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Journal articles on the topic 'Monocentrism'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 June 2025

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Salter, Alexander William, and Vlad Tarko. "Polycentric banking and macroeconomic stability." Business and Politics 19, no. 2 (2017): 365–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bap.2016.10.

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AbstractWe contribute to the post-crisis literature on macroeconomic stability by arguing that polycentric banking systems can better achieve stability than monocentric systems. Building on the theories of E. Ostrom, we engage the literature on free banking systems to show that these systems met the requirements of polycentric governance systems, and that the unintentional result of the underlying governance institutions was macroeconomic stability. In contrast, modern central banking, because it is monocentric, lacks important features regarding knowledge aggregation and incentive compatibility conducive to generating macroeconomic stability. We conclude by discussing various legal barriers that stand in the way of a transition from monetary monocentrism to monetary polycentrism.

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Alferov, A. A. "Polycentrism versus Universalism in the Picture of the Social World." Herald of the Russian Academy of Sciences 92, S7 (2022): S574—S580. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1019331622130135.

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Abstract The principle of monocentrism in building a picture of the social world is opposed to the principle of polycentrism. Certain trends substantiating the principle of monocentrism, on the one hand, and the principle of polycentrism, on the other, are considered. The justification of monocentrism is universalism—of man, human consciousness, human history. In anthropology, polycentrism is based on the idea of the sociocultural conditioning of man, while in the philosophy of history, it is based on the concept of history as the development of individual isolated cultures or civilizations. The multiplicity of civilizations creates a polycentric picture of the social world. Russia is both a state and a civilization. Russia has attracted adjacent states, primarily in the post-Soviet space, into its civilizational field and has become the core state of Eurasian civilization. However, even in isolation, without adjacent states, the Russian Federation is a civilization. Possible contents of the ideology of Russian civilization are also considered.

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Serebriakov, Anatoliy А., and Daria R. Zheleznyak. "The interaction of the structural construction principles in the F.M. Dostoevsky’s novel “The Idiot”." Neophilology, no. 2 (2022): 303–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/2587-6953-2022-8-2-303-311.

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The peculiarities of the principles of structural construction of the novel “The Idiot” by F.M. Dostoevsky and the analysis of each identified structural principle separately are studied. The aim of the work is to attempt to answer the question of how dualism, dialogism, monocentrism and “polyphony” can coexist within one artistic whole as structure-forming elements of the text. The relevance of this approach is due to the fact that the study of the structure of the novel “The Idiot” often takes place in the context of one of the identified structural principles, which, in turn, limits the overall picture of the perception of the text. Based on the structural and hermeneutic approaches, we came to the following conclusions: all the main construction’s principles of the novel are determined by the peculiarities of the image of Prince Myshkin, who in corresponding to the general dichotomous nature of “The Idiot”, is himself ambivalent and fundamentally dialogical; through the openness to the dialogue at the level of plot and composition of the text, a monocentric movement towards the figure of Myshkin is implemented; but starting from the second part of the novel, the polyphonic non-fusion voices-consciousness of other characters supplant the “voice” of the prince, revealing his immanent “non-embodiment”. Thus, the metapoetics of “The Idiot” determines the features of the structural construction of the text, where the “synthetic” hero exists in a special novel structure, which is a multidimensional polystructural combination based on the principles of dialogism, dualism, monocentrism and polyphonism.

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Šaulauskas, Marius Povilas, and Alfredas Bumblauskas. "TRYS ACADEMIA EUROPEANA LEMTYS IR UNIVERSITAS VILNENSIS." Problemos 76 (January 1, 2009): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/problemos.2009.0.1946.

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Straipsnyje teigiama, kad universitas, arba Academia Europeana, – tai visų pirma vertybinė, o ne ekonominė, profesinė ar politinė kategorija. Aksiologinė universitetinę erdvę vienijanti struktūra trilypė, ją sudaro trijų skirtingų epochų vertybiniai kodai. Pirma, viduramžių polilogas, pagrįstas multicentrizmo principu ir netarpišku kompetencijos perteikimu. Antra, modernusis statizmas ir scientizmas, besiremiantis nacionaliniu monocentrizmu ir tarpišku, rašytiniu, ir netarpišku, žodiniu, kompetencijos perteikimu. Trečia, šiuolaikinis ekonomizmas ir globalizmas, palaikomas transnacionalinio monocentrizmo ir įtarpintos kompetencijos perteikimo instrumentarijumi. Parodoma, kad Vilniaus universitetas turi visų trijų paradigmų reiškimosi tarpsnius, o Lietuvos Tūkstantmečio idėja yra postūmis konceptualiai permąstyti Vilniaus universiteto patirtis. Straipsnyje parodoma, kad visi trys Academia Europeana vertybiniai dariniai Vilniaus universiteto, matomo kaip europinės universitetinės erdvės „kraštutinio krašto“, istorijoje patyrė esminę radikalizaciją, tačiau išsaugojo prasmių universiteto tradicijas. Tvirtinama, kad tvari universitetinio išsilavinimo plėtra neįmanoma be darnios visų trijų istoriškai susiklosčiusių vertybinių klodų plėtotės, kurios pagrindą sudaro klasikinio polilogo – iš rankų į rankas perduodamos egzistencinės prasmės paieškõs – tradicija.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: Europos universitetai, Vilniaus universitetas, išsilavinimo aksiologija, aukštasis mokslas, Bolonijos procesas.The Threefold of Academia Europeana: A Case of Universitas VilnensisMarius Povilas Šaulauskas, Alfredas Bumblauskas SummaryThe article argues that universitas or Academia Europeana is, first and foremost, a category of value and not an economic, professional or political entity. Axiological structure that unites the university habitat is threefold. It consists of the three clusters of values coming from the different epochs. First, polylogue of the Middle Ages based on the principle of multicentrism and unmediated, face to face sharing of competence. Second, modern statism and scientism founded in the national monocentrism and a combination of mediated, written, and unmediated, verbal, sharing of competence. Third, modern economism and globalism supported by the national monocentrism and the instrumentation of mediated sharing of competence. It has been showed that Vilnius University possesses all three value clusters, while the idea of the millennium of Lithuania serves as an impetus to conceptually recapture the historic experiences of Vilnius University. The article shows that the three value formations of the Academia Europeana in the history of Vilnius University, which is posited as the extreme edge of the European university habitat, underwent an essential, even extreme, radicalization. It has been argued, that sustainable development of university education is unthinkable without the consonant development of all three historically formed clusters of values, the most important of which still continues to be centered around the tradition of classical polylogue – unmediated search for existential values that is carefully passed on from hands to hands and from generation to generation.Keywords: European Universities, Vilnius University, axiology of education, higher education, Bologna process.an>

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Muñiz, Ivan, and Andrés Dominguez. "The Impact of Urban Form and Spatial Structure on per Capita Carbon Footprint in U.S. Larger Metropolitan Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (2020): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010389.

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Different studies have estimated cities’ contribution to total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions at between forty and seventy percent. According to the so-called Compact City Approach, high density and centrality should lead to low GHG. This study compares the effect of the urban density and spatial structure (monocentrism, polycentrism, and dispersion) of the main U.S. cities on their greenhouse gas emissions from mobility and housing. The estimated models include control variables in order to improve the statistical adjustment, these variables are grouped into three categories: basic controls as temperature and Gross Domestic Product (GDP); historical-demographic controls since 1900; and geographic-urban planning controls. The results detect an environmentally positive effect, albeit a moderate one, associated with monocentric and polycentric spatial structures as compared to dispersed structures. Within the tradition of urban planning, these results can be used as an argument to stop the dispersed decentralization of cities. However, the efficacy of some policies encouraging density should be accompanied by specific policies which increase the energy efficiency of housing and promote the use of public transport.

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Rossinskiy, B. V. "Legislative Support for the Unity of Executive Bodies in the Context of Systems Theory." Actual Problems of Russian Law 17, no. 9 (2022): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2022.142.9.011-021.

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The paper argues for the need for a systematic approach to the totality of executive bodies at different levels. The paper determines inevitability of the spread of the postulates of general systems theory, in particular the system principles of conjugation, ingression and monocentrism over them. The author analyzed the norms of Russian legislation contributing to the implementation of these principles and aimed at achieving the unity of executive bodies. Special attention is paid in the paper to the analysis of the constitutional provision that local self-government bodies and state authorities are part of a single system of public power. It is noted that this provision has led to the emergence of a new architecture of the public administration system, including an intermediate link between state bodies and territorial entities of the country and their population. It is argued that the formation of such an intermediate link — local self-government — from the standpoint of systems theory is nothing more than the implementation of system principles in the practice of public administration. The author examines the monocentrism development in public administration. It has resulted in the strengthening of trends towards the general centralization of the executive system in the Russian Federation under the leadership of the President of the Russian Federation, and it is proved that this contributes to further strengthening of the unity of executive bodies. It is concluded that the current Russian legislation as a whole ensures the achievement of a sufficient level of unity of the bodies under consideration.

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Faryadi, Masoud. "Institutional challenges of monocentric climate governance in the legal system of Iran." Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law 26, no. 2 (2023): 143–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/apjel.2023.02.01.

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Iran has, over the last approximately two decades, started to address climate change in its legal system through a number of regulations and institutional arrangements. However, due to various multidimensional challenges, Iran has not achieved considerable success in its climate action. This article examines Iran’s institutional challenges in climate change administration, and discovers that one of the main barriers to its progress in climate action is monocentric climate governance. While it is emphasized that climate governance should be participatory and polycentric to be able to improve climate action, climate governance in Iran is based on a command and control and hierarchical model of governance, which leads to some restrictive institutional challenges. This article recognizes two main institutional challenges of climate governance in Iran’s legal system: first, governmental monocentrism in which the central government is the main actor in climate governance; and, second, inadequate institutional arrangements in climate administration. Consequently, on the one hand, non-governmental bodies, the business sector, and civil society struggle to participate positively in all processes of climate change administration. On the other hand, the relevant governmental institutions are not well-prepared for effective and coordinated climate action. In order to improve its climate policy and action, Iran needs to mitigate these institutional barriers promoting polycentric climate governance in its legal system and diversifying actors, actions, sections and instruments.

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Shvorina, K. V. "SPACE OF THE BORDER TERRITORY OF THE TRANSBAIKAL TERRITORY: PROCESSES OF COMPRESSION AND MONOCENTRISM." Успехи современного естествознания (Advances in Current Natural Sciences), no. 8 2018 (2018): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/use.36857.

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Sarvazyan, Lilit. "Levon Shant’s Arguments On Independence As National-Spiritual And Civilization Factor." Fundamental Armenology 1 (July 14, 2022): 108–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.54503/1829-4618-2022.1(15)-108.

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The article analyzes the political-philosophical concept of Levon Shant, a prominent Armenian thinker of the XIX-XX centuries. Shant substantiates the idea of polycentrism denying monocentrism in intercivilization relations. He believes all civilizations are displayed by individual uniqueness conditioned by people’s national and cultural originality. He stresses the national factor which reveals more profound qualities. According to the Armenian scholar’s theory, the nation is “an organism producing civilization’’ and the nationality is the fundamental principle to identify people. He refuses the aspects according to which the national and nations disappear during the process of civilization. On the contrary, the development of civilization is the key condition for nations’ prosperity, independence, equality of rights, manifestation of national and political identity, as well as for the solution to national problems.

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Turner, Colin. "The governance of polycentric national infrastructure systems: Evidence from the UK National Infrastructure Plan." Environment and Planning C: Politics and Space 36, no. 3 (2017): 513–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399654417717068.

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Conventionally how states ‘infrastructured’ was based around the monocentrism of the positive state. The progressive liberalisation of infrastructure over the past three decades has given rise to polycentric national infrastructure systems (NIS). This polycentric NIS exhibits a higher degree of structural, spatial and operational complexity with the state being one player though it still plays a prominent role not just through its own activities but also in seeking to steer the system to meet its territorial objectives. This is done through the formal interaction between hard and soft infrastructure (with the later characterised by themes of sustainability, consistency and criticality) components of the NIS. These themes are explored through an analysis of the UK’s National Infrastructure Plan where – it is argued – the formation of the UK NIS is characterised by a strategy of sustainable polycentrism though this strategy has yet to deliver the investment anticipated.

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Wiśniewski, Jakub Bożydar. "Legal Polycentrism and Contractarianism." Ekonomia 23, no. 2 (2017): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2084-4093.23.2.5.

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Legal Polycentrism and ContractarianismAccording to the contractarian perspective, a public good can be thought of as not so much a good that meets the technical neoclassical criteria of non-rivalness and non-excludability, but as one that is produced on a purely contractual basis, thus necessarily increasing the utility of all the involved parties. In this paper, by critically examining Nozick’s “emergent” contractarianism and Buchanan’s teleological contractarianism, I shall argue that no such contractual origin can be plausibly attributed to territorial monopolies of force, and that therefore legal monocentrism — the view that the public goods of law and defense can be provided exclusively by territorial monopolies of force — fails the relevant efficiency test as conceived on a contractarian basis. This, in turn, implies that legal polycentrism, one of whose constitutive features is precisely its unambiguously voluntary and contractual character, should be considered as a superior system in this context.

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Semenova, V. G. "Monocentrism Regional Authorities: Political and Legal Study of Regional Political Regimes (on the Example of Saratov Region)." Sociology. Politology 15, no. 4 (2015): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/1818-9601-2015-15-4-69-73.

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Gaivoronsky, Yury, and Yulian Balandin. "Patronage Networks and Elite Cohesion in Russia: Evidence from the Recruitment of the Gubernatorial Corps." Russian Politics 10, no. 1 (2025): 22–50. https://doi.org/10.30965/24518921-01001002.

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Abstract How is elite cohesion possible in a patronalistic regime? Drawing on the theory of patronal politics and social network analysis, it is shown that the federal-level elites have been involved in the decision-making with respect to the recruitment of the gubernatorial corps in Russia. The analysis has revealed a clear pattern towards the complexity and monocentrism accompanied with the growing levels of cohesion of the patronal network that combines governors and their federal patrons. It allows the authors to argue that subnational appointments can be considered as a power-sharing tool for the ruling elite. The evolution of the network structure, though with some time delay, refers to the stages ranging from a competing to a single-pyramid system in terms of Henry Hale. Over the period, elites close to the president have almost monopolized the recruitment of governors. On the other hand, the number of patrons grows gradually, preserving the increase in the levels of network cohesion.

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Prior, Tahnee Lisa. "Breaking the Wall of Monocentric Governance: Polycentricity in the Governance of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Arctic." Yearbook of Polar Law Online 5, no. 1 (2013): 185–232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116427-91000123.

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Abstract We often mistakenly assume that institutional design will remain effective indefinitely. Complex long-term environmental challenges illuminate the disparity between institutions and state boundaries. While globalization has challenged monocentrism, we must look beyond traditional measures and design resilient governance systems, such as polycentric governance, that combine trust and local expertise in small-scale governance with the governance capacity of large-scale systems. These harness globalization’s benefits and provide solutions for the effects of ecosystem changes. This work examines the lessons – benefits, challenges, limitations, and unanswered questions – that may be learned from polycentric governance in the case of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in the Arctic, where a polycentric political system has developed as a result of a mismatch in environmental, jurisdictional, and temporal scales. Section One examines characteristics of polycentricity, focusing on actors, multilevel governance, degree of formality, and the nature of interactions. Section Two concentrates on the tools utilized. Section Three applies the outlined framework. Finally, Section Four examines three lessons that global environmental governance may learn from the case study: (1) Peak organizations are effective tools for managing polycentricity, allowing for the inclusion of non-state actors, such as indigenous peoples organizations (2) and epistemic communities (3), in bridging the human-environment nexus.

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Zelenskii, Aleksandr Aleksandrovich, and Andrei Armovich Gribkov. "Ontological aspects of the problem of realizability of control of complex systems." Философская мысль, no. 12 (December 2023): 21–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2023.12.68807.

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The article deals with the management of complex systems. The general definitions of the concepts "control" and "control system" are formulated. It is stated that the control system in its basis is an information system, for which the most important characteristics are performance and rapidity. Definitions are given and differences between these characteristics are revealed. The problem of realizability of control of complex systems is stated, which consists in the necessity of providing sufficient rapidity, at which the whole necessary complex of control operations is placed in the control cycle. The relationship between the control parameters: the complexity of the control object, the duration of the control cycle and the rapidity of the control system is investigated. As a result, a number of significant dependencies are revealed: the duration of the control cycle is approximately inversely proportional to the complexity of the control object; the rapidity of the control system is approximately proportional to the square of the object complexity. It is stated that within the framework of the general theory of systems there are two main options for increasing the stability of a complex system: the option of monocentrism with a central element, or by increasing the number of links in the object. The first option does not allow increasing rapidity. The second variant of stability can be implemented in practice in the form of a decentralized system. The latter option is universally realized in living systems and is promising for the control of technical systems.

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Borgoiakova, T. G., and A. V. Guseinova. "BILINGUALISM AND LANGUAGE ATTITUDES OF RESIDENTS OF THE REPUBLICS OF SOUTHERN SIBERIA IN THE CONTEXT OF URBANIZATION." Siberian Philological Forum 16, no. 4 (2021): 4–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25146/2587-7844-2021-16-4-88.

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Statement of the problem. The article examines the problems of co-functioning of the state languages of the republics of Southern Siberia in the context of urbanization processes that affect the acceleration of ethnocultural and linguistic assimilation of minority ethnic groups. The purpose of the article is to identify the features of the development of national-Russian bilingualism in the context of the linguistic attitudes of the speakers of the second state languages – Altai, Tuvan and Khakass, in the urban communicative space of the republics of southern Siberia. Research results indicate the commonality of bilingualism development in the three republics of Southern Siberia, determined by its legislatively enshrined status. The features of the actual use of its components correlate with the historically established ethno-demographic structure of the population, the pace and monocentrism of urbanization in the capital cities. Language attitudes of urban residents of the three republics in relation to the second state languages are generally positive, however, they are differentiated in the context of the ethnicity of the respondents, correlating with the ingrained social and ethno-identification attitudes in relation to languages of different status, which determines their communicative power. The metropolitan respondents of the titular nationalities demonstrate more positive linguistic attitudes in terms of their readiness to support the second state languages in comparison with the Russian respondents. At the same time, the level of fluency in all types of speech activity in native languages among young people in the capitals of the republics of Southern Siberia is lower than in rural areas.

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Schubert, Veit, Mateusz Zelkowski, Sonja Klemme, and Andreas Houben. "Similar Sister Chromatid Arrangement in Mono- and Holocentric Plant Chromosomes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 149, no. 3 (2016): 218–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000447681.

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Due to the X-shape formation at somatic metaphase, the arrangement of the sister chromatids is obvious in monocentric chromosomes. In contrast, the sister chromatids of holocentric chromosomes cannot be distinguished even at mitotic metaphase. To clarify their organization, we differentially labelled the sister chromatids of holocentric Luzula and monocentric rye chromosomes by incorporating the base analogue EdU during replication. Using super-resolution structured illumination microscopy (SIM) and 3D rendering, we found that holocentric sister chromatids attach to each other at their contact surfaces similar to those of monocentrics in prometaphase. We found that sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) are distributed homogeneously along the whole holocentric chromosomes of Luzula, and that their occurrence is increased compared to monocentric rye chromosomes. The SCE frequency of supernumerary B chromosomes, present additionally to the essential A chromosome complement of rye, does not differ from that of A chromosomes. Based on these results, models of the sister chromatid arrangement in mono- and holocentric plant chromosomes are presented.

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L'Hostis, Alain, and Hervé Baptiste. "A transport network for a City network in the Nord-Pas-de-Calais region: linking the performance of the public transport service with the perspectives of a monocentric or a polycentric urban system." European Journal of Spatial Development (EJSD) 4, no. 2 (2006): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5136992.

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The objective of this contribution is to establish a method linking the performance of the regional rail transport network and two principles of territorial organisation around a central pole (monocentric option) or in a city network (polycentric option), applied to the Région Nord-Pas-de-Calais in France. The first step here is to define a set of urban centres, on which the spatial organisation principles are applied. The analysis of the quality of transport service is established from an indicator expressing the possibility to accomplish daily trips between two cities with a ‘fast train at the right moment’ from home and back. The method allows us to analyse the answer of the transport system to expressed or potential demand, but it is also used to analyse the spatial organisation of the system and to link it to spatial planning objectives. From this point of view, the organisation of the Région Nord-Pas-de-Calais appears more to exhibit a monocentric pattern around Lille than to lend significant support to the polycentric idea. The promotion of such a polycentric organisation will then only be possible through a voluntarist regional planning policy.

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Rye, B. J. "Review and Critique of the Quantitative Literature Regarding Attitudes toward Consensual Non-Monogamy (CNM)." Sexes 5, no. 2 (2024): 120–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sexes5020010.

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This paper is a review of the recent literature on attitudes toward consensual non-monogamy (CNM). These attitudes are constrained to evaluations of people who practice CNM, CNM relationships, and CNM concepts; willingness to engage in or personal interest in practicing CNM is not included in this review. Relevant published research was located through database searches, as well as by perusing references and citations. Based on over two dozen investigations, it is concluded that average attitudes toward CNM are around neutral, with some slightly negative and some slightly positive. Studies taking a comparative perspective—whereby monogamous couples are pitted against CNM couples—overwhelmingly find more favorable attitudes toward monogamy. This literature supports assertions of the prevalence of monocentrism/compulsory monogamy. Further, some researchers investigated sociodemographic and psychological variables as predictors of CNM attitudes. Considering demographic characteristics, those who identify as monogamous and heterosexual tend to be more negative toward CNM relative to their counterparts, and most of the research suggests there are no gender differences in CNM attitudes. In terms of psychological variables, those reflecting authoritarian ideological values tended to predict CNM attitudes the best. The psychological variables are interpreted within the broader dual-process motivational model of prejudice with attention to authoritarianism and social dominance. To conclude, measurement issues are discussed, existing instruments are critiqued, and recommendations are made for which instruments are appropriate for different research goals. Specifically, the Attitudes towards Polyamory scale is a concise, unidimensional instrument with sound psychometric properties, making it a good general assessment of polyamory or CNM. Created using excellent test construction techniques, the Multidimensional Measurement of Attitudes toward Consensual Non-Monogamy (MACS) is a very promising belief-based CNM attitudes scale with three factors. Finally, directions for future research are discussed with an emphasis on differentiating between beliefs and attitudes as suggested by attitude theory, with most CNM attitude scales conflating the former with the latter.

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Sungurov, Aleksandr. "Evolution of the legislative assembly of St. Petersburg (1995–2007)." Vlast i Elity (Power and Elites) 11, no. 3 (2024): 58–99. https://doi.org/10.31119/pe.2024.11.3.3.

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The evolution of the Legislative Assembly of St. Petersburg of the first three convocations (1995–2007) is considered, as well as briefly the activities of the Leningrad (after September 1991 — St. Petersburg) City Council of the XXI convocation (Lensovet). In these convocations, deputies were elected according to the majority system in 50 electoral districts. The most effective was the activity of the first convocation of the Legislative Assembly, which worked from the end of 1994 to the end of 1998. It was by the forces of the deputies of this convocation that the constitution of the city — subject of the Russian Federation was prepared and adopted — the Charter of St. Petersburg, which laid down the principles of separation and balance of powers, and also provided for the creation of the Statutory Court of St. Petersburg and the Institute of the Commissioner for Human Rights in St. Petersburg. This was achieved largely due to the high-quality composition of the Legislative Assembly, in which one third of deputies were deputies of the Leningrad City Council before that. As part of the activities of the Second Convocation of the Legislative Assembly (1999–2002), the law “On the Statutory Court of St. Petersburg” was adopted, and the Charter Court itself was elected. He made it possible to strengthen the system of checks and balances of the branches of regional government, and in his 2002 decisions, in particular, decided that the election of Governor V.A. Yakovlev for a third term would contradict the city Charter. During this period, the pressure of the executive power of St. Petersburg on deputies was partially offset by pressure from the Plenipotentiary Representative of the President of the Russian Federation. The third convocation (2003–2007) was characterized by a further strengthening of monocentrism and the emergence of the dominant faction of the United Russia Party. Under pressure from the Governor of St. Petersburg, deputies made serious amendments to the law “On the Statutory Court of St. Petersburg”, which significantly reduced its independence.

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Lukaszewski, Adam J. "Construction of midget chromosomes in wheat." Genome 40, no. 4 (1997): 566–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g97-074.

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To test the usefulness of breakage–fusion–bridge (BFB) cycles in generating new chromosome aberrations in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and to extend the range of aberrations available, a series of midget chromosomes was produced from the long arm of chromosome 1B. Using a reverse tandem duplication initiated chromatid type BFB cycle, the 1BL arm was broken and fused with centromeres of either chromosome 5BL or 1RS to form dicentric chromosomes. The 1R and 5B centromeres were broken by centric misdivision. Among the progenies of plants with dicentric chromosomes, two classes of monocentric chromosomes were selected: deficient chromosomes 1B and chromosomes that had 1RS or 5BL for one arm and various fragments of 1BL for the other arm. Following centric misdivision of these monocentrics, midget chromosomes 1BL were isolated: deficient and deletion telocentrics and telocentrics derived from interstitial regions of 1BL. By chance, one deficient chromosome 1BS and one deletion chromosome 1BS were identified in unrelated lines of the same wheat. Following centric misdivision of these chromosomes, two midget chromosomes covering the whole of 1BS were added to the set.Key words: breakage–fusion–bridge cycle, centric misdivision, chromosome aberrations.

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Marques, André, Tiago Ribeiro, Pavel Neumann, et al. "Holocentromeres in Rhynchospora are associated with genome-wide centromere-specific repeat arrays interspersed among euchromatin." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 44 (2015): 13633–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512255112.

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Holocentric chromosomes lack a primary constriction, in contrast to monocentrics. They form kinetochores distributed along almost the entire poleward surface of the chromatids, to which spindle fibers attach. No centromere-specific DNA sequence has been found for any holocentric organism studied so far. It was proposed that centromeric repeats, typical for many monocentric species, could not occur in holocentrics, most likely because of differences in the centromere organization. Here we show that the holokinetic centromeres of the Cyperaceae Rhynchospora pubera are highly enriched by a centromeric histone H3 variant-interacting centromere-specific satellite family designated “Tyba” and by centromeric retrotransposons (i.e., CRRh) occurring as genome-wide interspersed arrays. Centromeric arrays vary in length from 3 to 16 kb and are intermingled with gene-coding sequences and transposable elements. We show that holocentromeres of metaphase chromosomes are composed of multiple centromeric units rather than possessing a diffuse organization, thus favoring the polycentric model. A cell-cycle–dependent shuffling of multiple centromeric units results in the formation of functional (poly)centromeres during mitosis. The genome-wide distribution of centromeric repeat arrays interspersing the euchromatin provides a previously unidentified type of centromeric chromatin organization among eukaryotes. Thus, different types of holocentromeres exist in different species, namely with and without centromeric repetitive sequences.

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Li Ruolan, 李若兰, 王洋 Wang Yang, 徐乾智 Xu Qianzhi, 张磊 Zhang Lei та 付跃刚 Fu Yuegang. "同心反射式手机镜头相对照度改善方法". Infrared and Laser Engineering 52, № 5 (2023): 20220763. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/irla20220763.

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Ammari, Smail. "Laparoscopic Appendectomy: About a Prospective Monocentric Series of 251 Cases." International Journal of Surgery & Surgical Techniques 8, no. 1 (2024): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/ijsst-16000210.

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Thanks to numerous studies comparing laparoscopic appendectomy and open appendectomy, laparoscopic appendectomy has become the gold standard in young women. However, its role in the management of acute appendicitis in men remains controversial. The aim of our study was to assess the feasibility, reproducibility, technical difficulties, and identify the advantages and disadvantages of laparoscopic appendectomy. Materials and Methods: Prospective monocentric descriptive feasibility study. We included all adult patients over 15 years of age, operated on for acute appendicitis over 36 months (February 2019-February 2022). Results: A total of 251 patients were operated on for acute appendicitis. The mean age of our patients was 34 years ± 14 years (range 15 - 82 years). Male predominance in (57.37%). Intraoperatively, the phlegmonous form was the most frequent (148 patients = 58.97%). The appendix was often located in the internal latero-caecal position (120 patients = 47.81%). The mean operating time was 37.06 ± 15.76 minutes (range 21 to 97 minutes). Only one conversion was recorded (0.4%). The rate of postoperative complications was (3.58%), including 03 (1.19%) deep collections of the right iliac fossa. Pain assessed on the visual analog scale (VAS) was often of low intensity (176 patients = 70.12%). Conclusion: In addition to the well-known advantages of laparoscopic approach, our results have shown the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic appendectomy.

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Wynne, Charles G. "Monocentric Telescopes For Microlithography." Optical Engineering 26, no. 4 (1987): 264300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.7974070.

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Anas, Alex, Richard J. Arnott, and Kenneth A. Small. "The Panexponential Monocentric Model." Journal of Urban Economics 47, no. 2 (2000): 165–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.1999.2137.

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Baumont, Catherine, and Jean-Marie Huriot. "The monocentric model and after." Recherches économiques de Louvain 64, no. 1 (1998): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0770451800004140.

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SummaryVon Thünen's monocentric model is considered as one of the foundations of spatial economics. Most of its assumptions have been transfered from agricultural to urban space by New Urban Economics. This transposition gave new impetus both to the monocentric model and to urban economics. Yet the urban monocentric model, because of its strong economic and spatial assumptions, fails to explain the formation of cities. The economics of agglomeration, and more generally New Economic Geography, propose to solve this problem by considering endogenous formation of spatial concentrations, i.e. by changing radically the approach of space. We attempt to identify the lines of continuity and the main changes from von Thünen to contemporary urban microeconomics, and to understand in what way continuity is an obstacle to innovation, and how change has made it possible to renew urban economics.

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Pang, Wubin, and David J. Brady. "Galilean monocentric multiscale optical systems." Optics Express 25, no. 17 (2017): 20332. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.25.020332.

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Berry, Brian J. L., and Hak-Min Kim. "Challenges to the Monocentric Model." Geographical Analysis 25, no. 1 (2010): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1993.tb00275.x.

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Arrieta, M. I., E. Gonzalez, and C. M. Lostao. "Subclassification of spiral monocentric whorls." International Journal of Anthropology 2, no. 2 (1987): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02442357.

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Merghit, Rachid, Ikhlas Gueriane, Mouloud Ait Athmane, and Abdelhak Lakehal. "Prise en charge de la maladie poly artérielle : résultats d’une étude transversale monocentrique à l’est Algérien." Batna Journal of Medical Sciences (BJMS) 8, no. 1 (2021): 19–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.48087/bjmsoa.2021.8104.

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Introduction. The rates of atherosclerotic disease as well as its multifocal aspects have been increasing significantly. It is important to know these associations to ensure comprehensive management of this category of patients. Aim. To estimate the frequency of the principal peripheral atherosclerotic associations in patients with coronary artery disease referred to cardiology in the University Hospital of Constantine. Methods. Our study is descriptive, cross-sectional, and mono-centric carried out in the unit of cardiovascular investigations of the Regional Military University Hospital of Constantine. The included patients had at least one significant coronary lesion ≥50 in a principal coronary artery. All our patients underwent an ultrasound evaluation (supra-aortic trunk echo-Doppler, Doppler Ultrasound of the aorta and lower limbs). Data were processed using SPSS Statistics V22. Results. The frequency of the association of Peripheral Artery Disease and Coronary Artery Disease was 34.7% representing the most frequent association. A hemodynamic carotid lesion (≥ 50%) and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm were associated respectively with Coronary Artery Disease in 12% and 4.6% of patients in the current study. The triple association of coronary artery disease, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm, and hemodynamic carotid disease was observed in 2.67%, whereas the triple association of Peripheral Artery Disease, coronary artery disease, and carotid stenosis≥50% was observed in 6.67%. The frequency of the association of coronary artery disease, Peripheral Artery Disease, and Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm was estimated at 3, 66%. The therapeutic strategy for multi-focal atherosclerotic disease is still discussed, but coronary artery disease dominates the prognosis. Conclusion. Carrying out a comprehensive assessment of patients with coronary artery disease helps significantly in establishing an adapted and pertinent management with an acceptable BenefitCost Ratio. Keywords: coronary artery disease; peripheral atheromatous disease; pan-vascular therapy.

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Gladkyj, A. "The peculiarities of delimitation of the territory of Lviv industrial agglomerations." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 36 (May 15, 2009): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2009.36.2962.

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The methodical approaches to delimitation of monocentric industrial agglomerations based on investigation of agglomeration effect of the territory are disclosed. The borders of Lviv industrial agglomeration using above-mentioned model are defined. Key words: delimitation of monocentric industrial agglomerations, agglomeration effect of the terri- tory, Lviv industrial agglomeration.

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Liu, Kaiqu, and Guofeng Wang. "How Does the Spatial Structure of Innovation Agglomeration Affect Energy Efficiency? From the Role of Industrial Structure Upgrading." Energies 17, no. 16 (2024): 3977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17163977.

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This paper employs the instrumental variable method and the intermediary model to explore the influence of monocentric and polycentric spatial structures of innovation agglomeration on energy efficiency. This paper uses data from 2010 to 2021 in China, and also panel data regression models were used. The findings indicate that the monocentric spatial structure of provincial system innovation agglomeration is primarily concentrated in northeastern and western regions of China, whereas the polycentric spatial structure is mainly distributed in eastern coastal areas. A monocentric spatial structure inhibits the enhancement of energy efficiency, but there is an environmental paradox of excessive resource agglomeration. In contrast, a polycentric spatial structure and its strengthening tendency facilitate the improvement of energy efficiency. A monocentric spatial structure has an inhibitory impact on the improvement of energy efficiency in the three sectors of agriculture, industry, and construction, while a polycentric spatial structure aids it. A monocentric spatial structure further hinders the improvement of energy efficiency by impeding the upgrading of the industrial structure, while the upgrading of the industrial structure driven by the polycentric spatial structure plays a role in enhancing energy efficiency. The policy recommendations of this paper are intended to help coordinate the pace of innovation development between cities, adjust the spatial structure of innovation agglomeration between regions, and promote the upgrading of the comprehensive industrial structure, thereby improving overall energy efficiency.

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Kilani, Moez, Fabien Leurent, and André de Palma. "Monocentric City with Discrete Transit Stations." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2144, no. 1 (2010): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2144-05.

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Maniscalco, Giorgia Teresa, Valentino Manzo, Massimo Napolitano, et al. "Autoimmune encephalitis: A retrospective monocentric experience." Multiple Sclerosis and Related Disorders 55 (October 2021): 103191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2021.103191.

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Marks, Daniel L., Hui S. Son, Jungsang Kim, and David J. Brady. "Engineering a gigapixel monocentric multiscale camera." Optical Engineering 51, no. 8 (2012): 083202–1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.51.8.083202.

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Ott, U., M. Busch, T. Steiner, J. Schubert, and G. Wolf. "Renal Retransplantation: A Retrospective Monocentric Study." Transplantation Proceedings 40, no. 5 (2008): 1345–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.01.068.

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Buonuomo, Paola Sabrina, Gerarda Mastrogiorgio, Marina Macchiaiolo, et al. "Statins in children: A monocentric experience." Journal of Clinical Lipidology 12, no. 5 (2018): 1326–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jacl.2018.06.009.

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Megherbi, N., K. Mouchene, M. A. Bouraghda, et al. "Bioresorbable stent implantation: A monocentric experience." Archives of Cardiovascular Diseases Supplements 12, no. 1 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.acvdsp.2019.09.059.

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Rossetti, V., L. Morlacchi, P. Tarsia, et al. "EVLP: A Monocentric Five Year Experience." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 36, no. 4 (2017): S312—S313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1510.

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Kamusella, Tomasz. "Russian: A Monocentric or Pluricentric Language?" Colloquia Humanistica, no. 7 (December 18, 2018): 153–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/ch.2018.010.

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Russian: A Monocentric or Pluricentric Language?All the world’s ‘big’ languages of international communication (for instance, English, French or Spanish) are pluricentric in their character, meaning, that official varieties of these languages are standardized differently in these states where the aforesaid languages are in official use. The only exception to this tendency is Russian. Despite the fact that Russian is employed in official capacity in numerous post-Soviet states and in Israel, it is still construed as a monocentric language whose single and unified standard is (and must be) solely controlled by Russia. From the perspective of sovereignty, this arrangement affords Moscow a degree of influence and even control over culture and language use in these countries where Russian is official. This fact was consciously noticed and evoked some heated discussions in Ukraine after the Russian annexation of the Ukrainian region of Crimea in 2014. However, thus far, the discussions have not been translated into any official recognition of (let alone encouragement for) state-specific varieties of the Russian language. Rosyjski: język monocentryczny czy pluricentryczny?Wszystkie „duże” języki komunikacji międzynarodowej na świecie (na przykład angielski, francuski lub hiszpański) są pluricentryczne, czyli oficjalne odmiany tych języków są inaczej standaryzowane w tych państwach, w których te języki są używane jako oficjalne. Jedynym wyjątkiem w tym zakresie jest język rosyjski. Pomimo faktu, że rosyjski funkcjonuje jako język oficjalny w wielu państwach postsowieckich oraz w Izraelu i Mongolii, to nadal uważa się go za język monocentryczny, którego normatywnie jednolity standard jest (i musi być) kontrolowany wyłącznie przez Rosję. Układ ten sprzeczny jest z zasadą suwerenności, bowiem zapewnia on Moskwie wpływ, a nawet kontrolę nad kulturą i używaniem języka w tych krajach, w których rosyjski to język urzędowy. Fakt ten został świadomie zauważony i wywołał gorące dyskusje w Ukrainie po rosyjskiej aneksji ukraińskiego regionu Krymu w roku 2014. Jak dotąd dyskusje te jednak nie przełożyły się na żadne oficjalne uznanie przez ukraińskie władze (nie mówiąc już o konkretnymwsparciu) ukraińskiej odmiany języka rosyjskiego.

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Stamenov, Igor, Ilya Agurok, and Joseph E. Ford. "Optimization of high-performance monocentric lenses." Applied Optics 52, no. 34 (2013): 8287. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.52.008287.

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Elliott Moore, James, and Jong-Gook Seo. "REVERSE COMMUTATION IN A MONOCENTRIC CITY*." Journal of Regional Science 31, no. 3 (1991): 291–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9787.1991.tb00149.x.

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Henderson, Vernon, and Eric Slade. "Development Games in Non-monocentric Cities." Journal of Urban Economics 34, no. 2 (1993): 207–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.1993.1034.

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Boarnet, Marlon G. "The Monocentric Model and Employment Location." Journal of Urban Economics 36, no. 1 (1994): 79–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/juec.1994.1027.

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BELIVACĂ, Alina Angelica, Iustina Violeta STAN, Anca BĂLĂNESCU, et al. "Prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergies in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis – a monocentric retrospective study." Romanian Journal of Medical Practice 16, no. 1 (2021): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjmp.2021.1.15.

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Malnutrition continues to be a major issue concerning pediatric cystic fibrosis patients’ medical care. Supplementary diagnostic association with food allergy in a cystic fibrosis patient leads to worse nutritional status decline. This particular association determines low quality of life and life expectance impairment. Low caloric intake, recurrent pulmonary infections, maldigestion and malabsorption, low treatment adherence, genetic susceptibility and chronic infections are all risk factors and/or causes of malnutrition in cystic fibrosis patients. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of IgE mediated food allergies in cystic fibrosis patients. A secondary objective was to assess nutritional status in cystic fibrosis patients with food allergies after exclusion diet. In order to accomplish our objectives, we conducted a descriptive, retrospective study on a 68 pediatric patient cohort with cystic fibrosis (CF). All children were diagnosed and followed in the Regional center for CF of INSMC “Alessandrescu-Rusescu”, Bucharest, between 2011 and 2016. After data collection and statistic analysis we observed a prevalence of 11.7% of food allergies in our cystic fibrosis patients cohort. Also, specific exclusion diet impact on nutritional status was evaluated.

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Zedek, František, Jakub Šmerda, Pavel Veselý, Lucie Horová, Jana Kocmanová, and Petr Bureš. "Elevation-dependent endopolyploid response suggests that plants with holocentric chromosomes are less stressed by UV-B." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 195, no. 1 (2020): 106–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/botlinnean/boaa054.

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Abstract Previous studies suggested that holocentric chromosomes may confer a selective advantage under high ionizing or UV-B radiation due to their tolerance of fragmentation, and that the first plant and animal colonizers of land in the Palaeozoic were or may have been holocentric. Holocentric chromosomes could have, therefore, aided terrestrialization of Earth’s biota half a billion years ago, because leaving water meant facing a sharp increase of UV-B. Because we cannot go back in time, the hypothesis needs to be tested with present-day species using an indicator of UV-B stress. We took advantage of the fact that UV-B intensity increases with elevation and tested whether holocentric plants (six species of Cyperaceae and Juncaceae) are less stressed with increasing elevation than monocentric plants (six species of Poaceae). Phylogenetically corrected regression showed that the proxy for UV-B stress (endopolyploidy index from 671 samples measured by flow cytometry) increased with elevation in holocentric and monocentric species, but the increase was more rapid in monocentric species. Although half a billion year elapsed since terrestrialization, holocentric Cyperaceae and Juncaceae still appear less stressed by UV-B than monocentric Poaceae, despite the other counter UV-B adaptations they both have evolved (graminoid morphology, silica bodies).

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Zhang, Jiyan, Teng Qin, Zhexin Xie, et al. "Design of Airborne Large Aperture Infrared Optical System Based on Monocentric Lens." Sensors 22, no. 24 (2022): 9907. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249907.

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Conventional reconnaissance camera systems have been flown on manned aircraft, where the weight, size, and power requirements are not stringent. However, today, these parameters are important for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). This article provides a solution to the design of airborne large aperture infrared optical systems, based on a monocentric lens that can meet the strict criteria of aerial reconnaissance UAVs for a wide field of view (FOV) and lightness of airborne electro-optical pod cameras. A monocentric lens has a curved image plane, consisting of an array of microsensors, which can provide an image with 368 megapixels over a 100° FOV. We obtained the initial structure of a five-glass (5GS) asymmetric monocentric lens with an air gap, using ray-tracing and global optimization algorithms. According to the design results, the ground sampling distance (GSD) of the system is 0.33 m at 3000 m altitude. The full-field modulation transfer function (MTF) value of the system is more than 0.4 at a Nyquist frequency of 70 lp/mm. We present a primary thermal control method, and the image quality was steady throughout the operating temperature range. This compactness and simple structure fulfill the needs of uncrewed airborne lenses. This work may facilitate the practical application of monocentric lens in UAVs.

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Wang, Yan, and Kai Liu. "Toward Sustainable Urban Development: Exploring the Polycentric Transition of Chinese Cities Through Nighttime Lights." Sustainability 17, no. 5 (2025): 2013. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17052013.

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Studying urban spatial structure (USS) is crucial for advancing sustainable urban development. This study examined the USS of 292 cities in China from 2007 to 2022 using nighttime lights and the Herfindahl–Hirschman Index. The determinants of USS were analyzed through a fixed-effects spatial Durbin model based on the theoretical framework of influencing factors. The findings revealed a nationwide trend toward a polycentric USS across various city types. Economic growth drove the transformation from a monocentric to a polycentric USS. Additionally, the development of postal infrastructure promoted a shift toward a polycentric USS. Transportation infrastructure, industrial structure, residential consumption level, and government intervention were pivotal in shaping a monocentric USS. Regarding spatial spillover effects, transportation infrastructure, industrial structure, and economic growth fostered a polycentric tendency in neighboring cities, whereas government intervention reinforced a monocentric tendency.

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Novelli, Andrea, Sofia Amabili, Beatrice Cicconi, et al. "Implementare la Tecnica Del Buttonhole: Un'esperienza Monocentrica." Giornale di Clinica Nefrologica e Dialisi 29, no. 2 (2017): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33393/gcnd.2017.641.

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