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Štiková, H. " Project costs planning in the conditions of uncertainty." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 58, No. 2 (March 5, 2012): 72–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7/2011-agricecon.
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The fuzzy approach to the project network analysis of the project planning and control is commonly oriented on the fuzzy critical path setting and the project duration monitoring. In the article, this approach is improved by the addition of the project costs perspective to the standard time aspect. The relations for the fuzzy quantity of the total project costs and for its membership function are derived. The example demonstrates the application of the theoretical relations and shows how the enhanced fuzzy approach can be used when different project variants are to be compared. The example also reveals how the fuzzy approach with the project costs monitoring brings new information for the project planning and management and for the risk management.
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Cohen Kashi, Shiva, Shai Rozenes, and Irad Ben-Gal. "Project Management Monitoring Based on Expected Duration Entropy." Entropy 22, no. 8 (August 18, 2020): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e22080905.
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Projects are rarely executed exactly as planned. Often, the actual duration of a project’s activities differ from the planned duration, resulting in costs stemming from the inaccurate estimation of the activity’s completion date. While monitoring a project at various inspection points is pricy, it can lead to a better estimation of the project completion time, hence saving costs. Nonetheless, identifying the optimal inspection points is a difficult task, as it requires evaluating a large number of the project’s path options, even for small-scale projects. This paper proposes an analytical method for identifying the optimal project inspection points by using information theory measures. We search for monitoring (inspection) points that can maximize the information about the project’s estimated duration or completion time. The proposed methodology is based on a simulation-optimization scheme using a Monte Carlo engine that simulates potential activities’ durations. An exhaustive search is performed of all possible monitoring points to find those with the highest expected information gain on the project duration. The proposed algorithm’s complexity is little affected by the number of activities, and the algorithm can address large projects with hundreds or thousands of activities. Numerical experimentation and an analysis of various parameters are presented.
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Peplinski, William J., Jesse Roberts, Geoff Klise, Sharon Kramer, Zach Barr, Anna West, and Craig Jones. "Marine Energy Environmental Permitting and Compliance Costs." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 4, 2021): 4719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14164719.
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Costs to permit Marine Energy projects are poorly understood. In this paper we examine environmental compliance and permitting costs for 19 projects in the U.S., covering the last 2 decades. Guided discussions were conducted with developers over a 3-year period to obtain historical and ongoing project cost data relative to environmental studies (e.g., baseline or pre-project site characterization as well as post-installation effects monitoring), stakeholder outreach, and mitigation, as well as qualitative experience of the permitting process. Data are organized in categories of technology type, permitted capacity, pre- and post-installation, geographic location, and funding types. We also compare our findings with earlier logic models created for the Department of Energy (i.e., Reference Models). Environmental studies most commonly performed were for Fish and Fisheries, Noise, Marine Habitat/Benthic Studies and Marine Mammals. Studies for tidal projects were more expensive than those performed for wave projects and the range of reported project costs tended to be wider than ranges predicted by logic models. For eight projects reporting full project costs, from project start to FERC or USACE permit, the average amount for environmental permitting compliance was 14.6%.
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Lewis, Colin. "Monitoring R&D project costs against pre-specified targets." R&D Management 23, no. 1 (January 1993): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9310.1993.tb01213.x.
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Bagheri, Mohammad, Scott Ryan, David Byers, and Matthias Raab. "Reducing cost of CCUS associated with natural gas production by improving monitoring technologies." APPEA Journal 60, no. 1 (2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj19137.
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This paper examines how we can reduce the cost of carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS). The CO2CRC research and demonstration projects during the last 15 years and the upcoming Otway Stage 3 Project aim to reduce the cost of CCUS. The CO2CRC Otway Stage 3 Project will develop subsurface monitoring technologies which can significantly reduce the cost of the surveillance. The CCUS associated with natural gas processing carries the lowest cost compared to other industries because production of concentrated CO2 streams is already part of the gas production process. Transport and storage remain the highest cost components of CCUS for natural gas production. Ranges of storage and transportation costs based on different publicly available data are ~US$2–40/tCO2 and ~US$2–10/tCO2 respectively. Further, the US Department of Energy cost model identifies 40–60% of storage cost as relating to recurring monitoring. This is highly dependent on project specifications, regulatory requirements and geographical considerations. The application of Otway Stage 3 subsurface technologies show preliminary long-term monitoring cost savings estimates for a large Australian project of up to 75% compared to conventional surface seismic-based methodologies. Depending on total injection mass, this would equate to an estimated cost saving of up to AU$12/tonne of CO2 injected for such a project. Reduced monitoring costs could be applied to all CCUS projects but would be of most interest to gas projects because storage is likely to be the biggest contributor to overall CCUS cost.
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Konoreva, Tatiana, Olesia Miliushenko, and Oksana Kovaleva. "Formation and Evaluation of Costs for Geotechnical Monitoring." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401032.
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In this paper, the features of a set of works on geotechnical monitoring as an object of cost accounting are identified. The factors that determine the specifics of various geotechnical monitoring agreements that affect related costs are studied. The modern practice of the formation and accounting of costs for geotechnical monitoring in the exploring and mining organizations is investigated. The expediency of applying the project method of accounting and cost estimation for a complex of geotechnical monitoring works is substantiated. Using of appropriate documentary forms of accounting and cost estimation for the implementation of geotechnical monitoring in organizations engaged in geotechnical monitoring is recommended.
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Zaigham Ali, Ammar Hussain, and Zubair Ahmed. "Breakdown in Monitoring Project Performance to Reduce Transaction Cost in Public Sector Construction Projects: A Case Study from Pakistan." Research Journal of Social Sciences and Economics Review (RJSSER) 2, no. 1 (March 22, 2021): 414–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36902/rjsser-vol2-iss1-2021(414-427).
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The purpose of this research is to break down the monitoring process to explore the problems which impede cost efficiency in contract monitoring in a developing country, such as Pakistan. This research investigated the issues and challenges to the cost-efficient and effective implementation of project monitoring systems in public sector construction projects in Pakistan. This study uses the transaction cost economics (TCE) lens, to explore the project monitoring process of construction projects, 25 interviews with Engineers and Associate engineers were conducted from public sector construction projects. Qualitative research was performed, and thick qualitative data has been coded, categorized, analyzed, and concluded. The study concluded that in principle, project monitoring contributes to reduced transaction costs, depending on how efficiently governance arrangements are made. Hurdles related to weak governance in the organization significantly increase the post-contract transaction cost (TC). As a result of the analysis, multiple issues have been identified from the study such as Political realities, capacity building, resource constraints, administrative issues, mutual dependency, and department coordination has a direct influence on the TCs in construction projects. The result of this study provides a deeper understanding and clear roadmap of the ongoing monitoring practices and processes in the public sector construction projects. It identifies the problems and issues of the monitoring process in the construction industry of developing countries which potentially causes to increase in the total project cost.
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Wanjira, Kellen, and Dr Christine Ngari. "DETERMINANTS OF SUCCESSFUL PROJECT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON PERFORMANCE OF ROADS PROJECTS AT KENYA NATIONAL HIGHWAYS AUTHORITY." Journal of Entrepreneurship and Project Management 3, no. 1 (October 26, 2018): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47941/jepm.251.
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Purpose: The study aims at investigating the determinants of successful project management practices on performance of roads projects at Kenya National Highways Authority. This study was limited to four variables, which include project monitoring, management support, Project team, and Project funding.Methodology: The study employed a descriptive research design. The target population included the top project management team of KeNHA, Monitoring Officers of KeNHA, Project Engineers (PEs), financial officers and auditors, Consultants and Contractors in the entire structure of KeNHA totaling to 174. The study employed stratified random sampling technique to acquire a sample size of 87. The study collected both quantitative and qualitative data through the use of a organized survey of questionnaire. Data was presented in the form of frequency distribution tables, graphs and pie charts that facilitates description and explanation of the study findings. Results: The study findings revealed that project monitoring, management support, Project team competency and Project funding influence performance of roads projects at KeNHA. The results of findings indicates that a unit increase in project monitoring, management support Project team competency and Project funding leads to 0.873, 0.581, 0.713 and 0.289 increase in performance of roads projects at KeNHA respectively. The study concluded that Project Funds greatly influence road Project Completion. Recommendations: The study recommends that management should provide the necessary provision to the practical and operating workers in the development of road project operations for real and practical success of objectives. Highly qualified and experienced management support with a relevant experience and technical skills should be hired to implement road projects. This will enable the Kenya government get value for their money, achieve on-time projects completion and save huge costs.
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Urgiles, Paul, Miguel A. Sebastian, and Juan Claver. "Proposal and Application of a Methodology to Improve the Control and Monitoring of Complex Hydroelectric Power Station Construction Projects." Applied Sciences 10, no. 21 (November 8, 2020): 7913. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10217913.
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All complex projects take place in environments of great uncertainty. Maintaining a monitoring and control system from the early stages of execution is a critical factor in the success of this type of project. Large hydroelectric power station construction projects are regarded as highly complex because they are affected by factors such as the risks inherent in a variety of fields of engineering, geology and the environment, the long execution times, and the large number of multidisciplinary activities to be carried out in parallel, among others. These types of projects are commonly affected by cost overruns and delays. This work develops a methodology for the monitoring and control of complex construction projects in the hydroelectric sector that enables a periodical calculation of metrics for physical progress, financial progress, and predictions for costs and durations on completion of the project. The verification of the efficiency of this methodology was based on stochastic simulation models applied to real projects in the hydropower sector. The results showed that the proposed methodology improved efficiency compared with existing traditional methodologies. The proposed methodology allows the simultaneous consideration of costs, deadlines, criticality, and risks of the activities of the analyzed projects and also incorporates multicriteria decision techniques to manage the influence of key aspects during the development of the project.
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Chesoli, Rose Nakhaye, Janet Mwende Mutiso, and Moses Wamalwa. "Monitoring with social media: Experiences from “integrating” WhatsApp in the M&E system under sweet potato value chain." Open Agriculture 5, no. 1 (August 3, 2020): 395–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opag-2020-0045.
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AbstractDealing with multiple stakeholders in agriculture–nutrition projects often makes communication and the collection of quality, reliable, and low-cost data complex and challenging. Communication bureaucracies among stakeholders often lead to delay, distortion, or loss of information along the communication channel. Social networking platforms can facilitate communication and collection of real-time data useful for project monitoring. This article shares our experience in using the WhatsApp platform for communication and collection of additional monitoring data. A WhatsApp platform for project implementers from the ministries of health (100) and agriculture (52) from Bungoma, Busia, Homa Bay, and Migori counties Kenya was formed in September 2016 for sharing additional monitoring data in the form of photos, videos, and texts. Project monitoring-related costs reduced by 51% and collapsing reporting hierarchies reduced information delays, thereby saving time and communication challenges. A shared understanding among different actors on the project’s indicators, reporting timelines, and data collection guidelines improved the quality of continuous monitoring data. However, staff transfer and replacements called for the continuous induction of new entrants to the forum. WhatsApp is a compelling tool in project monitoring to mitigate communication challenges. It offers an opportunity to share information on one platform among different cadres, facilitating collective action in multisectoral approach projects.
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Abidin, Nazirah Zainul, and Nurul Zahirah Mokhtar Azizi. "Soft cost elements: Exploring management components of project costs in green building projects." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 87 (March 2021): 106545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106545.
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Abidin, Nazirah Zainul, and Nurul Zahirah Mokhtar Azizi. "Soft cost elements: Exploring management components of project costs in green building projects." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 87 (March 2021): 106545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106545.
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Ariza, Juan G., Surrey M. Walton, Mauricio Sanabria, Alfonso Bunch, Jasmin Vesga, and Angela Rivera. "Evaluating a remote patient monitoring program for automated peritoneal dialysis." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 40, no. 4 (January 13, 2020): 377–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0896860819896880.
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Background: The benefits of automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) have been established, but patient adherence to treatment remains a concern. Remote patient monitoring (RPM) programs are a potential solution; however, the cost implications are not well established. This study modeled, from the payer perspective, expected net costs and clinical consequences of a novel RPM program in Colombia. Methods: Amarkov model was used to project costs and clinical outcomes for APD patients with and without RPM. Clinical inputs were directly estimated from Renal Care Services data or taken from the literature. Dialysis costs were estimated from national fees. Inpatient costs were obtained from a recent Colombian study. The model projected overall direct costs and several clinical outcomes. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analyses (DSA and PSA) were also conducted to characterize uncertainty in the results. Results: The model projected that the implementation of an RPM program costing US$35 per month in a cohort of 100 APD patients over 1 year would save US$121,233. The model also projected 31 additional months free of complications, 27 fewer hospitalizations, 518 fewer hospitalization days, and 6 fewer peritonitis episodes. In the DSA, results were most sensitive to hospitalization rates and days of hospitalization, but cost savings were robust. The PSA found there was a 91% chance for the RPM program to be cost saving. Conclusion: The results of the model suggest that RPM is cost-effective in APD patients which should be verified by a rigorous prospective cost analysis.
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Shwiff, S. A., A. Anderson, R. Cullen, P. C. L. White, and S. S. Shwiff. "Assignment of measurable costs and benefits to wildlife conservation projects." Wildlife Research 40, no. 2 (2013): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr12102.
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Success of wildlife conservation projects is determined by a suite of biological and economic factors. Donor and public understanding of the economic factors is becoming increasingly central to the longevity of funding for conservation efforts. Unlike typical economic evaluation, many costs and benefits related to conservation efforts are realised in non-monetary terms. We identify the types of benefits and costs that arise from conservation projects and examine several well developed techniques that economists use to convert benefits and costs into monetary values so they may be compared in a common metric. Costs are typically more readily identifiable than benefits, with financial project costs reported most frequently, and opportunity and damage costs reported much less often. Most current evaluation methods rely primarily on cost-effectiveness analysis rather than cost–benefit analysis, a result of the difficultly in measuring benefits. We highlight improved methodology to measure secondary costs and benefits on a broader spatial scale, thereby promoting project efficacy and long-term success. Estimation of the secondary effects can provide a means to engage a wider audience in discussions of wildlife conservation by illuminating the relevant impacts to income and employment in local economies.
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Przywara, Daniel, and Adam Rak. "Monitoring of Time and Cost Variances of Schedule Using Simple Earned Value Method Indicators." Applied Sciences 11, no. 4 (February 3, 2021): 1357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11041357.
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The Planning and implementation of construction projects are difficult processes and are burdened with many risk elements. The budget spread over time, which is developed on the basis of the schedule, presents the expected distribution of costs throughout the duration of the works, which during the implementation of the project is subject to constant changes resulting from time, cost, and organizational factors. Managing construction contracts requires managers to be able to analyze on an ongoing basis the variances of production costs-from the values calculated in the offer cost estimate and assumed in the Budgeted Cost of Work Scheduled. The article attempts to analyze the emerging time and cost deviations using proprietary time variances from the schedule (T/S) and variances from planned costs (T/C) monitoring, based on simple indicators of the earned value method (EVM). An example of construction of a multi-family housing development was used to study the variances of planned and incurred costs.
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Lampe, L. K. "Post-Project Monitoring of BMPs/SUDS to Determine Performance and Whole-Life Costs." Water Intelligence Online 3 (December 29, 2015): 9781780404189. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780404189.
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Andrews, Howard O. (Andy), and Les K. Lampe. "POST-PROJECT MONITORING OF BMPS/SUDS TO DETERMINE PERFORMANCE AND WHOLE LIFE COSTS." Proceedings of the Water Environment Federation 2005, no. 11 (January 1, 2005): 4886–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.2175/193864705783866405.
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Sunarti, Noorhidayah, Zetty Pakir Mastan, and Lum Seon Cin. "The Application and Challenges of Earned Value Management (EVM) As Cost Monitoring Tool in the Construction Industry." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.36 (May 6, 2018): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.36.29086.
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Earned Value Management (EVM) is one of the fundamental approaches acting as a comprehensive project management and controlling technique for tracking the costs and examining project expenditures relative to the physical progress of work. Majority of the previous literature reviews and findings indicates the positive contributions of EVM in monitoring the project time-cost performance progressively and forecasting its future trends. However, EVM was not widely used as practically, the traditional cost and schedule monitoring tool is still very common in the construction industry. Thus, this research was conducted using quantitative method to the identified quantity surveying, project management and construction firms in Klang Valley area to achieve the objectives of; (1) to identify the implementation level of EVM in construction projects, (2) to recognize the EVM contribution as cost monitoring tool compared to the other mehods, and (3) to ascertain the challenges in using EVM. Based on the result, majority has reaffirmed that EVM is positively contribute to project cost monitoring and provide an overall effective cost management tools in their projects. Despite the major challenges identified in using EVM are due to the lack of EVM knowledge, expertise and experience by the user in the industry, the results also indicating that more construction players have come to realize that integration of cost and time management in EVM is beneficial to the construction industry.
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Cardoso, Pedro, C. Santos, and Francisco Rocha-Gonçalves. "Therapeutic Drug Monitoring by Pharmacists: Does It Reduce Costs?" Global Journal on Quality and Safety in Healthcare 3, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.36401/jqsh-19-40.
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ABSTRACT Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) has as its main objective to ensure that the plasma drug concentration remains within the appropriate range. Regarding the economic dimension of TDM, it is known that there are gains in health outcomes; however, there is still little evidence for the benefit of this procedure performed by pharmacists within the hospital context. With this project, we aimed to create a matrix of cost avoidance associated with TDM performed by pharmacists and to quantify the total avoided costs in 1 year, by implementing a TDM process in a tertiary hospital. For the studied period, we collected 362 pharmaceutical interventions related to TDM of antibiotics performed in adults. As a result, considering these data, the total cost avoidance in 1 year was 371,018 ($416,584.58) at one medical center. We conclude that TDM is highly cost-avoidant and that the implementation costs by pharmaceutical services is clearly lower than the benefit achieved.
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Araszkiewicz, Krystyna, and Magdalena Bochenek. "Control of construction projects using the Earned Value Method - case study." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (June 27, 2019): 186–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0020.
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AbstractPlanning, controlling, monitoring progress are key management functions for effective implementation of construction projects. Commonly used instruments enabling performance of these functions include schedules and budgets, often in the form of a cost estimate. They are created at the initial planning stage to monitor and control cost and time deviations. Moreover, popular monitoring techniques are, for example, observation of milestones and comparative analysis of actual versus planned costs. This article presents a work progress control tool - the Earned Value Method (EVM) - which, despite its benefits, remains relatively unused in construction projects. The impact of the planning phase on the results obtained during the monitoring and control phase when utilizing EVM is discussed. This case study provides practical examples of using EVM in the implementation of construction projects and with the use of computer software. The novelty of the article results from the introduction of additional sensitivity analysis illustrating the impact of factors, such as an increase in costs or a change in delivery dates to the course of deviation curves. Use of sensitivity analysis in relation to the results of the CPI and SPI calculations affords combining control of costs and time with risk monitoring in the project. The findings reveal significant benefits in using EVM to implement construction projects but also highlight some important limitations.
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Yuan, Dinghuan, Yung Yau, Haijun Bao, Yongshen Liu, and Ting Liu. "Anatomizing the Institutional Arrangements of Urban Village Redevelopment: Case Studies in Guangzhou, China." Sustainability 11, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 3376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11123376.
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Given the increasing scarcity of urban land, the Chinese government has been initiating large-scale redevelopment of urban villages that are commonly regarded problematic for their low land use efficiencies and negative externalities. During this process, the emerging neo-urbanism in China demonstrates the heterogeneity of institutional arrangements, with different levels of transaction costs incurred. To explore the transaction costs incurred in different institutional arrangements of urban village redevelopment projects, this study anatomizes three projects in Guangzhou from the perspective of neo-institutional economics. The project duration and level of conflict are taken as two key variables to evaluate the efficiency and equality of the projects. With this research design, this study illustrates that institutional arrangements significantly affect the project outcomes. The conclusion suggests that the local and central governments alter the existing institutions with a view to lowering the transaction costs.
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RAM BABU, P., and NALLATHIGA RAMAKRISHNA. "STAKEHOLDERS, SPATIAL LOCATIONS AND TIME HORIZONS IN AN EXTENDED SOCIAL COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS: A CASE OF PIPALPANKHA WATER RESOURCE PROJECT." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 11, no. 02 (June 2009): 245–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333209003336.
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Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) has been serving as an important tool for decision making with regard to the development projects involving large investments. The Social Cost-Benefit Analysis (SCBA) is an extension of the CBA to certain social impacts, which hitherto were not measured. As the impacts of development projects on ecology and environment assumed importance, measuring the corresponding costs and benefits also began to assume significance. With the advancement in economic valuation techniques over time, measurement could be done and the framework of SCBA has been extended to incorporate the same. Moreover, unlike the CBAs, which do not account for the distributional aspects, the SCBA can potentially account for these. This paper presents a case study of extending the SCBA framework to include social and environmental impacts of a large water resource development project in India. It emphasises the distribution of project benefits and costs over stakeholders, spatial locations and time horizons so as to demonstrate the utility of extended SCBA in project decision making. It is observed that both the numeraire measure i.e. cost-benefit ratio, as well as the distributional analysis present a favourable case for the project.
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Halámek, Petr, Radka Matuszková, and Michal Radimský. "Modernisation of Regional Roads Evaluated Using Ex-Post CBA." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 8, 2021): 1849. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041849.
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The aim of this evaluation is to verify the telling value of the Cost and Benefits Analysis (CBA) of regional roads modernisation based on an ex-post evaluation of the investments and their impacts on the incidence of traffic accidents. A set of 144 projects were the subject of evaluation. The analysis of the actual investment costs confirmed the assumption that the majority of projects were planned with a sufficient provision. When compared with the costs foreseen for the entire set of projects, the total reduction of actual costs spent was over 11%. The investigation of project impacts on traffic accidents was based on an analysis done prior to and after construction by using the Czech Police database. The measurement results show only minimum changes in the incidence of traffic accidents in the scenario prior to and after project completion. This however strongly contradicts the project goals declared, because the projects were anticipating almost zero accidents with a fatality and a 50% reduction of accidents with health consequences. However, a slight increase in road fatalities and in light and serious injuries was measured. These facts have a significant impact on the Net Present Value (NPV) and the weighted profitability index for the entire set of projects dropped from 16.7% to −2.8%. The key recommendation is to eliminate the impact on traffic accidents in the case of project evaluations processed ex-ante for projects focused only on a reconstruction or modernisation of existing roads.
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Niu, Qing Liang, Wei Xiao Tang, Nan Shan, and Xue Ping Zhao. "Stability of Online Monitoring Stress for Shipbuilding Portal Crane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 541-542 (March 2014): 1424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.541-542.1424.
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The biggest problems of online monitoring stress for crane currently are the signal stability problem and the high cost problem. Aiming at these problems, the authors design the stability monitoring project for shipbuilding portal crane. The project adopts the wired monitoring method and the strain signal is amplified preliminarily at the measuring point, the combination of both which overcomes the problems of strain signal attenuation and electromagnetic interferences. The acquisition box is reset punctually to avoid the drift problem. An experiment of online monitoring stress for shipbuilding portal crane used for 5 years is done in a shipyard, and the experiment proves that the effective relative error is less than 6%. Compared with the wireless monitoring way, the project costs lower and isnt subject to electromagnetic interferences. Moreover, compared with the traditional wired monitoring way, the program has more stability signal.
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Konior, Jarosław, and Mariusz Szóstak. "Methodology of Planning the Course of the Cumulative Cost Curve in Construction Projects." Sustainability 12, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12062347.
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Appropriate planning and effective monitoring of the execution of construction projects is important with regard to their successful sustainment of implementation. Time and cost are key elements that determine the success or failure of construction projects. The obtaining of a rational S-curve course before the start of a construction project that reflects reality is important for all the participants involved in implementing an investment task. The article proposes an original methodology for planning the course of the cumulative cost curve in construction projects. It uses a method of shaping the S-curve, which is well-known in both literature and practical approaches. On the basis of the authors’ own research carried out in a homogeneous research group of hotel facilities, the areas of the curve for the correct planning of costs in construction projects were designated, which determine the boundaries of the predicted costs accumulated over time. The data for the development of the authors’ research methodology is the result of the authors’ own experience and professional work. The authors carried out Bank Investment Supervision in the years 2006–2019 on behalf of the banks that grant investment loans for non-public contracts. Knowing the total cost and duration of the planned construction project, which were determined on the basis of project documentation, cost estimates, and also their own database regarding planned and completed deadlines and budgets of similar investments, 6th degree polynomials of the real costs of the construction works were determined. This approach enabled the correct planning of costs over time and the determination of planned monthly amounts of construction works to be executed.
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Cody, M. "GTNP Breeding Bird Monitoring Project: The 1999 Season." UW National Parks Service Research Station Annual Reports 23 (January 1, 1999): 88–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.13001/uwnpsrc.1999.3377.
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Overview: GTNP Breeding Bird Monitoring Project. 1. Following initial independent work by M. L. Cody and 3y funding from NPS, we have instigated a scheme for long-term monitoring of breeding land bird populations in a wide variety of habitats representative of the northern Rockies and the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Census sites are located almost entirely within Grand Teton National Park, where a broad range of representative vegetation types is accessible within close geographic proximity. 2. Some 30 monitoring sites are established within and adjacent to the park in pristine habitat. Sites range from the Jackson Hole lowlands to subalpine and alpine sites, from meadow, sagebrush and marshland, through willow scrub, cottonwood and aspen woodlands, to lodgepole pine and spruce-fir forests. Some sites have a monitoring history of > 30 y; others were established in the mid-1990's. 3. The location and accessibility of the study sites permits all to be regularly and repeatedly censused during the short (6-week) breeding season. Census sites are standardized in area (5-10 ha in size) and mapped in detail (topographic features, vegetation). Census schedules, turung, and methodological protocols will be established and maintained, providing for strictly controlled inter-site and inter-year comparisons in breeding bird populations, species composition, and densities. 4. To evaluate the local versus more regional nature of inter-year variation in bird densities, one widespread habitat (willows) is replicated and censused at locations outside GTNP, in the northern Rockies (Glacier National Park) and central Rockies (Rocky Mountain National Park). 5. The project entails only modest costs (e.g. for transportation), but the projected benefits to science, specifically to resource management, will continue to accumulate as the data base is expanded in future years. As no comparable data base or monitoring scheme exists for the region, the value of the GTNP is apparent, and ensuring its continuance is of critical importance.
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Kim, Sun G., and Gyoo-Bum Kim. "Are Groundwater Monitoring Networks Economical? Cost-Benefit Analysis on the Long-Term Groundwater Supply Project of South Korea." Water 11, no. 4 (April 11, 2019): 753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040753.
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Analyses of the relative economic efficiencies of surface-water and groundwater are important for policy-makers in many water-stressed countries. Groundwater is becoming an increasingly attractive and viable option as a supplementary water source, but its economic background must be understood before implementation. Employing the basic frameworks of the British and US Geological Surveys, we examined the economic viability of groundwater monitoring networks in South Korea, based on an analytic hierarchy process (AHP), pairwise comparison, and cost–benefit analysis. The total cost including installation, maintenance and servicing over the next 50 years is estimated to be US$ 0.79 billion, while the benefits are valued at US$ 2.31 billion. The monitoring network should provide benefits worth 292% of the costs, with the monitoring project thus clearly being economically viable. A sensitivity analysis indicates that the monitoring project is still economical, even if the network installation schedule is delayed slightly. As this study combines both economic and scientific perspectives, it might provide a concrete economic background for implementing groundwater utilization projects elsewhere.
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Asplund, Therese, and Mattias Hjerpe. "Project coordinators’ views on climate adaptation costs and benefits – justice implications." Local Environment 25, no. 2 (January 14, 2020): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13549839.2020.1712340.
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Dorsey-Palmateer, Reid. "Transmission costs and the value of wind generation for the CREZ project." Energy Policy 138 (March 2020): 111248. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111248.
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Feldman, David, Rebecca Jones-Albertus, and Robert Margolis. "Quantifying the impact of R&D on PV project financing costs." Energy Policy 142 (July 2020): 111525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2020.111525.
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Avsar, Ö., D. Akca, and O. Altan. "Photogrammetric Deformation Monitoring of the Second Bosphorus Bridge in Istanbul." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-5 (June 5, 2014): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-5-71-2014.
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Improving the efficiency of bridge inspection and minimizing the impact of dynamic load on the long term deterioration of the bridge structure reduces maintenance and upkeep costs whilst also improving bridge longevity and safety. This paper presents the results of an on-going project whose ultimate goal is the real-time photogrammetric monitoring the structural deformations of the second Bosphorus Bridge of Istanbul.
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Eberhartinger, Eva, and Maximilian Zieser. "The Effects of Cooperative Compliance on Firms’ Tax Risk, Tax Risk Management and Compliance Costs." Schmalenbach Journal of Business Research 73, no. 1 (March 2021): 125–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41471-021-00108-6.
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AbstractIn cooperative compliance programs, firms and tax administrations agree on cooperation instead of confrontation. Firms provide full transparency and advanced tax control frameworks. Tax administrations, in turn, offer certainty as to the tax treatment of complex transactions. In this study, we test how firms’ perceptions of tax risk, the quality of tax risk management, and compliance costs are related to cooperative compliance. To our knowledge, this is the first study that attempts to analyze both reasons for and consequences of participation in cooperative compliance programs. We examine the Austrian cooperative compliance pilot project known as horizontal monitoring that was aimed at large businesses and launched in 2011. We use survey data from representatives of firms participating in the pilot project and a sample of comparable firms under a traditional ex-post audit regime. We conduct group comparisons to test differences between these groups, as well as mediation analyses to shed light on more complex relationships between variables. Results show that horizontal monitoring firms perceive a significantly higher increase in tax certainty, which is associated with significant relative decreases in tax risk and compliance costs. Furthermore, while the quality of tax risk management upon entering the pilot project appears significantly higher for horizontal monitoring firms, they do not report greater improvement in tax risk management compared to the control group. These results are relevant for the development of cooperative compliance programs and the decision to participate in them.
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Drea, Edward Joseph, Shelby Corman, Alex R. Cockerham, Miraj Patel, Louis Hudspeth, and Andrew Kenneth Yu. "Budget impact model (BIM) to evaluate treatment costs associated with variable utilization rates of cabazitaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2017): e18321-e18321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.15_suppl.e18321.
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e18321 Background: Cabazitaxel (CBZ) is a microtubule inhibitor indicated in combination with prednisone for treatment of patients with mCRPC previously treated with a docetaxel (DOC)-containing regimen. Recently published results of the PROSELICA trial may provide the basis for changing utilization rates of CBZ. Methods: A BIM was developed to project the overall costs of varying utilization rates of post-DOC treatment modalities for the management of mCRPC. Treatment costs of two dosage schema for CBZ were compared to abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, and radium-223. Prevalence of mCRPC was estimated using US Census and population modeling data. Medication costs were derived from published benchmarks; dosing/monitoring information from prescribing information; and duration of therapy from published trials. Rates and costs of Grade 3 / 4 adverse events (AEs) per published trials were also incorporated. Results: In a hypothetical 1 million member US health plan, 100 pts are estimated to receive 2nd line (2L) treatment for mCRPC. Reported utilization rates for 2L agents calculate to a PMPM of $0.623. Following publication of the PROSELICA study, modeling a potential increase in CBZ 20 mg/m2 utilization from 0% to 7% and modeling a 12% to 16% utilization rate change for CBZ 25 mg/m2, costs are projected to decrease by -$0.022 PMPM or $265,033 over a one year period. Although AE costs of management calculate higher for the CBZ doses, lower monitoring and drug acquisition costs contribute to account for these findings (Table 1). Conclusions: Increasing utilization rates of CBZ in 2L mCRPC can result in a slight cost decrease due to variation in CBZ dosing and AE rates, and lower monitoring and acquisition costs. [Table: see text]
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Luo, Wenkai, Malindu Sandanayake, Guomin Zhang, and Yongtao Tan. "Construction Cost and Carbon Emission Assessment of a Highway Construction—A Case towards Sustainable Transportation." Sustainability 13, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 7854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13147854.
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Due to its dynamic nature in construction, benchmarking environmental emissions of road construction projects can be a daunting task. Often stakeholders will have to prioritize the economic and environmental indicators based on the project objectives. The study presents a methodological framework to compare economic and environmental impacts to benchmark sustainable transport construction projects. Through findings, the study aims to inform focus areas and key stages of infrastructure projects to benchmark sustainable performance. Process-based emission and cost estimation models are presented with an AHP based weighting factor that enables prioritization of emissions and costs based on project scopes and objectives. Using a case study, results are represented to validate the framework and methodology. Concrete and steel are identified as the main materials that contribute to total carbon emissions, while soil and gravel are responsible for the highest costs. Electricity consumption is discovered as the major fuel type contributing to carbon emissions. Concrete and dump trucks are discovered as the top two sources of emissions and costs, respectively. Scenario analyses revealed that the choice of equipment significantly affects the project’s emissions and costs. The application of sustainable materials can significantly reduce emissions and cost. The use of the case study approach results in a lack of generalizability. However, the same methodology and process can be adopted for the sustainable benchmarking of different projects. Researchers are encouraged to investigate processes to automate sustainable benchmarking of transport infrastructure construction projects. The study is one of the first attempts to compare cost and environmental impacts using a systematic methodology of transportation infrastructure construction projects.
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Mohamad, Habib Musa, Mohamad Ibrahim Mohamad, Ismail Saad, Nurmin Bolong, J. Mustazama, and Siti Nooraiin Mohd Razali. "A Case Study of S-Curve Analysis: Causes, Effects, Tracing and Monitoring Project Extension of Time." Civil Engineering Journal 7, no. 4 (April 1, 2021): 649–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2021-03091679.
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S-Curve analysis in the construction interpreted as managing project with knowledge and traceable in the context of sustainable construction while displays the cumulative costs, labour hours or other quantities plotted against time. In the contract administration, delays in completing a construction project led to the breach of contract but, in contracts itself allow the construction period to be extended where there are delays that are not the contractor's fault. Under those circumstances, a presentation of a case-study regarding the analysis of S-Curve of a life project drew comparative interpretation of project performance towards project delivery schedule has been conducted in private initiative project. This study aims to investigate and examine the factors that cause delays in construction projects from the perspective of S-curve representations. The paper aims to provide in depth light about the existing causes of project delay and describe the key sources of financing problem and identify the consequences of contraventions of contract. Two distinct parts divided which are refers to the methods used to assess the perceptions of clients, consultants, and contractors on the relative importance of causes of delay in a project and referred to the procurement and documentation to analyse the delay. As a result, an Extension of Time (EOT) granted and identically changed the progress towards extension time where better planning demanded for improvement and restoration progress kept on track. This paper presented a practical and comparative S-Curve within extension of time to ensure delivery of project on schedule. In the long run, the identified causes are combined into 16 factors. Finally, the result of this match was brought in order to critically understand and provide a guideline to contractor in preparing EOT application and choose reliable factor based on the specific circumstances of project delay factors thorough review conducted to reveal the nature of EOT application techniques. Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091679 Full Text: PDF
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Goodland, Robert J. A., Anastacio Juras, and Rajendra Pachauri. "Can Hydro-reservoirs in Tropical Moist Forests be Environmentally Sustainable?" Environmental Conservation 20, no. 2 (1993): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900037619.
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Today's polarization of society ‘for’ or ‘against’ big hydro-projects relates to environmental costs, which are borne particularly by vulnerable ethnic minorities and the poor; such costs include species extinctions and tropical deforestation. This counter-productive polarization can be reconciled by transparency and mutuality of planning, by pluralism involving the local populace and especially all affected people, and by engendering national consensus on the best project that is available and practicable.
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Jin, Wei Wei, Cun Yu, Xing Chao Yang, Zhan Xia Geng, Hao Ran Zhang, Feng Long Li, and Jing Wei Yan. "The Design and Implementation of Condition Monitoring and Decision Support System in HVDC Converter Station." Applied Mechanics and Materials 734 (February 2015): 707–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.734.707.
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The shortcomings of current on-line condition monitoring system include: the research was concentrated in AC substation; the function was single and completely independent; the protocols were not compatible and the interface was not unified. To improve these disadvantages and better satisfy the needs of the condition monitoring in converter station, the design and implementation of condition monitoring and decision support system in HVDC converter station was realized. By studying of condition monitoring method, decision support technology and engineering application of HVDC project, the system design principle was discussed, the software structure was shown and the function realization was given in detail. The implementation realized real time monitoring for running equipments, provided reliable gist for maintenance and reduced the costs of resources. The implementation is applied to HVDC project witch has a great significance in improving the operation efficiency and promoting the smart grid construction.
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Desai, Vijaya S. "Risk Analysis Using Simulation Software Applied on a Road Infrastructure Project." International Journal of Risk and Contingency Management 4, no. 1 (January 2015): 53–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijrcm.2015010104.
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Risk management in infrastructure projects has been a very important process to achieve the project objectives, namely: time, cost, quality, safety and environmental sustainability. Huge investments are made in infrastructure construction projects like roads, railways, ports, airports, electricity, telecommunication, oil gas pipelines and irrigation. This growing Increase in investment in infrastructure investment projects demands requires close monitoring of costs to ensure a net return. The evaluation of returns on investment at the conceptual stage plays a vital role in this phase. Software tools help in bringing out near accurate analysis of returns on investments and to support project viability under multiple circumstances. The paper presents an analysis of how software was applied to evaluate and mitigate risk during the case of a six lane road infrastructure project. The unit of analysis was the impact of cost of construction cost, interest rates for loans, methods of depreciation, revenue sharing on various financial indices: IRR, MIRR, DSCR and payback period. The interpretation was that software tools can be used to perform risk analysis, sensitivity analysis and scenario analysis. The case study makes a contribution to the body of knowledge by developing guidelines for using software tools in risk management.
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Hao, Wang Shen, Xin Min Dong, Jie Han, and Ling Jun Li. "Study on Remote Condition Monitoring Platform in Wind Energy Conversion Systems Based on AJAX Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 66-68 (July 2011): 1362–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.66-68.1362.
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There is a constant need for the reduction of operational and maintenance costs of Wind Energy Conversion System (WECS). The most efficient way of reducing these costs would be to continuously monitor the condition of these systems, which allows for early detection of the degeneration of the generator health, facilitating a proactive response, minimizing downtime, and maximizing productivity. Wind generators are also inaccessible since they are situated on extremely high towers, which are usually 70m more in height. There are also plans to increase the number of offshore sites increasing the need for a remote means of WECS monitoring that overcomes some of the difficulties of accessibility problems. Therefore it is important of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in WECS. A monitoring scheme of transfer its monitor status with AJAX technology was put forwords in this paper. A remote condition monitoring platform (RCMP) was designed and constructed in this project. And its result brings us an effective solution to deal with the WECS condition monitoring.
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Hao, Wang Shen, Feng Qin Li, Jie Han, Xin Min Dong, and Hong Chen. "Study on Fault Diagnosis Platform in Wind Energy Conversion Systems Based on JESS." Advanced Materials Research 230-232 (May 2011): 925–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.230-232.925.
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There is a constant need for the reduction of operational and maintenance costs of Wind Energy Conversion System(WECS). The most efficient way of reducing these costs would be to continuously monitor the condition of these systems, which allows for early detection of the degeneration of the generator health, facilitating a proactive response, minimizing downtime, and maximizing productivity. Wind generators are also inaccessible since they are situated on extremely high towers.There are also plans to increase the number of offshore sites increasing the need for a remote means of WECS monitoring that overcomes some of the difficulties of accessibility problems. Therefore it is important of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis in WECS. The monitoring schemes of transfer its monitor status with JESS technology was put forward in this paper. A remote condition monitoring platform (RCMP) was designed and constructed in this project. And its result brings us an effective solution to deal with the WECS condition monitoring.
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Plebankiewicz, Edyta. "Model of Predicting Cost Overrun in Construction Projects." Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 23, 2018): 4387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124387.
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During the construction phase, significant differences between the planned and actual costs of construction projects frequently occur. The paper describes the concept of a model of prediction of the increase in the costs of construction works in relation to those planned. The assumption of the model is to determine the probability of the cost increase for the elements of the object for which it is the largest. A fuzzy Mamdani inference method was proposed for the selection of the elements to be evaluated. In the cost prediction model, fuzzy relations and the compound max-min relations were used. The result of the model are the probabilities of cost overrun for works most exposed to changes in costs. The model can be helpful mainly for the contractor who wants to know not only the probability of the total cost overrun but also the possibility and amount of increase in the costs of individual packages of works or detailed construction works necessary to complete a construction project. Such an approach may help to properly plan expenses related to the implementation and schedule of works along with the cash flow for the project.
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Strigaro, D., M. Cannata, M. Cardoso, M. Antonovic, and M. Hoffmann. "EXTENDING THE SCALABILITY OF ISTSOS WITHIN THE 4ONSE PROJECT." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W2 (July 5, 2017): 155–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w2-155-2017.
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An Environmental Monitoring System (EMS) is needed not only to prevent many natural risks such as droughts, flooding and landslides but also to provide information for a better management of water resources and crops irrigation and finally it helps to increase the reliability of weather and climatological models. In addition, a monitoring system can directly impact the economic, social and political spheres. Unfortunately, in most developing and low income countries, due to the high costs of hardware and software there is a lack of efficient monitoring systems. The aim of the 4onse project (analysis of Four times Open Non-conventional system for Sensing the Environment), funded by the Swiss National Science Foundation, is the development of a totally open solution to monitor the environment. As well as the hardware layer, a monitoring system needs a data management software usually hosted on a server structure. As a software platform which is SOS OGC compliant, istSOS is chosen to receive, manage, validate and distribute environmental data. In the following article a solution to support big data is presented to extend the istSOS capabilities. In fact, a sensors network can hardly stress a data management system because of the several concurrent users and sensors and the long time series which every weather station can easily produce. Thus, a software called istSOS-proxy is developed as a single access point over multiple instances of istSOS whose procedures are distributed to balance the total load. First results on the effectiveness of the solution are proved thanks to load testing simulations of different levels of concurrent users.
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Kuszla, Catherine, Caroline Gans Combe, and Sylvie Faucheux. "The societal costs of research misconduct: some method considerations from the DEFORM Project." International Journal of Sustainable Development 23, no. 3/4 (2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2020.10037656.
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Combe, Caroline Gans, Sylvie Faucheux, and Catherine Kuszla. "The societal costs of research misconduct: some method considerations from the DEFORM Project." International Journal of Sustainable Development 23, no. 3/4 (2020): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsd.2020.115210.
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Muiruri, Beatrice Wambui, and Shadrack K. Bett. "Project Management Practices and Performance of Organizations within the Water Sector in Kenya." International Journal of Business Management, Entrepreneurship and Innovation 2, no. 3 (October 10, 2020): 74–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/jbmed.v2i3.136.
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This project is on project management practices and performance of water projects of Othaya-Mukurweini Water Services Company Limited. The need to implement successful water projects calls for optimum practices. As a developing country, Kenya is faced with project management challenges. Whilst projects in general have their challenges regarding implementation and consequently success, water projects in particular are plagued by a unique set of problems and challenges. This knowledge will provide important information that can be integrated to project cycle before or towards completion by government, private and non-governmental organizations. Lessons drawn from this study will be utilized by the communities, implementing water projects to address the project performance challenges and plan the better ways of implementing the water projects. The objectives of this study included how planning, stakeholder involvement, monitoring & evaluation affect the performance of Othaya-Mukurweini Water and Sanitation Company Limited. Key theories put into perspective in this study were systems theory, stakeholder theory, agency theory and balance score card theory. The study adopted the descriptive research design to allow the researcher to study phenomena without manipulation of variables. The target population was the clientele and staff of OMWASCO. The findings of this study were generalized to all other water companies in Kenya. The target population was 351 comprising of customers and staff of OMWASCO.This study employed systematic sampling on the beneficiaries of the two projects, whereby 30% of customers and project staff on each project area were interviewed. Primary data was collected using questionnaires. In the course of primary data collection unwilling respondents were encountered especially with revealing information classified as confidential. They were however reassured of utmost confidentiality and relevant authorization documents attached to the questionnaires. Secondary data was obtained from relevant publications and literature review from libraries. Data was tabulated and analyzed for purpose of clarity, using SPSS software. The study concluded that project planning, stakeholders’ involvement and monitoring & evaluation have a positive and significant effect on the performance of water projects of Othaya-Mukurweini Water Services Company Ltd. The study recommends that the organizations within the water sector in Kenya should implement their project planning by first defining the steps involved in project planning so that they can determine what and processes where cost reduction can be done, what can be done to reduce costs. The study recommends that for organizations within the water sector in Kenya to achieve their objectives, they should align the annual goals to their major change initiatives or quality programs and integrate them into the stakeholder involvement. The study further recommends that organizations within the water sector in Kenya should identify monitoring & evaluation ways that can help enhance performance of organizations within the water sector in Kenya.
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Jellestad, Pernille Linde, Louise Ninett Carlsen, Maria Lurenda Westergaard, Signe Bruun Munksgaard, Lars Bendtsen, Miguel Lainez, Ricardo Fadic, et al. "Economic benefits of treating medication-overuse headache – results from the multicenter COMOESTAS project." Cephalalgia 39, no. 2 (July 8, 2018): 274–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0333102418786265.
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Background Medication-overuse headache is a costly disease for individuals and society. Objective To estimate the impact of medication-overuse headache treatment on direct and indirect headache-related health care costs. Methods This prospective longitudinal study was part of the COMOESTAS project (COntinuous MOnitoring of Medication Overuse Headache in Europe and Latin America: development and STAndardization of an Alert and decision support System). Patients with medication-overuse headache were included from four European and two Latin American headache centers. Costs of acute medication, costs of health care services, and measurements of productivity were calculated at baseline and at 6-month follow-up Treatment consisted of overused drug withdrawal with optional preventive medication. Results A total of 475 patients (71%) completed treatment and were followed up for 6 months. Direct health care costs were on average reduced significantly by 52% ( p < 0.001) for the total study population. Significant reductions were seen in both number of consumed tablets (−71%, p < 0.001) and number of visits to physicians (−43%, p < 0.001). Fifty percent of patients reduced their number of consumed tablets ≥ 80%. Headache-related productivity loss, calculated either as absence from work or ≥ 50% reduction of productivity during the workday, were reduced by 21% and 34%, respectively ( p < 0.001). Conclusion Standardized treatment of medication-overuse headache in six countries significantly reduced direct health care costs and increased productivity. This emphasizes the importance of increasing awareness of the value of treating medication-overuse headache. Trial registration The trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (no. NCT02435056)
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Al Hares, Enas Fathi Taher, and Cenk Budayan. "Estimation at Completion Simulation Using the Potential of Soft Computing Models: Case Study of Construction Engineering Projects." Symmetry 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2019): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11020190.
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“Estimation at completion” (EAC) is a manager's projection of a project's total cost at its completion. It is an important tool for monitoring a project's performance and risk. Executives usually make high-level decisions on a project, but they may have gaps in the technical knowledge which may cause errors in their decisions. In this current study, the authors implemented new coupled intelligence models, namely global harmony search (GHS) and brute force (BF) integrated with extreme learning machine (ELM) for modeling the project construction estimation at completion. GHS and BF were used to abstract the substantial influential attributes toward the EAC dependent variable, whereas the effectiveness of ELM as a novel predictive model for the investigated application was demonstrated. As a benchmark model, a classical artificial neural network (ANN) was developed to validate the new ELM model in terms of the prediction accuracy. The predictive models were applied using historical information related to construction projects gathered from the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The study investigated the application of the proposed coupled model in determining the EAC and calculated the tendency of a change in the forecast model monitor. The main goal of the investigated model was to produce a reliable trend of EAC estimates which can aid project managers in improving the effectiveness of project costs control. The results demonstrated a noticeable implementation of the GHS-ELM and BF-ELM over the classical and hybridized ANN models.
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Tserng, Hui-Ping, I.-Cheng Cho, Chun-Hung Chen, and Yu-Fan Liu. "Developing a Risk Management Process for Infrastructure Projects Using IDEF0." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 21, 2021): 6958. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126958.
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The Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) project is a massive, large-scale construction venture with a complex interface. In order to reduce the risk of disasters and industrial accidents in the project and to save costs, a simple and flexible risk management system is necessary for projects such as MRT. A set of risk management processes was identified through a literature review and data collection, and the Integration Definition for Function Modeling (IDEF0) process was used for logical analysis. The IDEF0 diagram clearly depicts the items to be delivered at each interface, and risk is reduced by facilitating the flow of data on various risk items. The results of this research will be applied to other practical projects, with special emphasis on the project planning and design stages. Future work will verify whether the implementation of the proposed risk management process does indeed effectively reduce risks in the completed project.
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Шевченко, О. М., and М. М. Шовкалюк. "РОЗРОБКА ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНИХ ПРОЄКТІВ ПІДВИЩЕННЯ ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ СТУДМІСТЕЧКА КПІ ТА ІНТЕГРАЦІЯ У ОСВІТНІЙ ПРОЦЕС." Bulletin of the Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design. Technical Science Series 148, no. 4 (March 10, 2021): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30857/1813-6796.2020.4.7.
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Development and analysis of the main indicators of the investment project of the thermo-modernization of the student campus KPI and energy consumption management for the development of monitoring and integration in the educational process. Method. The technical and economic analysis with use of engineering methods of calculation, experimental measurements with use of the laboratory equipment is executed. General scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, specific methods (grouping, comparison, generalization), statistical data processing, modeling in specialized software products are used. Results. Reduction of total consumption of energy resources, as well as monetary costs for their payment; creation of conditions and tool base for research works; improving the quality of educational services, involving students in energy audits; software development and creation of an automated energy consumption monitoring system. Scientific novelty. A comprehensive approach to the development of investment projects to improve the energy efficiency of campuses, taking into account technical, economic and environmental indicators with in-depth engineering analysis of the characteristics of buildings and their engineering systems. New approaches to the development of an autmated workplace of an energy manager with structural elements of the software of the energy monitoring system are proposed. Practical significance. An investment project of complex thermal modernization of student campus buildings and modernization of engineering networks of individual buildings with a choice of equipment and development of placement schemes has been developed. The main technical, economic and environmental indicators of the project are determined. An important educational direction is to involve students in the process of developing investment projects using modern technologies on the example of campus facilities, which will create an environment for comfortable learning conditions and research. The implementation of the investment project will allow to create a modern energy-efficient site with the use of innovative solutions on the basis of the existing old building stock.
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BEGG, KATHERINE, GARY HAQ, MICHAEL CHADWICK, and TIIT KALLASTE. "IMPLEMENTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR JOINT IMPLEMENTATION AND THE CLEAN DEVELOPMENT MECHANISM." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 03, no. 01 (March 2001): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333201000571.
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The 1992 Climate Change Convention aims to stabilise greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Joint Implementation (JI) and the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) are instruments which allow countries with high marginal costs of abatement to participate in emission reduction projects in countries with lower marginal abatement costs with the incentive of gaining carbon credits for the reduction of GHGs. The environmental benefits sought by the Convention relate mainly to he mitigation of climate change. However, consideration should also be given to other potential environmental, economic and social effects of JI/CDM projects on the local population and host country. This paper discusses the need for integrating environmental and social considerations into the JI/CDM process. It undertakes a preliminary retrospective environmental assessment of AIJ energy projects in the Czech Republic and Estonia. It also proposes support for capacity building and data collection systems in host countries, application of a simple participative scoping exercise for all projects followed by further work as necessary, upgrading of the Uniform Reporting Format for projects, and incorporation into project approval criteria.