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Beltran, S. "Monogamie et changements de partenaires chez un parasite monogame, Schistosoma mansoni." Phd thesis, Université de Perpignan, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939328.
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La monogamie est un système d'appariement qui lie une seule femelle à un seul mâle. Cette monogamie peut être définie comme sociale et génétique (au-delà de l'observation du couple, la descendance est seulement issue de ce couple, aucun changement de partenaire n'apparaît), ou comme sociale et non génétique (dans ce cas, des infidélités ou des divorces peuvent être observés). Ce système d'appariement est très rare dans le monde animal. Il concerne moins de 1% des animaux et la majeure partie des études sur le monogamie a été réalisée sur des vertébrés (notamment sur les oiseaux dont 90% des espèces présentent ce système monogame). Plus rares sont les études réalisées sur les invertébrés (quelques cas de monogamie étudiée chez des crustacés, des insectes ...). Pourtant l'étude de la monogamie à un niveau taxonomique inférieur permet de comprendre ses caractéristiques en éliminant la complexité sociale (apprentissage, imitation ...) présente chez les vertébrés. Schistosoma mansoni est un parasite (responsable de la bilharziose) qui présente plusieurs aspects intéressants du point de vue système d'appariement : (1) la femelle vit dans le canal gynéchophore de son mâle, nous observons bien un couple formé d'une seule femelle et d'un seul mâle, il s'agit donc d'une monogamie sociale ; (2) S. mansoni est l'espèce monogame de rang taxonomique le plus bas à notre connaissance, ce qui permet d'éliminer au maximum les biais de complexité sociale cités précédemment ; (3) enfin, cette espèce parasite présente des avantages d'un point de vue expérimental : les sexes et génotypes des individus utilisés peuvent et sont contrôlés en laboratoire et des populations "naturellement" clonales sont à notre disposition. C'est pourquoi, nous nous sommes intéressés à la monogamie chez cet invertébré parasite monogame. Plusieurs questions sont développées durant cette thèse : qui est monogame parmi les Schistosomatidae et pourquoi ? Est-ce que une monogamie sociale et génétique ou sociale et non génétique (i.e. des changements de partenaires sont-ils observés) ? Quels sont les facteurs impliqués dans ces changements de partenaire (dissimilarité entre les partenaires du couple, biais de sex ratio en faveur des males, différences neutres, fonctionnelles et phénotypiques entre les mâles, effet du système immunitaire de l'hôte vertébré) ? C'est par l'association de réflexions et d'expérimentations que nous tentons de répondre à ces questions.
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Beltran-Bech, Sophie. "Monogamie et changements de partenaire chez un parasite monogame, Schistosoma mansoni." Perpignan, 2009. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00939328.
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Dorey, Pieter Johannes. "Genesis 2:24 - Locus Classicus vir monogamie? 'n Literêr-historiese ondersoek na perspektiewe op poligamie in die Ou Testament (Afrikaans)." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23492.
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Various Christian societies utilize Genesis 2:24 as locus classicus for monogamy. A literary - historical approach has been followed in this study to show that Genesis 2:24 cannot serve as locus classicus for monogamy only. Monogamy is not the only acceptable marriage form for the Christian faith. Chapter one constitutes the introduction with the problem setting, objectives, method and hypothesis. The hypothesis of this study therefore states that Genesis 2:24 cannot serve as locus classicus for the legitimation of an exclusive monogamous marriage only. This text might also be applicable to poligamous marriage forms. Practical and sosio – cultural considerations influenced Israel and determined their marriage customs. Diachronical perspectives of polygamy are being given in chapter two. Examples from about 2000 BC until 1753 AC of various types of marriages and marriage customs have been investigated to depict the influence of Israel’s practical and socio – cultural circumstances. Socio - cultural influences and demands led to various types of marriages like the levirate, polygamy, endogamy and exogamy. These types of marriages that existed were primarily determined by the demands of social circumstances rather than religious prescriptions. Polygamy was an useful type of marriage to guarantee care, propagation and survival of the family. Chapter three consists of an analytical investigation of the meaning of Genesis 2:24. It’s meaning was investigated in various literary – and historical contexts. Genesis 2-3 is a narrative about the dependent, fallible and mortal man of the earth. Various important themes like death, relationships, social issues, guilt, suffering, punishment etcetera are evident in this narrative. From the analysis it seems that the author(s) / redactor(s) / Bearbeiter(s) of the text had a specific focus with this narrative. He called on man to bow before Yahweh, God of creation. The text especially focused on all people with power and authority. The narrative illustrates that man can never be God or be like God. The post – exilic author(s) / redactor(s) confirm with Genesis 2:4b-3:24 that man should stay humble before and dependant upon God. The text calls on people with power and authority to humble themselves before God. One of the narrative’s functions is to describe man’s hubris and to counter attitude and the hierarchy in various social structures. Genesis 2:24 is probably a later insertion by a redactor / Bearbeiter(s)Thesis (PhD (Old Testament Studies))--University of Pretoria, 2003.Old Testament Studies
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Suhinina, Tanja. "Monogami - oavtalat avtalat." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24852.
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Monogami är normen för förhållanden i Sverige idag. Samtidigt är det relativt outforskat hur man väljer att vara monogam, vad monogami innebär för svenska monogama idag och vilka utmaningar den erbjuder. 20 svenska monogama intervjuades via chattprogram med stöd av intervjuguide för att besvara frågorna “Varför lever man monogamt?”, “Vilka känslomässiga utmaningar ställs man inför som monogam?” samt “Finns det kännetecknande psykologiska mönster för gruppen monogama?”. Tematisk analys av intervjuerna genomfördes. Resultaten pekar på att seriell monogami har en stark position som norm i Sverige. Informanterna framställde en generellt positiv bild av monogami där de var nöjda med sitt relationsval och inte upplevde stora känslomässiga utmaningar. Resultatanalysen komplicerar bilden genom att lyfta fram en framträdande inkongruens mellan vikten som informanter lägger vid överenskommelser kring monogamin i relationen och hur lite de pratar om monogami med sina partners. Ingångar till vidare forskning i ämnet föreslås.
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Lema, París Ánxela. "Deconstruír o erotismo poético desde as non-monogamia : .estudo e relectura da poesía erótica galega e da súa recepción crítica na primeira década do século XXI." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA080027.
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Le but de cette thèse est d'analyser l'influence du système monogame, en tant que système idéologique, au cours du processus de lecture de la poésie érotique galicienne contemporaine publiée entre 2000 et 2010. Notre hypothèse de départ était que, malgré l'annonce de la mort de l'auteur·e au début du XXe siècle, la réception de la poésie érotique se fait sous un angle biographique, car les voix poétiques semblent être sexualisées selon le système sexe-genre, l'orientation sexuelle et l'orientation relationnelle (supposée monogame dans presque tous les cas) de la figure d'auteur·e. Ainsi, nous avons analysé le discours de la critique pour comprendre comment les plaisirs et les affects sont compris dans la poésie érotique publiée pendant cette période. Nous avons également travaillé directement sur les poèmes pour vérifier si la lecture faite par la critique et le public lecteur est la seule possible ou si un certain nombre d'autres lectures concernant les sexualités sont ignorées. Nous avons constaté, en somme, comment un grand nombre de sens divers et transgresseurs, perdus à cause de la pensée hégémonique, peuvent être décodés à partir de la déconstruction du regard lecteur et de l'adoption d'une optique non monogameThe goal of this dissertation is to analyse the influence of the “monogamous system”, as an ideological concept, in the reading process of contemporary Galician erotic poetry published between 2000 and 2010. Our initial hypothesis was that although the end of authorship was announced at the beginning of the twentieth century, the reception of erotic poetry continues to be done from a biographical perspective, since the poetic voices seem to be sexualized following the sex-gender system, sexual orientation and interpersonal relationship (in most cases assumed as monogomous) of the author. We analyse the critics’ discourse to deep dive into how pleasure and affection were perceived during this period. Besides, we deal directly with the poems to understand if these already established readings produced by critics and readers are the only possible ones or if other readings (in relation to sexuality) might be hidden. In short, we establish that, deconstructing the reader’s perspective and adopting a non-monogomous viewpoint, we can decode many diverse and transgressive messages that are lost due to hegemonic ideology
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Dorey, Pieter Johannes. "Genesis 2:24 locus classicus vir monogamie? : 'n literer-historiese ondersoek na perspektiewe op poligamie in die Ou Testament /." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-03262004-112924/.
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Mulard, Hervé. "Implications comportementales de la monogamie stricte : Reconnaissance individuelle et appariement selon des critères génétiques chez la mouette tridactyle, Rissa tridactyla." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00205076.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à la reconnaissance individuelle et au choix du partenaire chez la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla), espèce génétiquement monogame et fidèle à son partenaire d'une saison sur l'autre. Mes expériences démontrent l'existence d'une reconnaissance vocale entre les partenaires d'un couple, ainsi qu'une reconnaissance des parents par les poussins. Des observations empiriques suggèrent que les parents utilisent également le cri pour reconnaître leurs poussins. Ceci pourrait relever d'une stratégie adaptative: les poussins reconnus par leurs parents retournent plus vite au nid lors de leur premier envol, ce qui pourrait diminuer l'énergie dépensée dans des vols stressants ou des batailles avec d'autre résidents. Les analyses ont aussi montré que les distances génétiques entre membre des couples sont plus grandes qu'attendu par chance. Ceci augmente la probabilité d'hétérozygotie des poussins, et donc le succès de reproduction. En effet, le taux d'éclosion augmente avec la distance génétique entre les parents, et les poussins hétérozygotes grandissent plus vite et survivent mieux jusqu'à 25 jours. En outre, les couples formés d'individus génétiquement proches copulent moins souvent, ce qui confirmerait l'influence sur les comportements sexuels de la distance génétique intra couple. Ces résultats posent la question de la perception de la similarité génétique par les partenaires potentiels. Mes résultats préliminaires suggèrent que celle-ci ne semble pas impliquer la voix. En effet, la différence entre les cris ne semble pas corrélée à la distance génétique. Des paramètres olfactifs ou visuels pourraient donc être impliqués. Ces résultats suggèrent que le choix du partenaire pourrait donc être très important chez cette espèce génétiquement monogame.
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Freycon, Julie. "Réseaux social et acoustique du diamant mandarin : importance comportementale et neurophysiologique du lien d'appariement." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010STET4013.
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Le lien d’appariement unissant un mâle et une femelle a été peu exploré chez les Oiseaux, alors que la plupart sont monogames. De plus, l’étude de la monogamie s’est souvent cantonnée à l’exploration des comportements liés à la reproduction et au choix du partenaire. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’identifier les comportements sociaux caractéristiques du lien d’appariement et leurs supports cérébraux chez un passereau social et monogame, le Diamant mandarin (Taeniopygia guttata). Grâce aux concepts de la théorie des réseaux appliqués à l’étude en laboratoire des interactions sociales, cette thèse s’intéresse à la valeur sociale du lien d’appariement. Elle montre qu’il représente un véritable partenariat social, suffisamment favorable pour que se forment des couples homosexuels en cas d’indisponibilité d’oiseaux du sexe opposé. Par l’étude en milieu naturel des communications acoustiques entre partenaires, ce lien est apparu comme le cadre d’échanges vocaux particuliers : de discrets duos de cris émis dans l’intimité du nid. En s’intéressant au rythme d’émission des vocalisations à l’échelle du groupe, cette thèse jette également un nouveau regard sur l’étude des communications acoustiques. La dynamique du réseau acoustique que représente le groupe est influencée par la proportion d’oiseaux appariés. Enfin, les causes proximales des liens sociaux sont abordées : l’activité du réseau cérébral impliqué dans l’expression des comportements sociaux, le « Social Behavior Network » (SBN), varie avec la possibilité de créer des liens chez les mâles. Cette thèse participe donc à définir le lien d’appariement comme un lien social complexe dont les avantages ne se limiteraient pas à la reproduction. Elle révèle ses conséquences tant sur le réseau social, que sur le réseau acoustique du groupe de diamants mandarins, et soulève l’implication potentielle du réseau cérébral SBN dans les mécanismes de sa formation et de son maintienAlthough most birds are monogamous, the pair-bond between a male and a female remains relatively unexplored in these species. Moreover, the study of monogamy mainly focused on behaviours linked to reproduction and partner choice. The aim of this thesis is to identify the social behaviours and the neurophysiological mechanisms of pair-bonding in a social and monogamous passerine, the Zebra finch (Teaniopygia guttata). Using concepts of network theory to study social interactions in the laboratory, this thesis explores the social value of the pair-bond. We showed that the pair-bond is a genuine partnership, whose social value might explain why birds establish same-sex pair-bonds when partners of the opposite sex are scarce. The study of acoustic communication between mates in the field revealed that partners perform specific vocal displays : they use private duets of calls in the intimacy of their nest. By investigating the rhythm of emission of vocalizations at group scale, this thesis takes a fresh look at the study of acoustic communication. The proportion of paired birds in a group influences the dynamic of the acoustic network constituted by the social group. Finally, we tackled the proximal explanations of social bonding : in males, social relationships affect the activity of the brain network implicated in social behaviours, the Social Behavior Network (SBN). This thesis underlines the social complexity of the pair-bond that might bring benefits beyond reproduction. It reveals the consequences of pair-bonding on both social network and acoustic network, and points towards a role of the SBN in pair-bond establishment and maintenance
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Patris, Bruno. "Etude experimentale et comparee de comportements sociaux et reproducteurs chez plusieurs especes de souris du genre mus. Possibilite d'une monogamie chez mus spicilegus." Paris 13, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA132038.
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L'analyse des marqueurs genetiques permet de distinguer a ce jour quatre especes de souris sauvages du genre mus en europe : mus musculus, mus spretus, mus spicilegus et mus macedonicus. Apres une synthese des caracteristiques ecologiques de ces especes (chapitre 1), nous avons etudie de maniere comparee leurs caracteristiques comportementales. Il apparait que chaque espece presente des comportements specifiques lors de la copulation (chapitre 2), en accord avec leurs positions phylogenetiques respectives, qui peuvent intervenir dans l'isolement reproducteur observe en milieu naturel. Ces resultats, ainsi que les donnees d'elevage lors de la formation des couples, nous ont amene a reviser l'idee, generalement repandue, selon laquelle ces especes seraient polygames-polygynes comme la souris domestique m. M. Domesticus. Ainsi m. Spicilegus, la souris des steppes qui construit des tumulus, presente des caracteristiques comportementales compatibles avec un systeme d'appariement monogame. En effet elle se caracterise par la difficulte a realiser des paires male-femelle sans une periode de familiarisation et par des identifications olfactives systematiques entre les partenaires avant chaque monte. Nous avons donc realise une etude comparee, entre m. Spicilegus et m. M. Domesticus, de divers comportements sociaux et reproducteurs representatifs du systeme d'appariement. Il apparait que la souris des tumulus presente une plus forte intolerance interindividuelle qui reduit les chances d'observer des groupes sociaux complexes en dehors des proches apparentes (chapitre 3). De plus cette espece presente une grande stabilite des paires male-femelle, une fois le lien etabli, qui se traduit par un faible taux de copulation en dehors du couple par rapport a la souris domestique (chapitre 4). Enfin les soins paternels, caracteristiques des especes de mammiferes monogames, sont egalement significativement plus intenses chez m. Spicilegus que chez la souris domestique (chapitre 5). Ces resultats ethologiques sont bien compatibles avec un systeme d'appariement monogame chez m. Spicilegus.
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Dubois, Frédérique. "Variation interspécifique du taux de divorce chez les oiseaux monogames : modélisation et approche comparative." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10249.
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Villain, Avelyne. "Acoustic communication in female songbirds : functions, flexibility and plasticity in calls." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSES069/document.
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La théorie de la sélection sexuelle a drastiquement orienté l’effort de recherche sur la communication acoustique chez les oiseaux : les mâles apprennent et produisent des chants élaborés et les femelles choisissent. Par conséquent (1) la production vocale chez les femelles a été négligée, (2) les cris (la majorité de la communication sociale) ont été peu étudiés. Contrairement aux chants, les cris ont été considérés comme innés et aucun effet de l’environnement sur leur structure n’était attendu. J’ai donc posé la question de la flexibilité vocale (court-terme) et de la plasticité vocale (au cours du développement) chez les femelles, en étudiant les cris majoritairement. J’ai étudié deux contextes où les deux sexes vocalisent: la communication dans le couple au nid et la communication parent-jeunes. Les vocalisations produites au nid par les couples montrent-elles de la flexibilité en réponse au bruit? Le développement des cris est-il influencé par l’environnement social ? J’ai travaillé sur deux espèces: le cincle plongeur, Cinclus cinclus et le diamant mandarin, Taeniopygia guttata. Chez les deux espèces, en réponse au bruit, les couples augmentent l’amplitude de leurs vocalisations. Chez le cincle une variation de la structure spectrale est observée dans les notes de chant mais pas dans les cris. Chez le diamant mandarin, les cris montrent des changements de leur structure spectrale: ils peuvent donc être flexibles en réponse au bruit. Les changements sont similaires chez les femelles et les mâles : la flexibilité n’est pas spécifique du sexe. Enfin, j’ai montré que l’environnement social précoce influence le développement des cris de quémande alimentaire chez le diamant mandarin : il existe une plasticité précoce des cris chez les mâles. J’ai montré que les femelles expriment des degrés de flexibilité similaires aux mâles mais que leur développement vocal peut prendre des trajectoires différentes. Les cris sont de bons objets de recherche pour étudier des variations de comportement vocal liées au sexeThe theory of sexual selection has drastically oriented research on acoustic communication in birds: males learn and sing conspicuous songs and females choose. Consequently, (1) female vocal production has been neglected, (2) birdcalls (most bird social communication) have been understudied. Birdcalls were supposed to be non-learned and no effect of the environment was expected on their structure (no flexibility, no learning). I thus focused my thesis on vocal flexibility (short-term) and vocal plasticity (developmental) of female vocalizations (mainly calls). I studied two contexts in which both sexes produce vocalizations: intrapair communication at the nest and parent-offspring communication. Do pairs express vocal flexibility in their calls in response to environmental noise? Is call development influenced by social environment? I studied two species: the white-throated dippers, Cinclus cinclus. (in which both sexes produce calls and songs) and the zebra finch, Taeniopygia guttata, (in which only males sing but both sexes use the same calls). I showed in both species, that in response to environmental noise, pairs increased the amplitude of their calls or song notes. In dippers, spectral flexibility was observed in song notes but not in calls. However, zebra finch calls showed spectral flexibility in response to noise. Both sexes showed similar changes in their calls: call spectral flexibility is not sex specific. Last, I showed that the structure of male begging calls changed in response to the early social environment, bringing evidence of early vocal plasticity in males. No change was found in females, showing that they either differ in their plasticity abilities or do not express plasticity because they receive different social feedbacks. My work showed that females and males show vocal flexibility but their vocal developmental trajectories may differ. Calls are thus good study objects to investigate sexual dimorphism in vocal behaviour
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BRAIDA, NICOLE. "CHALLENGING LOVE. AN EXPLORATION OF THEORIES AND PRACTICES OF CONSENSUAL AFFECTIVE NON-MONOGAMIES IN ITALY." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/724382.
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Several factors (such as the legalisation of divorce, changes in gender roles, the spread of contraceptive methods, changes in the socio-economic system and social incentives fostering individualism) have introduced changes in the way of enacting and conceiving intimate relationships in Western societies. More and more people are shifting from the expectation of having one "eternal" love to the possibility of experiencing different intimate relationships during their lifetimes. Nevertheless, neither social legitimacy nor legal recognition are provided for models outside that of the stable monogamous couple. Starting from these premises, the thesis aims to present an overview of theories and practices of Consensual Affective Non-Monogamies in Italy from an insider perspective. Beginning with a more generic theoretical contextualisation of intimacies and sexualities in Western societies, the thesis then focuses on the theories and state of the art of studies about polyamory and other more radical CANM, such as Relationship Anarchy. While at the beginning Giddens’s conceptualisation of the “pure relationship” and “convergent love” were much more at the centre of my reflection (because of what I saw as their proximity to polyamorous theory), with the development of my research I adopted a more critical perspective, reconsidering the relations of power within intimate relationships and the classist and racist ideas incorporated into the presentation of white middle-class couples as an example of gender equality. The analysis of the empirical material follows various main axes: personal autonomy/emotional security; hierarchical/non-hierarchical approach; emotions/rationality; orientation/choice; desire for social legitimacy/political radicalism. The result is a complex and polyphonic picture, with positions ranging from more individualistic to more network-oriented ones, from highly hierarchical to relationship anarchists, from approaches that focus on rationality to attempts to put the body and emotions at the centre.
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Bried, Joël. "Déterminisme de la fidélité au site et au conjoint chez les oiseaux dépendant des ressources marines." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO10182.
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White, Joël. "Stratégies d'accouplement et conflits sexuels dans un contexte monogame : le cas de la mouette tridactyle Rissa tridactyla." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066524.
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La grande variété de comportements de copulations observée chez les oiseaux suggère que la copulation est un comportement complexe dépassant la seule fonction de fécondation des œufs. Chez la Mouette tridactyle Rissa tridactyla, espèce à monogamie quasi-stricte, les patrons comportementaux de copulation suggèrent que la copulation a des fonctions d'évaluation du partenaire et de signal territorial hors de la période fertile auxquelles s'ajoutent celles de fécondation et d'assurance de paternité au sein de la période fertile. Une approche expérimentale nous a permis de mettre en évidence deux coûts importants liés à la phénologie et la fréquence des copulations, respectivement: la réduction du succès de reproduction due à la fécondation des œufs par du sperme âgé et une diminution de la condition de la femelle due à la transmission sexuelle de bactéries potentiellement pathogènes. Ces coûts différentiels selon le sexe révèlent l'existence potentielle de conflits sexuels à propos de la copulation même dans un contexte strictement monogame et pourraient expliquer l'évolution de stratégies telles que le rejet de sperme post-copulatoire par les femelles de R. Tridactyla.
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Quinard, Aurélie. "Diversité génétique individuelle, différenciation morphologique et comportementale entres les sexes, patterns d'appariement et paramètres démographiques chez une espèce d'oiseau tropicale et monogame, la tourterelle à queue carrée, Zenaida Aurita." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00995585.
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La recherche en écologie comportementale est affectée par un biais notoire en faveur des oiseaux des zones tempérées, en dépit de la plus grande diversité des espèces tropicales et des conditions naturelles radicalement éloignées qui rendent les connaissances sur les espèces tempérées peu pertinentes pour les espèces tropicales.Nous proposons de combler le manque d'informations concernant les oiseaux tropicaux via l'étude d'une espèce socialement monogame, se reproduisant et défendant un territoire toute l'année, la Tourterelle à queue carrée, Zenaida aurita. Pour commencer, nous avons cherché à déterminer le caractère sexuellement mono- ou dichromatique de la coloration du plumage et si celui-ci reflétait la qualité individuelle. Nous avons ensuite exploré les patterns d'appariements au sein des couples selon le degré d'hétérozygotie et la taille du corps. Afin d'établir la force des liens du couple, nous avons évalué le taux de divorce, les hypothèses pouvant expliquer les cas répertoriés, et les conséquences du changement de partenaire. Ceci a été suivi par la caractérisation des rôles des sexes au sein des couples selon diverses activités. Des analyses de capture-marquage-recapture ont permis d'estimer le taux de survie ainsi que l'influence du degré d'hétérozygotie et de la taille de l'aile sur la survie. La Tourterelle à queue carrée paraît suivre les spécificités comportementales, écologiques et démographiques caractérisant les espèces tropicales à monogamie pérenne
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Andersen, Veronika, and Mikael Matsson. "Måste en relation vara på bekostnad av en annan? : En sociologisk studie av polyamorösa relationer." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29233.
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This study aims to explore and highlight alternative relationships in relation to the norm of monogamy. The perspective we have had with this study, is of a qualitative and investigative character. We have deeply interviewed four participants who are, or have been, in a polyamorous relationship. We have studied how the respondents see and handle their choices of life. We also wanted to know what kind of reactions they have faced from society. Another issue we have studied deeper is how the participants define jealousy and infidelity. We have anchored the discussion in different relation- and family-related theories to understand and problematize the norm of monogamy. What we come to understand is that the participants found different ways, to satisfy their desires and to fulfill their romantic needs. There have been differences in their desires and needs met in the relationship and we wanted to study how their delimitations seems to vary. Two of our participants have embraced both their romantic and lustful feelings for others and has had a very liberal approach to relationships. The other two participants has only accepted sexual contacts with other people, no feelings involved, and they needed to have an arrangement about this with their partner. Our participants have not experienced any major reactions from the society. However, we have been able to see that they have used various strategies to avoid stigmatization. We could also see that jealousy is often associated with a feeling of ownership.
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Marasco, Anna Carolina Milo. "Avaliação genética do sistema reprodutivo dos Pinguins-de-Magalhães (Spheniscus magellanicus) através de análises de paternidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/41/41131/tde-17072015-152320/.
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Apesar de a monogamia social ser dominante entre as aves, análises genéticas revelaram relações de parentesco inesperadas, evidenciando diferentes estratégias de reprodução, como a paternidade extra-par e o parasitismo de ninho. Espécies de passeriformes estão entre as mais promíscuas, com altas taxas de paternidade extra-par, enquanto em aves marinhas esse comportamento demonstrou ser menos frequente. Pinguins (Família Spheniscidae) compõem um grupo de 18 espécies de aves marinhas pelágicas e que tem em comum a filopatria, fidelidade a um parceiro e intenso cuidado biparental. Portanto, espera-se que apresentem um comportamento estritamente monogâmico e taxas de paternidade extra-par insignificantes. Avaliamos pela primeira vez o sistema reprodutivo dos Pinguins-de-Magalhães através de uma abordagem genética, buscando investigar a existência e frequência de paternidade extra-par e parasitismo de ninho. O parentesco de 88 filhotes de 44 ninhos de uma colônia na Ilha Quiroga (Argentina) foi determinado com base em análises de 9 marcadores microssatélites. Encontramos baixas taxas de parasitismo de ninho (6%), mas altas taxas de paternidade extra-par (31% e 48% dos ninhos com pelo menos 1 filhote extra-par). Entre os dois anos coletados, encontramos uma pequena diferença na incidência de infidelidade (29% em 2010; 32% em 2011), mas não houve relação com as condições climáticas do período de reprodução da espécie. Além disso, apesar da alta taxa de filhotes extra-par, não encontramos diferença significativa na diversidade genética e nem viés da razão sexual secundária. Acreditamos que a alta taxa de paternidade extra-par encontrada possa ter relação com o comportamento reprodutivo em colônia, a densidade populacional, o sincronismo reprodutivo, ou que parte da paternidade que não correspondeu aos pais sociais seja resultado de troca de parceiros antes da definição final dos casais em cada estação reprodutiva. Nosso estudo pode ajudar a melhor entender e caracterizar o sistema reprodutivo dos Pinguins-de-Magalhães e indica que a espécie é socialmente, mas não geneticamente monogâmica.Despite the social monogamy being dominant among birds, genetic analysis revealed unexpected kinship relations, showing different reproductive strategies, such as extra-pair paternity and brood parasitism. Passerine species are among the most promiscuous, with high extra-pair paternity rates, while in seabirds this behavior is typically rather less frequent. Penguins (Spheniscidae Family) are a group of 18 species of pelagic seabirds that have in common philopatric behavior, faithfulness to one partner and intense biparental care. Therefore, they are expected to have a strictly monogamous behavior and insignificant rates of extra-pair paternity. For the first time, we evaluated the reproductive system of Magellanic Penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) through genetic analysis in order to investigate the existence and frequency of extra-pair paternity and brood parasitism. The kinship of 88 offspring of 44 nests from a colony on Quiroga Island (Argentina) was determined based on the analyses of 9 microsatellite markers. We found low rates of brood parasitism (6%), but high extra-pair paternity rates (31% and 48% of nests with at least one extra-pair offspring). Between the two years sampled, we found a small difference in the incidence of infidelity (29% in 2010; 32% in 2011), but no connection with the climatic conditions of each breeding season. In addition, despite the high rate of extra-pair offspring, we found no significant difference in the genetic diversity and no bias in the secondary sex ratio. We believe that the high rate of extra-pair paternity found in our study may be a result of their reproductive behavior of nesting in colonies, breeding synchrony, density, or that part of the mismatching paternity is due mate switching. Our study may help to better understand and characterize the reproductive system of Magellanic penguins and indicates that this species is socially but not sexually monogamous.
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Freitas, Monique Amaral de. "Narrativas de amor e luta : a constituição da oficialidade da monogamia e a luta contra a subjugação das mulheres." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/7993.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
In this dissertation it proposes to understand how is discursively constituted the relationship between monogamy and the subjugation of women. For that, it bases the theoretical assumptions developed by the Bakhtin Circle, guiding me in a dialogical perspective of language. In addition, over the analysis it establishes a link between the feminist theories of Simone de Beauvoir (1949/2015), Heleieth Saffioti (1996/2015), Ivone Reimer (2005), among others. Firstly, it analyzes how the official status of monogamy is constituted in the discourses of social institutions, here defined as the Church, the State and the media. In order to think the Christian religious discourse, it analyzes passages from the Holy Bible and the leaders' statements from the Catholic, Evangelical and Pentecostal denominations about marriage and the affective-sexual relationships. Regarding the State, it discusses through the Federal Constitution and two Law Projects how family and marriage are defined. Posteriorly, through discussion of some media products, especially the films Snow White (1938) and Fifty Shades of Grey (2015), it discusses how the media constitute monogamy as the official discourse. In the second chapter, it discusses historical data provided by the work História do amor no Brazil (2005/1015), by Mary Del Priore, and documents produced by the feminist movement of the second wave, to understand how the discursive changes in the official models of affective-sexual relationships changes the women's lives. In the third and last chapter, it discusses how is constituted the relationship among affective-sexual relationships models and the domination of women using three texts of self-described feminist blogs. After discussing the texts, it concludes that monogamy is constituted as a way of subjugating women because it has incorporated male domination into the core of it's official discourse. Therefore, the relationship between the discursive constitution of the official status of affective-sexual relationship models and female subjugation is related to the discourse of male domination, not the monogamy itself.
Neste trabalho propõe-se a compreensão de como se constitui discursivamente a relação entre monogamia e a subjugação das mulheres. Para tanto, parte-se dos pressupostos teóricos desenvolvidos pelo Círculo de Bakhtin, pautando-se em uma perspectiva dialógica da linguagem. Além disso, ao longo das análises estabelece-se diálogo com as teorias feministas de Simone de Beauvoir (1949/2015), Heleieth Saffioti (1996/2015), Ivone Reimer (2005), dentre outras. Em um primeiro momento, analisa-se como se constitui a oficialidade da monogamia nos discursos das aqui definidas instituições sociais, eleitas neste trabalho como a Igreja, o Estado e a Mídia. Para pensar o discurso religioso cristão, analisam-se trechos da Bíblia Sagrada e declarações dos líderes das denominações católica, evangélica e pentecostal sobre o casamento e as relações afetivo-sexuais. No que se refere ao Estado, discute-se por meio da Constituição Federal e de Projetos de Lei como se definem família e casamento. Posteriormente, por meio da discussão de alguns produtos midiáticos, com destaque para os filmes A Branca de Neve (1938) e Cinquenta tons de cinza (2015), analisa-se como a mídia vai constituindo a monogamia como discurso oficial. No segundo capítulo, discutem-se dados históricos fornecidos pela obra História do amor no Brasil (2005/1015) de Mary Del Priore, e documentos produzidos pelo movimento feminista da segunda onda, a fim de compreender como as alterações discursivas nos modelos oficiais de relações afetivosexuais alteram a vida das mulheres. No terceiro e último capítulo, analisa-se como se constitui a relação entre modelos de relacionamento afeito-sexuais e a dominação das mulheres em três textos de blogs auto denominados feministas. Após a discussão dos textos, conclui-se que a monogamia se constitui como meio de subjugação feminina ao ser incorporada ao discurso oficial, pois este tem como uma de suas bases o discurso de dominação masculina. Dessa forma, a relação entre a constituição discursiva da oficialidade de modelos de relacionamento afetivo-sexuais e a subjugação feminina está relacionada ao discurso da dominação masculina, e não à monogamia em si.
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Cintra, Najla Lopes. "Uniões estáveis plúrimas e o reconhecimento do direito sucessório." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19377.
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This study aims to analyze the relationships that occur simultaneously among three or more people, with the consent of all of those involved and in a public way. The work's goal is to demonstrate that solutions brought by the lawmakers are not always capable to reach a group's aspiration, and these groups are compelled to search for the Judiciary System to see their rights ensured. However, many jurists' conservative thoughts prevent everyday's situations to be acknowledged, putting the cold letter of law above the individual's autonomy and human dignity. It will study monogamy and its usage as a principle or as an orientation rule. Family pillar principles will be brought up, as well as the comparison between the duties of fidelity and loyalty related to marriage and civil union. The analysis of possible effects resulting from these relationships will observe the good faith's existence and finally it will discuss succession matters concerning these arrangements
O presente estudo tem por objetivo a análise das uniões estáveis plúrimas, em que os relacionamentos se dão entre três ou mais pessoas, de forma pública e consentida. O trabalho tem por escopo demonstrar que nem sempre as alternativas trazidas pelo legislador conseguem responder aos anseios de uma coletividade, e que tais grupos se veem obrigados a buscar o judiciário para verem seus direitos resguardados. O posicionamento conservador de muitos juristas, contudo, impede que situações do dia-a-dia sejam reconhecidas, primando-se pela letra fria da lei em detrimento da autonomia da vontade e dignidade da pessoa humana. Analisar-se-á a monogamia e sua utilização como princípio ou regra de orientação. Serão abordados os princípios estruturantes da família, bem como comparados os deveres de fidelidade e lealdade relacionados ao casamento e à união estável. A atribuição de efeitos aos relacionamentos em questão passará, ainda, pela discussão da boa-fé, e discutir-se-á, por fim, a questão sucessória que permeia estes relacionamentos
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Klesse, Christian. "Gay male and bisexual non-monogamies : resistance, power and normalisation." Thesis, University of Essex, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397696.
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Chávez, Verástegui Christian. "Monogamia, Poligamia y Competencia: ¿Cómo tratar las relaciones de exclusividad?" Derecho & Sociedad, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118592.
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Smoczynski, Eva. "Poly - bejakandet av samtidigt begär och samtidig kärlek. : En genusvetenskaplig intervjustudie om att (vilja) ha flera kärleksfulla intima relationer samtidigt." Thesis, Södertörn University College, School of Gender, Culture and History, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-835.
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Poly, to live in several loving and intimate relationships at the same time, is one alternative to the mono norm. In Sweden polygamy is illegal yet in recent years poly has slowly started to enter the hetero normative political agenda and raise debate in the media. But what does poly mean, and how do those who identify with this type of relationship describe it in contrast to mono? The theoretical framework is based on a structural viewpoint of the changes in the organisation of the family and the growing de-traditionalism of society. Amongst other I use a Foucauldian perspective to explain the structural shift (yet not replacement) between an Alliance pattern and a Sexuality pattern. Other theories in use are that of the emerging ideal of The Pure Relationship and Queer Tendencies. The essay draws its empirical results from seven e-mail and/or face interviews with individuals who identify with poly. The results show that if poly and mono are both understood as expression of the pure relationship they are potentially not so different. Yet the stigma and the lack of role models show that there is much needed public debate about it to unleash it from old discourses that still seem to uphold the equation that love equals two partners. Drawing attention to queer mechanism and the initiated process of the decentralisation of the heterosexual norm, I speculate that in the future polygamy must not be a foreign concept in Swedish society.
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Čičelytė, Ieva. "Banguotųjų papugėlių (Melopsittacus undulatus L.) veisimasis, kintant lyčių santykiui grupėje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2006~D_20090908_193915-36401.
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Šis darbas yra skirtas banguotųjų papūgėlių veisimosi sistemos, kintant lyčių santykiui grupėje, tyrimams. Tyrimų rezultatai rodo, kad vyraujanti veisimosi sistema banguotųjų papūgėlių grupėje su vienodu lyčių santykiu, grupėje esant patinų trūkumui ir grupėje, kurioje trūksta patelių, yra monogamija. Poligamijos atveju, poliginiški patinai vieną savo patelių – dominantę - maitina geriau negu kitą, nedominuojančią patelę. Kopuliacijos su ne savo poros nariu yra retos. Patelės kopuliuoja su tais patinais, kurie geriausiai jas maitina. Ištirta, kad dominuojančios patelės veisiasi geriau negu nedominuojančios. Agonistinė šios rūšies paukščių elgsena jų veisimosi sistemos tiesiogiai neįtakoja. Monogamija yra vyraujantis banguotųjų papūgėlių veisimosi būdas, kadangi patinų tėviška globa yra labai svarbus veiksnys, įtakojantis patelių veisimosi sėkmę.The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of sex ratio on the reproductive system of the budgerigars. The main reproductive system in all the groups was monogamy, i.e. in the group of birds with the equal sex ratio, in the group with female-biased sex ratio and in the group with male-biased sex ratio. The polygynous males fed their primary females more often in comparison with secondary females. Extra-pair copulations were rare. The females copulated with those males which fed them the best in the group of polygamous birds. The reproductive success of primary females was higher in comparison to secondary females. The agonistic behaviour was not an immediate factor of the main reproductive system in budgerigars. Monogamy seems to be the optimum mating situation for female of this species, because the paternal investment of the male turns out to be very important to female’s breeding success.
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Laubu, Chloé. "Emotions et personnalité : au cœur des décisions chez un poisson monogame." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCK049/document.
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Au cours de leur vie, les animaux doivent sans cesse prendre des décisions qui impactent leur survie et leur succès reproducteur. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier le rôle de deux sources de variabilité dans la prise de décision — la personnalité et l’état émotionnel — en contexte sexuel chez un poisson monogame, le cichlidé zébré. Nos travaux sur la personnalité ont mis en évidence son importance sur la compatibilité comportementale et le succès reproducteur des partenaires. De plus, les individus les plus réactifs se sont ajustés à leur partenaire et ont augmenté leur succès reproducteur. Ceci supporte l’hypothèse d’une plus grande flexibilité de ces individus qui compenseraient ainsi leur faible compétitivité. Les différents profils de personnalité peuvent ainsi être considérés comme des stratégies alternatives. Le maintien de la variabilité interindividuelle pourrait ainsi s’expliquer par le succès équivalent de ces stratégies. Les émotions sont, elles, une cause de variabilité intra-individuelle souvent négligée qui pourrait pourtant représenter une information interne utilisée par l’individu pour prendre ses décisions. En transposant le test cognitif du biais de jugement aux poissons, nous avons pu observer un lien étroit entre leur état émotionnel et la présence/absence du partenaire. Ces résultats suggèrent un rôle des émotions dans les processus d’appariement et interrogent sur leur utilisation dans les prises de décision. Les individus se basent-ils sur leurs émotions pour choisir un partenaire ? Est-ce adaptatif ? À travers l’étude de ces sources de variabilité comportementale, nous avons observé que, loin d’être distribuée aléatoirement, la variabilité était liée à des stratégies décisionnelles et pouvait influencer le succès reproducteur des individus. Il serait donc crucial de la prendre en compte pour appréhender l’évolution des processus décisionnelsDuring their lives animals constantly need to make decisions that influence their survival and their reproductive success. The objective of this thesis was to evaluate the role of two variability sources in decision-making — personality and emotional states — in a sexual context in a monogamous fish, the convict cichlid. Our work about personality highlights its importance on pair compatibility and reproductive success. We also observe that reactive individuals adjusted their behaviour to their partner and thus increased their reproductive fitness. This result supports the hypothesis that reactive individuals are more flexible and thus compensate for their weak competitiveness.Personality traits are thus to be considered as co-existing alternative strategies. The maintenance of this inter-individual variability can be results from their equal success on the long run. Emotional states are source of intra-individual variability that has been largely underestimate. However they may represent an internal information used by individuals to make choice. We developed a protocol of cognitive judgment bias test in fish to evaluate their emotional states, and we observed a strong relationship with the presence/absence of the preferred partner. These results suggest that emotions is a key component of pair-bonding and then question how animals use them to make decision. Do they choose a partner based on their emotional states in an adaptive way? Through these different studies, we have shown that behavioural variability is not randomly distributed. On the contrary, it is linked to different strategies and it can influence reproductive success. It is thus crucial to take this parameter into account in order to understand the evolution of decision processes
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McKeever, Natasha. "Romantic love and monogamy : a philosophical exploration." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5666/.
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For many people, to love someone romantically entails being in a monogamous relationship with them. However, on reflection, it seems odd to make your love for someone conditional on them renouncing two things of great value – love and sex, with other people. This thesis seeks to explore whether monogamy is compatible with romantic love, and whether it ought to be the hegemonic norm that it is. I argue that romantic love is a distinct and valuable kind of love and that there might be advantages to sharing it with only one other person, but that it is possible for it to exist between more than two people. Furthermore, it makes sense that such a relationship will have a sexual element, since sex can act as a vehicle for some of the central goods we find in romantic love. Therefore, restricting sex to that relationship can be a way of affirming the value of the relationship and marking it out as distinct from friendships. Thus, monogamy is compatible with romantic love. Nonetheless, monogamy is not ceteris paribus morally superior to non-monogamous forms of sexual and loving relationship and it ought not to be a hegemonic norm. This is because, by being such a dominant norm, the potential value it can have is diminished, as people are robbed of the opportunity to choose it for the right reasons. Furthermore, the dominance of the norm can lead us to overlook the real point of sexual fidelity and mistakenly equate it with love, as well as under-emphasising other ways of being faithful to a romantic partner.
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Silva, Marcos Alves da. "Da superação da monogamia como princípio estruturante do estatuto jurídico da família." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=4286.
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A tese propõe novos fundamentos para a abordagem da conjugalidade contemporânea, tendo como eixo de referência a superação da monogamia como princípio estruturante do estatuto jurídico da família. Alguns fios condutores perpassam a tese e norteiam o tratamento do tema: (i) o princípio jurídico da monogamia como mecanismo legitimador da dominação masculina; (ii) a preocupação com a construção de lugares de não-direito e de invisibilidade jurídica de determinadas pessoas, mormente, as concubinas, excluídas da condição de sujeito de direito; (iii) o concubinato, campo privilegiado de estudo, é referido e analisado como estatuto de exclusão; (iv) os fatores decisivos para a reconfiguração da conjugalidade contemporânea: a democracia, o pluralismo cultural e a laicização do Direito; (v) a perspectiva do Direito Civil constitucionalizado é tomada como referência para a problematização da questão central da tese, e os princípios constitucionais da dignidade humana, solidariedade, igualdade, liberdade e democracia prestam-se ao estabelecimento de um banco de provas a que é submetida a assertiva que constitui o enunciado da própria tese: a superação da monogamia como princípio estruturante do estatuto jurídico das famílias contemporâneas. O tratamento dado à matéria é necessariamente interdisciplinar, tendo-se mostrado indispensável a interlocução, ainda que pontual, com historiadores, antropólogos, e sociólogos e mesmo com autores das ciências naturais. O princípio da monogamia consolidado no Ocidente, por força do monopólio da regulação das relações familiares pelo Direito Canônico, especialmente, pelos decretos e cânones tridentinos, e transposto ao domínio jurídico do Estado, a partir das revoluções burguesas experimenta, na reconfiguração da conjugalidade contemporânea, efetivo arrefecimento. Fatores, como a superação da dominação masculina, a laicização do Estado e do Direito, a primazia alcançada pela autonomia privada no campo das situações subjetivas existenciais e coexistenciais, a consagração do princípio do pluralismo das entidades familiares, nítida expressão da democratização da intimidade, são indicados como razões decisivas para a superação da monogamia como princípio jurídico.The thesis proposes new foundations to approach the contemporaneous conjugality, specially referring to the overcoming of monogamy as a structural foundation for the juridical status of the family. Some essential ideas permeate the thesis and guide the discussion of the topic: (i) monogamy as the juridical institute able to legitimize the masculine domination; (ii) attention to the construction of no-Law zones and to the invisibility of some persons, mainly concubines, that are not entitled to the ownership of rights; (iii) the concubinage, an important field of study, is referred and analyzed as a exclusionist status; (iv) the decisive factors for the reconfiguration of contemporaneous conjugality: democracy, cultural pluralism and laicization of Law; (v) a constitutionally based Civil Law perspective is the foundation for the construction of the thesis discussions, and the constitutional principles of human dignity, solidarity, equality, freedom and democracy serve as tests to the main thesis proposal: the overcoming of monogamy as a structural basis for the juridical foundation of contemporaneous family. The perspective adopted in this study is perforce interdisciplinary, and the discussion, even if topical, with historians, anthropologists and sociologists and, also, with some authors from natural sciences, has been essential. The monogamy principle consolidated in the Occident by the Canonic Laws monopoly on the regulation of familiar relations, especially regarding decrees and Tridentine canons, and transported to the State juridical domination by the Bourgeois Revolutions is subjected to an effective loss of strength in the reconfiguration of contemporaneous conjugality. The overcoming of male domination, the laicization of the State and the Law, the primacy achieved by private autonomy regarding the field of existential and co-existential subjective situations, the consecration of the pluralism of familiar entities as a principle, a clear a expression of the democratization of the intimacy, are decisive factors for the overcoming of the monogamy as a juridical principle.
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Drygala, Frank. "Space use pattern, dispersal and social organisation of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides GRAY, 1834) an invasive, alien canid in Central Europe." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-25476.
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Abstract
Between October 1999 and October 2003, 30 adult and 48 young (< 1 year) raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were monitored using radio-telemetry in an area of Germany which has been occupied by this invasive alien species since the early 1990s. Additionally, three pairs of raccoon dogs were observed by continuous radio-tracking during the first six weeks after parturition in 2003. Furthermore 136 raccoon dog pubs were ear-tagged between June 1999 and August 2006.
No adult animals dispersed from the area during the study period and home ranges tended to be used for several years, probably for life. The average annual home range size, calculated using 95% fixed kernel, was 382.2 ha ± 297.4 SD for females (n = 30 seasonal home ranges) and 352.4 ha ± 313.3 SD for males (n = 32 seasonal home ranges). Paired raccoon dogs had home ranges of similar size, with pair sharing the same area all year round.
Raccoon dogs occupied large core areas (85% kernel) covering 81.2% of their home ranges. The home ranges were at their smallest during the mating season. The slightly larger size of home ranges in winter suggests that, due to the temperate climate, raccoon dogs do not hibernate in Germany. Males and females formed a long-term (probably lifelong) pair bond. Same-sex neighbours ignored each other and even adjacent males/females showed neither preference nor avoidance. Thus, it can be assumed that the raccoon dog in Central Europe is monogamous without exclusive territories, based on the results of home range overlap analysis and interaction estimations.
Habitat composition within home ranges and within the whole study area was almost equal. Although, percentage shares of farmland and meadow was 16.35% smaller and 12.06% higher within the home ranges, respectively. All nine habitat types (farmland, forest, settlement, water, meadows, maize fields, small woods, reeds and hedges) were used opportunistically by raccoon dogs. No significant, recognisable difference for habitat preferences between seasons was detected. Male and female raccoon dog showed equal habitat preference pattern. A comparison of active and inactive locations in different habitats found no remarkable differences. Habitat composition of individual home ranges was used to classify animals. If the percentage of forest within a home range exceeded 50% the individual was classified as a ‘forest type’ raccoon dog. If the percentage of forest habitats within a home range was less than 5%, the share of pastureland was mean 81.82% ± 16.92 SD. Consequently the individual was classified as a ‘agrarian type’ raccoon dog. Neither habitat preference nor habitat selection process differed between the two ‘types’. Habitat use and preference is discussed with relation to the ability of the raccoon dog to expand its range towards Western Europe.
Males spent noticeably more time (40.5% of the time ±11.7 SD) alone with the pups than females (16.4% of the time ±8.5 SD). Females had noticeably larger 95% kernel home ranges (98.24 ha ±51.71 SD) than males (14.73 ha ±8.16 SD) and moved much longer daily distances (7,368 m ±2,015 SD) than males (4,094 m ±2,886 SD) in six weeks postpartum. The raccoon dogs being studied left the breeding den in the 6th week after the birth of the pups. In situ video observation showed that the male carried prey to the den to provide the female and the litter with food. A clear division of labour took place among parents during the period in which the pups were nursed: males guarded the litter in the den or in close vicinity of it, while the females foraged to satisfy their increased energy requirements.
There were relocations of 59 (43.4%) ear-tagged young racoon dogs and mean distance from marking point was 13.5 km ±20.1 SD. Dispersal mortality rate was 69.5% among young raccoon dogs. Most animals (55.9%) were recovered nearer than 5 km from the marking point, whereas only 8.5% relocations were recorded further than 50 km from the marking point. There was no difference in the distances of relocations between sexes. Most (53.7%) relocations of ear-tagged young raccoon dogs were in August and September and, only 34.1% were recorded from October to April. Hunting (55 %) and traffic (27 %) were the major mortality factors. Radio-collared young raccoon dogs generally dispersed between July and September. The mean natal home range size (MCP 100%) with and without excursions was 502.6 ha ±66.4 SD (n = 9) and 92.1 ha ±66.4 SD (n = 17), respectively. There were no differences between sexes in the month of dispersal. The direction of travel for dispersing animals appeared to be random, with distances from 0.5 km to 91.2 km. A highly flexible dispersing behaviour is certainly one of the reasons which contribute to the high expansion success of the species.
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Brotherton, Peter Nicholas Meade. "The evolution of monogamy in the Dik-dik." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361422.
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Wright, Harry. "Monogamy in the bat-eared fox, Otocyon megalotis." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2003. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55819/.
Full textAbstract:
Mammalian monogamy is puzzling from and evolutionary perspective because it is unclear why males, which have the potential to father a great many offspring, should choose to associate with only one female. This project investigated the behaviour of a socially monogamous (pair-living) population of bat-eared foxes in Laikipia, Northern Kenya, and had two principal aims. The first aim was to identify the selective forces that operate to maintain social monogamy in the study population. The second aim was to determine whether bat-eared foxes mate exclusively with their social partners (i. e. if they are genetically as well as socially monogamous). Chapter I summarizes by background to the research: Broadly speaking, theories advanced to explain the evolution of monogamy fall into two categories; those that proposing that monogamy occurs when male assistance is required for successfW reproduction, and those that proposing that aspects of female spatial and/or temporal distribution make it impossible for even the most competitive males to gain more than one mate. Chapter 2 describes the study site and general methods employed. Chapter 3 examines whether a requirement for paternal care maintains social monogamy by investigating the parental roles of males and females: I found that females invest very heavily in reproduction, feeding at close to maximum rate throughout lactation and suffering increased mortality rates during this period. Consistent with previous studies of the species, I found that males are heavily involved in the rearing of young, spending significantly more time than females close to breeding dens, and contributing to all aspects of cub care. The importance of male care was revealed by the fact that, after statistically controlling for the confounding effects of territory quality, the male den attendance was significantly associated with cub survival. Chapter 4 investigates factors other than the requirement for male care that may prevent males from achieving polygynous status: Social monogamy was not enforced because males were incapable of defending sufficient resources to support more than one female, as some male territories contained sufficient food to support two or more females. I found, however, that because females occupied largely exclusive ranges and had synchronized fertile periods, it was probably impossible for even the most competitive males to successfully defend more than one fertile female. Chapter 5 investigates the mating tactics of bat-eared foxes by comparing their behaviour during and outside the mating season: Neither male nor female foxes increased their home range sizes during the mating season, demonstrating that they do not roam widely in search of extra-pair mates. Time-budget data suggest that this may be because bat-eared foxes have little time available to engage in activities other than foraging. The behaviour of mated partners wass highly coordinated, particularly during the mating season, and the close proximity of mated partners did not reduce their feeding rate. Chapter 6 uses DNA microsatellite analyses to establish the paternity of bat-eared fox cubs: We found that for the vast majority of cubs (42 of 44) social fathers were most likely to be their true fathers. These data demonstrate a high level of genetic monogamy in the study population. Chapter 7 summarizes data from the thesis: I conclude that, although male care enhances offspring survival, there are circumstances under which males may gain from polygyny. Males are probably unable to attain polygynous status, however, because the spatial and temporal distribution of females, combined with intense competition for mates makes it impossible for them to defend more than one mate. Consistent with observations of occasional polygynous breeding from other bat-eared fox populations, I conclude that polygyny could only a viable male strategy if compliant females were willing to co-ordinated their behaviour. I argue that the high levels of genetic monogamy observed are probably consequence of the species insectivorous diet, which leaves individuals with little time to engage in activities other than foraging, and makes it easy for males to guard their own partners.
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Dillard, Jacqueline Rae. "ECOLOGY, MONOGAMY, AND THE EVOLUTION OF ANIMAL FAMILIES." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/biology_etds/59.
Full textAbstract:
Family-living has been recognized as a necessary prerequisite for the evolution of advanced cooperative societies, yet the evolutionary and ecological processes that drive the coupling of different forms of cooperation in family-based societies are still poorly understood. In my dissertation, I investigate the correlated evolution of parental care, monogamy, and cooperative breeding in a variety of family-based taxa. I explore the mating and social behavior of family-living beetles with incipient cooperation to better understand the factors driving these social traits. Specifically, I evaluate different causes of extra-pair mating in socially monogamous beetles, the potential benefits that young adult offspring may gain from remaining in the family group, and how these behaviors correspond to different ecological niches. These studies demonstrated that many of the factors predicted to favor family-living in cooperatively breeding animals fail to explain delayed dispersal and family cohesion in this beetle group. In a phylogenetic comparative study of birds, I further evaluate how ecological selective pressures drive the correlated evolution of monogamy, biparental cooperation, and cooperative breeding. Taken together, these studies have implications for our general understanding of the evolution of cooperation, and suggest the action of previously unrecognized processes in shaping and pairing social behaviors.
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Drygala, Frank. "Space use pattern, dispersal and social organisation of the raccoon dog (Nyctereutes procyonoides GRAY, 1834) an invasive, alien canid in Central Europe." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2010. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-39711.
Full textAbstract:
Between October 1999 and October 2003, 30 adult and 48 young (< 1 year) raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides) were monitored using radio-telemetry in an area of North-East Germany which has been occupied by this invasive alien species since the early 1990s. Additionally, three pairs of raccoon dogs were observed by continuous radio-tracking during the first six weeks after parturition in 2003. Furthermore 136 raccoon dog pubs were ear-tagged between June 1999 and August 2006.
No adult animals dispersed from the area during the study period and home ranges tended to be used for several years, probably for life. The average annual home range size, calculated using 95% fixed kernel, was 382.2 ha ± 297.4 SD for females (n = 30 seasonal home ranges) and 352.4 ha ± 313.3 SD for males (n = 32 seasonal home ranges). Paired raccoon dogs had home ranges of similar size, with pair mates sharing the same area all year round.
Raccoon dogs occupied large core areas (85% kernel) covering 81.2% of their home ranges. The home ranges were at their smallest during the mating season. The slightly larger size of home ranges in winter suggests that, due to the temperate climate, raccoon dogs do not hibernate in Germany. Males and females formed a long-term (probably lifelong) pair bond. Same-sex neighbours ignored each other and even adjacent males/females showed neither preference nor avoidance. Thus, it can be assumed that the raccoon dog in Central Europe is monogamous without exclusive territories, based on the results of home range overlap analysis and interaction estimations.
Habitat composition within home ranges and within the whole study area was almost equal. Although, percentage shares of farmland and meadow was 16.35% smaller and 12.06% higher within the home ranges, respectively. All nine habitat types (farmland, forest, settlement, water, meadows, maize fields, small woods, reeds and hedges) were used opportunistically by raccoon dogs. No significant, recognisable difference for habitat preferences between seasons was detected. Male and female raccoon dog showed equal habitat preference pattern. A comparison of active and inactive locations in different habitats found no remarkable differences. Habitat composition of individual home ranges was used to classify animals. If the percentage of forest within a home range exceeded 50% the individual was classified as a ‘forest type’ raccoon dog. If the percentage of forest habitats within a home range was less than 5%, the share of pastureland was mean 81.82% ± 16.92 SD. Consequently the individual was classified as a ‘agrarian type’ raccoon dog. Neither habitat preference nor habitat selection process differed between the two ‘types’. Habitat use and preference is discussed with relation to the ability of the raccoon dog to expand its range towards Western Europe.
Males spent noticeably more time (40.5% of the time ±11.7 SD) alone with the pups than females (16.4% of the time ±8.5 SD). Females had noticeably larger 95% kernel home ranges (98.24 ha ±51.71 SD) than males (14.73 ha ±8.16 SD) and moved much longer daily distances (7,368 m ±2,015 SD) than males (4,094 m ±2,886 SD) in six weeks postpartum. The raccoon dogs being studied left the breeding den in the 6th week after the birth of the pups. In situ video observation showed that the male carried prey to the den to provide the female and the litter with food. A clear division of labour took place among parents during the period in which the pups were nursed: males guarded the litter in the den or in close vicinity of it, while the females foraged to satisfy their increased energy requirements.
There were relocations of 59 (43.4%) ear-tagged young raccoon dogs and mean distance from marking point was 13.5 km ±20.1 SD. Dispersal mortality rate was 69.5% among young raccoon dogs. Most animals (55.9%) were recovered nearer than 5 km from the marking point, whereas only 8.5% relocations were recorded further than 50 km from the marking point. There was no difference in the distances of relocations between sexes. Most (53.7%) relocations of ear-tagged young raccoon dogs were in August and September and, only 34.1% were recorded from October to April. Hunting (55 %) and traffic (27 %) were the major mortality factors. Radiocollared young raccoon dogs generally dispersed between July and September. The mean natal home range size (MCP 100%) with and without excursions was 502.6 ha ±66.4 SD (n = 9) and 92.1 ha ±66.4 SD (n = 17), respectively. There were no differences between sexes in the month of dispersal. The direction of travel for dispersing animals appeared to be random, with distances from 0.5 km to 91.2 km. A highly flexible dispersing behaviour is certainly one of the reasons which contribute to the high expansion success of the species.
32
Pineaux, Maxime. "Gènes immunitaires du CMH chez un oiseau monogame : fitness et stratégies de reproduction." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30275.
Full textAbstract:
Pendant la reproduction, les parents devraient ajuster leurs décisions en fonction des bénéfices qu'ils en tireront. La production de descendants de bonne qualité peut notamment être assurée par le choix d'un partenaire de bonne qualité génétique. Cependant, des contraintes peuvent limiter ce choix et entraîner un appariement sous-optimal, dont les coûts devraient avoir favorisé l'évolution de stratégies compensatoires après l'appariement. Dans cette thèse, je me suis intéressé aux gènes immunitaires du complexe majeur d'histocompatibilité de classe II (CMH-II) et à la consanguinité chez un oiseau marin monogame, la mouette tridactyle (Rissa tridactyla). Tout d'abord, la diversité au niveau du CMH-II des poussins était associée positivement à leur aptitude, mais cela n'était vrai que pour les femelles. En accord avec ces résultats, les parents avec un CMH-II fonctionnellement similaire, qui produisent des poussins peu divers au niveau du CMH-II, surproduisaient des fils, conformément aux attendus de la théorie de l'allocation au sexe. Concernant la consanguinité, elle réduisait la probabilité d'éclosion des œufs lorsque le sperme fécondant était âgé. Comme attendu, les couples consanguins exprimaient des comportements sexuels leur permettant d'éviter la fécondation par du sperme âgé. Dans l'ensemble, cette thèse montre que les parents peuvent ajuster certaines de leurs décisions reproductives en fonction de leur similarité génétique au niveau de gènes fonctionnellement importants et sur l'ensemble du génome, leur permettant ainsi de compenser en partie les coûts d'un appariement sous-optimalParents are expected to adjust their reproductive decisions depending on the future advantages they will gain. These advantages include increased offspring fitness through acquisition of genetic benefits from mates. However, constraints may force individuals to mate with suboptimal partners. The costs of suboptimal pairing should have created selective pressures inducing the evolution of counter strategies. In this thesis, I investigated whether individuals adjust some reproductive post-pairing decisions depending on the prospective genetic characteristics of their offspring, along with the fitness consequences of these genetic characteristics, using a monogamous seabird species, the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla). First, I found that chick functional diversity at major histocompatibility complex class II (MHC-II) genes, which play a pivotal role in vertebrate immunity, was positively associated with fitness-related traits in females, but not in males. Accordingly, parents with functionally similar MHC-II, that were more likely to produce chicks with low MHC-II-diversity, overproduced sons, in line with sex allocation theory expectations. Second, I report experimental evidence that genome-wide genetic similarity between mates decreased egg hatchability when the fertilizing sperm was old. In line with our expectations, genetically-similar pairs performed behaviors allowing avoidance of fertilization by old sperm. Overall, this thesis provides evidence that parents flexibly adapt some reproductive decisions in response to within-pair genetic similarity at key functional genes and over the whole genome, thereby partly compensating the detrimental consequences of suboptimal pairing
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García, de la Chica Alba Tamara. "Vocal, behavioral, and genetic correlates of pairliving and serial monogamy in owl monkeys (Aotus azarae) of northeast Argentina = Correlatos vocales, comportamentales y genéticos de la vida en pareja y la monogamia serial en los monos nocturnos (Aotus azarae) del noreste de Argentina." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/671631.
Full textAbstract:
Understanding how a social organization and mating system can be beneficial, and hence, persist in populations, requires that we investigate the perspective of all individuals involved. However, in pair-living taxa, the role of solitary floaters, individuals that have dispersed f rom their groups and range unassociated with other reproductively mature individuals while seeking f or a reproductive position in a social group , has been largely ignored when developing hypotheses and theoretical models. This has been so even when the existence of solitary floaters influences the Operational and Adult Sex Ratio of a population and increases the intrasexual competition with mated individuals. In pair living sexually monogamous taxa, despite the f act that the variance in reproductive success likely depends on the relative number of floaters-to-established pairs, the intrasexual competition has usually been assumed to be low. This dissertation explores the role that intrasexual competition between floaters and pairs has in the social organization and mating system of wild Azara´s owl monkeys (Aotus azare), a cathemeral, pair living and sexually monogamous South American primate. In the past, intrasexual competition has been associated with sexual dimorphism in several taxa. In chapter two, focusing on identified individuals of known sex and age, I evaluated the degree of sexual dimorphism in loud calls while evaluating the hypothesis of sex -biased vocal behavior. The reduced sexual dimorphism present in sexually monogamous species often hampers to properly evaluate morphological or behavioral traits that may have been influenced by sexual selection. However, in such taxa the formation of new pairs requires individuals to be able to identify, at least, the sex of the caller.
This chapter presents evidence of sexual dimorphism in call structure, with females and males only emitting one type of call, each differing in dominant frequency and Shannon entropy. Further, the data support the hypothesis of sex-biased vocal behavior, with females emitting loud calls up to twice as much as males. Hence, I propose that Azara´s owl monkeys´ loud calls are sexually selected vocal traits that play a role in mate attraction. Likewise, my data suggest that this may be more important for females, likely because due to the extensive involvement of males in parental care in the species, females may f ace greater intrasexual competition in order to choose the best male. Based on this evidence of sexual dimorphism in loud calls, Chapter 3, explores the behavioral responses of mated pairs towards the simulated presence of male and female unfamiliar conspecific. As such, the main question of this chapter asks whether pairs primarily def end their territory or their mates. The data suggest that male and female owl monkeys guard their mates against competitors. Overall, males reacted more strongly than females and both sexes were more reactive to male than female unfamiliar calls, as evidenced by higher rates of sociosexual and vocal responses, movement towards the speaker, and intergroup encounters. Females guarding their partners against other males may be associated with their need to secure paternal investment. Likewise, the next chapter, f our, narrow the focus on this hypothesis even further, and evaluates the relationship between the replacement of a biological father and the age of death of young individuals. My results strongly suggest that the presence of a new unrelated male is associated with lower infant survival in Azara´s owl monkeys, and that this association seems to be more important if the replacement occurs during the first year of life of individuals, when infants are still dependent on direct parental care. I propose that in owl monkeys care by the male is required and, in the absence of direct attacks towards infants, those can still die f rom neglect or insufficient paternal care. Finally, my dissertation ends with a detailed narrative of one male´s life that shows the different forms of intrasexual competition that Azara´s owl monkeys f ace through their life. Together, my study adds to our knowledge of intrasexual competition in pair-living sexual monogamous animals by documenting some of the ways in which social pressures influence the mating and parenting strategies of the species. Specifically, my study emphasizes the need of biparental care in the maintenance of the social organization and mating system of Aotus azarae.Entender cómo una organización social y sistema de apareamiento puede n ser beneficiosos, y por lo tanto, persistir en una población, requiere que se estudien las perspectivas de todos los individuos involucrados. Sin embargo, en taxones que viven en parejas, el rol de los solitarios o flotadores, individuos sexualmente maduros que se han dispersado de sus grupos y que están buscando una oportunidad reproductiva, ha sido clásicamente ignorado a la hora de proponer y desarrollar hipótesis y modelos teóricos que expliquen dicha organización social. Esto ha sido así incluso cuando la existencia de estos solitarios influencia la proporción de machos y hembras en la población e incrementa la competición intrasexual con individuos emparejados. En especies que son sexualmente monógamas, generalmente se ha asumido que dicha competencia es baja, a pesar del hecho de que la variación en el éxito reproductivo de los individuos, probablemente depende del número relativo de flotadores que haya por cada pareja. Esta tesis explora el rol que tiene la competencia intrasexual entre flotadores e individuos emparejados en el mantenimiento de la organización social y el sistema de apareamiento de una población silvestre de monos nocturnos (Aotus azare), un primate sudamericano, caracterizado por ser sexualmente monógamo y formar vínculos de pareja relativamente estables en el tiempo . En el pasado, uno de los f actores más considerados a la hora de evaluar la competencia intrasexual ha sido el dimorfismo sexual presente en las especies. En el capítulo dos de mi tesis, evalué el grado de dimorfismo sexual en llamadas de larga distancia en Aotus azarae, mediante el análisis de datos acústicos provenientes de individuos identificados de sexo y edad conocidos. El dimorfismo sexual reducido presente en especies sexualmente monógamas, a menudo dificulta la evaluación adecuada de los rasgos morfológicos o de comportamiento que pueden haber sido influenciados por la selección sexual. Sin embargo, en tales taxones, la formación de nuevas parejas requiere que los individuos sean capaces de identificar, al menos, el sexo del individuo que vocaliza. Este capítulo presenta evidencia de dimorfismo sexual en la estructura de la llamada de los monos mirikiná, con machos y hembras emitiendo únicamente un tipo de llamada, cada uno diferente en su frecuencia dominante y entropía de Shannon. Además, los datos apoyan la hipótesis de un comportamiento vocal sexualmente sesgado, con hembras emitiendo el doble de llamadas de larga distancia que los machos. Por lo tanto, en este capítulo, propongo que las llamadas de larga distancia de los monos son rasgos vocales seleccionados sexualmente que juegan un papel importante en la atracción de pareja. Asimismo, mis datos sugieren que esta búsqueda activa de pareja podría ser más importante para las hembras, probablemente ya que debido a la amplia participación de los machos en el cuidado parental, las hembras podrían estar enfrentando una mayor competencia intrasexual a la hora de elegir al mejor macho. Con base en esta evidencia de dimorfismo sexual en las llamadas de larga distancia y con la implementación de un diseño semiexperimental en el campo, en el Capítulo 3 exploro las respuestas conductuales de parejas hacia la presencia simulada de individuos desconocidos de ambos sexos. Como tal, la pregunta principal de este capítulo es si las parejas defienden principalmente su territorio o sus parejas ante la presencia de un potencial competidor. Los datos sugieren que el recurso que machos y hembras más protegen de los competidores serían sus parejas. En general, las mayores reacciones fueron observadas en los machos, y ambos sexos reaccionaron más a las vocalizaciones de machos que de hembras, como lo demuestran las tasas más altas de respuestas sociosexuales y vocales, el movimiento hacia el altavoz y los encuentros intergrupales cuando se presentaron llamadas de machos. El hecho de que las hembras protejan a sus parejas ante la presencia de otros machos puede estar asociado con su necesidad de asegurar la inversión paternal. De este modo, el cuarto capítulo, estrecha aún más el enfoque de esta hipótesis y evalúa la relación entre el reemplazo de un padre biológico y la edad de muerte de las crías y juveniles. Mis resultados sugieren que la presencia de un nuevo macho, supuestamente no emparentado, se asociaría con una menor supervivencia infantil en los monos Aotus azarae, y esta asociación parece ser más importante si el reemplazo ocurre durante el primer año de vida de las crías, cuando éstas aún son dependientes del cuidado parental directo. Por lo tanto, en mi tesis propongo la necesidad de cuidado paterno en la especie, y que, en ausencia de ataques directos hacia las crías, éstas aún pueden morir por negligencia o cuidados insuficientes. Finalmente, mi tesis presenta una narración detallada de la vida de un macho , Fabian, que muestra las diferentes formas de competencia intrasexual que estos monos enfrentan a lo largo de su vida. En conjunto, mi estudio aporta a nuestro conocimiento de la competencia intrasexual en especies sexualmente monógamas que viven en pareja, al documentar algunas de las formas en que las presiones sociales influyen en las estrategias de apareamiento y crianza de la especie. Específicamente, mi estudio enfatiza la necesidad del cuidado biparental en el mantenimiento de la organización social y el sistema de apareamiento de Aotus azarae.
34
Vignier, Antony. "Contribution à la résolution des problèmes d'ordonnancement de type monogamme, multimachine (Flow-Shop Hybride)." Tours, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997TOUR4026.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail s'intéresse aux problèmes qui se posent dans les ateliers production en ligne et plus précisément sur ceux ou les gammes de fabrication de produits fabriqués sont identiques pour tous les produits (Flow-Shop). De plus, une opération de la gamme peut être réalisée par une ou plusieurs machines à chaque étage. L'atelier comporte K étages. En vue d'une plus grande efficacité d'intervention, une notation est proposée. L'état de l'art permet de mettre en évidence le peu de problèmes actuellement résolus et surtout l'ensemble de ceux qui restent à traiter des méthodes de résolution sont proposées pour résoudre différents problèmes prenant en compte des contraintes et de critères divers. Enfin, une plateforme d'aide à la construction progressive de procédures par séparation et évaluation et de tests (PCPSET) pour résoudre les problèmes de Flow-Shops Hybrides.
35
Muhlberger, Alana Hope. "The Evolution of Monogamy in Primates: A Phylogenetic Approach." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1302210482.
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Kean, Jessica. "Intimate theory: mononormativity, negotiated non-monogamy and the politics of love." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12412.
Full textAbstract:
Increasingly described as a legislative inevitability in Australia, gay marriage is often heralded as the certain, if temporarily stalled, triumph of love and an overdue public symbol of the tolerance of sexual diversity. In this context it is worth renewing queer questions about the limits of legitimate intimacy in contemporary Western cultures – limits which may not be challenged by granting same-sex couples state recognition. Instead of adding another voice to debates about the potential consequences of same-sex marriage, this thesis approaches the contemporary politics of love from the perspective of those who do not march two by two, asking what we might learn from practices of negotiated non-monogamy. Analysing TV series, blogs, self-help books and first-person accounts alongside 23 qualitative interviews conducted with queer non-monogamists in and around Sydney, the thesis explores the way sex, love, friendship, emotion, and intimacy are currently theorised in relation to non-dyadic relationships. Friends who fuck, fictional polygamists, ‘ethical sluts’, swingers, and polyamorists are considered side by side in order to draw out the tensions (productive and otherwise) that animate stories of sex and love beyond the couple. The thesis considers non-monogamous scheduling strategies, taxonomic skirmishes, measures of significance and theories of jealousy in relation to queer and feminist thinking on intimacy. Idiosyncrasies and unexpected resonances within the material are used to map the political valencies of discourses surrounding these marginalised relationship styles, contributing to scholarship on how contemporary negotiated non-monogamy can be understood - an active concern as queers are increasingly encouraged to dream of wedding whites. Offering an extended conceptualisation of mononormativity - one entwined with but ultimately distinct from heteronormativity - the thesis also addresses broader patterns, ideals and institutions of intimacy, arguing that more people stand to benefit from the decentring of monogamy than those who actively pursue a life outside it.
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Filenga, Daví. "Relações monogâmicas entre estados multipartidos e efeitos de memória em computação quântica baseada em medidas projetivas /." Bauru, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/192390.
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Orientador: Felipe Fernandes FanchiniResumo: Na presente Tese realizou-se um estudo acerca das relações monogâmicas entre emaranhamento de formação (EF) e discórdia quântica (DQ) para sistemas quânticos multipartidos, bem como um estudo acerca da dinâmica dissipativa de operações lógicas de 1 (portas NOT e Z) e 2 (porta CNOT) qubits para uma computação quântica baseada em medidas projetivas (MBQC). Como resultado, expressões as quais generalizam relações de conservação entre EF e DQ puderam ser deduzidas, bem como relações de distribuição de DQ para sistemas de n partes. Ademais, ampliando os estudos referentes a sistemas multipartidos, uma pesquisa a respeito da influência dos canais amplitude damping (AD) e phase damping (PD) em uma MBQC considerando ambientes altamente não-Markovianos pôde ser desenvolvida. Nesse sentido, uma medida denominada fidelidade média (Fm) foi então proposta, a partir da qual expressões analíticas puderam ser deduzidas para os canais em questão, e sendo demonstrado que Fm resulta em valores idênticos para as portas X e Z. Além do mais, também foi possível realizar um estudo acerca dos tempos ótimos das medidas, segundo o qual pôde-se concluir que sua rápida execução não necessariamente implica em melhores resultados, tampouco sua lenta execução não necessariamente implica em piores. Nesse contexto, pôde-se também demonstrar que para o canal AD o conhecimento do mapa dissipativo já é o suficiente para intuitivamente determinar os melhores tempos de medidas, sendo que o mesmo não necessariamen... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In this work a study about the monogamous relations between entanglement of formation (EF) and quantum discord (QD) for multipartite quantum systems, as well the dissipative dynamics of 1 (NOT and Z gates) and 2 (CNOT gate) qubits for a measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) could be developed. As a result, expressions which generalize conservation laws between EF and DQ could be deduced, as well as DQ distribution laws for n part quantum systems. In addition, expanding the multipartite systems studies, a research about the influence of the amplitude damping (AD) and phase damping (PD) channels in an MBQC considering highly non-Markovian environments also could be developed. In this sense, a measure called average gate fidelity (Fm) was proposed, from which we deduce analytical expressions for the channels and show that it is identical for the X and Z gates. In addition, we conducted a study of the optimal measurement times, where we conclude that neither fast application of the projective measurements necessarily implies better results, nor slow application necessarily implies worse results. Furthermore, it was also possible to demonstrate that while for the AD the knowledge of the dissipative map is sufficient to determine the best measurement times, the same is not necessarily true for the PD, where the time of the set of measures becomes crucial since a phase error in one qubit can fix the phase error that takes place in another. Finally, a study was carried out on ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Morley, Josephine Isabelle. "Intraspecific competition and monogamy in the cichlid fish, Eretmodus cyanostictus." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621721.
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Lambert, Connor T. "ERa Expression and Monogamy in Prairie Voles: An Experimental Field Study." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1524835563594466.
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Lafaille, Marie. "Conséquences émotionnelles et sociales du vieillissement : étude comportementale chez un rongeur monogame de type sauvage, Mus spicilegus." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCD014/document.
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L'idée que les souches de rongeurs de laboratoire ne soient pas des modèles idéaux pour la recherche sur le vieillissement n’est pas nouvelle. Pourtant, l’attitude des chercheurs face à l’introduction d’animaux de type sauvage dans leurs travaux demeure frileuse bien que ces derniers apporteraient une solution adéquate pour l’étude d’un processus aussi complexe et multifactoriel que le vieillissement et permettraient d’intégrer les traits d’histoire de vie des individus afin de rendre compte de façon pertinente des changements liés à l’âge. Chez la souris glaneuse, le report de l’âge de première reproduction des animaux juvéniles hivernants conduit à la création de deux cohortes. Ces deux groupes d’animaux devront, à un âge plus ou moins avancé, explorer des environnements anxiogènes et faire face à des compétiteurs lors de leur dispersion, se reproduire et élever leur progéniture qui devra à son tour disperser. L’objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier les conséquences émotionnelles et sociales du vieillissement qui pourraient influencer les stratégies comportementales de ce rongeur de type sauvage. Ce travail s’ouvre également sur des thématiques d’actualité dans le domaine de la biogérontologie. Notre étude montre qu’à l’instar de celles réalisées chez l’Homme, le niveau d’anxiété d’un individu peut être déterminé par son âge mais aussi par l’âge de ses parents. L’âge de mise en couple va quant à lui influencer certaines stratégies liées à la reproduction comme la latence d’accouplement ou l’effort parental fourni par les mères et les pères et va conditionner l’apparition des premiers signes de sénescence reproductive. Enfin, cette étude dévoile que la durée de vie reproductive d’un couple monogame pourrait être un facteur renforçateur des liens qui unissent un mâle à sa partenaireThe idea that standard laboratory rodents may not be an ideal model for aging research is not new. Nonetheless, the researcher's attitude toward using wild-type species remains cautious although these animals would make a suitable solution to study a process as complex and multifaceted as aging, and would allow to incorporate the life history traits of individuals to reflect appropriately age-related changes. In the mound-building mouse, the delay of the age of first reproduction of over wintering juvenile animals leads to the establishment of two cohorts. These two groups of animals have to, at more or less advanced ages, explore anxiogenic environnements and face competitors during dispersal, reproduce and raise their offspring wich will in turn disperse. The aim of this thesis is to study the emotional and social consequences of aging that could influence the behavioral strategies in this wild-type rodent focusing on current issues in the biogerontogical field. Our study shows that, like in humans, the anxiety level of an individual can be determined by its own age but also by the age of its parents at conception. For its part, the age at pairing influences reproduction-related strategies as the latency of first reproduction or parental effort provided by mothers and fathers and affects the appearence of the first signs of reproductive senescence. Finally, this work reveals that the duration of pairing could strengthen the social bond between a male and its partner in a monogamous species
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Goossens, Benoît. "Système de reproduction et variabilité génétique intra- et interpopulationnelle chez la marmotte alpine (Marmota marmota L. , Sciuridé)." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10034.
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La marmotte alpine (marmota marmota, sciuride), espece hautement sociale au systeme d'appariement decrit comme etant monogame, suscite un grand interet comme modele d'etude de la socialite chez les mammiferes. Elle forme des unites familiales composees d'un couple dominant et des jeunes issus de portees successives. Apres une etude de faisabilite, l'utilisation des poils comme materiel biologique et des microsatellites comme outil genetique a permis d'etudier le systeme d'appariement de la marmotte alpine en quantifiant les paternites extra-couples dans les groupes familiaux d'une population des alpes francaises (la grande sassiere, parc national de la vanoise) et en discutant les couts et les benefices pour chaque sexe d'adopter une strategie alternative a la monogamie. Le pourcentage de paternites extra-couples s'est avere eleve (plus de 30%), et nous avons identifie plus de 19% de juveniles dont le male resident n'etait pas le pere. Le polymorphisme relativement eleve des microsatellites utilises a egalement permis d'aborder la genetique des populations de marmottes alpines a deux echelles : intra- et interpopulationnelles. Avec les indices de fixation de wright, nous avons mis en evidence une forte structuration genetique intrapopulationnelle due tres vraisemblablement a la structure sociale familiale, et une tendance significative a l'evitement de la consanguinite. Selon nos resultats, cette tendance serait due plutot a un effet famille qu'a un biais sexuel de la dispersion, ou qu'a un choix par la femelle d'un partenaire non-apparente.
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Svadling, Evelina, and Mikael Harmén. "“Dom går där som något slags erotiskt hot mot ordningen” : Om relationen mellan identitet och avvikande från tvåsamhetsnormen." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412372.
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Det traditionella monogama partnerskapet förändrades under 1900-talet till följd av bland annat individualistiska ideal och en ökad autonomi. Samtidigt har det monogama partnerskapet både juridiska och sociala fördelar i samhället idag. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka och belysa individers upplevelser av att avvika från den konventionella tvåsamhetsnormen samt undersöka vilken betydelse detta har för identiteten. Tidigare forskning centrerar till stor del kring att jämföra samt beskriva den praktiska innebörden av dessa icke-monogama praktiker. Dock återfinns viss betoning på identitet och självuppfattning då icke-monogami antingen presenteras som något individen är eller något individen gör som ett aktivt val i relationer. Tidigare forskning redogör även för betydelsen av icke-monogama definitioner, begrepp och sociala sammanhang för individens självbild. Det teoretiska ramverk som i denna studie applicerats för analys utgörs av Anthony Giddens identitetsteori, Judith Butlers performativitetsteori samt Erving Goffmans teori om stigma och informationskontroll. Det empiriska materialet består av tio digitala intervjuer med deltagare i åldrarna 27-55, varav fyra deltagare definierade sig som män, fem deltagare som kvinnor och en deltagare som icke-binär. Intervjuerna genererade omkring 106 sidor transkriberat material vilket har analyserats med metoden interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA). Resultaten visade, i samklang med tidigare forskning, att icke-monogami primärt ses som något individen antingen är eller gör, vilket har betydelse för självuppfattningen. Resultaten visade även att välmående och hållbarhet i relationer, samt stolthet sett till identitet, framhölls som drivkrafter för en icke-monogam relationsfilosofi. Icke-monogami presenterades också som en eftersträvansvärd identitetsmarkör för att ifrågasätta sociala strukturer. Flera deltagare påvisade en växelvis eller cirkulär process där själva avvikandet från tvåsamhetsnormen kan ha sin grund i värden kopplade till identitet likväl som delar av den upplevda identiteten kan ha utvecklats som en produkt av inställningen till relationer. Icke-monogami har i denna studie även presenteras som ett socialt stigma på basis av kontext och bemötande.
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Lichter, James Bernard. "Examining tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons and their relationship with social and genetic monogamy in semi-natural populations of prairie voles Microtus ochrogaster." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1596098759357158.
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Zidat, Timothée. "Communication chimique chez un mammifère social et monogame : rôle dans la sélection sexuelle et les relations entre groupes?" Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE1072.
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La communication chimique (ou olfactive) est la forme de communication la plus répandue dans le règne animal et joue un rôle essentiel dans la médiation des comportements sociaux et reproductifs. Mon travail de thèse a consisté à étudier le rôle que pouvait avoir la communication chimique chez une espèce sociale, la marmotte Alpine (Marmota marmota). Je me suis d'abord intéressée au rôle de l'olfaction dans un contexte de sélection sexuelle. La marmotte Alpine est une espèce à reproduction coopérative et seuls les dominants peuvent se reproduire ce qui génère une compétition intrasexuelle très forte pour l'accès à la reproduction. En analysant les sécrétions de glandes anales de 154 individus par chromatographie en phase gazeuse et spectrométrie de masse, j'ai pu mettre en évidence que les sécrétions chimiques informaient sur le statut de maturité sexuelle, le statut social ainsi que sur le sexe des individus. Ces informations pourraient être impliquées dans la compétition intrasexuelle chez cette espèce. De plus, bien qu'étant socialement monogame, la marmotte Alpine cocufie parfois son partenaire social avec des mâles présentant une meilleure compatibilité génétique (apparentement et génotype au Complexe Majeur d'Histocompatibilité). En analysant les sécrétions de glandes anales de 63 marmottes sexuellement matures, j'ai pu mettre en évidence une concordance entre les distances chimiques et l'apparentement ce qui pourrait permettre aux femelles d'évaluer la compatibilité génétique des partenaires potentiels. Pour finir, la marmotte Alpine étant une espèce territoriale je me suis intéressée au rôle de l'olfaction dans les relations intergroupes. Pour cela, j'ai testé l'hypothèse du « dear enemy phenomenon » et mis en évidence que n'importe quel étranger au groupe social est considéré comme un ennemi du groupe. Pour conclure, mes résultats montrent que la communication chimique semble jouer un rôle essentiel dans les interactions sociales et reproductives chez la marmotte AlpineChemical communication (or olfaction) is the most common form of communication in the animal kingdom and plays an essential role in mediating social and reproductive behaviour. During my Ph.D. thesis, I study the role of chemical communication in a social species, the Alpine marmot (Marmota marmota). I was first interested in the role of olfaction in sexual selection context. The Alpine marmot is a cooperative breeder and only the dominant pair access to the reproduction, generating an intense intra-sexual competition for access to reproduction. By analysing anal gland secretions of 154 individuals with gas chromatography and mass spectrometry, I found that anal gland secretions could inform on sexual maturity, social status and sex. This information may be involved in intra-sexual competition in this species. Furthermore, although being a socially monogamous species, extra-pair paternity occurs in the Alpine marmot. Females choose males with an optimal genetic compatibility (relatedness and genotype to the Major Histocompatibility Complex). By analysing anal gland secretions of 63 sexually mature marmots, I found a significant concordance between chemical distance and relatedness, allowing females to assess the genetic compatibility of the potential partners. Finally, the Alpine marmot as being a territorial species, I was interested in the role of olfaction in relations between groups. For this, I tested the "dear enemy" hypothesis and I highlighted that any stranger to the social group is considered as an enemy of the group. To conclude, chemical communication plays an essential role in social and reproductive interactions in social species
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Cheperka, Ryan Anne. "Assessing Lesbians' Beliefs About and Attitudes Toward Bisexual Women: Does Valuing Monogamy Relate?" Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1796330231&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Munshi-South, Jason. "Asocial monogamy, extra-pair paternity, and dispersal in the large treeshrew (Tupaia tana)." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3467.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2006.Thesis research directed by: Behavior, Ecology, Evolution and Systematics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Nicholls, Kate. "Researching relationships : unpacking the discursive organisation of infidelity and monogamy in personal relationships." Thesis, City University London, 2009. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/12446/.
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This research employed a social constructionist paradigm and utilised discourse analysis to examine the discursive organisation of infidelity and monogamy in personal relationships. Twenty-five participants took part in this study, fifteen taking part in semi-structured interviews and ten participants taking part in group discussions (two groups of three, one group of four). The interviews and focus groups primarily explored participants’ views and experiences of monogamy and infidelity in relationships. The focus group participants were also convened for second meetings, where participants discussed the results and analysis generated from their first group meeting. The discursive analysis employed in this research was guided by a Discursive Psychology approach (Potter & Wetherell 1987) and a methodology developed to explore ‘discourse analysis in action’ by incorporating principles from Action Research. The results presented explored discursive constructions of monogamy, infidelity, relationship break-ups and also several broader relationship discourses. The findings suggest that although there is a grand discourse of monogamy often informing participants’ discussions of personal relationships, and participants draw on normative discourses in terms of labelling behaviour as in/fidelity. Participants also diversely rework discourses of monogamy and infidelity to present more contextualised accounts, varyingly constructed around their own lived experiences. The findings highlight the potential for confusion and interpersonal complications, as well as the complications for researchers, when negotiating and exploring the terrain of monogamy and infidelity in personal relationships. The findings further point to the theoretical importance of paying attention to the constructed nature of language and its role in constructing varying relationship realities. Further this thesis has contributed to a theoretical and methodological debate on the development of the use of discourse analysis as an appropriate methodology, the development of a framework to explore ‘discourse analysis in action’ posited the benefits of incorporating principles from action research into a discourse analysis method. This methodology component was theoretically interesting and also invaluable in terms of adding to the analysis and the understanding gained of infidelity and monogamy in personal relationships.
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Santiago, Rafael da Silva. "O mito da monogamia à luz do direito civil-constitucional : a necessidade de uma proteção normativa às relações de poliamor." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2014. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/16193.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Direito, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Direito, 2014.Submitted by Bruna Cares (repositorio@bce.unb.br) on 2014-09-03T18:29:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2014_RafaeldaSilvaSantiago.pdf: 1664657 bytes, checksum: 911189645b7672714b20ccb9b5035c43 (MD5)
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A pesquisa tem como principal propósito o reconhecimento jurídico das famílias decorrentes das relações de poliamor, as quais, em geral, encontram-se à margem da proteção normativa que lhe é devida, dando origem à insegurança e à negação de direitos fundamentais. Traz como premissa uma identificação inicial dos pilares desse reconhecimento, tendo como principais objetivos a caracterização do poliamor como uma identidade relacional capaz de dar origem a famílias e a desconstrução da normatividade da monogamia. Além disso, por intermédio de argumentos de Direito Civil-Constitucional, sugere-se o reconhecimento jurídico das relações de poliamor pela sua sintonia com (i) a dignidade da pessoa humana, (ii) a liberdade nas relações familiares, (iii) a solidariedade familiar, (iv) a igualdade, (v) a afetividade, (vi) a especial proteção reservada à família, (vii) o pluralismo das entidades familiares e (viii) a mínima intervenção do Estado na família. Por fim, o estudo tem como principal hipótese a conclusão de que o poliamor é uma identidade relacional capaz de dar origem a uma ou várias famílias, constituindo uniões estáveis e matrimônios, de modo que o Estado deve garantir a mesma proteção normativa tanto para a família monogâmica quanto para a família poliamorosa. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT
The study aims to defend the legal recognition of families coming from polyamory, which in general are outside the normative protection they deserve, causing insecurity and denial of fundamental rights. The thesis is premised on an initial identification of the pillars of this recognition and develops as its main objectives the characterization of polyamory as a relational identity able to result in families and the deconstruction of the normativity of monogamy. Furthermore, we suggest the legal recognition of polyamory through arguments of Civil-Constitutional Law, because of its harmony with (i) human dignity, (ii) freedom in family relationships, (iii) family solidarity, (iv) equality, (v) affectivity, (vi) the special protection that family deserves, (vii) the pluralism of families and (viii) the minimal State intervention in family. Finally, the study's main hypothesis is the conclusion that polyamory is a relational identity able to result in one or more families and to form stable unions and marriages, so the State must guarantee the same protection for the monogamous family and the polyamorous family.
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Boisvert, Marie-Pier. "Partenariats pluriels : le polyamour dans trois romans québécois, suivi de Au 5e, roman d'amours." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7609.
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Présenté en deux parties, un essai et une création, ce mémoire se veut une première exploration de la présence du polyamour dans la littérature québécoise. Alors que la monogamie règne toujours en maître du « vécurent heureux et eurent beaucoup d’enfants » dans la plupart des fictions littéraires, le modèle polyamoureux – posant qu’il est possible et acceptable d’aimer plus d’une personne et d’entretenir plusieurs relations amoureuses à la fois – s’inscrit comme un nouveau possible. Considérant ce modèle comme une critique de la monogamie institutionnelle et de la contrainte à cette dernière (ou mononormavité), la présente recherche étudie la représentation du polyamour dans trois romans québécois : C’est la faute au bonheur d’Arlette Fortin (2001), Ainsi font-elles toutes de Clara Ness (2005) et Tarquimpol de Serge Lamothe (2007). L’étude du nombre de partenaires impliqués, de leur configuration et du contrat établi dans chaque cellule amoureuse permet de mettre en lumière les éléments communs ou exclusifs à chaque récit et de comparer leurs discours. L’essai est suivi d’un court roman racontant l’irruption d’une cinquième personne dans un appartement où les colocataires partagent déjà leur amour, leurs ressources et, occasionnellement, leur sexualité. Cette création se pose à la fois en continuation et en opposition avec les romans étudiés, en évitant les pièges hétéronormatifs présents dans ces derniers, et en intégrant le polyamour dans le quotidien des personnages.
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Richmond, Ashley R. "The effects of avpr1a microsatellite length and population density on indices of social and genetic monogamy in male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster)." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1187962649.
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