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1

Conley, Terri D., Jennifer L. Piemonte, Staci Gusakova, and Jennifer D. Rubin. "Sexual satisfaction among individuals in monogamous and consensually non-monogamous relationships." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 35, no. 4 (March 23, 2018): 509–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407517743078.

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Monogamous individuals are believed to have better sex lives than those who are consensually non-monogamous (CNM). We compared the sexual satisfaction of CNM and monogamous individuals and also considered the relationship satisfaction of participants utilizing a non-targeted sample of CNM participants. We found that monogamous people reported slightly lower sexual satisfaction and lower orgasm rates than those who are CNM. Moreover, the type of CNM in which a person engages is important: swingers consistently reported higher sexual satisfaction than monogamous individuals, whereas those in open relationships had equivalent levels of satisfaction to those in monogamous relationships. Relationship satisfaction did not differ between CNM and monogamous groups. These findings do not support the perception that people in monogamous relationships have better sex than CNM individuals.
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Moors, Amy C., Jes L. Matsick, and Heath A. Schechinger. "Unique and Shared Relationship Benefits of Consensually Non-Monogamous and Monogamous Relationships." European Psychologist 22, no. 1 (January 2017): 55–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000278.

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Abstract. The increased media and public curiosity on the topic of consensual non-monogamy (CNM) presents an interesting case, given that these types of relationships are highly stigmatized. In the present review piece, we first situate common themes of benefits that people believe are afforded to them by their CNM relationships within the current state of the literature to provide insight into unique and shared (with monogamy) relationship benefits. This approach helps uncover relationship benefits and theoretical advances for research on CNM by highlighting some of the key features of CNM relationships that people find rewarding, including need fulfillment, variety of activities, and personal growth and development. Second, we discuss common misconceptions about CNM and stigma toward CNM. Finally, we conclude with future directions and recommendations for scholars interested in pursuing research on CNM.
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Wood, Jessica, Serge Desmarais, Tyler Burleigh, and Robin Milhausen. "Reasons for sex and relational outcomes in consensually nonmonogamous and monogamous relationships." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 35, no. 4 (March 23, 2018): 632–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407517743082.

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Approximately 4% of individuals in North America participate in consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships, wherein all partners have agreed to additional sexual and/or emotional partnerships. The CNM relationships are stigmatized and viewed as less stable and satisfying than monogamous relationships, a perception that persists despite research evidence. In our study, we assess the legitimacy of this negative perception by using a self-determination theory (SDT) framework to explore how sexual motivation impacts relational and sexual satisfaction among CNM and monogamous participants in romantic relationships. A total of 348 CNM ( n = 142) and monogamous participants ( n = 206) were recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk. (2016). www.mturk.com ) to complete a cross-sectional survey. Participants reported on their sexual motivations during their most recent sexual event, their level of sexual need fulfillment, and measures of sexual and relational satisfaction with their current (primary) partner. The CNM and monogamous participants reported similar reasons for engaging in sex, though CNM participants were significantly more likely to have sex for personal intrinsic motives. No differences in mean levels of relationship and sexual satisfaction were found between CNM and monogamous individuals. Participants who engaged in sex for more self-determined reasons reported increased relational and sexual satisfaction. This relationship was mediated by sexual need fulfillment; participants who reported more self-determined motives reported higher levels of need fulfillment and, in turn, greater relationship and sexual satisfaction. This study indicates that CNM and monogamous individuals report similar levels of satisfaction within their relationship(s) and that the mechanisms that affect relational and sexual satisfaction are similar for both CNM and monogamous individuals. Our research extends theoretical understandings of motivation within romantic relationships and suggests that SDT is a useful framework for considering the impact of sexual motivation on relational outcomes.
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Balzarini, Rhonda N., Christoffer Dharma, Amy Muise, and Taylor Kohut. "Eroticism Versus Nurturance." Social Psychology 50, no. 3 (May 2019): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-9335/a000378.

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Abstract. Romantic partners provide both erotic and nurturing experiences, though these may emerge more strongly in different phases of a relationship. Unlike individuals in monogamous relationships, those in polyamorous relationships can pursue multiple romantic relationships simultaneously, potentially allowing them to experience higher levels of eroticism and nurturance. This research examined eroticism and nurturance among individuals in polyamorous and monogamous relationships. As expected, polyamorous participants experienced less eroticism but more nurturance in their relationships with their primary partner compared to secondary. Furthermore, people in polyamorous relationships reported more nurturance with primary partners and eroticism with secondary partners compared to people in monogamous relationships. These findings suggest that polyamory may provide a unique opportunity for individuals to experience both eroticism and nurturance simultaneously.
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Aggarwal, Pankaj, and Mengze Shi. "Monogamous versus Polygamous Brand Relationships." Journal of the Association for Consumer Research 3, no. 2 (April 2018): 188–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/697078.

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6

Mogilski, Justin K., Simon D. Reeve, Sylis C. A. Nicolas, Sarah H. Donaldson, Virginia E. Mitchell, and Lisa L. M. Welling. "Jealousy, Consent, and Compersion Within Monogamous and Consensually Non-Monogamous Romantic Relationships." Archives of Sexual Behavior 48, no. 6 (January 3, 2019): 1811–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-018-1286-4.

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Domínguez, Giazú Enciso, Joan Pujol, Johanna F. Motzkau, and Miroslav Popper. "Suspended transitions and affective orderings: From troubled monogamy to liminal polyamory." Theory & Psychology 27, no. 2 (April 2017): 183–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959354317700289.

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While monogamy is the norm for romantic and intimate relationships in contemporary western societies, having other sexual and affective interactions alongside a monogamous relationship is a common practice. Instead of a unilateral and/or covert non-monogamy, polyamory promises a consensual, ethical, and responsible non-monogamy. The personal transformation of normative cultural frameworks is fundamental to the experience of “becoming polyamorous.” This article explores such occasions using the notion of liminality in order to illustrate the phenomenon of “liminal hotspots.” Focusing on a specific and exemplary case describing the first stages of a polyamorous relationship, the paper explores the reordering of social formations involved. In this case, “becoming polyamorous” is expressed through a process of suspended transition where categories can be described as both/and monogamous/polyamorous and neither/nor monogamous/polyamorous.
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8

Willis, Abbey S. "“One among many”? Relational panopticism and negotiating non-monogamies." Sexualities 22, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 507–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460718756569.

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Drawing on qualitative in-depth interviews with people in the USA who have formed consensually non-monogamous relationships, this article introduces the term relational panopticism and uses empirical data to demonstrate the theoretical concept. Three primary themes in the data illustrate the origin, expression, and enforcement of relational panopticism: (1) encounters with institutions; (2) encounters with personal networks; and (3) coping and resistance strategies. Focusing on the daily reproduction of compulsory monogamy and the ways in which people in non-monogamous relationships negotiate and resist that reproduction, this study reveals how marginalized romantic and sexual relationship configurations are received and negotiated in interaction with family, peer groups, and institutions.
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Landor, Antoinette M., and Virginia Ramseyer Winter. "Relationship quality and comfort talking about sex as predictors of sexual health among young women." Journal of Social and Personal Relationships 36, no. 11-12 (April 22, 2019): 3934–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0265407519842337.

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Dating relationships of young adults have gained increased attention in recent years. However, the relationship characteristics and interpersonal factors that are associated with positive sexual health outcomes among young women in monogamous, sexual relationships are not well understood. Using a sample of 339 young adult women, this study examined how relationship quality was associated with sexual health outcomes and whether these associations varied by comfort communicating about sex. Relationship quality and comfort communicating about sex was associated with pregnancy prevention and substance use during sexual activity. Comfort communicating about sex also moderated the link between relationship quality and taking more precautions to prevent pregnancy. Additionally, results indicated that young women who were more comfortable communicating about sex had higher odds of substance use during sexual activity. Findings suggest that research should not underestimate the potential sexual risk of monogamous relationships and that relationship characteristics should be discussed when practitioners are encouraging healthy sexual decision-making.
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Castro, Aurelio. "Stories Told Together: Male Narratives of Non-Monogamous Bi+ and Heterosexual Men." Archives of Sexual Behavior 50, no. 4 (May 2021): 1461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02008-6.

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AbstractThe stories we tell about our identities and sexual orientations shape how we perform gendered scripts and negotiate relationships with significant others. Previous literature inquired the styles and outcomes of consensual non-monogamous (CNM) relationships, but more research is need on how CNM men resist or abide to hegemonic models of masculinity. To understand how constructions of masculinity and conceptualizations of sexual orientation are embedded in CNMs, the study analysed the stories of non-monogamous Bi+ and heterosexual men. Following a critical narrative approach, the study inquired the diverse conceptualizations of masculinity, sexual orientation and relationship practices in the narratives of 20 non-monogamous Bi+ and heterosexual identified men. The semi-structured in-depth narrative interviews (105 min on average) were analyzed via Nvivo 12 and explored their stories of desire and the sense-making process of being sexually oriented to one or more genders and to one or more partner/s. Engaging in non-monogamy was signified as a relevant insight from their personal stories and/or from adopting new concepts of desire beyond the “love as a zero-sum game.” The latter theme was also shared by many heterosexual participants that, when negotiating a non-monogamous agreement, signified their attractions to more than one person as part of their personal identity. Finally, the paper discusses how non-monogamous spaces can offer a positive and safe space for bisexuals/Bi+ people to explore and reaffirm their identities, constantly challenged by biphobia, invisibility, and erasure. Experiences and stories of Italian cisgender Bi+ and heterosexual men cannot be generalized to the whole spectrum of masculinities within CNM spaces, and the study lacks how other gendered and sexual subjectivities construct masculinity. Diverse stories and construction of sexuality and gender can lead to similar relationship preferences and understanding how we signify them can greatly improve our understanding of intimacies.
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11

Wood, Jessica, Carm De Santis, Serge Desmarais, and Robin Milhausen. "Motivations for Engaging in Consensually Non-Monogamous Relationships." Archives of Sexual Behavior 50, no. 4 (May 2021): 1253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01873-x.

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12

Vasallo, Brigitte. "Monogamous Mind, Polyamorous Terror." Sociological Research Online 24, no. 4 (May 1, 2019): 680–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780419835563.

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Monogamy is not a practice, but a system and a way of thinking. The monogamous mind extends from our romantic relationships with our national identities in a historic development linked to capitalism and colonialism. Monogamy is the latest step in the binary sex-gender system and must be observed as a part of it. Following the works of, among others, Michel Foucault, Arthur Evans, and Silvia Federici, as well as Frantz Fanon and Cedric Rodinson in colonialism, we can observe how the implementation of compulsory monogamy took place and where. Also, which are the key points to observe when we analyse forms of non-monogamy in the Occidental context.
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13

Killeen, Eric. "Consensual Non-Monogamy and Relationship Satisfaction." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 14, no. 2 (April 11, 2022): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29825.

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While monogamy is often depicted as the “normal,” ideal relationship model in our society, consensually non-monogamous relationship forms, wherein participants openly and transparently agree to pursue sexual and/or emotional connections with individuals beyond the dyad, are increasing in prevalence. This paper investigates the existing evidence as to whether individuals in these relationships are happier than those engaged in conventional monogamy, analyzing past research and breaking down demographic and social factors that may both enhance and attenuate non-monogamous relationship satisfaction. There is evidence that non-monogamy increases relationship satisfaction for at least some individuals, but there is little compelling evidence that all monogamists would be happier exploring non-monogamy. Given the relatively recent emergence of research in this area, further research would be beneficial.
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Bruce, Carly. "The End of Monogamy? An Exploration of Non-monogamous Relationship Dynamics." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 14, no. 2 (January 1, 2022): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29769.

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Although monogamy is the dominant relationship style in the Western world, there are alternative options for non-monogamous relationship dynamics. This paper works to explore how the roots of how monogamy became the dominant structure, the hidden drawbacks of monogamy, how those who assert monogamy to be compulsory hold a stigma against those who partake in other dynamics, and how this stigma can work to oppress. It also explores what those dynamics are, who participates in them, and a myriad of benefits that non-monogamous relationships can have. Overall coming to the conclusion that everyone should be able to make an informed decision, free of societal judgment, to partake in whatever dynamic they may choose.
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Al-Krenawi, Alean, and Yaniv Kanat-Maymon. "Psychological symptomatology, self-esteem and life satisfactions of women from polygamous and monogamous marriages in Syria." International Social Work 60, no. 1 (July 10, 2016): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020872814562478.

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This study is the first to examine and compare the psychological symptomatology, self-esteem and life satisfaction of women in polygamous and monogamous relationships in Syria. A convenience sample of 276 women was studied, of whom 163 were senior wives in polygamous marriages and 113 were wives in monogamous marriages. Findings revealed that senior wives in polygamous marriages experienced lower self-esteem, less life satisfaction and more mental health symptomatology than women in monogamous marriages. Many of the mental health symptoms were different; noteworthy were elevated somatization, depression, hostility and psychoticism. Implications for mental health practice, policy and further research are discussed.
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Cardoso, Daniel, Patricia M. Pascoal, and Francisco Hertel Maiochi. "Defining Polyamory: A Thematic Analysis of Lay People’s Definitions." Archives of Sexual Behavior 50, no. 4 (May 2021): 1239–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02002-y.

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AbstractThis study aimed to analyze laypeople’s definitions of polyamory and compare definitions presented by people who are not willing to engage in consensual non-monogamy (CNM) and those who are or are willing to be in a CNM relationship. This exploratory qualitative study used data collected from a convenience sample through a web survey, where people answered the question “What does polyamory mean?” We conducted thematic analysis to examine patterns in meaning and used demographic data to compare themes among groups. The final sample comprised 463 participants aged 18–66 years (M = 32.19, SD = 10.02), mostly heterosexual (60%). Of the total sample, 54% were in a monogamous relationship, followed by 21% not in a relationship, and 13% in a non-monogamous relationship. Analysis showed that people define polyamory mostly as a set of behaviors in a relationship, followed by the potential of multiple relationships or feelings for multiple people. Definitions also include emotional, sexual, and ethical aspects. People in CNM relationships are more likely to define polyamory as constituting a potential form of relating, focus more on interpersonal feelings and ethics, and include consent in their definitions than those unwilling to engage in CNM. People in CNM relationships also focus particularly on the non-central role of sex within these relationships, which might challenge assumptions about sexuality in these relationships in clinical and research settings.
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Closson, Kalysha, Tadiwa Nemutambwe, Zoë Osborne, Gem Y. Lee, Colby Hangle, Sadie Stephenson, Patience Magagula, et al. "Relationship and Gender Equity Measurement Among Gender-Inclusive Young Women and Non-Binary Youth in British Columbia (RE-IMAGYN BC): Planning a Youth-Led, Community-Based, Qualitative Research Study." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 22 (January 6, 2023): 160940692211484. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16094069221148415.

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Gender-based power dynamics within intimate relationships such as controlling behaviours are driven by inequitable gender norms that perpetuate intimate partner violence (IPV). Yet, the ways in which we understand and measure gender-based power dynamics focus on the relationships of monogamous, cisgender, white, heterosexual women. This paper outlines our process of planning and implementing a qualitative, youth-led, community-based research (CBR) study exploring how diverse youth with intersecting identities perceive existing measures of gender equity and understand gender equity based on their own relationships. Between August-November 2022, we used purposive sampling to recruit 30 gender-inclusive young women and non-binary youth aged 17–29 with diverse identities, who live in British Columbia (BC), and have recent experience in a non-heterosexual and/or non-monogamous relationship (within prior 12 months). Using CBR methods, we hired and trained three Youth Research Associates (YRAs) and convened a 10-member Youth Advisory Committee (YAC) comprised of youth aged 19–28 years with queer, trans, and/or non-monogamous identities and experiences to consult on all aspects of our study. YRAs conducted cognitive interviews using an interview guide co-developed and piloted in partnership with the YAC and YRAs. Cognitive interviews explored youth perceptions of gender equity and two gender equity measures widely used in health research today. Interview data will be analyzed collaboratively using intersectional descriptive and thematic analysis. Results from our CBR study will be used to make recommendations to advance gender equity measurement to be more inclusive of and applicable to a diversity of youth relationships, experiences, and identities.
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Flicker, Sharon M., Michelle D. Vaughan, and Lawrence S. Meyers. "Feeling Good About Your Partners’ Relationships: Compersion in Consensually Non-Monogamous Relationships." Archives of Sexual Behavior 50, no. 4 (May 2021): 1569–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-01985-y.

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Hartman-Linck, Julie E. "Keeping Bisexuality Alive: Maintaining Bisexual Visibility in Monogamous Relationships." Journal of Bisexuality 14, no. 2 (April 3, 2014): 177–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15299716.2014.903220.

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Al-Krenawi, Alean, and Vered Slonim-Nevo. "The Psychosocial Profile of Bedouin Arab Women Living in Polygamous and Monogamous Marriages." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 89, no. 1 (January 2008): 139–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.3718.

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This study examining the psychosocial profile of Bedouin Arab Women living in polygamous and monogamous marriages found that women in polygamous marriages reported lower levels of self-esteem and higher levels of somatization, depression, anxiety, hostility, paranoid ideation, more problematic family functioning, less marital satisfaction, and more problematic mother–child relationships than women in monogamous marriages. The sample consisted of 315 women, 156 from polygamous and 159 from monogamous families. The respondents completed the Self-Esteem scale (SE), The Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI), The McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), The Enrich questionnaire and the Index of Parental Attitudes. The polygamous family structure and the economic difficulties widespread, apparently constitutes a substantial contribution to the polygamous household's impaired family functioning.
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Kolstee, Johann, Steven Philpot, Jeffrey Grierson, Benjamin R. Bavinton, Duane Duncan, and Garrett Prestage. "Partnership agreements less likely among young gay and bisexual men in Australia – data from a national online survey of gay and bisexual men’s relationships." Sexual Health 14, no. 4 (2017): 355. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh16054.

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Background: How gay and bisexual men (GBM) establish partnership agreements may be affected by several factors, including age. The ability to communicate with a partner about sexual agreements has important sexual health implications for GBM. Objective: To assess differences in partnership agreements among GBM. Methods: We surveyed GBM about their partnerships using a national, anonymous online survey in 2013–14. We compared men who had monogamous partnerships with men who had non-monogamous partnerships, according to age and other factors. Results: Regarding the nature of their partnership with their primary regular partner (PRP), younger men were less likely to have an agreement of any sort and were less likely to have discussed it. Younger men were more likely to report having a monogamous partnership, but they were also less likely to report condomless anal intercourse with their PRP. In multivariate analysis of partnership arrangements, having a non-monogamous partnership with their PRP was associated with being older (adjusted odds ratio = 1.03; 95% confidence interval = 1.02–1.04; P < 0.001). Nearly two-thirds (62.9%) of men with monogamous partnerships had a clear spoken agreement with their PRP about whether they could have sex with other men, largely regardless of age. Although slightly fewer than half the men with self-described open partnerships (46.0%) actually described it as a ‘relationship’, younger men were particularly less likely to do so. Conclusions: Due to less communication with partners about sexual agreements, when young GBM engage in sexual risk behaviour they may be at an increased risk of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections.
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Klesse, Christian. "Theorizing multi-partner relationships and sexualities – Recent work on non-monogamy and polyamory." Sexualities 21, no. 7 (July 3, 2017): 1109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363460717701691.

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This review article attests to the maturation of research into consensual non-monogamy and polyamory. It provides an in-depth review of a selection of recent publications that push boundaries and pair interdisciplinary inquiry with queer sensibility and theoretical sophistication in the three areas of theorizing emotions, theorizing intimacies and sexualities and theorizing discourses and the public sphere. This work foregrounds the persistence of moral normativity and judgemental attitudes regarding consensual non-monogamy. It underscores the power dimension around non/monogamy and reveals the complexity of contradictory dynamics of discrimination and privileging around non/monogamous life choices. It shows how non-monogamous people deconstruct feeling rules and demonstrates the nodal function of gender and race/ethnicity in the discursive framings of different forms of non-monogamy.
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Boucherie, Palmyre H., Mylène M. Mariette, Céline Bret, and Valérie Dufour. "Bonding beyond the pair in a monogamous bird: impact on social structure in adult rooks (Corvus frugilegus)." Behaviour 153, no. 8 (2016): 897–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1568539x-00003372.

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The formation of social bonds outside the mated pair is not frequently reported in monogamous birds, although it may be expected in some species like rooks, living in groups all year round. Here we explore the social structure of captive adult rooks over three breeding seasons. We recorded proximities and affiliations (i.e., allofeeding, allopreening, contact-sit) to classify relationships according to their strength. Three categories of relationships emerged: primary (i.e., pairs), secondary and weak relationships. Affiliations and sexual behaviours were not restricted to pairs, and secondary relationships were clearly recognizable. Mixed-sex secondary relationships were qualitatively equivalent to pairs (i.e., same behaviours in the same proportions), although they were quantitatively less intense. Same sex pairs occurred, and were qualitatively equivalent to mixed-sex pairs. Overall we found that rooks social structure is more than just an aggregation of pairs, which highlights the importance of considering extra-pair relationships in socially monogamous birds.
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Londero-Santos, Amanda, Jean Carlos Natividade, and Terezinha Féres-Carneiro. "Do romantic relationships promote happiness? Relationships’ characteristics as predictors of subjective well-being." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 15, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.4195.

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This study aimed to investigate the predictive power of aspects of the romantic relationship on subjective well-being, beyond what is explained by sociodemographic and personality variables. Participants were 490 heterosexual adults (68.8% women), all involved in a monogamous romantic relationship. Romantic relationship variables were substantial predictors of the three components of subjective well-being, explaining 21% of the variance in life satisfaction, 19% of the variance in positive affect, and 15% of the variance in negative affect, in addition to sociodemographic variables and personality factors. Still, relationship satisfaction was one of the main predictors of subjective well-being. The results highlight the importance of romantic relationships over subjective well-being, suggesting that cultivating satisfying romantic relationships contributes to a happier life.
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Grinkov, Vladimir G., Andreas Bauer, Sergey I. Gashkov, Helmut Sternberg, and Michael Wink. "Diversity of social-genetic relationships in the socially monogamous pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) breeding in Western Siberia." PeerJ 6 (December 6, 2018): e6059. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6059.

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We explored the genetic background of social interactions in two breeding metapopulations of the pied flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) in Western Siberia. In 2005, we sampled blood from birds breeding in study areas located in the city of Tomsk and in a natural forest 13 km southward of Tomsk (Western Siberia, Russia). We sampled 30 males, 46 females, 268 nestlings (46 nests) in the urban settlement of pied flycatcher, and 232 males, 250 females, 1,485 nestlings (250 nests) in the woodland plot. DNA fingerprinting was carried out using eight microsatellite loci, which were amplified by two multiplex-PCRs and analyzed by capillary electrophoresis. About 50–58% of all couples were socially and genetically monogamous in both study plots. However, almost all possible social and genetic interactions were detected for non-monogamous couples: polygamy, polyandry, helping, adoption, and egg dumping. Differences in the rate of polygyny and the rate of extra-pair paternity between both study sites could be explained by differences in environmental heterogeneity and breeding density. Our findings suggest that egg dumping, adoption, polygamy, extra pair copulation, and other types of social-genetic interactions are modifications of the monogamous social system caused by patchy environment, breeding density, and birds’ breeding status.
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Balzarini, Rhonda N., Christoffer Dharma, Taylor Kohut, Bjarne M. Holmes, Lorne Campbell, Justin J. Lehmiller, and Jennifer J. Harman. "Demographic Comparison of American Individuals in Polyamorous and Monogamous Relationships." Journal of Sex Research 56, no. 6 (June 18, 2018): 681–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224499.2018.1474333.

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Lehmiller, Justin J. "Fantasies About Consensual Nonmonogamy Among Persons in Monogamous Romantic Relationships." Archives of Sexual Behavior 49, no. 8 (July 29, 2020): 2799–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-020-01788-7.

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Haupert, M. L., Amy C. Moors, Amanda N. Gesselman, and Justin R. Garcia. "Estimates and Correlates of Engagement in Consensually Non-Monogamous Relationships." Current Sexual Health Reports 9, no. 3 (August 22, 2017): 155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11930-017-0121-6.

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Baumgartner, Renate. "‘I think I’m not a relationship person’: Bisexual women’s accounts of (internalised) binegativity in nonmonogamous relationship narratives." Psychology of Sexualities Review 8, no. 2 (2017): 25–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssex.2017.8.2.25.

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This article explores how women (who either had relationships experiences with more than one gender or broadly defined themselves as bisexual) link their non-monogamous relationships with their bisexuality and analyses how these accounts could be argued to reflect these women’s (internalised) binegativity. While binegativity is widely researched, there is a lack of qualitative empirical work on the complexity of bisexual lives in general and of internalised binegativity in particular. This article contributes to these areas of research by drawing on interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to analyse nine qualitative interviews from an ongoing study of bisexual women in Austria. For some of these women, their experiences of non-monogamous relationship forms were linked to (internalised) binegativity, expectations of rejection and concealment of one’s identity; for others, they presented a form of agency. The women showed a range of reactions and strategies related to the positioning of bisexuality and (internalised) binegativity, particularly regarding unfaithfulness: Adoption of binegative self-attributions, excusing the antibisexual notions of others, and engaging in additional emotion work to ensure faithfulness to their partners.
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Balzarini, Rhonda N., Christoffer Dharma, Taylor Kohut, Lorne Campbell, Justin J. Lehmiller, Jennifer J. Harman, and Bjarne M. Holmes. "Comparing Relationship Quality Across Different Types of Romantic Partners in Polyamorous and Monogamous Relationships." Archives of Sexual Behavior 48, no. 6 (May 8, 2019): 1749–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10508-019-1416-7.

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Luef, Eva Maria, Andries Ter Maat, Manuela Jäger, and Simone Pika. "The ‘culture of two’: Communication accommodation in ravens’ (Corvus corax) nonvocal signaling." Journal of Language Evolution 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jole/lzz008.

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Abstract The theory of communication accommodation refers to linguistic processes through which human interactants—consciously or subconsciously—shift their speech and gesture styles to resemble those of their conversation partners. This phenomenon represents a crucial feature of human language and is particularly pronounced in affiliative and/or strong relationships. Communication accommodation is suggested to reflect a need for social integration or identification with other individuals and, as such, plays an important role in communication within closely-knit social units and in particular monogamous relationships. Concerning nonhuman animals, the phenomenon of communication accommodation has received relatively little research attention. Here, we tested whether common ravens (Corvus corax), which are known for their sophisticated communicative skills and lifelong monogamous pair bonds, accommodate their nonvocal signals within a relationship (i.e., pair-partners). Specifically, we investigated whether the nonvocal signals exchanged within pairs become synchronized over time. Our results provided evidence that raven pairs matched their repertoires, with recipients reciprocating the signals of their communication partners in relation to time spent together. This study thus strengthens the hypothesis that the motives to form and maintain affiliate relationships may have been crucial in boosting not only cognitive but also communicative abilities, and provides insight into the role social bonding might have played in the evolution of communicative plasticity.
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Al-Krenawi, Alean, and John R. Graham. "A Comparison of Family Functioning, Life and Marital Satisfaction, and Mental Health of Women in Polygamous and Monogamous Marriages." International Journal of Social Psychiatry 52, no. 1 (January 2006): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00207640060061245.

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Background: A considerable body of research concludes that the polygamous family structure has an impact on children's and wives’ psychological, social and family functioning. Aims: The present study is among the first to consider within the same ethnoracial community such essential factors as family functioning, life satisfaction, marital satisfaction and mental health functioning among women who are in polygamous marriages and women who are in monogamous marriages. Method: A sample of 352 Bedouin-Arab women participated in this study: 235 (67%) were in a monogamous marriage and 117 (33%) were in a polygamous marriage. Results: Findings reveal differences between women in polygamous and monogamous marriages. Women in polygamous marriages showed significantly higher psychological distress, and higher levels of somatisation, phobia and other psychological problems. They also had significantly more problems in family functioning, marital relationships and life satisfaction. Conclusion: The article calls on public policy and social service personnel to increase public awareness of the significance of polygamous family structures for women's wellbeing.
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Groza, Madalina. "‘The most important thing is that we actually work together towards our relationship.’An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis on how young women in couple relationships experience mental health and wellbeing." QMiP Bulletin 1, no. 36 (2023): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsqmip.2023.1.36.44.

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Young women’s mental health is reported to be poorer, and it seems to be most affected by relationship quality in comparison to young men. This study explored the experiences of mental health and wellbeing in young women’s couple relationships. The participants were five females, between 19 to 28 years old, and were in monogamous long-term heterosexual couple relationships. The data was collected via semi-structured interviews, which was later analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. The findings demonstrate that couple relationships seemed to only have a positive impact on the participants’ wellbeing if their investments within the relationship were reciprocated. These findings have the potential to aid support services by shedding light on the role that the quality of couple relationships play in young women’s mental health and wellbeing.
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Voytysheva, Veronika I. "DIFFERENCES IN ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN YOUNG PEOPLE WITH MONOGAMOUS OR POLYAMOROUS PARTNERS." RSUH/RGGU Bulletin. Series Psychology. Pedagogics. Education, no. 2 (2022): 94–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.28995/2073-6398-2022-2-94-105.

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The article is devoted to the study of the phenomenon of polyamorous relationships, as well as the characteristics of a person who prefers such relationships. The history of the emergence and study of this phenomenon, as well as its significant differences from other forms of romantic relationships, is discussed. The analysis of theoretical sources discusses Bowlby’s theory of attachment, as well as the work of his followers. The research related to the study of polyamorous relationships and the characteristics of people included in these relationships are considered. Also, an important part of the topic of polyamorous relationships is the stigma around, both on the part of the inhabitants and on the part of researchers - in scientific articles, questionnaires. The phenomenon of polyamorous relationships still remains unexplored due to the prejudices that have arisen about this format of romantic relationships. The purpose of the article is partly to show these prejudices and to show the diversity of this topic in scientific discourse. The study examines the features of the experience of loneliness and attachment components of young people involved in romantic relationships of monogamous and polyamorous types. Intergroup differences are shown between men and women, representatives of different age groups, respondents with different marital status and practicing different types of romantic relationships.
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35

Conley, Terri D., Jes L. Matsick, Amy C. Moors, and Ali Ziegler. "Investigation of Consensually Nonmonogamous Relationships." Perspectives on Psychological Science 12, no. 2 (March 2017): 205–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1745691616667925.

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We proposed that the premise that monogamy is the exemplary form of romantic partnership underlies much theory and research on relationship quality, and we addressed how this bias has prompted methodological issues that make it difficult to effectively address the quality of nonmonogamous relationships. Because the idea that consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships are functional (i.e., satisfying and of high quality) is controversial, we included a basic study to assess, in a variety of ways, the quality of these relationships. In that study, we found few differences in relationship functioning between individuals engaged in monogamy and those in CNM relationships. We then considered how existing theories could help researchers to understand CNM relationships and how CNM relationships could shed light on relationship processes, and we proposed a model of how CNM and monogamous relationships differ. Finally, in a second study, we determined that even researchers who present data about CNM are affected by the stigma surrounding such relationships. That is, researchers presenting findings favoring polyamory were perceived as more biased than researchers presenting findings favoring monogamy.
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Nicholls, Kate E. "Prescriptions/descriptions: Relationship ‘norms’ and the ‘othering’ of relationships within self-help texts." Lesbian & Gay Psychology Review 7, no. 2 (July 2006): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpslg.2006.7.2.192.

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This paper describes the relationship norms inherent within relationship self-help texts and explores ‘othered’ relationship styles and practices. A form of discourse analysis was used to analyse 12 texts in terms of the presentation of the author and the advice presented, and for the social constructions of personal relationships. It was found that regardless of the approach adopted by the author (in terms of a nonhierarchical or hierarchical style), the relationship constructions presented were equally problematic in terms of their normative prescriptive ideals. The texts contained heterosexist norms and a general inattention and invisibility of lesbian, gay or bisexual relationships. Furthermore, marriage and ‘coupledom’ was presented as the ideal relationship style, with a marginalisation of singleness and non-monogamous relationships. Caution is needed when reading and recommending relationship self-help texts, as they contain powerful positional devices and prescribe particular relationship patterns/structures.
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LaSala, Michael. "Extradyadic Sex and Gay Male Couples: Comparing Monogamous and Nonmonogamous Relationships." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 85, no. 3 (January 2004): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.1502.

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38

LaSala, Michael C. "Extradyadic Sex and Gay Male Couples: Comparing Monogamous and Nonmonogamous Relationships." Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 85, no. 3 (July 2004): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104438940408500319.

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Kuzio, Isabelle. "Women in Love: Why Women are Expected to Love First and the Exploration of Changing Gender Roles in Heterosexual Romantic Relationships." Canadian Journal of Family and Youth / Le Journal Canadien de Famille et de la Jeunesse 13, no. 3 (May 2, 2021): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjfy29619.

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This paper explores the misconception that women, being perceived in western society as the most emotional gender, is the first to feel love and to say the words “I love you” in a romantic heterosexual relationship. Research has determined that women are expected to say and feel love in a relationship before men, when in reality the opposite is true. I will discuss social expectations of gender norms in heterosexual relationships and the ways in which relationship norms are currently being challenged. I suggest that changes in courtship norms and media influences on youth create inaccurate gender expectations around love and that new technological advances and decrease in the effectiveness of monogamous heterosexual relationships are challenging these gender expectations, therefore the relationship model and the gendered expectations within these relationships, as known by western society, may be obsolete.
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Carlström, Charlotta, and Catrine Andersson. "The queer spaces of BDSM and non-monogamy." Journal of Positive Sexuality 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.51681/1.513.

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Based on interviews and ethnographic fieldwork within BDSM communities in Sweden, this article focuses on links between non-monogamy and BDSM. Drawing on Halberstam´s concept of queer space, the following questions are investigated: What are the connections between BDSM and non-monogamous communities? How does interaction between BDSM and non-monogamous practices create non-normative logic? The transgression of one norm makes it easier to transgress other norms as well, providing opportunities to find new ways of organizing relationships beyond the norms of monogamy. In order for an individual to be able to fully explore kinks in BDSM practices and at the same time respect the boundaries of a partner, nonmonogamy emerges as one logical answer.
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Wright, Paul J., Ekra Miezan, Chyng Sun, and Nicola J. Steffen. "Relational monogamy, condomless sex, and perceptions of pornography as sexual information in an English sample." Sexual Health 16, no. 1 (2019): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh18050.

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Background This study assessed perceptions of pornography as a source of sexual information and condomless sex among a heterosexual sample of sexually active adult pornography consumers in England. Methods: Participants were drawn from an anonymous online survey of culture and sexuality. Results: There was no association between perceiving pornography as a source of sexual information and condomless sex among participants who were in monogamous relationships. Conversely, perceiving pornography as a source of sexual information was associated with condomless sex among participants who were not in monogamous relationships. Conclusion: The results of this study further the research literature on pornography and condomless sex in two ways. First, they suggest that studies that do not take relational monogamy into account may falsely conclude that pornography and condomless sex are unrelated. Second, they suggest that in addition to assessing the use of pornography, studies should measure the degree to which pornography is seen as a means of sexual pedagogy.
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Conley, Terri D., Amy C. Moors, Ali Ziegler, Jes L. Matsick, and Jennifer D. Rubin. "Condom use errors among sexually unfaithful and consensually nonmonogamous individuals." Sexual Health 10, no. 5 (2013): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12194.

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This research involved comparisons of the condom use behaviours of people who are in monogamous relationships but who have engaged in extradyadic sex (i.e. committed infidelity) to those who are in consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships. Consensual nonmonogamy is the practice of openly having multiple sexual or romantic partners simultaneously, with the full knowledge and consent of all participating partners. Participants in CNM relationships used condoms more correctly in their last instance of intercourse than those who were committing infidelity.
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Garner, Curtis, Melanie Person, Chelsi Goddard, Adrienne Patridge, and Tara Bixby. "Satisfaction in Consensual Nonmonogamy." Family Journal 27, no. 2 (March 6, 2019): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480719833411.

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Inaccurate stigmas and stereotypes may prevent individuals involved in consensual nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships from getting the counseling they seek when facing relational issues. Misperceptions regarding the satisfaction level of individuals in CNM relationships may perpetuate stereotypes and complicate therapeutic care. The current research attempted to determine the satisfaction levels of those involved in CNM relationships using the Relationship Assessment Scale (RAS) and the Relational Assessment Questionnaire. Results of N = 150 find a mean of 4.12 (0.76) on the RAS for the CNM group indicating no difference in satisfaction between the CNM sample and individuals identifying as monogamous. This research offers important considerations for counselors in reviewing biases and judgments they may hold in working with this population and contributes to the dearth of literature on CNM populations.
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Smith, Andrew T., and Barbara L. Ivins. "Spatial Relationships and Social Organization in Adult Pikas: A Facultatively Monogamous Mammal." Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie 66, no. 4 (April 26, 2010): 289–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0310.1984.tb01370.x.

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45

Mastrianno, Heather A. "The impact of Zen meditation on security and satisfaction in monogamous relationships." Mental Health, Religion & Culture 15, no. 5 (June 2012): 495–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2011.587402.

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Conley, Terri D., Amy C. Moors, Jes L. Matsick, and Ali Ziegler. "The Fewer the Merrier?: Assessing Stigma Surrounding Consensually Non-monogamous Romantic Relationships." Analyses of Social Issues and Public Policy 13, no. 1 (June 4, 2012): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-2415.2012.01286.x.

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Evans, Karl, Laila Sadler, Amanda Vincent, and A. Dale Marsden. "Temporal and spatial opportunities for polygamy in a monogamous seahorse, Hippocampus whitei." Behaviour 141, no. 2 (2004): 141–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853904322890780.

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AbstractThe sex with the higher potential reproductive rate is expected to mate polygamously unless there are temporal or spatial constraints on mate availability. We investigated whether such constraints were evident in a population of the monogamous seahorse Hippocampus whitei (family Syngnathidae). Across the whole study site, breeding was more asynchronous than expected by chance. Our findings are thus compatible with the hypothesis that asynchronous breeding may promote and/or maintain monogamy. Asynchrony per se was unlikely to explain monogamy entirely, however, as temporal opportunities for polygamy remained and the males that were nearest one another had the lowest level of asynchrony. Moreover, each animal's home range overlapped with home ranges of potential mates other than their partner, implying a lack of spatial constraints on polygamy. We suggest that H. whitei mated monogamously because the benefits of polygamy were reduced by (1) only small differences in the potential reproductive rates of males and females and/or (2) a mate familiarity effect that increased reproductive success in successive matings. Further research could investigate relationships between mating pattern and varying intersexual differences in potential reproductive rates across syngnathid species.
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Gusmano, Beatrice. "The Kintsugi Art of Care: Unraveling Consent in Ethical Non-Monogamies." Sociological Research Online 24, no. 4 (December 17, 2018): 661–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1360780418816103.

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Making a contribution to the sociology of intimacy, this article aims to present how lesbian, gay, bisexual, transsexual, and queer people live their ethical non-monogamous relationships in Italy. Giving great space to the concept of consent through the literature on the ethics of care, I will refer to different conceptualizations of critical consent given by feminist and BDSM communities, spaces in which ethics is based on unveiling power structures through the focus on consent. In fact, the centrality of the collective dimension in embracing ethical non-monogamies appears fundamental, challenging the self-help – and neoliberal – literature according to which polyamory is just a personal choice. Afterwards, I will deepen the concept of care, developing it through its means of communication, attentiveness, responsibility, and responsiveness within relationships. Presented this way, care recognizes us all as interdependent: at the same time, care-givers and care-receivers. I suggest that this interdependency is symbolized by the kintsugi, the Japanese art of repairing broken pottery with a mix of golden powder, a representation of the manifold matrix of care, composed of care-giving, care-receiving, and care for oneself.
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Tripodi, Vera. "Famiglia e matrimonio minimo." SOCIETÀ DEGLI INDIVIDUI (LA), no. 47 (October 2013): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/las2013-047004.

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The present article examines a recent proposal defended by Elizabeth Brake of a new and innovative form of marriage, that she labels «minimal marriage». According to Brake, the current marital laws are discriminatory as they are grounded on «heteronormativity», namely the idea that the dyadic heterosexual marriages are the family norm and the only model that is worth of social recognition, and «amatonormativity», the idea that the only dyadic intimate relationships involving romantic love are the nucleus of the family. In the first part of the article, I show that dyadic monogamous relationships are essentially a form of adult caring relationship. In the second part, I analyse how the reform of the marriage laws (in minimal terms proposed by Brake) allow other forms of caring relationship to receive social and institutional recognition.
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Pereira, Henrique, and Graça Esgalhado. "Intimate Dynamics and Relationship Satisfaction among LGB Adolescents: The Role of Sexual Minority Oppression." Children 8, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8030231.

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Adolescent lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) romantic partners face the challenge of developing satisfactory relationships while managing stressors associated with being members of a stigmatized minority group due to their sexual minority status. The aims of this study were to explore and describe relationship dynamics among LGB adolescents that are in committed same-sex relationships in Portugal, to assess levels of satisfaction with their relationships, and to assess whether LGB oppression was associated with the likelihood of anticipating and experiencing problems within the relationship. A sample of 182 self-identified LGB adolescents (mean age = 17.89 years; SD = 1.99), completed an online survey consisting of various sociodemographic measures, a relationship dynamics questionnaire, a self-assessment of relationship satisfaction, and an adapted version of the Gay and Lesbian Oppressive Situations Inventory. Results show that participants were highly satisfied with their relationships, except those who were non-monogamous and less committed to their relationships. Participants showed moderate levels of LGB oppression situations, and, as demonstrated by the hierarchical multiple regression analysis, age (being older), having lower levels of commitment, and being exposed to higher levels of exclusion, rejection, and separation were strong predictors of lower levels of relationship satisfaction.
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