Relevant bibliographies by topics / Monkeys Allometry

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Academic literature on the topic 'Monkeys Allometry'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Monkeys Allometry"

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Rodríguez, Rafael L., Jennifer Danzy Cramer, Christopher A. Schmitt, Tegan J. Gaetano, J. Paul Grobler, Nelson B. Freimer, and Trudy R. Turner. "The static allometry of sexual and nonsexual traits in vervet monkeys." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 114, no. 3 (December 30, 2014): 527–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bij.12440.

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Strasser, Elizabeth. "Hindlimb proportions, allometry, and biomechanics in old world monkeys (primates, cercopithecidae)." American Journal of Physical Anthropology 87, no. 2 (February 1992): 187–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.1330870207.

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Turnquist, Jean E., and Matthew J. Kessler. "Free-ranging Cayo Santiago rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta): I. Body size, proportion, and allometry." American Journal of Primatology 19, no. 1 (1989): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajp.1350190102.

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Ito, Tsuyoshi, Takeshi Nishimura, and Masanaru Takai. "Allometry and Interspecific Differences in the Facial Cranium of Two Closely Related Macaque Species." Anatomy Research International 2011 (May 25, 2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/849751.

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Interpreting evolutionary history of macaque monkeys from fossil evidence is difficult, because their evolutionary fluctuations in body size might have removed or formed important morphological features differently in each lineage. We employed geometric morphometrics to explore allometric trajectories of craniofacial shape in two closely related species, Macaca fascicularis and M. fuscata. These two species exhibit a single shared allometric trajectory in superoinferior deflection of the anterior face, indicating that the differences in this feature can be explained by size variation. In contrast, two parallel trajectories are demonstrated in craniofacial protrusion, indicating that even if they are comparable in size, M. fuscata has a higher and shorter face than M. fascicularis. The degree of facial protrusion is most likely a critical feature for phyletic evaluation in the fascicularis group. Such analyses in various macaques would help to resolve controversies regarding phyletic interpretations of fossil macaques.
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Aviles, P., A. Pateman, R. San Roman, M. J. Guillén, F. Gómez De Las Heras, and D. Gargallo-Viola. "Animal Pharmacokinetics and Interspecies Scaling of Sordarin Derivatives following Intravenous Administration." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 45, no. 10 (October 1, 2001): 2787–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.45.10.2787-2792.2001.

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ABSTRACT Sordarin derivatives constitute a new group of synthetic antifungal agents that selectively inhibit fungal protein synthesis. They have demonstrated in vitro activity against the most important fungal pathogens, both yeast and filamentous. This new family of compounds has also shown in vivo activity against murineCandida albicans, Histoplasma capsulatum, andCoccidioides immitis experimental infections, as well as against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in rats. After intravenous dosing in animals, both the area under the concentration-time curve and the elimination half-life were highest in Cynomolgus monkeys, followed by those in rats, mice, and rabbits. The volume of distribution at steady state for sordarin derivatives was similar in all species tested. The clearance in rats and mice was higher than for other species. GM 237354, a sordarin derivative, was characterized by high serum protein binding in mouse, rat, and monkey serum (unbound fraction, ≤5%). An indirect evaluation of the effect of liver function upon the metabolism of this class of compounds has been made in animals with impaired liver function such as Gunn rats, as well as in allometric studies that showed better correlations of half-life to liver blood flow than to animal body weight. Linearity of the main pharmacokinetic parameters was demonstrated after intravenous dosing of the representative compound GM 193663 at 10 and 20 mg/kg of body weight in rats. Allometry was used to determine whether human pharmacokinetic parameters can be predicted from animal data by regression analysis against body weight and liver blood flow. All these results have demonstrated that the human pharmacokinetics of sordarin derivatives can be forecast from animal data.
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Monson, Tesla A., Jeffrey L. Coleman, and Leslea J. Hlusko. "Craniodental Allometry, Prenatal Growth Rates, and the Evolutionary Loss of the Third Molars in New World Monkeys." Anatomical Record 302, no. 8 (November 25, 2018): 1419–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.23979.

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Ledevin, Ronan, and Daisuke Koyabu. "Patterns and Constraints of Craniofacial Variation in Colobine Monkeys: Disentangling the Effects of Phylogeny, Allometry and Diet." Evolutionary Biology 46, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 14–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11692-019-09469-7.

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Young, Jesse W., David Fernández, and John G. Fleagle. "Ontogeny of long bone geometry in capuchin monkeys ( Cebus albifrons and Cebus apella ): implications for locomotor development and life history." Biology Letters 6, no. 2 (October 28, 2009): 197–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2009.0773.

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Studies of a diverse array of animals have found that young individuals often have robust bones for their body size (i.e. augmented cross-sectional dimensions), limiting fracture risk despite general musculoskeletal immaturity. However, previous research has focused primarily on precocial taxa (e.g. rodents, lagomorphs, bovids, goats and emu). In this study, we examined the ontogenetic scaling of humeral and femoral cross-sectional robusticity in a mixed-longitudinal sample of two slow-growing, behaviourally altricial capuchin monkeys. Results showed that, when regressed against biomechanically appropriate size variables (i.e. the product of body mass and bone length), humeral and femoral bending strengths generally scale with negative allometry, matching the scaling patterns observed in previous studies of more precocial mammals. Additionally, bone strength relative to predicted loads (e.g. ‘safety factors’) peaks at birth and rapidly decreases during postnatal growth, falling to less than 5 per cent of peak values by weaning age. We suggest that increased safety factors during early ontogeny may be an adaptation to mitigate injury from falling during initial locomotor efforts. Overall, the results presented here suggest that ontogenetic declines in relative long bone strength may represent a common pattern among mammals that is perhaps preadaptive for different purposes among different lineages.
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Jones, J., D. Lee, I. Smukste, D. Cui, M. G. Bursavich, D. Troast, C. Zhong, et al. "P037 Nonclinical pharmacokinetics and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion properties of MORF-057 support its clinical development as an oral selective α4β7 integrin inhibitor." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 15, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021): S149—S150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab076.166.

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Abstract Background MORF-057 is a potent and selective small molecule inhibitor of the α 4β 7 integrin. Using a receptor occupancy (RO) assay under physiologically relevant conditions, MORF-057 achieves 90% α 4β 7 RO at approximately 10 nM in human whole blood. The current studies evaluate nonclinical pharmacokinetics (PK) and properties of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) to enable dose/exposure projection to humans. Methods PK studies were conducted in mouse, rat, dog, and monkey following intravenous (IV) and oral administration. ADME studies were conducted in vitro and in rats using carbon-14 [14C] labeled MORF-057. MORF-057 levels were quantified using liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Human PK was predicted based on body weight allometry, well-stirred and semi-physiological models. Results MORF-057 exhibited low to moderate clearance (CL) in animals with species dependent volume of distribution (Vdss) resulting in half-lives of 1.1 to 2.7 hours (Table 1). Following an oral dose, absorption was high with bioavailability ranging from 15% to 49%. MORF-057 is highly protein bound and distribution of [14C]MORF-057 derived radioactivity in rat was predominantly in the small intestine wall, liver, and stomach wall. Rifampin, an inhibitor of organic anion transporting polypeptides, decreased MORF-057 clearance by 3-fold in monkeys suggesting MORF-057 elimination involves hepatic uptake transport. MORF-057 is further cleared via CYP3A metabolism followed by biliary/fecal elimination of metabolites. MORF-057 is predicted to have moderate bioavailability (40%) and CL (6.5 mL/min/kg) in humans. Wajima transformation shows good agreement of the normalized PK across animal species, with a predicted human concentration-time profile supporting >90% α 4β 7 RO at trough following 200 mg twice daily dose (Figure 1). Conclusion These data demonstrate that MORF-057 is well absorbed and PK properties in animals support the potential for achieving high α4β7 RO following oral administration in humans. These nonclinical results provided a basis for the progression of MORF-057 into a first-in-human Phase 1 clinical study assessing safety, pharmacokinetics, and receptor occupancy (results being reported separately).
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Zou, Peng, Nan Zheng, Yanke Yu, Shanghai Yu, Wei Sun, Donna McEachem, Yongsheng Yang, Lawrence X. Yu, Shaomeg Wang, and Duxin Sun. "Preclinical Pharmacokinetics of MI-219, a Novel Human Double Minute 2 (HDM2) Inhibitor and Prediction of Human Pharmacokinetics." Journal of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences 15, no. 2 (April 11, 2012): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.18433/j34s4n.

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Purpose. The two purposes of this study were evaluating preclinical pharmacokinetics of MI-219 and predicting clearance (CL) and volume of distribution at steady-state (Vdss) of MI-219 in humans. Methods. Pharmacokinetic studies were conducted on mice, rats, dogs, and monkeys. Human CL of MI-219 was predicted using allometric scaling (SA), multi-exponential allometric scaling (ME), rule of exponents (RoE), single species scaling, two-term power equation (TTPE), physiologically based in vitro-in vivo extrapolation (IVIVE), and fu corrected intercept method (FCIM). In vitro assays were conducted to determine in vitro intrinsic CL, protein binding, and blood-plasma partition coefficients. To estimate half-life of MI-219, plasma concentration–time profile in humans was predicted using kallynochron and apolysichron time transformation (Dedrick plots) and normalization with MRT and Vdss (Wajima’s method). In addition, simultaneous interspecies scaling of CL, Vdss and concentration–time profile were performed by using Nonlinear Mixed Effects Modeling (NONMEM). Results. Preclinical studies showed that the elimination of MI-219 was mainly through metabolism. The validation using observed monkey CL and Vdss showed that MA, IVIVE and Oie-Tozer methods were accurately than the other methods. Human CL of MI-219 predicted by ME and IVIVE was between 0.237-0.342 L*h-1*kg-1. Human Vdss predicted by Oie-Tozer method and allometric scaling of unbound volume of distribution of tissues (VT/fuT) method was between 0.93-1.40 L*kg-1. Superimposition of rat, monkey and dog data was observed in Dedrick plots and Wajima’s transformations. Conclusions. The predicted human pharmacokinetics is useful for the design of first-in-human study. This article is open to POST-PUBLICATION REVIEW. Registered readers (see “For Readers”) may comment by clicking on ABSTRACT on the issue’s contents page.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Monkeys Allometry"

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Grunstra, Nicole Dieneke Sybille. "What's in a tooth? : signals of ecogeography and phylogeny in the dentition of macaques (Cercopithecidae: Macaca)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271520.

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The aim of the present work was to investigate the impact of the varying environmental conditions on the taxonomic and phenotypic diversification of a geographically widespread and ecologically successful Old World primate genus, the macaques (Cercopithecidae: Macaca). To this end, the relationship between geography, ecology, phylogeny, and phenotypic variation among macaques was investigated. Constraints to phenotypic variation – and thus evolution – were also analysed in the form of observed amounts of phenotypic variation and patterns of phenotypic integration. A total of 72 standard linear measurements of teeth and associated cranial and mandibular structures were taken for a total sample of 744 specimens from 13 species of macaques. Climate and ecological data were collated from the literature. Univariate and multivariate statistics were employed for the analysis. Patterns of variation, covariation, and allometry were analysed in the dentition, both within and between species. The ecogeographical analysis was carried out by means of two-block partial least squares and a type of multivariate regression, both in a phylogenetic framework. Phylogenetic signal was tested for by means of Blomberg’s K. Macaque teeth differ in their variability. All teeth covary with each other, although correlations are strongest within tooth classes. Size was a strong contributing factor to dental integration, as evinced by lower correlations between teeth once allometric effects were removed. Integration patterns also showed modularity between the anterior and the posterior dentition. Between-species variation in overall craniodental size was associated with temperature, latitude, and body size. Species also varied, albeit to a lesser degree, along an antero-posterior contrast in relative tooth size. Larger anterior were found to be associated with frugivory and tropical ecology, whereas a larger posterior dentition was linked to a more folivorous diet and temperate environments. The latter pattern was largely a function of phylogenetic relatedness. Phylogenetic signal was generally strong in the dentition, although it was substantially greater in the anterior teeth (incisors and canines) than in the posterior teeth (premolars and molars). Macaques show adaptive differentiation in body size in response to temperature along a latitudinal cline, corroborating the presence of the Bergmann effect in macaques. There was no conclusive support for further adaptive differentiation, despite an association between relative tooth size and diet. Allometry appears to channel evolutionary divergence of macaques along a line of least evolutionary resistance, and developmental modularity allows for partly uncoupled evolution of the anterior and posterior dentition. Future research should be aimed at broadening the taxonomic scope to include craniodental variation of the African papionins and cercopithecins in order to put the observed macaque patterns in a broader evolutionary context.
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Book chapters on the topic "Monkeys Allometry"

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Cochard, Larry R. "Ontogenetic Allometry of the Skull and Dentition of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatto)." In Size and Scaling in Primate Biology, 231–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-3647-9_11.

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Rodríguez, Rafael L., Tegan J. Gaetano, J. Paul Grobler, and Nelson B. Freimer. "Causes of Variation in the Static Allometry of Morphological Structures: A Case Study with Vervet Monkeys." In Savanna Monkeys, 224–32. Cambridge University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/9781139019941.018.

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