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Journal articles on the topic 'Monkeys motor cortex'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Allison, T., C. C. Wood, G. McCarthy, and D. D. Spencer. "Cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. II. Effects of excision of somatosensory or motor cortex in humans and monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 1 (1991): 64–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.1.64.

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1. To clarify the generators of human short-latency somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) thought to arise in sensorimotor cortex, we studied the effects on SEPs of surgical excision of somatosensory or motor cortex in humans and monkeys. 2. Normal median nerve SEPs (P20-N30, N20-P30, and P25-N35) were recorded from the cortical surface of a patient (G13) undergoing a cortical excision for relief of focal seizures. All SEPs were abolished both acutely and chronically after excision of the hand area of somatosensory cortex. Similarly, excision of the hand area of somatosensory cortex abolished

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2

Lawrence, Donald G. "Central Neural Mechanisms of Prehension." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 72, no. 5 (1994): 580–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y94-082.

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The digital dexterity seen in man and macaque monkeys but not present in other primates, such as the squirrel monkey, occurs without anatomical specialization of the hand. The central nervous system apparatus essential to such dexterity resides in the motor cortex and its outflow to lower centres. Areas other than the motor cortex are involved in the initiation and execution of complex sequential movements, including those of the fingers and hand. These include the supplementary motor and premotor areas of the cerebral cortex and the lateral parts of the cortex and the deep nuclei of the cereb

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3

Murray, G. M., L. D. Lin, E. M. Moustafa, and B. J. Sessle. "Effects of reversible inactivation by cooling of the primate face motor cortex on the performance of a trained tongue-protrusion task and a trained biting task." Journal of Neurophysiology 65, no. 3 (1991): 511–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.65.3.511.

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1. Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) and surface stimulation studies of primate face motor cortex have shown an extensive representation within face motor cortex devoted to movements of the tongue and face; only a very small representation for jaw-closing movements has ever been demonstrated. These data suggest that face motor cortex plays a critical role in the generation of tongue and facial movements but is less important in the generation of jaw-closing movements. Our aim was to determine whether disruption of primate face motor cortical function would indeed interfere with the generat

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Qi, Hui-Xin, Iwona Stepniewska, and Jon H. Kaas. "Reorganization of Primary Motor Cortex in Adult Macaque Monkeys With Long-Standing Amputations." Journal of Neurophysiology 84, no. 4 (2000): 2133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2000.84.4.2133.

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The organization of primary motor cortex (M1) of adult macaque monkeys was examined years after therapeutic amputation of part of a limb or digits. For each case, a large number of sites in M1 were electrically stimulated with a penetrating microelectrode, and the evoked movements and levels of current needed to evoke the movements were recorded. Results from four monkeys with the loss of a forelimb near or above the elbow show that extensive regions of cortex formerly devoted to the missing hand evoked movements of the stump and the adjoining shoulder. Threshold current levels for stump movem

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Widener, Gail L., and Paul D. Cheney. "Effects on Muscle Activity From Microstimuli Applied to Somatosensory and Motor Cortex During Voluntary Movement in the Monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 77, no. 5 (1997): 2446–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.77.5.2446.

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Widener, Gail L. and Paul D. Cheney. Effects on muscle activity from microstimuli applied to somatosensory and motor cortex during voluntary movement in the monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 2446–2465, 1997. It is well known that electrical stimulation of primary somatosensory cortex (SI) evokes movements that resemble those evoked from primary motor cortex. These findings have led to the concept that SI may possess motor capabilities paralleling those of motor cortex and speculation that SI could function as a robust relay mediating motor responses from central and peripheral inputs. The purpose o

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Moore, T., H. R. Rodman, A. B. Repp, C. G. Gross, and R. S. Mezrich. "Greater residual vision in monkeys after striate cortex damage in infancy." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 6 (1996): 3928–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.6.3928.

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1. Monkeys with large unilateral surgical ablations of striate cortex, sustained either in adulthood or at 5–6 wk of age, were trained on an oculomotor detection and localization task and tested with visual stimuli in the hemifields ipsilateral and contralateral to the lesion 2–5 yr after surgery. 2. Monkeys with lesions sustained in adulthood were largely unable to detect stimuli in the hemifield contralateral to the lesion, with only one monkey showing recovery toward the end of testing. Monkeys with lesions of striate cortex made in infancy, however, each showed residual detection capacity

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Simon, Stéphane R., Martine Meunier, Loÿs Piettre, Anna M. Berardi, Christoph M. Segebarth, and Driss Boussaoud. "Spatial Attention and Memory Versus Motor Preparation: Premotor Cortex Involvement as Revealed by fMRI." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 4 (2002): 2047–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2002.88.4.2047.

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Recent studies in both monkeys and humans indicate that the dorsal premotor cortex participates in spatial attention and working memory, in addition to its well known role in movement planning and execution. One important question is whether these functions overlap or are segregated within this frontal area. Single-cell recordings in monkeys suggest a relative specialization of the rostral portion of dorsal premotor cortex for attention and/or memory and of the caudal region for motor preparation. To test whether this possibility also holds true in humans, we used functional magnetic resonance

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Bracewell, R. M., P. Mazzoni, S. Barash, and R. A. Andersen. "Motor intention activity in the macaque's lateral intraparietal area. II. Changes of motor plan." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 3 (1996): 1457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.3.1457.

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1. In the companion paper we reported that the predominant signal of the population of neurons in the lateral intraparietal area (area LIP) of the monkey's posterior parietal cortex (PPC) encode the next intended saccadic eye movement during the delay period of a memory-saccade task. This result predicts that, should be monkey change his intention of what the next saccade will be, LIP activity should change accordingly to reflect the new plan. We tested this prediction by training monkeys to change their saccadic plan on command and recording the activity of LIP neurons across plan changes. 2.

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Kurata, Kiyoshi, and Eiji Hoshi. "Reacquisition Deficits in Prism Adaptation After Muscimol Microinjection Into the Ventral Premotor Cortex of Monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 4 (1999): 1927–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.4.1927.

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Reacquisition deficits in prism adaptation after muscimol microinjection into the ventral premotor cortex of monkeys. A small amount of muscimol (1 μl; concentration, 5 μg/μl) was injected into the ventral and dorsal premotor cortex areas (PMv and PMd, respectively) of monkeys, which then were required to perform a visually guided reaching task. For the task, the monkeys were required to reach for a target soon after it was presented on a screen. While performing the task, the monkeys’ eyes were covered with left 10°, right 10°, or no wedge prisms, for a block of 50–100 trials. Without the pri

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Pavlides, C., E. Miyashita, and H. Asanuma. "Projection from the sensory to the motor cortex is important in learning motor skills in the monkey." Journal of Neurophysiology 70, no. 2 (1993): 733–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1993.70.2.733.

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1. The projection from the somatosensory cortex to the primary motor cortex has been proposed to play an important role in learning novel motor skills. This hypothesis was examined by studying the effects of lesions to the sensory cortex on learning of new motor skills. 2. We used two experimental paradigms to reveal the effects of lesions on learning of new motor skills. One task was to catch a food pellet falling at various velocities. The other task was to catch a food pellet from a rotating level. Both tasks required acquisition of novel motor skills. 3. The training was started after a le

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Cléry, Justine, Céline Amiez, Olivier Guipponi, Claire Wardak, Emmanuel Procyk, and Suliann Ben Hamed. "Reward activations and face fields in monkey cingulate motor areas." Journal of Neurophysiology 119, no. 3 (2018): 1037–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00749.2017.

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Several premotor areas have been identified within primate cingulate cortex; however their function is yet to be uncovered. Recent brain imaging work in humans revealed a topographic anatomofunctional overlap between feedback processing during exploratory behaviors and the corresponding body fields in the rostral cingulate motor area (RCZa), suggesting an embodied representation of feedback. In particular, a face field in RCZa processes juice feedback. Here we tested an extension of the embodied principle in which unexpected or relevant information obtained through the eye or the face would be

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Elsworth, John D., Csaba Leranth, D. Eugene Redmond, and Robert H. Roth. "Loss of asymmetric spine synapses in prefrontal cortex of motor-asymptomatic, dopamine-depleted, cognitively impaired MPTP-treated monkeys." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 16, no. 4 (2013): 905–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1461145712000892.

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Abstract Parkinson's disease is usually characterized as a movement disorder; however, cognitive abilities that are dependent on the prefrontal cortex decline at an early stage of the disease in most patients. The changes that underlie cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease are not well understood. We hypothesize that reduced dopamine signalling in the prefrontal cortex in Parkinson's disease is a harbinger of detrimental synaptic changes in pyramidal neurons in the prefrontal cortex, whose function is necessary for normal cognition. Our previous data showed that monkeys exposed to the neur

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Roesch, Matthew R., and Carl R. Olson. "Impact of Expected Reward on Neuronal Activity in Prefrontal Cortex, Frontal and Supplementary Eye Fields and Premotor Cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 90, no. 3 (2003): 1766–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00019.2003.

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In several regions of the macaque brain, neurons fire during delayed response tasks at a rate determined by the value of the reward expected at the end of the trial. The activity of these neurons might be related either to the internal representation of the appetitive value of the expected reward or to motivation-dependent variations in the monkey's level of motor preparation or motor output. According to the first interpretation, reward-related activity should be most prominent in areas affiliated with the limbic system. According to the second interpretation, it should be most prominent in a

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Kurata, Kiyoshi, and Eiji Hoshi. "Movement-Related Neuronal Activity Reflecting the Transformation of Coordinates in the Ventral Premotor Cortex of Monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 6 (2002): 3118–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00070.2002.

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We examined how the transformation of coordinates from visual to motor space is reflected by neuronal activity in the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) of monkeys. Three monkeys were trained to reach with their right hand for a target that appeared on a screen. While performing the task, the monkeys wore prisms that shifted the image of the target 10°, left or right, or wore no prisms, for a block of 200 trials. The nine targets were located in the same positions in visual space regardless of whether the prisms were present. Wearing the prisms required the monkeys to initiate a movement in a direc

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NAKAO, Kazuko, Ryuichi MATSUZAKI, Yusaku AMAYA, Shin-ichi KYUHOU, and Hisae GEMBA. "Motor Functions of the Posterior Parietal Cortex in Monkeys." Journal of Kansai Medical University 58, no. 2-4 (2006): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5361/jkmu1956.58.2-4_153.

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Dum, Richard P., David J. Levinthal, and Peter L. Strick. "The mind–body problem: Circuits that link the cerebral cortex to the adrenal medulla." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 52 (2019): 26321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1902297116.

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Which regions of the cerebral cortex are the origin of descending commands that influence internal organs? We used transneuronal transport of rabies virus in monkeys and rats to identify regions of cerebral cortex that have multisynaptic connections with a major sympathetic effector, the adrenal medulla. In rats, we also examined multisynaptic connections with the kidney. In monkeys, the cortical influence over the adrenal medulla originates from 3 distinct networks that are involved in movement, cognition, and affect. Each of these networks has a human equivalent. The largest influence origin

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Murata, Yumi, Noriyuki Higo, Takao Oishi, et al. "Effects of Motor Training on the Recovery of Manual Dexterity After Primary Motor Cortex Lesion in Macaque Monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 99, no. 2 (2008): 773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01001.2007.

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To investigate the effects of postlesion training on motor recovery, we compared the motor recovery of macaque monkeys that had received intensive motor training with those that received no training after a lesion of the primary motor cortex (M1). An ibotenic acid lesion in the M1 digit area resulted in impairment of hand function, with complete loss of digit movement. In the monkeys that had undergone intensive daily training (1 h/day, 5 days/wk) after the lesion, behavioral indexes used to evaluate manual dexterity recovered to the same level as in the prelesion period after 1 or 2 mo of pos

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Fraser, George W., and Andrew B. Schwartz. "Recording from the same neurons chronically in motor cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 107, no. 7 (2012): 1970–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01012.2010.

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Two rhesus monkeys were implanted with silicon arrays of 96 microelectrodes. Neural activity was recorded periodically over a period of weeks to months. We have developed a method to determine whether single units in two separate recording sessions represent the same neuron. Pairwise cross-correlograms, the autocorrelogram, waveform shape, and mean firing rate were used together as identifying features of a neuron. When two units recorded on separate days were compared using these features, their similarity scores tended to be either high, indicating two recordings from the same neuron, or low

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Kurata, Kiyoshi. "Laterality of Movement-Related Activity Reflects Transformation of Coordinates in Ventral Premotor Cortex and Primary Motor Cortex of Monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 4 (2007): 2008–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00149.2007.

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The ventral premotor cortex (PMv) and the primary motor cortex (MI) of monkeys participate in various sensorimotor integrations, such as the transformation of coordinates from visual to motor space, because the areas contain movement-related neuronal activity reflecting either visual or motor space. In addition to relationship to visual and motor space, laterality of the activity could indicate stages in the visuomotor transformation. Thus we examined laterality and relationship to visual and motor space of movement-related neuronal activity in the PMv and MI of monkeys performing a fast-reach

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Messinger, Adam, Rossella Cirillo, Steven P. Wise, and Aldo Genovesio. "Separable neuronal contributions to covertly attended locations and movement goals in macaque frontal cortex." Science Advances 7, no. 14 (2021): eabe0716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abe0716.

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We investigated the spatial representation of covert attention and movement planning in monkeys performing a task that used symbolic cues to decouple the locus of covert attention from the motor target. In the three frontal areas studied, most spatially tuned neurons reflected either where attention was allocated or the planned saccade. Neurons modulated by both covert attention and the motor plan were in the minority. Such dual-purpose neurons were especially rare in premotor and prefrontal cortex but were more common just rostral to the arcuate sulcus. The existence of neurons that indicate

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Milliken, Garrett W., Erik J. Plautz, and Randolph J. Nudo. "Distal forelimb representations in primary motor cortex are redistributed after forelimb restriction: a longitudinal study in adult squirrel monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 109, no. 5 (2013): 1268–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00044.2012.

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Primary motor cortex (M1) movement representations reflect acquired motor skills. Representations of muscles and joints used in a skilled task expand. However, it is unknown whether motor restriction in healthy individuals results in complementary reductions in M1 representations. With the use of intracortical microstimulation techniques in squirrel monkeys, detailed maps of movement representations in M1 were derived before and up to 35 wk after restriction of the preferred distal forelimb (DFL) by use of a soft cast. Although total DFL area and movement threshold remained constant, casting r

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Matsuzaka, Y., and J. Tanji. "Changing directions of forthcoming arm movements: neuronal activity in the presupplementary and supplementary motor area of monkey cerebral cortex." Journal of Neurophysiology 76, no. 4 (1996): 2327–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2327.

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1. To understand roles played by two cortical motor areas, the presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA) and supplementary motor area (SMA), in changing planned movements voluntarily, cellular activity was examined in two monkeys (Macaca fuscata) trained to perform an arm-reaching task in which they were asked to press one of two target buttons (right or left) in three different task modes. 2. In the first mode (visual), monkeys were visually instructed to result and press either a right or left key in response to a forth coming trigger signal. In the second mode (stay), monkeys were required to w

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Hu, Dingyin, Shirong Wang, Bo Li, Honghao Liu, and Jiping He. "Spinal Cord Injury-Induced Changes in Encoding and Decoding of Bipedal Walking by Motor Cortical Ensembles." Brain Sciences 11, no. 9 (2021): 1193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11091193.

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Recent studies have shown that motor recovery following spinal cord injury (SCI) is task-specific. However, most consequential conclusions about locomotor functional recovery from SCI have been derived from quadrupedal locomotion paradigms. In this study, two monkeys were trained to perform a bipedal walking task, mimicking human walking, before and after T8 spinal cord hemisection. Importantly, there is no pharmacological therapy with nerve growth factor for monkeys after SCI; thus, in this study, the changes that occurred in the brain were spontaneous. The impairment of locomotion on the ips

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Friel, Kathleen M., Scott Barbay, Shawn B. Frost, et al. "Dissociation of Sensorimotor Deficits After Rostral Versus Caudal Lesions in the Primary Motor Cortex Hand Representation." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 2 (2005): 1312–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01251.2004.

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Primary motor cortex (M1) has traditionally been considered a motor structure. Although neurophysiologic studies have demonstrated that M1 is also influenced by somatosensory inputs (cutaneous and proprioceptive), the behavioral significance of these inputs has yet to be fully defined in primates. The present study describes differential sensory-related deficits after small ischemic lesions in either the rostral or caudal subregion of the M1 hand area in a nonhuman primate. Squirrel monkeys retrieved food pellets out of different sized wells drilled into a Plexiglas board. Before the lesion, m

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Archakov, Denis, Iain DeWitt, Paweł Kuśmierek, et al. "Auditory representation of learned sound sequences in motor regions of the macaque brain." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 26 (2020): 15242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1915610117.

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Human speech production requires the ability to couple motor actions with their auditory consequences. Nonhuman primates might not have speech because they lack this ability. To address this question, we trained macaques to perform an auditory–motor task producing sound sequences via hand presses on a newly designed device (“monkey piano”). Catch trials were interspersed to ascertain the monkeys were listening to the sounds they produced. Functional MRI was then used to map brain activity while the animals listened attentively to the sound sequences they had learned to produce and to two contr

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Courtemanche, Richard, Jean-Pierre Pellerin, and Yves Lamarre. "Local Field Potential Oscillations in Primate Cerebellar Cortex: Modulation During Active and Passive Expectancy." Journal of Neurophysiology 88, no. 2 (2002): 771–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2002.88.2.771.

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Cerebellar local field potential (LFP) oscillations were recorded in the paramedian lobule of one hemisphere, while monkeys were in two behavioral conditions: actively performing an elbow flexion-extension or a lever-press task in response to an auditory or visual stimulus to get reward (active condition), or waiting quietly for the reward to come in the same time window after the appearance of the stimulus (passive condition). The oscillations in the paramedian lobule were first characterized in four monkeys, and they showed an idiosyncratic frequency for each monkey, between 13 and 25 Hz. Th

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Dudkin, K. N., I. V. Chueva, F. N. Makarov, and I. V. Orlov. "Visual Discrimination Learning in Monkeys with Bilateral Parietal Cortex Lesions." Perception 26, no. 1_suppl (1997): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v970110.

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The characteristics of visual discrimination learning were tested on rhesus monkeys during elaboration of an instrumental reflex after bilateral extirpation of the parietal cortex area 7. The animals were trained to discriminate stimuli with different visual attributes (shape, colour, orientation, size, spatial relationships). Their decisions and motor reaction times were recorded. Bilateral extirpation of area 7 did not influence learning characteristics for shape and colour discrimination. The duration of the learning process and the motor reaction time were shortest with these visual attrib

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Nashef, Abdulraheem, Rea Mitelman, Ran Harel, Mati Joshua, and Yifat Prut. "Area-specific thalamocortical synchronization underlies the transition from motor planning to execution." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 6 (2021): e2012658118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2012658118.

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We studied correlated firing between motor thalamic and cortical cells in monkeys performing a delayed-response reaching task. Simultaneous recording of thalamocortical activity revealed that around movement onset, thalamic cells were positively correlated with cell activity in the primary motor cortex but negatively correlated with the activity of the premotor cortex. The differences in the correlation contrasted with the average neural responses, which were similar in all three areas. Neuronal correlations reveal functional cooperation and opposition between the motor thalamus and distinct m

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Villalba, Rosa M., Joseph A. Behnke, Jean-Francois Pare, and Yoland Smith. "Comparative Ultrastructural Analysis of Thalamocortical Innervation of the Primary Motor Cortex and Supplementary Motor Area in Control and MPTP-Treated Parkinsonian Monkeys." Cerebral Cortex 31, no. 7 (2021): 3408–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhab020.

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Abstract The synaptic organization of thalamic inputs to motor cortices remains poorly understood in primates. Thus, we compared the regional and synaptic connections of vGluT2-positive thalamocortical glutamatergic terminals in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and the primary motor cortex (M1) between control and MPTP-treated parkinsonian monkeys. In controls, vGluT2-containing fibers and terminal-like profiles invaded layer II–III and Vb of M1 and SMA. A significant reduction of vGluT2 labeling was found in layer Vb, but not in layer II–III, of parkinsonian animals, suggesting a potential

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Kadmon Harpaz, Naama, David Ungarish, Nicholas G. Hatsopoulos, and Tamar Flash. "Movement Decomposition in the Primary Motor Cortex." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 4 (2018): 1619–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy060.

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Abstract A complex action can be described as the composition of a set of elementary movements. While both kinematic and dynamic elements have been proposed to compose complex actions, the structure of movement decomposition and its neural representation remain unknown. Here, we examined movement decomposition by modeling the temporal dynamics of neural populations in the primary motor cortex of macaque monkeys performing forelimb reaching movements. Using a hidden Markov model, we found that global transitions in the neural population activity are associated with a consistent segmentation of

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Mohn, Jennifer L., Joshua D. Downer, Kevin N. O’Connor, Jeffrey S. Johnson, and Mitchell L. Sutter. "Choice-related activity and neural encoding in primary auditory cortex and lateral belt during feature-selective attention." Journal of Neurophysiology 125, no. 5 (2021): 1920–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00406.2020.

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We recorded from primary and secondary auditory cortex while monkeys performed a nonspatial feature attention task. Both areas exhibited rate-based choice-related activity. The manifestation of choice-related activity was attention dependent, suggesting that choice-related activity in auditory cortex does not simply reflect arousal or motor influences but relates to the specific perceptual choice.

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Mountcastle, Vernon B., Pradeep P. Atluri, and Ranulfo Romo. "Selective Output-discriminative Signals in the Motor Cortex of Waking Monkeys." Cerebral Cortex 2, no. 4 (1992): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/2.4.277.

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Stepniewska, Iwona, Todd M. Preuss, and Jon H. Kaas. "Thalamic connections of the primary motor cortex (M1) of owl monkeys." Journal of Comparative Neurology 349, no. 4 (1994): 558–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cne.903490405.

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McCarthy, G., C. C. Wood, and T. Allison. "Cortical somatosensory evoked potentials. I. Recordings in the monkey Macaca fascicularis." Journal of Neurophysiology 66, no. 1 (1991): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1991.66.1.53.

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1. The anatomic generators of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) to median nerve stimulation in the 10- to 30-ms latency range were investigated in monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) by means of cortical-surface and laminar recordings. 2. Three groups of SEPs evoked by stimulation of the contralateral median nerve were recorded from the hand representation area of sensorimotor cortex: P10-N20, recorded anterior to the central sulcus (CS); N10-P20, recorded posterior to the CS; and P12-N25, recorded near the CS. These potentials were similar in morphology and surface distribution whether the ani

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Port, Nicholas L., Wolfgang Kruse, Daeyeol Lee, and Apostolos P. Georgopoulos. "Motor Cortical Activity during Interception of Moving Targets." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 13, no. 3 (2001): 306–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/08989290151137368.

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The single-unit activity of 831 cells was recorded in the arm area of the motor cortex of tow monkeys while the monkeys intercepted a moving visual stimulus (interception task) or remained immobile during presentation of the same moving stimulus (no-go task). The moving target traveled on an oblique path from either lower corner of a screen toward the vertical meridian, and its movement time (0.5,1.0, or 1.5 sec) and velocity profile (accelerating, decelerating, or constant velocity) were pseudorandomly varied. The moving target had to be intercepted within 130 msec of target arrival at an int

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Baizer, Joan S., Ines Kralj-Hans, and Mitchell Glickstein. "Cerebellar Lesions and Prism Adaptation in Macaque Monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 81, no. 4 (1999): 1960–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1999.81.4.1960.

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Cerebellar lesions and prism adaptation in Macaque monkeys. If a laterally displacing prism is placed in front of one eye of a person or monkey with the other eye occluded, they initially will point to one side of a target that is located directly in front of them. Normally, people and monkeys adapt easily to the displaced vision and correct their aim after a few trials. If the prism then is removed, there is a postadaptation shift in which the subject misses the target and points in the opposite direction for a few trials. We tested five Macaque monkeys for their ability to adapt to a lateral

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Ludvig, Nandor, Hai M. Tang, Shirn L. Baptiste, et al. "Long-term behavioral, electrophysiological, and neurochemical monitoring of the safety of an experimental antiepileptic implant, the muscimol-delivering Subdural Pharmacotherapy Device in monkeys." Journal of Neurosurgery 117, no. 1 (2012): 162–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.4.jns111488.

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Object The authors evaluated the extent to which the Subdural Pharmacotherapy Device (SPD), chronically implanted over the frontal cortex to perform periodic, localized muscimol-delivery/CSF removal cycles, affects overall behavior, motor performance, electroencephalography (EEG) activity, and blood and CSF neurochemistry in macaque monkeys. Methods Two monkeys were used to adjust methodology and 4 monkeys were subjected to comprehensive testing. Prior to surgery, the animals' behavior in a large test chamber was monitored, and the motor skills required to remove food pellets from food ports l

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Tankus, Ariel, and Itzhak Fried. "Visuomotor Coordination and Motor Representation by Human Temporal Lobe Neurons." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 24, no. 3 (2012): 600–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00160.

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The division of cortical visual processing into distinct dorsal and ventral streams is a key concept in primate neuroscience [Goodale, M. A., & Milner, A. D. Separate visual pathways for perception and action. Trends in Neurosciences, 15, 20–25, 1992; Steele, G., Weller, R., & Cusick, C. Cortical connections of the caudal subdivision of the dorsolateral area (V4) in monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology, 306, 495–520, 1991]. The ventral stream is usually characterized as a “What” pathway, whereas the dorsal stream is implied in mediating spatial perception (“Where”) and visually gu

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Umeda, Tatsuya, Tadashi Isa, and Yukio Nishimura. "The somatosensory cortex receives information about motor output." Science Advances 5, no. 7 (2019): eaaw5388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aaw5388.

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During voluntary movement, the somatosensory system not only passively receives signals from the external world but also actively processes them via interactions with the motor system. However, it is still unclear how and what information the somatosensory system receives during movement. Using simultaneous recordings of activities of the primary somatosensory cortex (S1), the motor cortex (MCx), and an ensemble of afferent neurons in behaving monkeys combined with a decoding algorithm, we reveal the temporal profiles of signal integration in S1. While S1 activity before movement initiation is

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Ishida, Hiroaki, Katsumi Nakajima, Masahiko Inase, and Akira Murata. "Shared Mapping of Own and Others' Bodies in Visuotactile Bimodal Area of Monkey Parietal Cortex." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 1 (2010): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21185.

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Parietal cortex contributes to body representations by integrating visual and somatosensory inputs. Because mirror neurons in ventral premotor and parietal cortices represent visual images of others' actions on the intrinsic motor representation of the self, this matching system may play important roles in recognizing actions performed by others. However, where and how the brain represents others' bodies and correlates self and other body representations remain unclear. We expected that a population of visuotactile neurons in simian parietal cortex would represent not only own but others' body

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Berdyyeva, Tamara K., and Carl R. Olson. "Rank Signals in Four Areas of Macaque Frontal Cortex During Selection of Actions and Objects in Serial Order." Journal of Neurophysiology 104, no. 1 (2010): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00639.2009.

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Neurons in several areas of monkey frontal cortex exhibit ordinal position (rank) selectivity during the performance of serial order tasks. It has been unclear whether rank selectivity or the dependence of rank selectivity on task context varies across the areas of frontal cortex. To resolve this issue, we recorded from neurons in the supplementary motor area (SMA), presupplementary motor area (pre-SMA), supplementary eye field (SEF), and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) as monkeys performed two oculomotor tasks, one requiring the selection of three actions in sequence and the other requ

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Murphy, John T., Hon C. Kwan, and Yiu C. Wong. "Cross Correlation Studies in Primate Motor Cortex: Event Related Correlation." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 12, no. 1 (1985): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100046539.

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ABSTRACT:Simultaneous extracellular unit recordings were made from each cell of 237 pairs in two awake monkeys, during a voluntary reaching movement of the forelimb. The cells were located in contralateral precentral cortex and functionally coupled to single forelimb joints, as indicated by intracortical microstimulation and passive sensory stimulation. Cross correlation analysis showed that 72 of these pairs exhibited significant event-related correlation over periods of up to 780 ms, comparable to and coincident with the forelimb movement. Spatial analysis showed that such correlation extend

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Merten, Katharina, and Andreas Nieder. "Comparison of abstract decision encoding in the monkey prefrontal cortex, the presupplementary, and cingulate motor areas." Journal of Neurophysiology 110, no. 1 (2013): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00686.2012.

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Deciding between alternatives is a critical element of flexible behavior. Perceptual decisions have been studied extensively in an action-based framework. Recently, we have shown that abstract perceptual decisions are encoded in prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons ( Merten and Nieder 2012 ). However, the role of other frontal cortex areas remained elusive. Here, we trained monkeys to perform a rule-based visual detection task that disentangled abstract perceptual decisions from motor preparation. We recorded the single-neuron activity in the presupplementary (preSMA) and the rostral part of the ci

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Rao, Naveen G., and John P. Donoghue. "Cue to action processing in motor cortex populations." Journal of Neurophysiology 111, no. 2 (2014): 441–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00274.2013.

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The primary motor cortex (MI) commands motor output after kinematics are planned from goals, thought to occur in a larger premotor network. However, there is a growing body of evidence that MI is involved in processes beyond action generation, and neuronal subpopulations may perform computations related to cue-to-action processing. From multielectrode array recordings in awake behaving Macaca mulatta monkeys, our results suggest that early MI ensemble activity during goal-directed reaches is driven by target information when cues are closely linked in time to action. Single-neuron activity spa

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Naselaris, Thomas, Hugo Merchant, Bagrat Amirikian, and Apostolos P. Georgopoulos. "Large-Scale Organization of Preferred Directions in the Motor Cortex. I. Motor Cortical Hyperacuity for Forward Reaching." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 6 (2006): 3231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00487.2006.

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We used statistical methods for spherical density estimation to evaluate the distribution of preferred directions of motor cortical cells recorded from monkeys making reaching movements in 3D space. We found that this distribution, although broad enough to represent the entire 3D continuum of reaching directions, exhibited an enrichment for reaching forward from the body and, to a lesser degree, for reaching backward toward the body. The distribution of preferred directions of cells in the motor cortex may have important implications for motor cortical function and for the decoding of arm traj

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Chao, Zenas C., Masahiro Sawada, Tadashi Isa, and Yukio Nishimura. "Dynamic Reorganization of Motor Networks During Recovery from Partial Spinal Cord Injury in Monkeys." Cerebral Cortex 29, no. 7 (2018): 3059–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy172.

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Abstract After spinal cord injury (SCI), the motor-related cortical areas can be a potential substrate for functional recovery in addition to the spinal cord. However, a dynamic description of how motor cortical circuits reorganize after SCI is lacking. Here, we captured the comprehensive dynamics of motor networks across SCI in a nonhuman primate model. Using electrocorticography over the sensorimotor areas in monkeys, we collected broadband neuronal signals during a reaching-and-grasping task at different stages of recovery of dexterous finger movements after a partial SCI at the cervical le

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Murray, G. M., and B. J. Sessle. "Functional properties of single neurons in the face primary motor cortex of the primate. II. Relations with trained orofacial motor behavior." Journal of Neurophysiology 67, no. 3 (1992): 759–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1992.67.3.759.

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1. The previous paper has described in detail the input and output features of single neurons located at sites within primate face motor cortex from which intracortical microstimulation (ICMS, less than or equal to 20 microA) evoked tongue movements at the lowest threshold ("tongue-MI" sites); for comparative purposes, we also reported on the input and output features of a smaller number of neurons recorded at sites from which ICMS could evoke jaw movements ("jaw-MI" sites), facial movements ("face-MI" sites), or, at a few sites, tongue movements and, at the same threshold intensity, either a

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Andersen, Richard A., and David Zipser. "The role of the posterior parietal cortex in coordinate transformations for visual–motor integration." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 66, no. 4 (1988): 488–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y88-078.

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Lesion to the posterior parietal cortex in monkeys and humans produces spatial deficits in movement and perception. In recording experiments from area 7a, a cortical subdivision in the posterior parietal cortex in monkeys, we have found neurons whose responses are a function of both the retinal location of visual stimuli and the position of the eyes in the orbits. By combining these signals area 7a neurons code the location of visual stimuli with respect to the head. However, these cells respond over only limited ranges of eye positions (eye-position-dependent coding). To code location in cran

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Graziano, Michael S. A., Tyson N. S. Aflalo, and Dylan F. Cooke. "Arm Movements Evoked by Electrical Stimulation in the Motor Cortex of Monkeys." Journal of Neurophysiology 94, no. 6 (2005): 4209–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01303.2004.

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Electrical stimulation of the motor cortex in monkeys can evoke complex, multijoint movements including movements of the arm and hand. In this study, we examined these movements in detail and tested whether they showed adaptability to differing circumstances such as to a weight added to the hand. Electrical microstimulation was applied to motor cortex using pulse trains of 500-ms duration (matching the approximate duration of a reach). Arm movement was measured using a high-resolution three-dimensional tracking system. Movement latencies averaged 80.2 ms. Speed profiles were typically smooth a

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Umilta, M. A., T. Brochier, R. L. Spinks, and R. N. Lemon. "Simultaneous Recording of Macaque Premotor and Primary Motor Cortex Neuronal Populations Reveals Different Functional Contributions to Visuomotor Grasp." Journal of Neurophysiology 98, no. 1 (2007): 488–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01094.2006.

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To understand the relative contributions of primary motor cortex (M1) and area F5 of the ventral premotor cortex (PMv) to visually guided grasp, we made simultaneous multiple electrode recordings from the hand representations of these two areas in two adult macaque monkeys. The monkeys were trained to fixate, reach out and grasp one of six objects presented in a pseudorandom order. In M1 326 task-related neurons, 104 of which were identified as pyramidal tract neurons, and 138 F5 neurons were analyzed as separate populations. All three populations showed activity that distinguished the six obj

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