, reliable, and low-cost data complex and challenging. Communication bureaucracies among stakeholders often lead to delay, distortion, or loss of information along the communication channel. Social networking platforms can facilitate communication and collection of real-time data useful for project monitoring. This article shares our experience in using the WhatsApp platform for communication and collection of additional monitoring data. A WhatsApp platform for project implementers from the ministries of health (100) and agriculture (52) from Bungoma, Busia, Homa Bay, and Migori counties Kenya was formed in September 2016 for sharing additional monitoring data in the form of photos, videos, and texts. Project monitoring-related costs reduced by 51% and collapsing reporting hierarchies reduced information delays, thereby saving time and communication challenges. A shared understanding among different actors on the project’s indicators, reporting timelines, and data collection guidelines improved the quality of continuous monitoring data. However, staff transfer and replacements called for the continuous induction of new entrants to the forum. WhatsApp is a compelling tool in project monitoring to mitigate communication challenges. It offers an opportunity to share information on one platform among different cadres, facilitating collective action in multisectoral approach projects.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Monitoring project costs"

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Zukalová, Kateřina. "Řízení developerského projektu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232830.

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Master’s thesis aims at understanding the process of planning and implementation of development project. It focuses in particular on the description and analysis of various stages of the project, especially in terms of their management and elimination of potential risks. The first part of the thesis deals mainly with theoretical introduction of the topic and definition of basic concepts and methods. The second part of the work is already trying to map a specific development project and to analyze its real progress. This section also proposed other possible approaches to addressing certain specific tasks within the individual phases and the elimination of potential risks that the project actually occurred, including the proposal of optimal process for managing development project.
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Vaculová, Kateřina. "Řízení stavební zakázky zadavatelem." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta stavební, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225626.

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The thesis deals with the topic of building orders are how they are managed by contracting authority or client. It presents building order as a project, and describes the way in which this project is organized, prepared and implemented. It also highlights all the factors that have impact on how building orders are managed. And since the most important of these factors is construction costs, the thesis provides an analysis of one particular building order from this perspective, listing all the things that are involved in the construction costs and pointing out in what way. The accuracy of the expected costs is then compared with construction engineering price indicators.
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Abubakar, Abdu. "A quantitative approach to cost monitoring and control of construction projects." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1992. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6762.

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Existing literature and research findings indicated that cost monitoring and control of construction projects by contractors at the level of site operations has remained ineffective largely due to inability of existing control systems to accurately predict when, to what extent and why an on-going operation or project is to overrun its planned duration and cost. In most cases the information that would enable such advance detection becomes available to decision makers after the affected operation or project is completed. It is then hoped that the information could be used to 'control' future similar situations which in the case of construction projects hardly arise, at least never under identical circumstances. The existing cost control systems also fail to enable rational corrective decisions to be formulated. This resulted in total reliance on previous experience and personal intuition to make a guess of corrective measures. Most research efforts have focussed mainly on various aspects of project modelling and cost control using traditional accounting approaches that consistently fail to meet the requirements and schedule of timely cost control. This research identified, from empirical evidence, construction and management science literature, the essential criteria and features of an effective cost monitoring and control approach for construction projects. The evidence from these three sources led to the formulation of an alternative approach based on quantitative analysis of cost data from construction projects. The cost monitoring and control process carried out on sites was formulated as a problem whose solution process is implemented using multiple regression and goal programming models and techniques that enable timely evaluation and prediction of costs and a rational computation of corrective decisions. This allowed cost deviations to be detected and optimum corrective measures calculated while the affected operation or project was still in progress.
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Bohn, Jeffrey S. "Benefits and barriers of construction project monitoring using hi-resolution automated cameras." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/28203.

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Apostolidou, Ilektra-Georgia, and Georgios Karmiris. "Risk-adjusted Earned Value and Earned Duration Management models for project performance forecasting." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för industriell ekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-18965.

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Project control is essential to ensure that the investment on a project is providing the intended benefits and is valuable to the customers. Previous methods offer project performance monitoring and forecasting tools, but they lack accuracy and the associated techniques omit the project financial risk (any unplanned event that has an impact on schedule and budget); the main factor of project failure. Poor project execution, and particularly failure to control and accurately forecast the project performance, may lead to increased costs, upset customers and eventually loss of market share. These gaps have been filled in this study by the development of novel models that use statistical analysis of the previous project performance, including risk evaluation techniques. The proposed models succeeded in providing remarkably improved forecasts in three project dimensions: duration, cost and resources. The robustness of the models has been verified by testing them on real projects. The results show superiority in terms of accuracy and easy application compared to any existing method, proving that the risk inclusion provides improvement compared to previous studies. The most important features of the models are: risk-based adjustment of the forecasted values, periodic and completion forecasts, statistical processing and holistic approach. The greatest advancements have been made in the cost forecast, for which the risk adjustment inclusion is examined for the first time. The resources (man-hours) forecast is another pioneer element of the proposed models. All the above provide a complete image of the project status and paint the picture of future performance. The models results are fed in a Decision Support System, which highlights the overperforming and underperforming areas of the project. This confirms the proposition that the model results can be used to initiate restorative action. The contribution of this study to the project management field is easy-to-use and accurate models, which include the financial risk and facilitate the project manager’s decisions and actions. Anticipation of the project performance, by considering the risk, can result to significant time and cost savings, crucial for project success.
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Trella, Fredrik, and Nils Paakkonen. "Development of a Cost-Effective, Reliable and Versatile Monitoring System for Solar Power Installations in Developing Countries : A Minor Field Study as a Master Thesis of the Master Programme in Engineering Physics, Electrical Engineering." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Fasta tillståndets elektronik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-302815.

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This report is the result of a conducted Minor Field Study (MFS), to the greatestextent funded by the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency(SIDA), in an attempt to design a system for evaluating smaller solar power systems indeveloping countries. The study was to the greater part conducted in Nairobi, Kenyain close collaboration with the University of Nairobi. The aim was to develop asystem that would use easily available components and keep the costs to a minimum,yet deliver adequate performance. The system would measure certain parameters of asolar power system and also relevant environmental data in order to evaluate theperformance of the system. Due to the specific competence of the collaboratinggroup at the University of Nairobi, a Kinetis Freescale K64-microcontroller with anARM-Cortex processor was selected as the core of the design. Components wereselected, schematics were drawn, a circuit board was designed and manufactured andsoftware was written. After 12 weeks a somewhat satisfying proof-of-concept wasreached at the end of the field study in Kenya. The project however proved howdifficult it is to go from first idea to a functional proof-of-concept during a limitedtimeframe, and also in an East-African country. The final proof-of-concept was testedat Mpala Research Centre in Kenya and despite containing some flaws proved that itwould indeed be possible to design a working system on the principles discussed inthis report. The system is open-source, so anyone may use and modify it.
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Books on the topic "Monitoring project costs"

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Lampe, Les. Post-project monitoring of BMPs/SUDS to determine performance and whole-life costs. Alexandria, VA: Water Environment Research Foundation, 2003.

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Project scheduling and cost control: Planning, monitoring and controlling the baseline. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Pub., 2007.

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Cappugi, Luigi. Monitoraggio di progetti d'investimento: Cultura e tecnica del project monitoring. Milano, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 1992.

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James, Taylor. Project scheduling and cost control: Planning, monitoring and controlling the baseline. Ft. Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Pub., 2007.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Technical, schedule, and cost uncertainties of the Yucca Mountain repository project : report to congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050 Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 2001.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Department of Energy's Hanford Tank Waste Project-- schedule, cost, and management issues : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington, D.C. 20013): The Office, 1998.

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Atwood, Duane. Final report for Challenge Cost Share Project inventory for least phacelia (Phacelia minutissima), a Bureau of Land Management special status plant. Boise, Idaho: Bureau of Land Management, Idaho State Office, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Impediments to completing the Yucca Mountain repository project : report to Congressional committees. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: DOE's Hanford spent nuclear fuel storage project : cost, schedule, and management issues : report to the Chairman, Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C. (P.O. Box 37050, Washington 20013): U.S. General Accounting Office, 1999.

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Office, General Accounting. Nuclear waste: Department of Energy's project to clean up Pit 9 at Idaho Falls is experiencing problems : report to the Committee on Commerce, House of Representatives. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Monitoring project costs"

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Rossella, Stocco, Pirrera Laura, and Cellini Emilio. "L’applicazione di tecniche innovative nel monitoraggio costiero degli habitat prioritari." In Proceedings e report, 620–31. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-147-1.62.

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The aim of the present paper is to define the advantage to use innovative techniques based on sperimental tool to supplement the traditional techniques in marine monitoring, through experience of CRSM-ARPACAL (Centro Regionale Strategia Marina) into two regional projects called "SIC Carlit" and "Musmap". Both projects have shown that in the monitoring of coastal marine ecosystems the sperimental techniques to supplement traditional methods can provide more accurate and data with reduced costs and times of work.
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Pant, Shashank, Zahra Sharif Khodaei, and Mohamad Ghazi Droubi. "Monitoring Tasks in Aerospace." In Structural Health Monitoring Damage Detection Systems for Aerospace, 5–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72192-3_2.

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AbstractApproximately up to one-fifth of the direct operating cost of a commercial civilian fixed-wing aircraft is projected to be due to inspection and maintenance alone. Managing aircraft health with minimal human intervention and technologies that can perform continuous or on-demand monitoring/evaluation of aircraft components without having to take the aircraft out of service can have a significant impact on increasing availability while reducing maintenance cost. The ambition of these monitoring technologies is to shift aircraft maintenance practice from planned maintenance (PM), where the aircraft is taken out of service for scheduled inspection/maintenance, to condition-based maintenance (CBM), where aircraft is taken out of service only when maintenance is required, while maintaining the required levels of safety. Structural health monitoring (SHM) techniques can play a vital role in progressing towards CBM practice. Therefore, this chapter aims to provide the reader with a brief overview of the different SHM techniques and their use, as well as, challenges in implementing them for aircraft applications.
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McNally, Michael J., Jack C. Chaplin, Giovanna Martínez-Arellano, and Svetan Ratchev. "Data Capture and Visualisation on a Shoestring: Demonstrating the Digital Manufacturing on a Shoestring Project." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 200–209. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72632-4_14.

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AbstractThe adoption of digital manufacturing in small to medium enterprises (SMEs) in the manufacturing sector in the UK is low, yet these technologies offer significant promise to boost productivity. Two major causes of this lack of uptake is the high upfront cost of digital technologies, and the skill gap preventing understanding and implementation. This paper describes a common approach to data capture and visualisation that is cheap and simple. Cheap through the utilisation of low cost and readily available consumer technologies, and simple through the pre-defined flexible approaches that require a minimum of configuration. This approach was implemented on three demonstrators to showcase the flexibility of the approach. These were a tool condition monitoring system, a job and machine status monitor, and a robotic process monitor. The development process resulted in a software architecture where processes were separated and communicated by message queues. We conclude that a service oriented architecture would be the best system for carrying forward the development process. This research was conducted as part of the wider EPSRC Digital Manufacturing on a Shoestring project.
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Buglione, Luigi, Ernesto Damiani, Fulvio Frati, Sergio Oltolina, and Gabriele Ruffatti. "Improving Quality and Cost-Effectiveness in Enterprise Software Application Development: An Open, Holistic Approach for Project Monitoring and Control." In Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 125–39. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21544-5_11.

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Marmolejo-Rebellón, Luis Fernando, Edgar Ricardo Oviedo-Ocaña, and Patricia Torres-Lozada. "Organic Waste Composting at Versalles: An Alternative That Contributes to the Economic, Social and Environmental Well-Being of Stakeholders." In Organic Waste Composting through Nexus Thinking, 147–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36283-6_7.

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AbstractComposting is one of the most widely used technologies for the recovery and use of organic waste from municipal solid waste (MSW); however, its implementation in some developing countries has mostly been ineffective. This chapter documents the experience of the composting of municipal organic waste in the urban area of ​the municipality of Versalles, Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Within the locality, composting of organic waste occurs at an MSW management plant (SWMP), after being separated at the source and selectively collected. The information presented was generated through collaborative research projects, conducted with the cooperation of Camino Verde APC (a community-based organisation providing sanitation services) and Universidad del Valle (Cali, Colombia). The evaluations undertaken show that (i) within the locality, high rates of separation, at the source, in conjunction with selective collection and efficient waste sorting and classification processes in the SWMP, have significantly facilitated the composting process; (ii) the incorporation of locally available amendment or bulking materials (e.g. star grass and cane bagasse) improves the physicochemical quality of the processed organic waste and favours development (i.e. a reduction in process time), leading to an improvement in product quality; (iii) the operation, maintenance and monitoring of the composting process can be carried out by previously trained local human talent; and (iv) revenues from the sale of the final product (compost) are not sufficient to cover the operating costs of the composting process. Despite this current lack of financial viability, the application of technology entails environmental benefits (e.g. a reduction in the generation of greenhouse gases) and social benefits (e.g. employment opportunities), which, given the conditions in the municipality studied, highlight the relevance of this technological option.
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Lanorte, Antonio, Fortunato De Santis, Angelo Aromando, and Rosa Lasaponara. "Low Cost Pre-operative Fire Monitoring from Fire Danger to Severity Estimation Based on Satellite MODIS, Landsat and ASTER Data: The Experience of FIRE-SAT Project in the Basilicata Region (Italy)." In Computational Science and Its Applications – ICCSA 2012, 481–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31137-6_37.

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"Monitoring Project Costs and Calculating ROI." In Project Management ROI, 201–16. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118122587.ch11.

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"Monitoring the True Costs of the Project Solution." In The Project Management Scorecard, 212–28. Routledge, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780080515212-18.

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Srao, Bhupinder Kaur, Hardeep Singh Rai, and Kulwinder Singh Mann. "Why India Should Make It Compulsory to Go for BIM." In Analyzing the Role of Risk Mitigation and Monitoring in Software Development, 266–77. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6029-6.ch017.

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This chapter describes how the effective tool for scheduling and controlling costs, calculating time periods and managing the technological enhancement of a construction project is project risk assessment. Projects under construction usually encounter a lot of uncertainties at different stages of work, which leads to increase of risk in terms of the expected cost of construction, delays in handing over and a poor quality of the project. The Indian built environment sector is ruined by delays and cost overruns as projects are not completed within time and within quality guidelines. Due to the increasing complexity of the design, operation, construction maintenance of modern built environmental assets, traditional construction has become an outdated paradigm. Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a multi-dimensional tool. It is a process that puts all the team members together to build a virtual design and construction methodologies all through the complete design. This extends to the full life of the project, entailing all the construction processes and maintenance of the building.
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Desai, Vijaya S. "Risk Analysis Using Simulation Software Applied on a Road Infrastructure Project." In Risk and Contingency Management, 99–109. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3932-2.ch006.

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Risk management in infrastructure projects has been a very important process to achieve the project objectives, namely: time, cost, quality, safety and environmental sustainability. Huge investments are made in infrastructure construction projects like roads, railways, ports, airports, electricity, telecommunication, oil gas pipelines and irrigation. This growing Increase in investment in infrastructure investment projects demands requires close monitoring of costs to ensure a net return. The evaluation of returns on investment at the conceptual stage plays a vital role in this phase. Software tools help in bringing out near accurate analysis of returns on investments and to support project viability under multiple circumstances. The paper presents an analysis of how software was applied to evaluate and mitigate risk during the case of a six lane road infrastructure project. The unit of analysis was the impact of cost of construction cost, interest rates for loans, methods of depreciation, revenue sharing on various financial indices: IRR, MIRR, DSCR and payback period. The interpretation was that software tools can be used to perform risk analysis, sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis. The case study makes a contribution to the body of knowledge by developing guidelines for using software tools in risk management.
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Conference papers on the topic "Monitoring project costs"

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Matsuura, Troy, Steve Duling, Bruce Spiller, and Gerald Simpson. "Managing Project Budget Expectations through the Monitoring and Reporting of Pipeline Material Costs." In Pipeline Division Specialty Conference 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41138(386)147.

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DuToit, Dana, Kent Ryan, John Rice, James Bay, and Jorge Peralta. "Fiber Optic Monitoring of Pipeline Subsidence: Analysis of Effective Sensor Cable Deployments." In 2014 10th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2014-33179.

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Long range, distributed fiber optic sensing systems have been an available tool for more than a decade to monitor pipeline subsidence integrity challenges. Effective deployment scenarios are an important decision to be factored into the selection of this monitoring equipment and typologies relative to specific project needs. In an effort to analyze the effectiveness of various fiber optic deployment conditions, a controlled field experiment was conducted. Within this field experiment, a variety of distributed fiber optic sensors and point sensors were deployed in predefined positions. These positions relative to the pipeline were selected to support a range of deployment needs including new construction or retrofitting of existing pipelines. A 16-inch diameter by 60-meter long epoxy coated pipeline that was capable of being pressurized to mimic operating conditions was utilized. This test pipe was installed in a typical trench setting. Conventional point gauges were installed at key locations on the pipeline. Fiber optic sensor cables were installed at key locations providing 14 alternative scenarios in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and cost. After construction of the test pipeline, real time continuous monitoring via the array of conventional and fiber optic sensors commenced. A deep trench was excavated adjacent and parallel to the central portion of the pipeline which began to induce subsidence in the test pipeline. Continued monitoring of the various sensors produced real time visualization of the evolving subsidence. A comparison of the reaction of the sensors is compiled to provide an intelligent selection criteria for integrity managers in terms of accuracy, deployment, and costs for pipeline subsidence monitoring projects. In addition, further analysis of this sensor data should provide more insight into pipeline/soil interaction models and behaviors.
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DuToit, Dana, Kent Ryan, John Rice, James Bay, and Fabien Ravet. "Analysis of Strain Sensor Cable Models and Effective Deployments for Distributed Fiber Optical Geotechnical Monitoring System." In ASME 2015 International Pipeline Geotechnical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipg2015-8520.

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Long range, distributed fiber optic sensing systems have been an available tool for more than a decade to monitor pipeline subsidence integrity challenges. Effective deployment scenarios are an important decision to be factored into the selection of this monitoring equipment and typologies relative to specific project needs. In an effort to analyze the effectiveness of various fiber optic deployment conditions, a controlled field experiment was conducted. Within this field experiment, a variety of distributed fiber optic sensors and point sensors were deployed in predefined positions. These positions relative to the pipeline were selected to support a range of deployment needs including new construction or retrofitting of existing pipelines. A 16-inch diameter by 60-meter long epoxy coated pipeline that was capable of being pressurized to mimic operating conditions was utilized. This test pipe was installed in a typical trench setting. Conventional point gauges were installed at key locations on the pipeline. Fiber optic sensor cables were installed at key locations providing 14 alternative scenarios in terms of sensitivity, accuracy, and cost. After construction of the test pipeline, real time continuous monitoring via the array of conventional and fiber optic sensors commenced. A deep trench was excavated adjacent and parallel to the central portion of the pipeline which began to induce subsidence in the test pipeline. Continued monitoring of the various sensors produced real time visualization of the evolving subsidence. A comparison of the reaction of the sensors is compiled to provide an intelligent selection criteria for integrity managers in terms of accuracy, deployment, and costs for pipeline subsidence monitoring projects. In addition, further analysis of this sensor data should provide more insight into pipeline/soil interaction models and behaviors.
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Lajevardi, Sadegh, José Campos e Matos, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "Quality control index survey for railway bridge health monitoring." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1289.

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<p>Inspection and rehabilitation are the most important activities during any maintenance procedure. A maintenance project demands to manage resources with regard to data related to components’ condition, defined by a given index. In this manner, data sets obtained for each index, and for each case study, are used for finding the new quality control index with maximum value of data. In this approach, risk analysis is used for prioritization and reducing costs with increasing data value with focusing on important elements as well as maximizing value of information (VoI) in measurements and inspections. Risk analysis is the most common tool for data mining and intelligent judgment obtained from observations. Risk analysis results are usually calculated to find the weight for each data set index in terms of their scores, which are called factor scores and finding the new quality control indexed for each case.</p><p>Finally, the major and important index according to their weight and risk scores, is obtained and used for decision making in maintenance projects. An application is shown consisting of 29 Railway Bridges in suburban area with data obtained from periodic inspections. All of these bridges are constructed in reinforced concrete.</p><p>Finally, it is desirable to produce new check list with regard to important data and quality control indexes. The priority of each bridge in the railway network as well as the priority for each component in their structure could be obtained by the new quality control indexes. Resource planning usage for the network component could be determined by this approach after computation of the new quality control index. Resources planning consists of inspection intervals and their materials usage for maintenance activities.</p>
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Austin, John S. "Deploying a Mini-CEM System at the Hampton/NASA Steam Plant." In 9th Annual North American Waste-to-Energy Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nawtec9-112.

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Abstract The Hampton/NASA Steam Plant embarked on a project to replace the 16 year old emission monitors for the facility’s two refuse fired boiler units. The challenge was to install monitors that could fully meet the current EPA requirements while providing continuous monitoring with less than a one minute response time. The facility installed two Land FGA 930e analyzers close coupled to the outlet duct of the economizer. The sample conditioning system installed has enabled reliable operation while protecting the analyzers. The analyzers passed the initial RATA at the first try, and have been performing well over six months of operation. The total costs for the project was $75,800.
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Gill, Sukhi, and Brett Vogt. "4D Inspection: A Comprehensive Platform to Digitize Pipeline Construction Inspection and Generate Data Driven Continuous Improvement." In 2020 13th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2020-9735.

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Abstract Beginning in 2018, TC Energy began an effort to digitize inspection and construction management and internally named this concept the Dynamic, Digital, Data and Diagnostics platform otherwise known as “4D Inspection”. The 4D Inspection platform is built upon Project Consulting Service’s Epilogue® energy infrastructure construction management solution and is intended to evolve inspection reporting to a digital platform to create standardized construction reporting embedded with real-time compliance validations for efficient and effective management of field construction issues, progress tracking, and over-all construction quality monitoring. Currently, this effort is nearing the end of its first year of a multi-year implementation plan, the platform is in use on projects in both Canada and the United States spanning four different time zones with more than 595 inspectors on over $7.5 billion in capital projects. Even with implementation still underway, this concept’s key functionality, like automated inspection report document control, simplified photo capture with geo-tagging and automated daily progress reporting, has provided immediate benefits of more thorough, more reliable, and more efficient construction data than ever gathered using previous data collection processes. With improved data accuracy and detail, TC Energy gains insight and even foresight into how best to advance construction quality and safety while also impacting overall project costs and schedule.
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van den Boom, Henk J. J., and Thijs W. F. Hasselaar. "Ship Speed-Power Performance Assessment." In SNAME Maritime Convention. SNAME, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/smc-2014-t04.

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The speed/power characteristics of ships have always been at the core of ship design. To prove contractually agreed values, speed trials are conducted by the yard prior to delivery of the ship to the owner. In the past schedule integrity of the vessel was often the most important factor for the speed requirement. Today, owners and operators are keen to reduce fuel consumption to decrease operational costs. So far a variety of methods for conducting and analyzing speed/power trials have been used by shipyards. With the assistance of the Sea Trial Analysis-Joint Industry Project, ITTC developed guidelines for the execution and analysis of speed/power trials compliant with IMO EEDI. The need to reduce fuel costs and exhaust gas emissions including the upcoming environmental regulations such as EEOI by IMO urge for reliable monitoring of ship performance in service conditions. This requires accurate information of the speed through water. Although the speed log is one of the oldest instruments on board it is not considered the most reliable one. Results of an extensive monitoring campaign on board a 1800 TEU container vessel equipped with six speed logs within SPA-JIP will be presented. The state of art of performance monitoring will be presented.
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Andracher, Lukas, Fabrice Giuliani, Nina Paulitsch, and Vanessa Moosbrugger. "Progress on Combined Optic-Acoustic Monitoring of Combustion in a Gas Turbine." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-16007.

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Abstract The need for better combustion monitoring in gas turbines has become more acute with the latest technical requirements, standards, and policies in terms of safety, environment, efficiency, operation flexibility and operation costs. This paper reports on a concept for gas turbine combustion monitoring using multiple probes that combine optical and acoustical measurements. The motivation of the project is twofold. On the one side, one wants to exploit the radiative feature of the flame and transform it into a piece of reliable information about the combustion status. On the other side, this information can be useful in terms of data interpretation or data reconciliation with other information coming from further sensors such as temperature probes, fast pressure probes or accelerometers. For this purpose, a set of multiple Rayleigh Criterion Probes (RCPs) combining optical and acoustical sensors is used. Detailed information about the RCP can be found in paper GT2017-63626, [1]. The focus is put on the detection of the flame, on the monitoring of the ignition process, on the quality assessment of combustion based on its spectral contents (including soot formation) and on the detection of possible combustion instabilities. The novel test rig used for validation of this advanced combustion monitoring concept is introduced, and minimal instrumentation including three probes is recommended. The split in red, green and blue (RGB) light components and their further analysis allows mapping the different types of operation. Solutions are proposed to bring the optical interface as near as possible to the flame and make it operational and reliable despite prevailing heat. The paper closes with a description of the ongoing tests on a pressurized combustion facility, and a sketch for a 3-RCPs based compact combustion monitoring system. The advantages of selected chromatic spectral bands are discussed, as well as the remaining challenges towards a full demonstration.
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Atkinson, Ian, Chris Gregory, Stephen P. Kelly, and Katherine J. Kirk. "Ultrasmart: Developments in Ultrasonic Flaw Detection and Monitoring for High Temperature Plant Applications." In ASME 2007 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/creep2007-26411.

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Plant in the power generation, petrochemical and metals processing industries is subject to increasingly onerous operational and regulatory requirements. Where plant that operates at high temperature is involved, the costs associated with shutdown for planned or unplanned inspection to meet these requirements can be particularly high. The ability to perform condition monitoring or flaw detection at on-line plant temperatures would enable plant to remain in operation for longer periods, reduce the risk of damage from thermal cycling associated with periodic shutdowns and allow shutdowns to be completed more quickly. The associated minimizing of the loss of revenue caused by frequent and lengthy shutdowns is a highly attractive proposition to the plant operators. This paper reports on progress in the Ultrasmart Project, which is being undertaken by a consortium of UK companies and aims to address the problems associated with performing ultrasonic inspection on pressure vessels and piping at temperatures exceeding ∼350°C. A brief review of the state of current industry capabilities is given and then details of the developments investigated within Ultrasmart are reported and discussed. These include: • Liquid cooled transducers and automated scanning mechanisms suitable for deployment on components with surface temperatures up to ∼500°C. • Permanently mounted piezoelectric transducers suitable for long term flaw growth or component thickness monitoring at temperatures up to ∼750°C. • Techniques, procedures and protocols necessary to achieve reliable and quantifiable inspection capability at high temperatures. • Use of a novel non-resonant thin film Aluminum Nitride (AlN) transducer for in-situ component monitoring.
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Ilangovan, Karthik, Mazlan Dindi, Alexander Fuglesang, and Bastiaen Van Der Rest. "Qualification and Application of All Electric and Topside Less Subsea Multiphase Pump Technology in Subsea Factory Mission to Minimise the Life Cycle Cost." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21803-ms.

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Abstract In recent years, various operating companies have been working on the processes of "Simplification, Standardization, Automation, Digitalization, and Optimization in several elements". To achieve this, there are tremendous subsea technology developments going on all over the world in many areas such as; design in terms of size and weight, improvement in reliability, advanced materials, flow assurance, digital tools, real time condition monitoring and control, installation and operation. The development of Subsea technology continues to be an important part of subsea field development projects to reduce the life cycle costs, increase recovery, provide solution to long tieback problems and challenges. PETRONAS ("the Company") is pursuing an Upstream Life Cycle Cost (CAPEX/OPEX) reduction approach under the Facilities of Future (FOF) program and mission called "Subsea Factory". The FOF target is to reduce Upstream life cycle cost by 40% starting from 2025 and Subsea Factory is one of the enablers to contribute to the reduction. There are four primary technologies focused on Subsea Factory: Subsea Separation, Subsea Multiphase Pump, Water Injection and Subsea Storage. The Subsea Multiphase Pump is one of the prioritized technologies for Subsea Factory to contribute to a 40% reduction. Subsea multiphase pump technology has great potential to reduce the CAPEX/OPEX and increase oil recovery, but due to the high equipment cost, huge topside space requirement, reliability and operating issues become very challenging and limit its application to operating companies. The Company collaborates with FASTsubsea AS on a Joint Industry Project to develop and qualify "the World first All Electric & Topside-less Subsea Multiphase Pump Technology". The uniqueness about this technology compared to commonly installed subsea pump is that it requires much less topside space as there is no need for variable speed drives or barrier fluid hydraulic power units. This paper describes the qualification and application of All-electric & Topside-less subsea multiphase pump technology in the Company - Subsea Factory mission, including: pain point with conventional subsea multiphase pumpthe Joint Industrial Project initiative with respect to technology development to pilot test to maturityimplementation of this technology and value creation in upcoming field development projectthe case study and potential of this technology for the Company future field development project
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Reports on the topic "Monitoring project costs"

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Ruiz, Pablo, Craig Perry, Alejando Garcia, Magali Guichardot, Michael Foguer, Joseph Ingram, Michelle Prats, Carlos Pulido, Robert Shamblin, and Kevin Whelan. The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project: Interim report—Northwest Coastal Everglades (Region 4), Everglades National Park (revised with costs). National Park Service, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2279586.

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The Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve vegetation mapping project is part of the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP). It is a cooperative effort between the South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), the United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), and the National Park Service’s (NPS) Vegetation Mapping Inventory Program (VMI). The goal of this project is to produce a spatially and thematically accurate vegetation map of Everglades National Park and Big Cypress National Preserve prior to the completion of restoration efforts associated with CERP. This spatial product will serve as a record of baseline vegetation conditions for the purpose of: (1) documenting changes to the spatial extent, pattern, and proportion of plant communities within these two federally-managed units as they respond to hydrologic modifications resulting from the implementation of the CERP; and (2) providing vegetation and land-cover information to NPS park managers and scientists for use in park management, resource management, research, and monitoring. This mapping project covers an area of approximately 7,400 square kilometers (1.84 million acres [ac]) and consists of seven mapping regions: four regions in Everglades National Park, Regions 1–4, and three in Big Cypress National Preserve, Regions 5–7. The report focuses on the mapping effort associated with the Northwest Coastal Everglades (NWCE), Region 4 , in Everglades National Park. The NWCE encompasses a total area of 1,278 square kilometers (493.7 square miles [sq mi], or 315,955 ac) and is geographically located to the south of Big Cypress National Preserve, west of Shark River Slough (Region 1), and north of the Southwest Coastal Everglades (Region 3). Photo-interpretation was performed by superimposing a 50 × 50-meter (164 × 164-feet [ft] or 0.25 hectare [0.61 ac]) grid cell vector matrix over stereoscopic, 30 centimeters (11.8 inches) spatial resolution, color-infrared aerial imagery on a digital photogrammetric workstation. Photo-interpreters identified the dominant community in each cell by applying majority-rule algorithms, recognizing community-specific spectral signatures, and referencing an extensive ground-truth database. The dominant vegetation community within each grid cell was classified using a hierarchical classification system developed specifically for this project. Additionally, photo-interpreters categorized the absolute cover of cattail (Typha sp.) and any invasive species detected as either: Sparse (10–49%), Dominant (50–89%), or Monotypic (90–100%). A total of 178 thematic classes were used to map the NWCE. The most common vegetation classes are Mixed Mangrove Forest-Mixed and Transitional Bayhead Shrubland. These two communities accounted for about 10%, each, of the mapping area. Other notable classes include Short Sawgrass Marsh-Dense (8.1% of the map area), Mixed Graminoid Freshwater Marsh (4.7% of the map area), and Black Mangrove Forest (4.5% of the map area). The NWCE vegetation map has a thematic class accuracy of 88.4% with a lower 90th Percentile Confidence Interval of 84.5%.
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Berkowitz, Jacob, Nathan Beane, Kevin Philley, Nia Hurst, and Jacob Jung. An assessment of long-term, multipurpose ecosystem functions and engineering benefits derived from historical dredged sediment beneficial use projects. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41382.

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The beneficial use of dredged materials improves environmental outcomes while maximizing navigation benefits and minimizing costs, in accordance with the principles of the Engineering With Nature® (EWN) initiative. Yet, few studies document the long-term benefits of innovative dredged material management strategies or conduct comprehensive life-cycle analysis because of a combination of (1) short monitoring time frames and (2) the paucity of constructed projects that have reached ecological maturity. In response, we conducted an ecological functional and engineering benefit assessment of six historic (>40 years old) dredged material–supported habitat improvement projects where initial postconstruction beneficial use monitoring data was available. Conditions at natural reference locations were also documented to facilitate a comparison between natural and engineered landscape features. Results indicate the projects examined provide valuable habitat for a variety of species in addition to yielding a number of engineering (for example, shoreline protection) and other (for example, carbon storage) benefits. Our findings also suggest establishment of ecological success criteria should not overemphasize replicating reference conditions but remain focused on achieving specific ecological functions (that is, habitat and biogeochemical cycling) and engineering benefits (that is, storm surge reduction, navigation channel maintenance) achievable through project design and operational management.
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Piercy, Candice, Safra Altman, Todd Swannack, Carra Carrillo, Emily Russ, and John Winkelman. Expert elicitation workshop for planning wetland and reef natural and nature-based features (NNBF) futures. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41665.

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This special report discusses the outcomes of a September 2019 workshop intended to identify barriers to the consideration and implementation of natural and nature-based features (NNBF) in US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) civil works projects. A total of 23 participants representing seven USACE districts, the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC), and the University of California–Santa Cruz met at USACE’s South Atlantic Division Headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia, to discuss how to facilitate the implementation of NNBF into USACE project planning for wetlands and reefs using six categories: (1) site characterization, (2) engineering and design analysis, (3) life-cycle analysis, (4) economic analysis, (5) construction analysis, (6) and operation and maintenance (and monitoring). The workshop identified seven future directions in wetland and reef NNBF research and development: • Synthesize existing literature and analysis of existing projects to better define failure modes. • Determine trigger points that lead to loss of feature function. • Identify performance factors with respect to coastal storm risk management (CSRM) performance as well as ecological performance. • Focus additional research into cobenefits of NNBF. • Quantify the economic life-cycle costs of a project. • Improve technology transfer with regards to NNBF research and topics.
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Mazari, Mehran, Siavash F. Aval, Siddharth M. Satani, David Corona, and Joshua Garrido. Developing Guidelines for Assessing the Effectiveness of Intelligent Compaction Technology. Mineta Transportation Institute, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1923.

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Many factors affect pavement compaction quality, which can vary. Such variability may result in an additional number of passes required, extended working hours, higher energy consumption, and negative environmental impacts. The use of Intelligent Compaction (IC) technology during construction can improve the quality and longevity of pavement structures while reducing risk for contractors and project owners alike. This study develops guidelines for the implementation of IC in the compaction of pavement layers as well as performing a preliminary life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) of IC technology compared to the conventional compaction approach. The environmental impacts of the improved construction process were quantified based on limited data available from the case studies. The LCCA performed in this study consisted of different scenarios in which the number of operating hours was evaluated to estimate the cost efficiency of the intelligent compaction technique during construction. The analyses showed a reduction in energy consumption and the production of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions with the use of intelligent compaction. The LCCA showed that the use of IC technology may reduce the construction and maintenance costs in addition to enhancing the quality control and quality assurance (QC/QA) process. However, a more comprehensive analysis is required to fully quantify the benefits and establish more accurate performance indicators. A draft version of the preliminary guidelines for implementation of IC technology and long-term monitoring of the performance of pavement layers compacted thereby is also included in this report.
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McInerney, Michael K., and John M. Carlyle. : Demonstration of Acoustic Sensing Techniques for Fuel-Distribution System Condition Monitoring : Final Report on Project F07-AR07. Engineer Research and Developmenter Center (U.S.), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/39560.

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Leaks in fuel storage tanks and distribution piping systems have been identified as a mission-critical problem by the Department of Defense and the U.S. Army. Fuel system leaks are often hard to locate and virtually inaccessible for efficient repair because the piping is often installed under a concrete pad or tarmac. Leak repair could cost up to $2,000, and the cost of cleanup and re-mediation for fuel spills can exceed $50,000. In this project an acoustic remote sensing system was installed to monitor an Army heliport refueling system to determine whether it could detect and accurately locate fuel leaks using computer software technolo-gies to distinguish acoustic leakage signatures from normal fuel system operational noise. Demonstration and validation efforts were disadvantaged by the fact that no fuel leaks occurred in the monitored system for the duration of the project. However, the monitoring system did identify several unusual acoustic events within the fueling system and interpret them as indications of intermittent malfunctions of a check valve and a fuel pump. The 30-year ROI is about 6.42. Further work is required before the technology can be fully implemented: its ability to detect fluid leaks must be proven, and the system specifications must be certified through an EPA third party.
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Crouch, Rebecca, Jared Smith, Bobbi Stromer, Christian Hubley, Samuel Beal, Guilherme Lotufo, Afrachanna Butler, et al. Preparative, extraction, and analytical methods for simultaneous determination of legacy and insensitive munition (IM) constituents in aqueous, soil or sediment, and tissue matrices. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41480.

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No standard method exists for determining levels of insensitive munition (IM) compounds in environmental matrices. This project resulted in new methods of extraction, analytical separation and quantitation of 17 legacy and 7 IM compounds, daughter products of IM, and other munition compounds absent from USEPA Method 8330B. Extraction methods were developed for aqueous (direct-injection and solid-phase extraction [SPE]), soil, sediment, and tissue samples using laboratory-spiked samples. Aqueous methods were tested on 5 water sources, with 23 of 24 compounds recovered within DoD QSM Ver5.2 limits. New solvent extraction (SE) methods enabled recovery of all 24 compounds from 6 soils within QSM limits, and a majority of the 24 compounds were recovered at acceptable levels from 4 tissues types. A modified chromatographic treatment method removed analytical interferences from tissue extracts. Two orthogonal high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) separation methods, along with an HPLC–mass spectrometric (HPLC-MS) method, were developed. Implementing these new methods should reduce labor and supply costs by approximately 50%, requiring a single extraction and sample preparation, and 2 analyses rather than 4. These new methods will support environmental monitoring of IM and facilitate execution of risk-related studies to determine long-term effects of IM compounds.
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