Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Monnaie européenne'
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Mathieu, Alban. "Monnaie, pouvoir et Etats : le régime politique de la monnaie européenne." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2150.
Full textThis dissertation intends to analyze the political regime of the European money. This concept refers to the expressions of power pertaining to money according to three modalities, namely (i) the construction of issue, circulation and distribution rules, (ii) the implementation of economic and fiscal policies and (iii) the crisis. The Canadian monetary unification (1841-1867) will serve as a case to show key characteristics in the European monetary unification and provide relevance to the proposed concept. Intergovernmental negotiations from 1989 to 1992 correspond to a period of time which highlights power relationships between the French and German executive. These relationships determined a set of parameters: exchange rate regime (external and internal), the regulation of capital and labour, product and services mobility (external and internal), the existence of a centralized State, indebtedness arrangements for States, central bank organization, and fiscal transfers which stabilized in a socio-political compromise. That resulted in a fiscal policy framework that, by its interaction with the previous parameters, require the State to establish specific economic policies. Competitive disinflation and procyclical policies interrogate the reproduction of economic order, which consists of capital accumulation to pay back debts issued in the previous period. This non-sustainability of the political regime of the European money provokes a crisis, which will be resolved according the institutional context built by the socio-political compromise. Due to the lack of a European State, modifying these compromise characteristics is almost impossible thus, jeopardizing this regime
Tamburini-Kender, Séverine. "La notion de monnaie européenne : aspects juridiques et institutionnels." Aix-Marseille 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997AIX3A002.
Full textThe birth of a full-fledged european currency is an unprecedented event in monetary history. The ecu (the basket) has never endorsed all the caracteristics of a real money, although french authorities recognized it as a foreign currency with a special statute. The study of the legal and institutional mechanisms of its use, public and private, helps to perceive the process set up by european authorities. The euro will be a full-fledged currency as early as january, 1st, 1999. A european "lex monetae" will be implemented (a council regulation). The notion of monetary sovereignty has to be redefined, as the state will have to transfert its monetary power. A common monetary strategy will be fomulated by the european central bank. The euro will exist only in paperless form until the end of the transition period, which will end at the latest on june, 31st, 2002 (at that time, national currency will have completely desappear). An "equivalence" will first be established between the national currency and the euro. The two monetary units will be fungible. Use of the euro will reflect the "no compulsion, no prohibition" principle. Markets will swich to the euro in 1999. The continuity of contracts with references to ecu or to national currency is enacted. Many legal and practical questions appears, related to the nature of the euro during the transition period, related to all branches of private law (company law, financial law,. . . ), and in all cases in wich french law prescribes the use of the franc. All economic operators are affected, without leaving out the european citizen
Maury, Maxime. "Monnaie unique européenne et circulation fiduciaire : scénarios et propositions." Paris 10, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA100063.
Full textWhat are the best conditions for the use of a single currency in europe from the point of view of citizens? a currency is a symbol that means a sovereignty principle. Transition towards a single currency will involve five main problems : designation and possible banknotes differenciation, conversion rates, time limits ant temporary double circulation. The analysis of chief contemporary monetary reforms, new franc (1960), sterling decimalization (1971) and the german monetary unification (1990) prooves that the scenario that has been chosen in madrid (1995) is the best. Nevertheless it is likely that more convenient conversion rates and some differenciation in banknotes presentation is desirable
Sastre-Alonso, Maria-Antonia. "La participation de la peseta au système monétaire européen : avantages et inconvénients pour l'intégration monétaire européenne." Grenoble 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE21034.
Full textParticipation by all member states of the european community in the ems seems to be one of the strongest intentions of community policy. However, it is not sure that this participation will be translated into an intensified process of european monetary integration. On the contrary, the form of participation chosen by a single member state may cause this process to slowdown for the group as a whole. Given the conditions accorded to the spanish peseta and the portuguese escudo, such a slowdown seems possible since hardly half the participating currencies will be held to respect the standard margins of fluctuation. In addition, with a greater number of components in the ecu basket and a wider margin of fluctuation being of benefit to more of the components currencies, the ecu may lose stability. Beyond any technical arguments, it appears that the absence of a theorical strategy for membership upon which to base the process of european monetary integration brings this process into question, irrespective of the form of adhesion of new members. This can be explained by the combination of specific methods of monetary integration with different concepts of monetary union which are not always compatible
Munchehofe, Michaël. "Les coûts et bénéfices d'une monnaie unique et l'unification monétaire européenne." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994IEPP0001.
Full textOur study would like to contribute to a better understanding of the costs and benefits of a common currency. We think - and that is the point we are making in our thesis - that a currency unification has to be explained by political reasons. The first chapter identifies the costs and benefits of a common currency. The loss of the exchange rate mecanism, interregional financial transferts, inflation costs, extension of monetary functions and transaction security are the essential aspects. The importance of these costs and benefits depends on the following factors : economic structures, credibility of common monetary institutions, fiscal discipline, wage flexibility as well as real and nominal convergence of the member states. This is discussed in the second chapter. The last chapter applies the results of the first two chapters to European monetary unification. The EC consists of twelve states having larges differences in economic development. Therefore, the loss of the exchange rate mecanism and interregional financial transferts will be important. The stability of the ECU depends on a strict application of Maastricht's convergence criteria. The ECU will extend monetary functions and may have a positive impact on investment due to a higher transaction security. To sum up, the costs of the ECU will be higher than its benefits. European monetary unification has to be explained by political reasons
Maxence, Philippe. "L'écu : une nouvelle devise." Paris 13, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA131010.
Full textThe evolution of financial markets over the last fifteen years, in ecu, has seen a rapid increase. This is especially the case of the future's market. The ecu can also be a tool for financial management used to cover fluctuations in foreign currencies and can reduce export financing costs. The activities of the bond market and the secondary market reveal that ecu has become one of the principal means of borrowing. We will be analysing the possibility of using the ecu as a means of billing between europe and the united states and if the development of a portfolio in ecu would be efficient
Battaglia, Nicole. "L'introduction de la future monnaie européenne dans la pensée et les actions." Reims, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998REIML002.
Full textOur study was based on the assumption that economic socialization mobilizes the entirety of psychological functioning and results from an interaction between cognitive, emotional and psychosocial determinants. This change in the state of economic affairs is selected because it will involve objective constraints on subject's realizations. Previous psychological research has made clear that the individuals' experience, and the social influence that shape it, have a bearing on the appraisal processes. In other words, it influences the way to appraise, conceptualize and cope with a new social object. We want to show that no sound theory or explanation of facts in the field of economic socialization can be set up without an account of socially shared representations, social context of realizations and individual characteristics of subjects. In this life span socio-developmental perspective (from adolescence to later adulthood), age, gender and subculture differences are found in the nature of economic experiences that are stressful, in individual's cognitive, emotional, and motivational reactions to this event and in strategies of coping responses to face the change of currency. If our study shows at the very least that it seems clear that developmental level shapes coping, then the results across highly selective groups (contrasted by different subcultures) gives rise to another difference between subject's gender and social anchoring. Key, wolds: economic socialization, social representations, stressor, cognition, conation, coping strategies. Topic reference: representations -economic socialization- transaction process
Viallon, Stéphane. "La construction monétaire européenne et la Zone franc." Dijon, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998DIJOE004.
Full textAt first, a study of the + zone franc ; such that it exists presently, and it's problematics is developed. An analysis of concepts of the currency allows then to situate the problematics of the international currency as compared to the national currencies' one. This analysis aims at bringing to the fore the concepts of the currency and the definition of the supranational money given by bernard schmitt that results from them. Finally, in a third part, the different scenarios conceivable for the + zone franc ; according to the current process of european monetary construction have been studied. Especially the scenario of the break-up of the + zone franc ; with the disappearance of the french franc, regarded as the likeliest, has been studied. At the end, a more coherent scenario has been developed with the institution of an african supranational currency. It has been notably shown how the + zone franc ;, such that it exists nowadays, can constitute a suitable framework to such an evolution
Carré, Martine. "Contributions à l'étude du passage à la monnaie unique." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010059.
Full textThe first part considers the implications of the monetary union on the international transmissions of asymmetric shocks and on the self-adjustment process in each country. The first chapter analyses the degree of shocks asymmetry in Europe. We show that the measure of shocks symmetry does not reveal a deep parameter, and depends on economic integration. The more integrated economies are, the more asymmetric are gdps for a given set of sectoral shocks. Chapter two considers a two-country version of the dornbush [1976] framework. In this model, steady-state values of real variables are not affected by the change of exchange rates regime. The adoption of a monetary union has thus only redistribution effects in the short term. Chapter three studies the potential benefit of moving to a monetary union in a two country intertemporal general equilibrium model. We introduce price adjustment costs within a monopolistic competition framework. In this model, the loss of exchange rate flexibility affects, in the long run, wealth distribution between countries. The aim of the second part is the study of the implications of maastricht fiscal constraints on the policy mix and on fiscal reform adoptions. We study in chapter four the interactions between monetary and fiscal policy in each country, first in a flexible exchange rate framework, and second in a monetary union. This chapter proposes a new explanation of the existence of such fiscal contraints. Chapter five studies the efficiency of maastricht criteria on the timing of adoption of fiscal reforms. In fact, the exact impact of a penalty on the time at which the reform is implemented is ambiguous. The existence of a penalty has the effect that some agents will delay their decision to implement a fiscal reform, whereas some agents will advance their decision to stabilize the public debt so that it is stabilized right on time
Spina, Christian. "Analyse comparative de systèmes financiers, monnaie unique et financement de l'activité économique dans la zone euro." Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE0053.
Full textOur objective is to compare the financing process of growth in Europe and to determine whom is the more efficient. Before, we analyse the working of these systems. We conclure they are very different in spite of the evolution of the two past decades. Our chapter two show the economical, legal and over historical reasons of these diffrences and explain the actual working of the european systems. Our third chapter explain financing process of growth in these systems. We conclude that german system (with the existence of close relationships between a bank and a firm) is the most efficient system. Our last chapter present the structure of corporate ownerships in different european country. We see that german system (where banks are importante shareholders) is the most efficient system
Graffe-Pfister, Servane. "Essais sur la transition vers l'union monétaire européenne." Orléans, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ORLE0507.
Full textClaustres, François. "La banque centrale européenne : liaison des aspects théoriques et institutionnels d'une création monétaire régionale." Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE21030.
Full textThis thesis analyses the true role of the economic theory in the definition of the coming european central bank (ecb). It implicates the common view of institutional independence of central banking, which has become a universal model, built on solid theoretical basis (e. G. Rogoff's conservative banker). The european community uses these works to justify its institutional choices. But this approach seems to be a reverse theorisation of the german model of central banking, only transposed to europe. This thesis will try to separate what becomes to the theoretical approach (rational anticipations) and what becomes to the pragmatic approach (the german bundesbank). The first part of this work estimate's the true influence of the economic theory on the ecb institutions. The thesis of institutional independence superiority comes from ricardo, but its application to the bank of england showed its limits. Then, the integration of central banking in the economic theory has been neglected, until the monetarisms made the institutional choice a prerequisite to an optimal monetary policy. The second part of this work makes an historical perspective of the european and international monetary co-operation, but also of historical processes of monetary space formation, in order to point out that the ecb is first of all a pragmatic construction. It simply reflects the states of power in europe in favour of germany which prescribes its monetary institutions, and which will at least receive the coming ecb. Only a domination effect approach can give a good explanation of the european monetary union process
Rouabah, Abdelaziz. "Compétitivité des banques luxembourgeoises, monnaie unique et prospectives stratégiques des acteurs." Nancy 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NAN22003.
Full textThis thesis assesses the competitiveness of banks in Luxembourg and analyses the impact of integration of national banking markets. The first part analyses the concept of competitiveness in terms of three elements : banking efficiency (X-efficiency), the structure of market for banking, and product differentation. Banking efficiency and market structure are studied through the estimation of a translog cost function on panel data covering 136 banks in six European countries. The results indicate : average efficiency is higher for banks in Luxembourg than in other countries, economies of scale are present for smaller scale banks, economies of scope are absent. A theoretical model was developed to analyse the impact of differenciation by regulation (confidentiality) on the setting of interest rates. Empirical results obtained for the six European countries in our sample stress the importance of confidentiality as a source of economies for banks operating in Luxembourg and Switzerland. In the second part of the thesis, we measured the impact of monetary union on banking and identified the most appropriate strategies using the results of a double-round survey of forty experts. The latter believed that the short run impact of monetary union on banking in Luxembourg is essentially marginal. In the longer term, the experts in our panel considered that centripetal forces will dominate local structural factors. Thus, the europeanisation of the market for banking will intensify foreign competition for luxembourg banks. However, the survey suggest appropiate strategies may effectively attenuate the effects of competition, through product differentiation, increased specialisation, cooperation with other banks, and optimal choice of location
Moumni, Mohammed-Najib. "L'essor de l'Ecu dans les marchés financiers internationaux : bilan et perspectives." Paris 10, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA100029.
Full textBecoming comparable to the other currency markets, the financial Ecu market is one of the possible ways of financial integration in Europe. The Ecu has the potential to play the role of a parallel money. In fact, we have showen in this work that the financial Ecu market has, since its existence, become deeper, wider and has improuved its liquidity. Our empirical study has confirmed the stability of exchange, interest, cost-benefice and has showen the Ecu efficiency. The reduction of the autonomy in the monetary policy which will be induced by the generalization of the Ecu uses, by intensifing the capital flew and by the interconnection between the Europeans currencies, should be seen as an advantage since its further utilization will stimulate the ems countries to an increased coordination in their monetary policy. The use of Ecu as a privileged instrument in the financial integration should ratify the loss of monetary policy ; loss which could not be avoided because of the total mobility of capital
Hapette, Emmanuel. "La banque de détail dans l'Union Européenne : quels acteurs dans quel marché ? : une approche par le tryptique : organisation, concurrence, tarification." Paris 9, 2005. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2005PA090014.
Full textWith the creation of the Euro, the European Union has a new instrument to get the national spaces closer. However, the convergence process of economies and societies of the member states has to face numerous and deep difficulties. Using a panel of varied indicators, a comparative analysis of national profiles shows that important gaps persist. Public powers of member states play a key role. So the organization of the retail banking market is shared between a nearly unified continental financial market and still fragmented retail banking national markets. This situation makes ambiguous the way that retail banks carry out their proximity works. Starting with a study of the economic functions of retail banks, the thesis proves the opportunity of operational regrouping, as they enable entities to share the costs of management tools that increase with the changing in banking intermediation and the development of financial markets. With technological evolutions and the new techniques to manage assets liabilities and risks, the Euro increases the interest of international mergers. Yet the commercial dimension of retail banking requires qualifying these prospects. The fragmentation of retail banking national markets may be illustrated by information asymmetries and heterogeneous commercial strategies. These frictions cause competition biases, which generate national, regional or even local market powers. The importance of proximity factor also appears in operational difficulties that the implementation of mergers has to deal with. The genesis of mega-banks and the concentration of market-shares imply risks, which are nevertheless qualified in the study. To establish a link between these industrial and commercial approaches, pricing offers a way to associate quite opposed perspectives. The current empiric reality reveals strong national specificities. Apart from these disparities, the active presence of mutual structures is a common feature, with management rules and commercial strategies that differ from capitalist banks. At least, externalities generated by banking activities make necessary widening the study. In addition to the emergence of risks linked with too strong a competition, the current normalization of European space indicates the lack of common rules and authorities to cope with the regulation of European banking market. To complete these lacks, several arguments are developed
Le, Quéré Francoise. "La substitution de l'Ecu aux monnaies nationales : le traité de Maastricht et la monnaie de réglement." Orléans, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ORLE0502.
Full textWe show in the first part how the acceptability of a transactions currency is obtained and self-reinforced. The acceptable existing currencies leads to asking of inertia and limits opportunities of a spontaneous adoption of ecu (euro). We then conditions under which a European currency user’s network can emerge beside existing monetary networks: futures and nice externalities of the new network contribute unfavorably to its expansion. The switch to ecu by the diffusion of a critic transactions is a step that makes its later widespread use credible. We analyze in the second part methods of integrating large-value payment systems characterized by an externe diversity European level. We show first that the creation of an integrated payment system depends on the interconnection of national gross settlement systems. We demonstrate then that a joint abandonment of net settlement systems allows to avoid an unfair competition between interbank payment networks characterized by different degrees of risk exposure. We also analyze the structure of the future integrated payment system and also the implementation of banking supervision and interventions European system of central banks towards the end of the transition. The third part raises the problem of the internationalization of the European currency. Network externalities and economy derived from the use of a currency in international transactions are integrated into the traditional analysis based on t the respective characteristics of international currencies. We show in a theatrical framework that in spite of expected qualities, an inertia prevents ecu from emerging as an international currency. Finally, we underline uses in which the e currency may emerge as an international money
Lotz, Sébastien. "Équilibres avec acceptation d'une nouvelle monnaie, équilibre avec crédibilité de la politique monétaire : deux essais sur le rôle des banques centrales." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020112.
Full textBottex, Agnès. "Naissance d'une identité monétaire en Europe, 1957-1972 : de la CEE à l'UEM, l'intégration monétaire à la lumière des flux internationaux de capitaux." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100036.
Full textThis research focuses on the impacts of European monetary integration on the EEC economical attractivity. Through a quantitative approach of actors' financial accounts, it analyses the influence of international capital flows on a common monetary doctrine definition. By studying interactions between real and monetary flows, as well as between economical and monetary integration, we highlight two simultaneous evolutions between 1957 and 1972 : the "internationalisation" of economies and the regionalisation of banking practices. Linked to the Bretton Woods system collapse, the research by the Six of an institutionalised monetary Europe involves, as a counterpart, the mutation of the EEC into a regionalised economic and monetary area
Barrois, Florent. "Incidences de l'euro comme monnaie unique sur la gestion des entreprises et des banques en France." Université Robert Schuman (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998STR30013.
Full textThe management of a firm compells to make up choices concerning the strategy and the organisation to perform. The change over to the single currency on 1 january 1999 is one of the major element to undertake in that approch. As a matter of fact, the adoption of the euro will affect the operating process of the french firms and banks in many lines of business. Moreover, the management methods will be up to question. In that context, the effects of the single currency upon the firms activity and their type of management have been described. The new methods of management which will be implemented after the launch of the euro have also been specified. Then, a survey succeeded in determining the relations between those new methods of management and some special characteristics of firms and banks. The analysis of the answers to that survey displayed how french firms and banks perceive the potential effects of the euro : the change over to the single currency should particularly have a slight effect on their strategy. After that, the answers have been undertaking a khideux test which determined very significant dependency links between some kinds of variables. The main activity of firms and their turnover have been disclosed to constitute items of importance on the way the firms consider the impact of the euro on competition in their lines of business. Moreover, the firms activity and the fact that they assume a status of subsidiary revealed to be the two factors which have the most influence upon their strategic will to launch new products after the move to the monetary union. Finally, geographical location and size are the essential characteristics of the french banks which undermine their analysis of the euro impact and some of their strategic decisions in the outlook of the monetary union
Chemain, Régis. "L'union économique et monétaire." Paris 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA01A006.
Full textThis thesis presents the juridical aspects of the economic and monetary unification process in europe, taking into consideration their political and economic consequences. In part one of this thesis, an analasys of the firts two stages of the emu reveals the obstacles opposing its realisation. The first phase concluded in an insufficent merger of respec tive economies and an ill-fated monetary instability, and thus, the ems was shaken. None of the elements brought forth in the second phase - emi, broad guidelines of the economic policies, multilateral surveillance. . . Can gurantee that emu will be achieved by the 1999 time limit outlined by the treaty for european union. This reflection find supports in the stringent conditions a country must fulfill before it can proceed to the third phase, which concludes the process. Thus, despite the treaty, the achievement of emu remain uncertain and continues to depend on the political willingness of the member states and the overall economic climate. Part two analyses the third phase, characterized by the development of the coodination of the political economies of the member states. The introduction of a common currency the ecu - and the creation of the ecbs an the ecb. Acting independantly, the members of the ecbs will be in charge of the monetary policy with the primary objective of guaranteeing price stability. At the same time the emu increases the importance of the union it restreins the autonomy and sovereignty of the member states. It influences strongly the future of the union in its economic and political dimension. It reveals the weaknesses of the political union just as it accentuates a federal dynamisme
Jourdon, Philippe Jean-Louis. "La monnaie unique européenne et son lien au développement économique et social coordonné : une analyse cliométrique." Montpellier 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON10068.
Full textThis thesis proposes a new, 2007-updated reading of the KONDRATIEFF cycles' theory. The aim is both renewing the 1966-DUPRIEZ interpretation speaking of monetary long cycles, and to give it a content for the twenty-first century, by describing the world system in 2007, in order also to enrich and complete this late version on a theoretical basis. We resume facts and ideas about long cycles, one after the other, since 1800: i. E. 1800-1870, 1870-1940, from 1940 up to nowadays. We can do it by putting every perspective of social development ensured by a self creating additional monetary mass… within the world system's concerns, these latter ones being strongly influenced by the “security” theme, and by important military expenditures. This approach would provide, at each period: first of all an analysis of the in-course theories about money and social relations, secondly of the war phenomenon and coercion, and lastly theories about long cycles in connection with money and wars, in order to follow how the inherited scope of analysis changes. Then, an Economical History of Europe shows the progressive construction of the homo monetarius's income, since 1800, and a Monetary History of Europe shows how the Central Bank is preoccupied in order to make insure and help diversify this homo monetarius's income… within the scope of the world system, since 1800. Both Histories enable us to come to our theory. History should be re-written in order to integrate this new agent, called homo monetarius, who: 1) takes decisions that allow him to self diversify and to take financial risks; 2) reinforces his feeling that his political conception of society brings up his being well insured within it; 3) exchanges information with his environment, an information of monetary character i. E. Enabling him to insure better that society. The new monetary long cycle (1992-2090) is the cycle of the new key-currency, i. E. The Euro. It will follow the respective cycles of the Sterling Pound (1848-1945) and of the Dollar (1917-2015). It will be the scene for the Euro to precise its own reserves about the system referred to the Dollar (1980-2020), then becoming the first reserve currency in the world also supporting the burden of the new world system's indebtedness (2015-2055), and finally weakening, declining and giving place to another key-currency (2050-2090). The Euro will insure a new social project: the equilibrium between private property, social property and self property, after the projects of the Dollar (equilibrium between private property and social property) and of the Sterling Pound (liberalism's promotion through a defense of private property)
Ubertin, Alexandre. "Le Traité de Maastricht face à la dualité de la monnaie : l'intégration monétaire européenne en question." Orléans, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ORLE0502.
Full textWe can see the european debates from a double theoritical point of view. On the one hand, there is a confrontation between the knapp's theory and the hayek's one on the question of the monetary power since the stake in the discussions has been to determine who from the state or the market should establish the single currency. On the other hand, these debates remind some ancient controversies because they bring to an end on the same reform and institute a restrictive monetary policy. However, this real turn presents some uncertainties which give a certain topicality to an alternative project, the community currency. We would keep the national currencies in the internal payments and utilize the ecu for the external payments
Kuengienda, Luyindula. "Coopération, monnaie et stratégie du développement A. C. P." Paris 8, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA081228.
Full textThe construction of the europe combines three aspects at the same time, that is to say, a project, a method and a space that europeans have agreed together to construct - europe, deliberately but step by step. . . At the beginning of the sixties, the acp states signed agreements aimed at maintaining and extending their links with the european economic community. The acp have been directly connected and dealt with collectively in regards to work, particularly on the the level of financial and technical co-operation. The modes and procedures of setting up co-operation comprise four broad phases: -programming, instruction, decision-making and (evaluation of)results. Today europe has initiated the project for a single currency that the acp states consequently have to deal with in order to master this co-operation. However, this project raises various obstacles and socio-political risks wich we have already discussed. Finally, what will the strategy for development of the acp be tomorrow, particularly in the case of congo(zaire) ? it is not simply a question of preaching and isolation of the acp states, but rather concentrating on development tomorrow, which means necessarily strengthening the internal economic and social structures. And why not include co-operation in the new international economic order ?
Cahen, Didier. "L'usage privé de l'écu." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010010.
Full textSaint-Périer, Amaury de. "Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, la France et l'Europe monétaire de 1974 à 1981 : la persévérance récompensée." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040058.
Full textFrom 1974 to 1978, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing strives to achieve monetary stability for the European community (EC). His aim is to put an end to the monetary anarchy caused by oil shock and the inflation which is devastating Europe. He fails however to secure the support of his German partner. His project clashes witch the position of chancellor Helmut Schmidt who will only agree to a monetary project if inflation is controlled in the long term. Germany's attitude changes in 1978. It now wishes to stabilize the deutschmark in order to improve trade and diminish the influence of the dollar in the EC. Their common purpose leads the two countries to the creation of the European monetary systems (EMS), which should permit the convergence of the economies and the stabilisation of the currencies, as well as improve trading and growth in the EC member states. The EMS also entails the creation of the European Currency Unit designed to become the Common Market single currency. The nine member states adhere to the EMS, with the United Kingdom participating in the ECU, but not in the Exchange Rate Mechanism (ERM) since it seek to menage its own currency freely. In their endeavour, Giscard and Schmidt risked unpopularity by confronting their countries' conservatism. Giscard face the supporters of monetary
Mopa, Arouna. "Intégration monétaire en Europe et analyse des stratégies de localisation des banques européennes." Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUED001.
Full textIn this thesis we analyse the impact of monetary integration on the European banking localization strategies. In the first part of this thesis, we study macrofinancial effect of the monetary integration. Firstly, we test the convergence of intermediation models of European countries. We find that euroland countries converge in the period of study both in term of credit rate intermediation and market rate intermediation. In return, outside the Euroland, convergence is observed only in term of market rate intermediation. Secondly, analyse the movement of the banking foreign direct investment (BFDI) through a test of the convergence hypothesis. We find that while in the euroland the BFDI are toward near countries in term of bank intermediation, outside euroland it is the proximity in term of market intermediation which has positive effect on the BFDI. In the second part of this thesis we adopt a microfinancial point of view. We analyse the forms of geographic localization of European financial conglomerates. Firstly, we propose a theoretic model enabling to show the link between different forms of information asymmetry and choice of banking activities in foreign countries. We show that the adoption of financial conglomerate organisation enables banks to overcome their information disadvantage in foreign market. Secondly, the theoretic models results are test empirically. We find that the choice of the form of the bank's foreign subsidiary in a country depend on the non financial agent mode of financing in that country
Guibinga, Roger. "De la relation entre les régimes monétaires et les régimes salariaux dans la perspective de la monnaie unique européenne." Paris 2, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA020096.
Full textEffi, Serge. "Les aspects juridiques des relations monétaires et financières entre l'Union européenne et les Etats de la zone franc." Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010272.
Full textCalin, Diana. "Implications de l'unification monétaire européenne sur les pays candidats à l'adhésion : le cas de la Roumanie." Universitatea de Vest (Timişoara, Roumanie), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004POIT4006.
Full textChevrou-Sevérac, Hélène. "Convergence monétaire et convergence réelle à la veille de l'UEM." Aix-Marseille 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001AIX24017.
Full textBouchaddakh, Zouheir. "L'intégration monétaire : fondements théorique et enjeux politico-économiques." Paris 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA010025.
Full textTThe theory of optimum currency areas shows that similarity of economic structures of the participant countries is a sufficient condition for the success of monetary integration given strategic behavior of the participants, positive analysis underlines other sources of monetary disintegration. Behaviors similarity is then an other condition for optimality of the currency area especially, political economy analysis stresses that with different governments in the countries of a currency area, fiscal policies are subjected to political pressure. The interaction between members of the currency area ends up in fiscal laxism. Because of interdependence between monetary and fiscal policies it is at the end the monetary stability which is questioned so only political integration guarantees the credibility of monetary integration
Tuffa, Vlaïllitch. "Des substantialisations pour la monnaie de banque centrale : une analyse de la scène des conférences de presse de la Banque centrale européenne." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCC172.
Full textThis thesis comes to study a number of imaginary plays and stakes recoverable, in the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, in speeches about money in general and what might be called the central bank money. In this case, the thesis focuses on discourses from academics and from central banks environment, European Central Bank’s (ECB) in particular.Among these stakes, the thesis aims to show how a certain number of these discourses aretrying to equip themselves with a money that would be a recoverable trace like a simple presence, holding together the impossible meeting of frayage and pur. For this analysis, two authors are solicited like heuristic supports to think the writing and the imaginary : Derridaand its reference to an origin’s delay at work in the scene of the writing (play of the trace) ; Castoriadis and his reference to the "phantasme" of a self-targeted and self-centered holdtogether. These two references constitute theoretical attempts to resist the logic of the full object that threatens every process of objectivation, a fortiori for that of money. The first part works on discursive references working in and around the monetary thought ofauthors from economics but also from other social sciences, from the twentieth and twenty first centuries and from more ancient times. In these thoughts, the thesis points out anemancipatory ambition that pushes the imaginary in a double movement holding-together the desire of désubstantialisation of the concept of money and a reverse movement of(re)substantialisation, usually repressed as such.In the second part, the thesis try to see if and how these stakes around the definition ofmoney are revived, at the turning point of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, in the academic knowledge surrounding the central banks, in the speeches of the central banks governors, ECB in particular, and in the commentaries of ECB’s attentive audience. It emergesas an important result that the ECB, through the scene of its press conferences, facilitates and animates a game : in this latter, the « confusion » threatening the money, « confusion » that acertain economist discourse intends to designate and claims to be able to lift it, is not only the problem that must be solved in the money, but this so-called "confusion" is also the recourse which assures in the monetary writing scene that a gap between the front stage and the backstage is widening. In this spacing, the ECB comes to enunciate for its audience, a whole sociology giving consistency to a veridiction (Foucault) of the economy and the money. By this spacing, the ECB fuels the idea that it holds-together frayage and pur in / for the money.Frayage and pur never have to stand together on the front stage, yet they are always invitedlike held-together in this scene of monetary writing carried by the press conferences of the President of the ECB. The ECB deploys an imaginary that never stops inaugurating the moneywhile remaining in the horizon of pur.Using as a tool la différance (Derrida) that works immediately (d’emblée) in the scene of thesepress conferences by placing it on the horizon of pur allows the ECB to stir up, in its attentive audience’s commentaries, the whirling of an imaginary populated by the idea that at one timeit would be possible to clearly delimit, for the money and for the economy, the possible from the impossible, the true from the false, pushing away from the eyes and away from thedebates the problem of the origin’s delay of the monetary writing, pushing away from theeyes and away from the debates the problem of the bottomless of the value and of itscoinage. By maintaining the play of the scene of its money’s writing (substantialisation/désubstantialisation, frayage/ pur), the ECB thus ensures that the play, by which it gives itself money while erasing the horizon of such a monetary transgression, doesn’t stop
Célestine, Emmanuelle. "Souveraineté et union économique et monétaire." Paris 12, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA122005.
Full textWhen EMU has been created, members States of European Community transferred their monetary sovereignty almost integrally whereas they kept their economic sovereignty exercise. This disequilibrium between monetary and economic transfer is a source of difficulties in the leading of both community monetary politic and national economic politics of member States. An adapted policy-mix is quite impossible because of the lack of European politics structures which be able to lead economic politic at the European Community stage and to take into account disserves of euro zone members States and those of non members. So, if we want EMU to survive, new sovereignty transfers are necessary
Rey-Valette, Hélène. "Essai sur les monnaies internationales et les taux de change." Paris, EHESS, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EHES0105.
Full textThe thesis consists of four essays dealing with the geography of currencies and the impact of currency internationalisation and currency substitution on the real economy. It introduces a new way of modelling currencies: the framework used is intermediate between the walrasian world and the completely decentralised environment of search models. The first chapter links real trade flows and patterns of currency use on foreign exchange markets in a general equilibrium framework. It is shown that the magnitude and symmetry of trade links determine which of the world currencies becomes a vehicle. The long-lasting international role of sterling as vehicle currency is explained, as well as its displacement by the dollar after the second world war. The second chapter focuses on the links between medium of exchange and store of value. It shows how, in an inflationary environment, the dollarisation of an economy occurs, as domestic financial markets become shallower. This in turn drives up the currency's velocity of circulation and the price level. In such an economy, seigniorage and velocity are hysteretic. The third chapter assesses the potential of the euro to become a competitor for the dollar as an international currency. Several scenarios are considered, and rough magnitudes of the seigniorage and efficiency gains that would accrue to the euro area are estimated. The fourth chapter studies the effect of macroeconomic instability (in particular inflationary environments) on the performance of firms in some transition economies. We have transplanted the same businesses, described by their balance sheets, into different macroeconomic environments. Our results show a big disparity in cash flows depending in particular on the input-output structures of the companies considered
Le, Texier Isabelle. "La réforme du statut de la banque de France dans la perspective de l'Union économique et monétaire européenne." Rouen, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ROUEL303.
Full textThe bank of france was in the origin a joint stock company, nationalized by the law of the 2 december 1945. In the present status, it remains a company in which the state is the single shareholder. The central bank is doted of the juridical personality and is a national public company. The creation of the European economic and monetary union insist in stage 2 on the development of the independence of the national central banks of the participating countries. Also if the different public controls over the activities of the bank of France persists, the law of the 4 august 1993 has etablished the principe of the political independence of the institution towards the government. This reform replies to the economic imperatives and permits the bank of France to conform to the stipulations of the Maastricht treaty. The bank of France is also providing by the independent council of the monetary policy, which conducts the monetary policy. Some new modifications of the status of the central bank complits its independence to permit the creation of the single European currency : the euro. The definitive integration of the bank of France in the European system of central banks in stage 3 of the economic and monetary union require to transfer many of the missions of the council of the monetary policy to the European central bank. Ultimated transfers of the state's monetary souverenety have been decided. The bank of France will contribute to the decisions in the European central bank and should collaborate with the other national central banks for insure the effeciency of the single monetary policy and the single exchange policy. After the success of the European monetary integration, the determination of residual missions assumed by the bank of France in January 1999 will depend on the application of the principle of subsidiarity
Albulescu, Claudiu Tiberiu. "La stabilité du secteur financier en Roumanie dans la perspective de son adhésion à l'UEM." Universitatea de Vest (Timişoara, Roumanie), 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009POIT5030.
Full textThe analysis of systemic financial stability stands for a complex demarche which supposes the analysis of the supervision framework, the identification of potential stability risks, and the identification of quantitive techniques applied for assessing financial system stability. The present study follows a similar path and its aim is to analize the romanian financial system stability in the context of EMU [Economic and monetary union] accession. A distinctive element of the study is represented by the comparative approach of systemic stability quantitative assessment techniques and by the construction of a financial stability index stability in the perspective of euro adoption. In respect of romanian financial sector stability, degradation is visible as a consequence of the present international fianancial crisis. That is why the financial system seems unprepared for sustaining Romania's accession to the EMU
Sari, Camille. "Taux de change et rôle économique de l'état : à propos de modèles." Paris 10, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA100010.
Full textIn the first part, we exposed three models in the objectives you find some elements of response in the questions that we had posed at the start: the detection of the principal determination of exchange rate. When you read through the grill, of the models of R. Dornbusch, J. Sachs and Levy Garboua-Sterdyniak and others, we have tried to bring out the lines guiding the determination of exchange rates. Certain aspects which extracts these models concerning directly our problem. It concerns the buckling of exchange rate, price and wage. The buckle of interest rate and exchange rate. In the second part we cite, the exchange rate which creates problematic in the currencies and more precisely in the research factors which varies the values. In fact, before considering the exchange rates as the relative price of two currencies, we consider it as the relative value of home currency by comparison to a foreign nature of currency adjusted by factors which express the uncertainty and speculative behavior. We must determine the relative value of home currency "d" verses the foreign currency "f" thanks to the dynamic comparison of proper value, or intrinsic value of the two currencies considered. The currency is like a recorder that registers the different tensions, which results in the distribution of revenue between the economic agencies. In indirect relation, but systematic which exists between the proper value of currency and its relative value and profit rate, of our propersition of definition of exchange rate which functions on profit rates differentials. The last chapter is devoted to the role of dollar and the ecu in the international monetary system
Achache, Valérie. "L' approche juridique de la sécurité des paiements dans le commerce électronique." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE0011.
Full textPublic authorities, along with private entities, have been striving for several years to implement various legal and technological provisions working towards online payment security, which is an essential vehicle for trust in electronic commerce and its expansion. The aim of this research is to present the coregulation procedure used by national and international institutions to approach the various legal aspects of online payments (more flexible regulations for encryption technologies, acknowledgement of electronic writings and signatures, status of electronic currency establishments, standardization of technical processes, and fight against cyberfraud), with the aim of balancing both security and economic stakes (economic growth and consumer protection) in a consensual and concomitant manner. The European Union is at the heart, and often the initiator, of this judicial edifice, thus displaying through general clauses a strong will to harmonize the legal system in regard to secure online payment
Villard, Duran Camila. "L'encadrement juridique de l'accountability de la politique monétaire : une étude de la Banque centrale brésilienne (Bacen), de la Banque centrale européenne (BCE) et de la Réserve fédérale des États-Unis (Fed)." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010266.
Full textDeusy-Fournier, Pierre. "L'UEM et la cohérence du polycentrisme monétaire." Paris 10, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA100128.
Full textThe thesis aims at analyzing the effects of the European monetary union (emu) on the stability of the international monetary system (ims), and at specifying its prerequisites. It begins by trying to define the nature of competition between currencies, and rejects the traditional neoclassical framework, because of the evidence of externalities and due to the collective nature of the money. Reference to the economics of networks aims at unifying both approaches in a homogeneous theoretical and conceptual framework. A simulation synthesizes it, by focusing on the contradictory interaction between the dynamics induced by fixed costs and the rigidity of monetary habits. Subsequently, it is confirmed by a statistical and descriptive study of the balance of powers between moneys since 1975, as well as by a historical review of international monetary systems discussed and implemented since 1945. Through asking what really a good ims is, and developing the decisive distinction between actual and potential capital mobility, a typology of the various possible regimes may be deduced; and intermediate imss prove to be the most robust. However, the future of the new monetary principles settled with the plaza and Louvre agreements remains uncertain, though interventions seem to be more efficient, and though the emergence of independent central banks implies the development of real monetary doctrines. In the end, some questions related to emu are tackled, using the former results and a final modelisation. Emu is indeed a real "revolution" which unsettles monetary habits and frees the external effects attached to international money. Hence the decisive importance of the transition period, and the necessity of a real consistency of the new European monetary identity. The outcome for the polycentric ims will depend on both the regionalization of international monetary networks, and the degree of co-responsibility implemented
Dounias, Evangelos. "Les enjeux de l'adhésion de la monnaie grecque au système monétaire européen." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX24003.
Full textSince its implementation in 1979, Europe's monetary system has been evolving towards a real monetary union. Greek drachma is the only currency still remaining outside the system's exchange rate mechanism. The possible effects of its imminent participation in the EMS are evaluated through the estimation and subsequent simulation of an open economy model of macroeconomic regulation
Pellegrini, Laurence. "Les activités du « couple » Valéry Giscard d’Estaing-Helmut Schmidt après 1981/82 : L’entente personnelle au service de l’Union monétaire de l’Europe." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3046/document.
Full textThe present dissertation describe how the construction of Europe, point of confluence of the political measure of Valery Giscard d'Estaing and Helmut Schmidt, was determinant in the pursuit of their collaboration after 1981/82. In this goal it is focussing on the works of the Comity for Monetary union of Europe, created by Valery Giscard d'Estaing and Helmut Schmidt in 1986, before the adoption of the Single European Act by their successors. What role their initiative did played on the constitution of the Delors Comity in 1988, charged to study the project of Economic and Monetary Union of Europe and more widly on the execution of the Maastricht Treaty? The analysis, with the replacement of the European concept of Valery Giscard d'Estaing and Helmut Schmidt in the beginning of the years 1980 and 1990between the approaches institutionalist and integrationist, economist and monetist, keynesianist and ordoliberal, or French and German , reveal the issues of the lobbyist and the economical integration in the process of the construction of Europe
Souvignet, Thomas. "L'expertise et la lutte contre la fraude monétique." Thesis, Paris 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA020091.
Full textEvery year, payment card fraud exceeds 1.5 billion euros in Europe. Organised crime groups are exploiting any vulnerability possible to take a piece of this lucrative activity. Even though the five principal entities in the payment card industry (cardholders, issuers,acceptors, acquirers and payment system providers) are implementing binding security measures through out standardized systems and networks, fraud continues to increase. Efforts by the state, industry collaboration, and individuals have been unsuccessful in decreasing criminal advances. Having analysed the elements of payment card fraud, this thesis proposes several actions (passive, reactive and proactive) to help improve the fight against this fraud. First, itis relevant to gain knowledge of the source of the card details and not to focus only on its reuse. Next, forensic assessment has to be improved, for example by developing an increased scientific understanding of the technology. Such an expertise should then be passed on to investigators through effective training and knowledge transfer. Investigations should also be made more dynamic with reactive operations conducted in concert by investigators and technicians. Finally, in an ideal proactive spirit, future investigations and assessments should be oriented and facilitated by studying and influencing current payment card technology developments
Silvestre, Alda Maria de Matos. "L'adhésion du Portugal au SME et le développement de l'Ecu." Paris 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA020113.
Full textThe portuguese currency (the escudo) has been in the ecu basket since september 1989 but will not participate in the exchange rate mechanism of the european monetary system before 1992 or 1994 because of the macroeconomic disequilibria (high inflation rates, important budgetary and current account deficits) and poor development of the domestic financial system. The above timing is due to the transitory periods agreed with the portuguese authorities for the liberalization of capital movements: end-1992 or end-1995. The last one will be enforced should external account difficulties or insufficient adaptation of the domestic financial system demand so (directive 88 361 cee, art. 6). Cee, art. 6). Daptation of the domestic financial system demand so (directive 88 3612ytiques the participation of portugal in the ems and the ecu development
Jemali, Mouna. "Les établissements de paiement. Un nouvel acteur bancaire." Phd thesis, Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00973466.
Full textVeulle, Philippe de. "Les sources juridiques des systèmes européens de paiement." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05D016.
Full textEuropean payment systems legal sources is the title of the thesis. In introduction we study definition and history, typology and the applicable law. What legal rules are applicable to payment systems which are a state matter? This is the problematical question of this work. Obviously we think about European community law. This is not the only answer. The first part explain the national law of the States members of European community. We will understand that the international law is ruling for a big part this subject. The standards also are playing an important part in the ruling level. The national law (for France for instance) still also on the field of payment systems and even reinforce the European community law (in bankruptcy and shares transfers laws). The national judge will play an major role in application of the law (Sagittaire decision). The second part is about the European community law. We focus on the classical way of making the financial and banking laws. We also explain the new Lamfalussy method for more efficient ruling way. The European strategy policy shows the importance of "subsidiary principle" end the "playing level field" of the laws for European community. The ruling power of prudential authorities will be also developed in this part. We will conclude by the difficult way of law application , the terrorism and cleaning money matter and the new harmonization of the European community law
Mila, Susanna. "La coordination des politiques monétaires française et allemande entre 1979 et 1987." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010013.
Full textFrédéric, Paul. "Convergences aventureuses : L'Écho des années soixante-dix californiennes sur l'art européen des années quatre-vingt-dix et autres essais sur l'art contemporain." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383238.
Full textJacob, Chloé. "Le chemin vers l'euro : différentes explications de la convergence franco-allemande dans le processus d'intégration monétaire européen." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15083.
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