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Journal articles on the topic 'Monoaminy'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 24 April 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Zhou, Shi-Sheng, Yi-Ming Zhou, Da Li, and Qiang Ma. "Early Infant Exposure to Excess Multivitamin: A Risk Factor for Autism?" Autism Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/963697.

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Autism, a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects boys more than girls, is often associated with altered levels of monoamines (serotonin and catecholamines), especially elevated serotonin levels. The monoamines act as both neurotransmitters and signaling molecules in the gastrointestinal and immune systems. The evidence related to monoamine metabolism may be summarized as follows: (i) monoamine neurotransmitters are enzymatically degraded/inactivated by three mechanisms: oxidative deamination, methylation, and sulfation. The latter two are limited by the supply of methyl groups and sulfate, r

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2

Murtazina, Alya R., Nadegda S. Bondarenko, Tatiana S. Pronina, et al. "A Comparative Analysis of CSF and the Blood Levels of Monoamines As Neurohormones in Rats during Ontogenesis." Acta Naturae 13, no. 4 (2021): 89–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/actanaturae.11516.

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According to the literature, the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cerebral ventricles contains numerous neuron-derived physiologically active substances that can function as neurohormones and contribute to volume neurotransmission in the periventricular region of the brain. This study was aimed at carrying out a comparative analysis of CSF and the blood levels of monoamines in rats during ontogenesis as an indicator of age-related characteristics of monoamine transport to body fluids and their function as neurohormones in volume neurotransmission in the periventricular region of the brain. We

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3

Anlauf, Martin, Rolf Eissele, Martin K. H. Schäfer, et al. "Expression of the Two Isoforms of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter (VMAT1 and VMAT2) in the Endocrine Pancreas and Pancreatic Endocrine Tumors." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 51, no. 8 (2003): 1027–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002215540305100806.

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The uptake of monoamines into the secretory granules of monoamine-storing neuroendocrine cells is mediated by vesicular monoamine transporter protein 1 or 2 (VMAT1 or VMAT2). This study analyzed the expression of VMAT1 and VMAT2 in endocrine cells of normal human and monkey pancreas. The expression of VMAT1 and VMAT2 was also examined in infants with hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia and in adults with pancreatic endocrine tumors (PETs). Using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and in situ hybridization (ISH), we demonstrated the mutually exclusive expression of VMAT1 in endocrine cells of the duct system

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4

Mooslehner, Katrin A., Pok Man Chan, Weiming Xu, et al. "Mice with Very Low Expression of the Vesicular Monoamine Transporter 2 Gene Survive into Adulthood: Potential Mouse Model for Parkinsonism." Molecular and Cellular Biology 21, no. 16 (2001): 5321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.21.16.5321-5331.2001.

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ABSTRACT We have created a transgenic mouse with a hypomorphic allele of the vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (Vmat2) gene by gene targeting. These mice (KA1) have profound changes in monoamine metabolism and function and survive into adulthood. Specifically, these animals express very low levels of VMAT2, an endogenous protein which sequesters monoamines intracellularly into vesicles, a process that, in addition to being important in normal transmission, may also act to keep intracellular levels of the monoamine neurotransmitters below potentially toxic thresholds. Homozygous mice show large

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5

Aksoz, Begum E., and Erkan Aksoz. "Vital Role of Monoamine Oxidases and Cholinesterases in Central Nervous System Drug Research: A Sharp Dissection of the Pathophysiology." Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 23, no. 9 (2020): 877–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207323666200220115154.

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Background: Monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes are very critical enzymes that regulate the level of neurotransmitters such as acetylcholine and monoamines. Monoamine neurotransmitters and acetylcholine play a very important role in many physiological events. An increase or decrease in the amount of these neurotransmitters is observed in a wide range of central nervous system pathologies. Balancing the amount of these neurotransmitters is important in improving the progression of these diseases. Inhibitors of monoamine oxidase and cholinesterase enzymes are important in symptomatic th

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6

Boyle, Natalie, Sarah Betts, and Hui Lu. "Monoaminergic Modulation of Learning and Cognitive Function in the Prefrontal Cortex." Brain Sciences 14, no. 9 (2024): 902. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14090902.

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Extensive research has shed light on the cellular and functional underpinnings of higher cognition as influenced by the prefrontal cortex. Neurotransmitters act as key regulatory molecules within the PFC to assist with synchronizing cognitive state and arousal levels. The monoamine family of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, play multifaceted roles in the cognitive processes behind learning and memory. The present review explores the organization and signaling patterns of monoamines within the PFC, as well as elucidates the numerous roles played by monoamine

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Nilsson, G. E., A. A. Alfaro, and P. L. Lutz. "Changes in turtle brain neurotransmitters and related substances during anoxia." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 259, no. 2 (1990): R376—R384. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1990.259.2.r376.

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Freshwater turtles (Pseudemys scripta elegans) were exposed to 0.5-13 h of anoxia at 25 degrees C, whereupon the brain concentrations of 14 amino acid and monoamine neurotransmitters and related substances were measured. Monoamines are of particular interest, because their synthesis and (in part) degradation require molecular oxygen. During anoxia, the level of the inhibitory transmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) increased (2.3-fold after 13 h) and the level of the excitatory transmitter Glu fell. Furthermore, anoxia caused increases in the levels of Ala (14 times after 13 h), Tau, Gly, a

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8

Huang, Yu-Hong, Akio Ito, and Ryohachi Arai. "Immunohistochemical Localization of Monoamine Oxidase Type B in Pancreatic Islets of the Rat." Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry 53, no. 9 (2005): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1369/jhc.5a6658.2005.

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Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is regarded as a mitochondrial enzyme. This enzyme localizes on the outer membrane of mitochondria. There are two kinds of MAO isozymes, MAO type A (MAOA) and type B (MAOB). Previous studies have shown that MAOB activity is found in the pancreatic islets. This activity in the islets is increased by the fasting-induced decrease of plasma glucose level. Islet B cells contain monoamines in their secretory granules. These monoamines inhibit the secretion of insulin from the B cells. MAOB is active in degrading monoamines. Therefore, MAOB may influence the insulin-secretory

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9

Martin-Iverson, Mathew T., and Bruce A. Lodge. "Effects of chronic treatment of rats with "designer" amphetamines on brain regional monoamines." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 69, no. 12 (1991): 1825–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y91-270.

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(+)-Amphetamine and two structurally related analogues, 4-methoxyamphetamine and a recent "designer drug," 4-ethoxy-amphetamine, were given to rats via subcutaneous osmotic minipumps for 1–14 days. Regional brain levels of the drugs as well as monoamine neurotransmitters and some of their major acidic metabolites were determined. Amphetamine produced depletions of dopamine in the striatum after at least 3 days of treatment but not in the nucleus accumbens or olfactory tubercle, even after 14 days of treatment. In contrast, the two ring-substituted amphetamine analogues increased levels of the

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Harvey, P. J., X. Li, Y. Li, and D. J. Bennett. "Endogenous Monoamine Receptor Activation Is Essential for Enabling Persistent Sodium Currents and Repetitive Firing in Rat Spinal Motoneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 96, no. 3 (2006): 1171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00341.2006.

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The spinal cord and spinal motoneurons are densely innervated by terminals of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) neurons arising mostly from the brain stem, but also from intrinsic spinal neurons. Even after long-term spinal transection (chronic spinal), significant amounts (10%) of 5-HT and NE (monoamines) remain caudal to the injury. To determine the role of such endogenous monoamines, we blocked their action with monoamine receptor antagonists and measured changes in the sodium currents and firing in motoneurons. We focused on persistent sodium currents (Na PIC) and sodium spike prope

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11

Hollander, Eric. "Parkinson's Disease, Tourette Syndrome, and the Changing Nature of Depression: The Dog Days of Summer." CNS Spectrums 13, no. 8 (2008): 643–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900013729.

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Since the development of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors there has been a widening of the definition of depression and a decrease in the placebo-drug difference in controlled studies. In the early 1960s, ~33% of depressed patients improved with placebo and 66% with active compounds and current controlled studies suggest that the situation has certainly not improved. The Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression Study found that response rates to new compounds after the failure of the first antidepressant are low. The monoamine hypothesis of depression was formulated in the

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Belmaker, Robert H. "The Future of Depression Psychopharmacology." CNS Spectrums 13, no. 8 (2008): 682–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900013766.

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ABSTRACTAlong with the development of selective sertonin reuptake inhibitors there has been a tremendous widening of the definition of depression and an impressive decrease in the placebodrug difference in controlled studies. In the early 1960s, about one third of depressed patients improved with placebo and two thirds with active compounds. Current controlled studies suggest that the situation has certainly not improved. The Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression Study found that response rates to new compounds after the failure of the first antidepressant are low. The monoami

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Noga, Brian R., Alberto Pinzon, Riza P. Mesigil, and Ian D. Hentall. "Steady-State Levels of Monoamines in the Rat Lumbar Spinal Cord: Spatial Mapping and the Effect of Acute Spinal Cord Injury." Journal of Neurophysiology 92, no. 1 (2004): 567–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01035.2003.

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Monoamines in the spinal cord are important in the regulation of locomotor rhythms, nociception, and motor reflexes. To gain further insight into the control of these functions, the steady-state extracellular distribution of monoamines was mapped in the anesthetized rat's lumbar spinal cord. The effect of acute spinal cord lesions at sites selected for high resting levels was determined over ∼1 h to estimate contributions to resting levels from tonic descending activity and to delineate chemical changes that may influence the degree of pathology and recovery after spinal injury. Measurements e

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Inyushin, M. Y., A. Huertas, Y. V. Kucheryavykh, et al. "L-DOPA Uptake in Astrocytic Endfeet Enwrapping Blood Vessels in Rat Brain." Parkinson's Disease 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/321406.

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Astrocyte endfeet surround brain blood vessels and can play a role in the delivery of therapeutic drugs for Parkinson’s disease. However, there is no previous evidence of the presence of LAT transporter forL-DOPA in brain astrocytes except in culture. Using systemicL-DOPA administration and a combination of patch clamp, histochemistry and confocal microscopy we found thatL-DOPA is accumulated mainly in astrocyte cell bodies, astrocytic endfeet surrounding blood vessels, and pericytes. In brain slices: (1) astrocytes were exposed to ASP+, a fluorescent monoamine analog of MPP+; (2) ASP+taken up

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D'Amico, Jessica M., Katherine C. Murray, Yaqing Li та ін. "Constitutively active 5-HT2/α1 receptors facilitate muscle spasms after human spinal cord injury". Journal of Neurophysiology 109, № 6 (2013): 1473–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00821.2012.

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In animals, the recovery of motoneuron excitability in the months following a complete spinal cord injury is mediated, in part, by increases in constitutive serotonin (5-HT2) and norepinephrine (α1) receptor activity, which facilitates the reactivation of calcium-mediated persistent inward currents (CaPICs) without the ligands serotonin and norepinephrine below the injury. In this study we sought evidence for a similar role of constitutive monoamine receptor activity in the development of spasticity in human spinal cord injury. In chronically injured participants with partially preserved senso

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16

Wallin, Anders, Kaj Blennow, Åke Edman, and Jan-Erik Månsson. "Decreased Lumbar Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Monoamine Metabolites in Vascular Dementia." International Psychogeriatrics 8, no. 3 (1996): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610296002785.

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The levels of the monoamine metabolites 5-hydroxy-indoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), homovanillic acid (HVA), and 4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylglycol (HMPG) were determined in lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 56 patients with vascular dementia (VAD) and 57 healthy controls. Despite CSF sampling under standardized conditions, the variability in values was wide among both patients and controls. This suggests that yet unknown factors affect the lumbar CSF concentrations of monoamine metabolites. The VAD group showed significantly lower mean concentrations of 5-HIAA (p < .001) and HVA (p < .001) tha

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Quarta, Davide, and Charles H. Large. "Effects of lamotrigine on PCP-evoked elevations in monoamine levels in the medial prefrontal cortex of freely moving rats." Journal of Psychopharmacology 25, no. 12 (2010): 1703–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881110385598.

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Lamotrigine is suggested to have potential as an add-on treatment for patients with schizophrenia. Supporting evidence comes from the efficacy of the drug in models of psychotic-like behaviour induced by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, such as phencyclidine (PCP). These drugs enhance levels of the monoamines in the cortex, which may contribute to their psychotomimetic effects. The ability of lamotrigine to prevent these neurochemical changes has not been examined. We studied PCP-evoked overflow of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin in the medial prefrontal cortex of awake

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Sepp, Krisztián, Zsolt Molnár, Anna M. László, et al. "Study of the Potential Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Phenylurea Compounds on Neurohypophysis Cells In Vitro." International Journal of Endocrinology 2019 (February 10, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1546131.

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Homeostatic disruptor agents, and endocrine disruptor compounds (EDC) specifically, can originate from agricultural and industrial chemicals. If they modify the adaptation of living organisms as direct (e.g., by altering hormone regulation, membrane functions) and/or indirect (e.g., cell transformation mechanisms) factors, they are classified as EDC. We aimed to examine the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of phenylurea herbicides (phenuron, monuron, and diuron) on the oxytocin (OT) and arginine-vasopressin (AVP) release of neurohypophysis cell cultures (NH). In our experiments, monoamin

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Cai, Lu, Chao Wang, Xiao-kui Huo, et al. "Effect of Alkaloids Isolated fromPhyllodium pulchellumon Monoamine Levels and Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Rat Brain." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2016 (2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/6826175.

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Phyllodium pulchellum(P. pulchellum) is a folk medicine with a significant number of bioactivities. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects displayed by alkaloids fractions, isolated from the roots ofP. pulchellum, on neurotransmitters monoamine levels and on monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity. Six alkaloids, which had indolealkylamine orβ-carboline skeleton, were obtained by chromatographic technologies and identified by spectroscopic methods such as NMR and MS. After treatment with alkaloids ofP. pulchellum, the reduction of DA levels (54.55%) and 5-HT levels (35.01%) in rat brain

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Nishimura, Mitsuhiro, Kohji Sato, Tomoya Okada, et al. "Ketamine Inhibits Monoamine Transporters Expressed in Human Embryonic Kidney 293 Cells." Anesthesiology 88, no. 3 (1998): 768–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199803000-00029.

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Background Ketamine has been characterized as having psychotomimetic and sympathomimetic effects. These symptoms have raised the possibility that ketamine affects monoaminergic neurotransmission. To elucidate the relation between ketamine and monoamine transporters, the authors constructed three cell lines that stably express the norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin transporters and investigated the effects of ketamine on these transporters. Methods Human embryonic kidney cells were transfected using the Chen-Okayama method with the human norepinephrine, rat dopamine, and rat serotonin tran

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Khsime, Inès, Marie Boulain, Abderrahman Fettah, et al. "Limiting Monoamines Degradation Increases L-DOPA Pro-Locomotor Action in Newborn Rats." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 19 (2023): 14747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241914747.

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L-DOPA, the precursor of catecholamines, exerts a pro-locomotor action in several vertebrate species, including newborn rats. Here, we tested the hypothesis that decreasing the degradation of monoamines can promote the pro-locomotor action of a low, subthreshold dose of L-DOPA in five-day-old rats. The activity of the degrading pathways involving monoamine oxidases or catechol-O-methyltransferase was impaired by injecting nialamide or tolcapone, respectively. At this early post-natal stage, the capacity of the drugs to trigger locomotion was investigated by monitoring the air-stepping activity

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Favoretto, Cristiane A., Yasmin C. Nunes, Giovana C. Macedo, Janaína Silva Rocha Lopes, and Isabel M. Hartmann Quadros. "Chronic social defeat stress: Impacts on ethanol-induced stimulation, corticosterone response, and brain monoamine levels." Journal of Psychopharmacology 34, no. 4 (2020): 412–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881119900983.

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Background: Chronic exposure to stress may dysregulate the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis and brain monoamine levels, contributing to the development of ethanol dependence. Exposure to chronic social defeat stress may impact ethanol-related effects, neural, and endocrine functions. Aim: This study assessed ethanol-induced locomotor activity, corticosterone responses, and brain monoamine levels in Swiss albino mice 10 days post-exposure to chronic social defeat stress. Methods: During a period of 10 days, male Swiss mice were exposed to daily defeat episodes, followed by housing with an ag

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Bradner, Joshua M., Vrinda Kalia, Fion K. Lau, et al. "Genetic or Toxicant-Induced Disruption of Vesicular Monoamine Storage and Global Metabolic Profiling in Caenorhabditis elegans." Toxicological Sciences 180, no. 2 (2021): 313–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfab011.

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Abstract The proper storage and release of monoamines contributes to a wide range of neuronal activity. Here, we examine the effects of altered vesicular monoamine transport in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The gene cat-1 is responsible for the encoding of the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT) in C. elegans and is analogous to the mammalian vesicular monoamine transporter 2 (VMAT2). Our laboratory has previously shown that reduced VMAT2 activity confers vulnerability on catecholamine neurons in mice. The purpose of this article was to determine whether this function is conserved an

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Krysenko, Sergii, and Wolfgang Wohlleben. "Polyamine and Ethanolamine Metabolism in Bacteria as an Important Component of Nitrogen Assimilation for Survival and Pathogenicity." Medical Sciences 10, no. 3 (2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medsci10030040.

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Nitrogen is an essential element required for bacterial growth. It serves as a building block for the biosynthesis of macromolecules and provides precursors for secondary metabolites. Bacteria have developed the ability to use various nitrogen sources and possess two enzyme systems for nitrogen assimilation involving glutamine synthetase/glutamate synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase. Microorganisms living in habitats with changeable availability of nutrients have developed strategies to survive under nitrogen limitation. One adaptation is the ability to acquire nitrogen from alternative sourc

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Lin, Yuh-Tzy, Wei-Shih Huang, Huei-Yann Tsai, Min-Min Lee, and Yuh-Fung Chen. "In vivo microdialysis and in vitro HPLC analysis of the impact of paeoniflorin on the monoamine levels and their metabolites in the rodent brain." BioMedicine 9, no. 2 (2019): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bmdcn/2019090211.

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Background: Paeoniflorin (PF) possesses several effects such as analgesic, the anti-spasmodic effect on smooth muscle. It protects the cardiovascular system and reveals the neuroprotective effect on cerebral ischemia. Monoamine system has been identified to have complex regulatory effects in pain signaling. There are no reports regarding the impact of PF on monoamine levels in the rodent brain by microdialysis. In this study, the effects of PF on monoamines and their metabolites in the rodent brain using in vivo microdialysis and in vitro high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis.

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Andriuskevicius, Tomas, Brenna Parke, Anna Rhodes, Leigh Knight, Parastoo Hashemi, and Claire A. Higgins. "P20 Characterizing monoamine signalling in human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes." British Journal of Dermatology 190, no. 6 (2024): e88-e88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/bjd/ljae105.042.

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Abstract Introduction and aims Our mental health depends upon a fine balance of monoamines in the brain. Interestingly, there is ample evidence indicating that mental health disorders such as stress or anxiety have an impact on skin condition and appearance. For example, stress induces neurogenic inflammation, which in turn leads to mast cell degranulation in the skin and increases local histamine levels. This increased histamine within the skin exacerbates skin conditions such as eczema and psoriasis, while impacting the skin barrier. In this study, we first sought to investigate monoamine si

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Pearson, W. L., and C. G. Nichols. "Block of the Kir2.1 Channel Pore by Alkylamine Analogues of Endogenous Polyamines." Journal of General Physiology 112, no. 3 (1998): 351–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1085/jgp.112.3.351.

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Inward rectification induced by mono- and diaminoalkane application to inside-out membrane patches was studied in Kir2.1 (IRK1) channels expressed in Xenopus oocytes. Both monoamines and diamines block Kir2.1 channels, with potency increasing as the alkyl chain length increases (from 2 to 12 methylene groups), indicating a strong hydrophobic interaction with the blocking site. For diamines, but not monoamines, increasing the alkyl chain also increases the steepness of the voltage dependence, at any concentration, from a limiting minimal value of ∼1.5 (n = 2 methylene groups) to ∼4 (n = 10 meth

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Ernst, M. "Selegiline in ADHD Adults: Plasma Monoamines and Monoamine Metabolites." Neuropsychopharmacology 16, no. 4 (1997): 276–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0893-133x(96)00243-6.

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Hamalainen, M., and J. Kohonen. "Studies on the effect of monoamine antagonists on the morphogenesis of the newt." International Journal of Developmental Biology 33, no. 1 (1989): 157–63. https://doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.2562047.

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The effects of three monoamine antagonists, p-chlorophenylalanine, diethyldithiocarbamate and propranolol on the morphogenesis of newt embryos were studied. Antagonists were administered during late blastula through neurula stages. In a concentration of 1 mM, all three arrested gastrulation and caused disintegration of the embryos. Lower concentrations (0.1-0.5 mM) retarded morphogenetic movements in the gastrulation and caused malformations especially in the anterior parts of the embryos; pigmentation was delayed by 1 or 2 days. In addition, p-CIPhe inhibited yolk granule degradation in the n

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Raffo, Anthony, Kolbe Hancock, Teresa Polito, et al. "Role of vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 in rodent insulin secretion and glucose metabolism revealed by its specific antagonist tetrabenazine." Journal of Endocrinology 198, no. 1 (2008): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-07-0632.

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AbstractDespite different embryological origins, islet β-cells and neurons share the expression of many genes and display multiple functional similarities. One shared gene product, vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2, also known as SLC18A2), is highly expressed in human β-cells relative to other cells in the endocrine and exocrine pancreas. Recent reports suggest that the monoamine dopamine is an important paracrine and/or autocrine regulator of insulin release by β-cells. Given the important role of VMAT2 in the economy of monoamines such as dopamine, we investigated the possible ro

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Stahl, Stephen M. "Dextromethorphan/Bupropion: A Novel Oral NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) Receptor Antagonist with Multimodal Activity." CNS Spectrums 24, no. 5 (2019): 461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852919001470.

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Although currently available antidepressants increase monoamine levels soon after the start of treatment, therapeutic benefits are often delayed by several weeks and the majority of patients with major depressive disorder fail to achieve an adequate response to first- or second-line therapies targeting monoamines. The recent approval of the NMDA (N-methyl-d-aspartate) antagonist esketamine given intranasally for treatment-resistant depression has reinforced the need for agents with rapid onset with alternate mechanisms of action. Dextromethorphan/bupropion, an investigational medicine currentl

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Farfán-García, Eunice D., Ricardo Márquez-Gómez, Mónica Barrón-González, et al. "Monoamines and their Derivatives on GPCRs: Potential Therapy for Alzheimer’s Disease." Current Alzheimer Research 16, no. 10 (2019): 871–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570159x17666190409144558.

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Albeit cholinergic depletion remains the key event in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), recent information describes stronger links between monoamines (trace amines, catecholamines, histamine, serotonin, and melatonin) and AD than those known in the past century. Therefore, new drug design strategies focus efforts to translate the scope on these topics and to offer new drugs which can be applied as therapeutic tools in AD. In the present work, we reviewed the state-of-art regarding genetic, neuropathology and neurochemistry of AD involving monoamine systems. Then, we compiled the effects of monoamines

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Kozlovskii, V. L., M. Yu Popov, D. N. Kosterin, and O. V. Lepik. "Heterogeneity of the mechanisms of action of antidepressants." V.M. BEKHTEREV REVIEW OF PSYCHIATRY AND MEDICAL PSYCHOLOGY, no. 1 (April 12, 2021): 11–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31363/2313-7053-2021-1-11-17.

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The article discusses the heterogeneous mechanisms of the pharmacodynamics of antidepressants that underlie the therapeutic response. Sharing the similar clinical activity, antidepressants determine the development of drug-induced homeostasis by means of different molecular mechanisms (selective or nonselective blockade of monoamine reuptake, inhibition of monoamine oxidase, blockade of certain monoamine receptors). However, an increase of serotonin and other monoamines concentrations in the synapses of the central nervous system is only the initiating factor in the development of specific cli

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Schreiber, MD, JA Madden, RF Covert, MB Hershenson, and LJ Torgerson. "Concentration-dependent effects of cocaine on monoamine-induced constriction of cannulated, pressurized cerebral arteries from fetal sheep." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 5 (1995): 1389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9951389.

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Drugs, such as cocaine, which may alter monoamine neurotransmitter responsiveness, could adversely affect the regulation of cerebral vasculature. Cocaine exhibits at least two mechanisms that may alter vascular responsiveness: synaptic uptake inhibition, which may augment response to stimulation, and Na+ channel inhibition, which may attenuate response. To help elicit the concentration-dependent effects of cocaine, the effects of cocaine on monoamine neurotransmitter responsiveness were studied in vitro on fetal sheep cerebral arteries (120 days gestation). The changes in diameter of segments

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Petkov, V. D., S. L. Stancheva, V. V. Petkov, and L. G. Alova. "Age-related changes in brain biogenic monoamines and monoamine oxidase." General Pharmacology: The Vascular System 18, no. 4 (1987): 397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0306-3623(87)90097-8.

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Dinan, Timothy G. "Glucocorticoids and the Genesis of Depressive Illness a Psychobiological Model." British Journal of Psychiatry 164, no. 3 (1994): 365–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.164.3.365.

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Abnormalities in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis (HPA) have been the most consistently demonstrated biological markers in depressive illness. Numerous other neuroendocrine disturbances have also been described, including blunted clonidine-induced growth hormone release and blunted fenfluramine-induced prolactin release. These disturbances are generally interpreted in terms of monoaminergic receptor dysfunction. The theory presented here suggests that chronic stress which activates the HPA will in certain susceptible people produce changes in central monoamines. The high level of glucoc

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Popov, N. S., D. A. Gavrilenko, V. Yu Balabanyan, et al. "Quantitative determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in rat brain homogenates using HPLC-MS/MS." Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, no. 4 (January 18, 2023): 33–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.37489/2587-7836-2022-4-33-42.

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Relevance. Evaluation of the effect of drugs on neurotransmitter processes is an important component of pharmacodynamic studies. The quantitative determination of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain structures of laboratory animals is an urgent task of pharmacology and physiology.Purpose of the study. Development of a method for the quantitative determination of serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, histamine and epinephrine in rat brain homogenates using HPLC-MS/MS.Methods. The isolation of neurotransmitters from the brain of rats was carried out by homogenizing the biomaterial with aceto

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Holmes, L. J., L. H. Storlien, and G. A. Smythe. "Hypothalamic monoamines associated with the cephalic phase insulin response." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 256, no. 2 (1989): E236—E241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.1989.256.2.e236.

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This study elucidated the hypothalamic monoamine systems associated with the cephalic phase insulin release. Male Wistar rats conditioned to drink a glucose solution were killed 2 min after the onset of their scheduled feeding; control rats were killed at the same time. The ventromedial (VMH) and lateral (LH) portions of the hypothalamus were analyzed for the monoamines and their principal metabolites. Serum was assayed for insulin and glucose. The results showed that the experimental animals had significantly higher serum insulin levels than did the control animals, although glucose levels we

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MAYES, LINDA C. "Developing brain and in utero cocaine exposure: Effects on neural ontogeny." Development and Psychopathology 11, no. 4 (1999): 685–714. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499002278.

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Within the last decade, many investigators have focused on the physical, neurodevelopmental, and neuropsychological effects of prenatal cocaine exposure on infants and young children. Although inconclusive on many crucial issues, published studies reveal the beginnings of a profile of possible cocaine-related effects on neuropsychological functions subserving arousal and attention regulation. That profile is informed by preclinical studies in which important factors such as duration and type of exposure as well as environmental conditions may be more adequately controlled. In the developing br

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Taraskina, A. E., A. M. Zabotina, R. F. Nasyrova, et al. "The effect of antipsychotic drug on monoamine receptors in peripheral blood mononuclear cells: affinity linked mechanism." Biomeditsinskaya Khimiya 64, no. 2 (2018): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18097/pbmc20186402201.

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Schizophrenia is one of the most serious and common mental disorders, which is characterized by high levels of pathogenic heterogeneity as well as neuroimmune abnormalities, which require treatment with antipsychotic drugs. Monoamines are one of the key neurotransmitters which play an important role in neuroimmune interactions of the human organism. We suggest that the quantity of the monoamine receptors on mononuclear cells of the peripheral blood (PBMCs) can be associated with the cytokine profile of patients. With this quantity being a key component of the mental status correction mechanism

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Tomasetti, Carmine, Chiara Montemitro, Annastasia L. C. Fiengo, et al. "Novel Pathways in the Treatment of Major Depression: Focus on the Glutamatergic System." Current Pharmaceutical Design 25, no. 4 (2019): 381–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1381612825666190312102444.

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Depressive disorders represent protean psychiatric illnesses with heterogeneous clinical manifestations and a multitude of comorbidities leading to severe disability. In spite of decades of research on the pathophysiogenesis of these disorders, the wide variety of pharmacotherapies currently used to treat them is based on the modulation of monoamines, whose alteration has been considered the neurobiological foundation of depression, and consequently of its treatment. However, approximately one third to a half of patients respond partially or become refractory to monoamine-based therapies, ther

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Taylor, Tonya N., W. Michael Caudle, and Gary W. Miller. "VMAT2-Deficient Mice Display Nigral and Extranigral Pathology and Motor and Nonmotor Symptoms of Parkinson's Disease." Parkinson's Disease 2011 (2011): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2011/124165.

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Dopamine is transported into synaptic vesicles by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT2; SLC18A2). Disruption of dopamine storage has been hypothesized to damage the dopamine neurons that are lost in Parkinson's disease. By disrupting vesicular storage of dopamine and other monoamines, we have created a progressive mouse model of PD that exhibits catecholamine neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta and locus coeruleus and motor and nonmotor symptoms. With a 95% reduction in VMAT2 expression, VMAT2-deficient animals have decreased motor function, progressive deficits in olfactor

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Venkatesham, Akena, J. Venkateshwar Rao, K. Vijay Kumar, M. Sarangapani, and Krishna Devarakonda. "Effect of dialkyl- [2-(1-oxa-3,4,9-triaza-fluoren-2-yl-methoxy)ethyl] amines on biogenic amines: new potential antidepressants." Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 90, no. 12 (2012): 1585–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/y2012-139.

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A thorough survey of the literature has revealed that indole derivatives have shown various central nervous system activities. This study aims to evaluate the antidepressant activity of the newly synthesized dialkyl- [2-(1-oxa-3,4,9-triaza-fluoren-2-yl-methoxy)ethyl] amines and their effect on biogenic amines. In this study, the synthesized compounds were assessed by in-vivo antidepressant models, by forced swim test and tail suspension test in mice and effect of synthesized compounds on biogenic amines in brain in a chronic unpredictable stress model. The test compounds have demonstrated sign

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Hsu, Lieh-Ching, Yu-Jen Ko, Hao-Yuan Cheng, et al. "Antidepressant-Like Activity of the Ethanolic Extract fromUncaria lanosaWallich var.appendiculataRidsd in the Forced Swimming Test and in the Tail Suspension Test in Mice." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/497302.

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This study investigated the antidepressant activity of ethanolic extract ofU. lanosaWallich var.appendiculataRidsd (ULEtOH) for two-weeks administrations by using FST and TST on mice. In order to understand the probable mechanism of antidepressant-like activity of ULEtOHin FST and TST, the researchers measured the levels of monoamines and monoamine oxidase activities in mice brain, and combined the antidepressant drugs (fluoxetine, imipramine, maprotiline, clorgyline, bupropion and ketanserin). Lastly, the researchers analyzed the content of RHY in the ULEtOH. The results showed that ULEtOHexh

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van Vliet, Danique, Els van der Goot, Wiggert G. van Ginkel, et al. "The Benefit of Large Neutral Amino Acid Supplementation to a Liberalized Phenylalanine-Restricted Diet in Adult Phenylketonuria Patients: Evidence from Adult Pah-Enu2 Mice." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (2019): 2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092252.

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Many phenylketonuria (PKU) patients cannot adhere to the severe dietary restrictions as advised by the European PKU guidelines, which can be accompanied by aggravated neuropsychological impairments that, at least in part, have been attributed to brain monoaminergic neurotransmitter deficiencies. Supplementation of large neutral amino acids (LNAA) to an unrestricted diet has previously been shown to effectively improve brain monoamines in PKU mice of various ages. To determine the additive value of LNAA supplementation to a liberalized phenylalanine-restricted diet, brain and plasma monoamine a

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Wu, Ying-Hui, Matthijs G. P. Feenstra, Jiang-Ning Zhou, et al. "Molecular Changes Underlying Reduced Pineal Melatonin Levels in Alzheimer Disease: Alterations in Preclinical and Clinical Stages." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 88, no. 12 (2003): 5898–906. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2003-030833.

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Abstract A disturbed sleep-wake rhythm is common in Alzheimer disease (AD) patients and correlated with decreased melatonin levels and a disrupted circadian melatonin rhythm. Melatonin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid are decreased during the progression of AD neuropathology (as determined by the Braak stages), already in cognitively intact subjects with the earliest AD neuropathology (Braak stages I-II) (preclinical AD). To investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the decreased melatonin levels, we measured monoamines and mRNA levels of enzymes of the melatonin synthesis and its noradrene

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Cataldo, L. R., M. L. Mizgier, D. Busso та ін. "Serotonin- and Dopamine-Related Gene Expression indb/dbMice Islets and in MIN6β-Cells Treated with Palmitate and Oleate". Journal of Diabetes Research 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3793781.

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High circulating nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) concentration, often reported in diabetes, leads to impaired glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) through not yet well-defined mechanisms. Serotonin and dopamine might contribute to NEFA-dependentβ-cell dysfunction, since extracellular signal of these monoamines decreases GSIS. Moreover, palmitate-treatedβ-cells may enhance the expression of the serotonin receptor Htr2c, affecting insulin secretion. Additionally, the expression of monoamine-oxidase type B (Maob) seems to be lower in islets from humans and mice with diabetes compared to

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Beauchaine, Theodore P., Emily Neuhaus, Maureen Zalewski, Sheila E. Crowell, and Natalia Potapova. "The effects of allostatic load on neural systems subserving motivation, mood regulation, and social affiliation." Development and Psychopathology 23, no. 4 (2011): 975–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579411000459.

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AbstractThe term allostasis, which is defined as stability through change, has been invoked repeatedly by developmental psychopathologists to describe long-lasting and in some cases permanent functional alterations in limbic–hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis responding following recurrent and/or prolonged exposure to stress. Increasingly, allostatic load models have also been invoked to describe psychological sequelae of abuse, neglect, and other forms of maltreatment. In contrast, neural adaptations to stress, including those incurred by monoamine systems implicated in (a) mood and emotion

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Naitou, Kiyotada, Hiroyuki Nakamori, Kazuhiro Horii, et al. "Descending monoaminergic pathways projecting to the spinal defecation center enhance colorectal motility in rats." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 315, no. 4 (2018): G631—G637. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00178.2018.

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The central regulating mechanisms of defecation, especially roles of the spinal defecation center, are still unclear. We have shown that monoamines including norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin injected into the spinal defecation center cause propulsive contractions of the colorectum. These monoamines are the main neurotransmitters of descending pain inhibitory pathways. Therefore, we hypothesized that noxious stimuli in the colorectum would activate the descending monoaminergic pathways projecting to the spinal defecation center and that subsequently released endogenous monoamine neurotra

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Abidi, S. M. A., and W. A. Nizami. "Monoamine oxidase in amphistomes and its role in worm motility." Journal of Helminthology 74, no. 4 (2000): 283–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x0000041x.

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AbstractThe quantitative assay of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) activity revealed a higher enzyme level in Explanatum explanatum than Gastrothylax crumenifer. The specific MAO inhibitors, chlorgyline, pargyline, deprenyl and nialamide produced different degrees of interspecific inhibition. The differential effects on enzyme activity of chlorgyline and deprenyl suggests the possible existence of polymorphic forms of the enzyme, MAO-A and MAO-B, in amphistomes. These specific inhibitors also had a differential influence on the in vitro motility of amphistomes, further indicating the invo

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