Journal articles: 'Monolingual dictionary'

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Suryanudin, Muarfian. "An Influential Technological Assistance: Consulting English Monolingual Dictionary Application in Evaluating Student’s English Writing." EDULINK : EDUCATION AND LINGUISTICS KNOWLEDGE JOURNAL 2, no. 2 (September 25, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.32503/edulink.v2i2.1162.

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This research was aimed to describe English Monolingual Dictionary Application, time to consult it, reasons to consult, and the advantages of consulting it in evaluating student’s English writing.The method of this study used descriptive qualitative and two kinds of instruments, namely interview, and documentation. There were three teachers being interviewed. This research resulted that they consulted Oxford Advance Learner’s Dictionary (OALD) 9th edition and Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE) 6th edition available on their own mobile phones. The teachers agreed that they must have consulted their English Monolingual Dictionary Application every time they found unfamiliar words during teaching academic writing especially during evaluating student’s writing. They consulted their English Monolingual Dictionary Application in view of some factors; namely, to confirm meaning, to check spelling, to check the examples of sentences, to check word classes, meaning, and to know whether the words used were grammatically applied well or not and to find synonym for paraphrase After analyzing the finding, the researcher gives some suggestions to the writing teachers, the English teacher, and reader. For the English writing teachers, they are expected to be able to consult English Monolingual Dictionary Application because this research showed that English Monolingual Dictionary Application provided so much help to support teaching in the class especially when evaluating student’s writing product.

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Lipp, Veronika, and László Simon. "Towards a new monolingual Hungarian explanatory dictionary." Studia lexicographica 15, no. 29 (December 17, 2021): 83–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33604/sl.15.29.4.

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The Lexical Knowledge Representation Research Group at the Department of Lexicology is one of the youngest research groups of the Hungarian Research Centre for Linguistics, founded in February 2020. The group is currently working on a new version of a monolingual explanatory dictionary partly based on The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language. The aim is to compile an up-to-date online dictionary of contemporary Hungarian (2001–2020) by corpus-driven methods. The present article describes The Explanatory Dictionary of the Hungarian Language and the Comprehensive Dictionary of Hungarian by presenting their history, the circumstances of their compilation, and the basic editorial guidelines. Then it outlines how the corpus for the planned dictionary is to be set up and how this corpus is to be analysed.

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Chin, Chong Oi, and Vijayaletchumy A/P Subramaniam. "Information Field in Malay Monolingual Dictionary." International Journal of Social Science Research 3, no. 1 (March 16, 2015): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v3i1.7042.

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In-Tae Hwang. "Reading Johnson's Dictionary(1755) as a Standard English Monolingual Dictionary." English Language and Linguistics 18, no. 2 (August 2012): 191–214. http://dx.doi.org/10.17960/ell.2012.18.2.009.

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Alhaisoni, Eid. "Dictionary Look-up Strategies Used by Saudi EFL Students: A Think-Aloud Study." International Journal of English Linguistics 10, no. 3 (March 21, 2020): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v10n3p159.

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This study investigates dictionary look-up strategies (DLS) while performing a reading task by 10 Saudi EFL English major students. Think-aloud protocol was used as an instrument in this study. The results revealed that the subjects used 31 DLS while reading. Reading L1 equivalents and reading L2 definitions were found to be the most frequent strategies that Saudi students use when referring to their dictionaries. The results also demonstrated that the students use the guessing strategy infrequently and prefer to resort to the dictionary immediately. The data also illustrated that the monolingual dictionary yielded different overall success rates. The users of the monolingual dictionary referred to their dictionary to solve 32 words problems (12.5% of all look-ups).

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Tín, Nguyễn Thức Thành. "About the lexicographic statement of monolingual dictionary." Tạp chí Khoa học 14, no. 8 (September 20, 2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.54607/hcmue.js.14.8.272(2017).

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Les dictionnaires de langue apparaissent comme un outil incontournable de tout apprenant de langue étrangère. Parmi eux, le dictionnaire monolingue, rédigé dans la langue-cible, présente bien de caractéristiques énonciatives qui appellent à maintes réflexions. Remplissant plusieurs fonctions, ces ouvrages de genre didactique renferment des énoncés qui relèvent du discours pédagogique, lequel dispose des points de ressemblance et de divergence avec le discours scientifique. Avant d’analyser ces propriétés de l’énoncé lexicographique, l’article fait un détour sur les modalités d’intégration des termes dans la nomenclature ainsi que les types de définitions qu’emploie le dictionnaire, et termine enfin par le rôle du lexicographe

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Storjohann, Petra. "elexiko: A Corpus-Based Monolingual German Dictionary." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 18, no. 34 (March 8, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v18i34.25800.

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This article provides an introduction to elexiko, the ﬁrst German hypertext dictionary to be compiled on a corpus basis, which is currently being developed at the Institut für Deutsche Sprache Mannheim (IDS). First, a brief account of the design is given, followed by a demonstration of the methods and tools that are being employed to compile it. elexiko will provide not only an improved quantity of lexical information, but also a new quality of information which will be explained and illustrated at different levels of the microstructure of the dictionary. The description of word meaning and use in elexiko will be presented in detail, with a particular focus on the treatment of collocations, ambiguity, vagueness, and the presentation of senses. The development of a theoretically grounded procedure for lexicographic disambiguation is also described. This is then followed by a brief account of the treatment of grammatical details. Finally, issues of usability, the progress of the project and its future perspectives will be considered.

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Töpel, Antje. "Methoden zur Erstellung von Bedeutungsparaphrasenangaben." Lexicographica 30, no. 1 (October 10, 2014): 291–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lexi-2014-0011.

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AbstractOnce a new word or a new meaning is added to a monolingual dictionary, the lexicographer is to provide a definition of this item. This paper focuses on the methodological challenges in writing such definitions. After a short discussion of the central terminology (method and definition), the article describes factors which inform this process: linguistic theories, linguistic and lexicographical methods, and types of definitions. Using the example of elexiko, a dictionary project of the Institute for the German language (IDS) in Mannheim, Germany, the paper finally showcases the compilation of definitions in a monolingual online dictionary of contemporary German.

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Zingano Kuhn, Tanara. "State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Brazil (Brazilian Portuguese)." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 7, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2019.1.98-112.

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This paper is a minireview of the current status of monolingual lexicography in Brazil. Firstly, a brief contextualization of the origins of Brazilian Portuguese dictionary-making is provided. Then, an account of contemporary monolingual dictionaries is given and a more detailed overview on print, digital, spelling, and school dictionaries is presented. Next, research into dictionary use is reviewed. Finally, the perception among the Brazilians with regards to corpora and use of crowdsourcing in lexicography is discussed.

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Aldarmaki, Hanan, Mahesh Mohan, and Mona Diab. "Unsupervised Word Mapping Using Structural Similarities in Monolingual Embeddings." Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics 6 (December 2018): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tacl_a_00014.

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Most existing methods for automatic bilingual dictionary induction rely on prior alignments between the source and target languages, such as parallel corpora or seed dictionaries. For many language pairs, such supervised alignments are not readily available. We propose an unsupervised approach for learning a bilingual dictionary for a pair of languages given their independently-learned monolingual word embeddings. The proposed method exploits local and global structures in monolingual vector spaces to align them such that similar words are mapped to each other. We show empirically that the performance of bilingual correspondents that are learned using our proposed unsupervised method is comparable to that of using supervised bilingual correspondents from a seed dictionary.

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Štrkalj Despot, Kristina, Lana Hudeček, Tomislav Stojanov, and Nikola Ljubešić. "State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Croatia (Croatian)." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2019.1.65-77.

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In this minireview, the state of the art of the Croatian monolingual lexicography is presented. A brief overview and classification of all existing lexicographic resources is provided in the firts part of the minireview, followed by somewhat more detailed insight into the existing Croatian monolingual dictionaries and monolingual lexicographic projects, orthography dictionaries, and dictionary writing systems used.

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Ledinek, Nina, and Mija Michelizza. "Gender in Slovenian Monolingual General Explanatory Dictionaries." Collegium antropologicum 45, no. 4 (2021): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5671/ca.45.4.5.

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In this paper, we focus on gender as a grammatical and social category in Slovenian monolingual general explanatory dictionaries and explain how the category of gender influences the selection and presentation of data included in Slovenian explanatory dictionaries, as well as their structuring at macro- and microstructural levels. We focus on the analysis of the changes that have occurred in dictionary description at the beginning of the 21st century due to the growing awareness of gender-sensitive language use, and point out some of the editorial dilemmas related to the category of gender that we face in the preparation of the eSSKJ: Dictionary of the Slovenian Standard Language, Third Edition.

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Ptasznik, Bartosz. "Types of sense-navigation devices in print monolingual English learners’ dictionaries." Prace Językoznawcze 20, no. 2 (October 2, 2019): 157–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/pj.4573.

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The aim of the paper is to describe the types of sense-navigation devices in print monolingual English learners’ dictionaries. The paper begins with a section devoted to the various definitions of sense-navigation devices. The following sections are a description of the different types of sense-navigation devices in learners’ dictionaries: signposts in the Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE), guide words in the Cambridge International Dictionary of English (CIDE) and guidewords in the Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (CALD), short cuts in the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English (OALD) and menus in the Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (MED). The paper ends with the author’s final comments about what type of research ought to be done in the future with respect to sense-navigation devices.

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d'Elia, Caterina. "Syntactic Information in Monolingual Dictionaries." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 16, no. 2 (January 1, 1992): 233–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.16.2.02del.

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We have here wanted to show how inadequate monolingual dictionaries can be in providing syntactic information as to the verb arguments and how they pattern together. By examining some verbal classes, we have thus brought to light several deficiencies in the present classificatory procedure of the Oxford Learner's Dictionary Our work ends with a proposal as to a new model of syntactic representation along the lines of the lexicon-grammar approach.

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Gold, David L. "Ordering the Senses in a Monolingual Dictionary Entry." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 32, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.32.1.18dav.

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Kosem, Iztok, Sascha Wolfer, Robert Lew, and Carolin Müller-Spitzer. "Attitudes of Slovenian Language Users Towards General Monolingual Dictionaries: an International Perspective." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 6, no. 1 (December 21, 2018): 90–134. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2018.1.90-134.

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This paper presents the results of a survey on dictionary use in Europe, the largest survey of dictionary use to date with nearly 10,000 participants in nearly thirty countries. The paper focuses on the comparison of the results of the Slovenian participants with the results of the participants from other European countries. The comparisons are made both with the European averages, and with the results from individual countries, in order to determine in which aspects Slovenian participants share similarities with other dictionary users (and non-users) around Europe, and in which aspects they differ. The findings show that in many ways the Slovenian users are similar to their European counterparts, with some noticeable exceptions, including (much) stronger preference for digital dictionaries over print ones, above-average reliance on other people when dictionary does not contain the relevant information, and the largest difference between the price of a dictionary and the amount willing to spend on it.

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Nwankwo, Onyinye A. "Towards a specialised digital monolingual Igbo dictionary on crop cultivation." IKENGA International Journal of Institute of African Studies 23, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.53836/ijia/2022/23/2/011.

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The monolingual dictionary as an essential language compendium preserved culture specific ideas. In a technologically driven society where visual platform enhanced comprehension, monolingual dictionary presents careful and detailed information on the usage patterns of a given language. This promotes longevity of historic peculiarities for generational connect. Yet, there is a dearth of such dictionaries in the Igbo language. Therefore, this study sets to explore an e- monolingual dictionary model for the Igbo language on crop cultivation. Data were primarily sourced from field work whereas published literature and internet materials comprised the secondary sources of information. While the Function Theory of Lexicography was adopted for the pre-data compilation and presentation, the lexiquepro was used for the post compilation stage of the dictionary. This model avails researchers and learners the opportunity to globally access appropriate lexemes within the Igbo crop cultivation domain. Furthermore, Igbo children (at home and in diaspora) would have been provided with a visual platform to acquaint with specialised traditional Igbo farming practices, values and systems. Consequently, the longevity of the use of Igbo terms associated with traditional farming practices is revitalised among the younger ones. This study suggested that such platforms be provided for other areas of Igbo cultural practices such as pottery, health, blacksmithing, and performances to aid Translators, Terminologists and text writers appropriately convey their messages as well.

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Adamska-Sałaciak, Arleta. "Linde’s dictionary." Historiographia Linguistica 28, no. 1-2 (September 7, 2001): 65–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.28.1.06ada.

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Summary Samuel Linde (1771–1847), author of the first major monolingual dictionary of Polish, was a native speaker of German. This, together with the complex political situation in which his work originated and proceeded – in Leipzig, Warsaw and Vienna – led to many doubts not only as to the author’s linguistic competence, but also regarding his national allegiance and political sympathies, an aspect not unimportant in an era when Poland did not exist as an independent political entity. Despite all this, the finished 4-volume work (Warsaw, 1807–1814), whose compilation, production, content and structure are discussed in this paper, has proved to be of lasting importance for Slavic lexicography.

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Turan, Erhan, and Umut Orhan. "Confidence Indexing of Automated Detected Synsets: A Case Study on Contemporary Turkish Dictionary." ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing 21, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3469724.

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In this study, a novel confidence indexing algorithm is proposed to minimize human labor in controlling the reliability of automatically extracted synsets from a non-machine-readable monolingual dictionary. Contemporary Turkish Dictionary of Turkish Language Association is used as the monolingual dictionary data. First, the synonym relations are extracted by traditional text processing methods from dictionary definitions and a graph is prepared in Lemma-Sense network architecture. After each synonym relation is labeled by a proper confidence index, synonym pairs with desired confidence indexes are analyzed to detect synsets with a spanning tree-based method. This approach can label synsets with one of three cumulative confidence levels (CL-1, CL-2, and CL-3). According to the confidence levels, synsets are compared with KeNet which is the only open access Turkish Wordnet. Consequently, while most matches with the synsets of KeNet is determined in CL-1 and CL-2 confidence levels, the synsets determined at CL-3 level reveal errors in the dictionary definitions. This novel approach does not find only the reliability of automatically detected synsets, but it can also point out errors of detected synsets from the dictionary.

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Bergenholtz, Henning, and Heidi Agerbo. "Extraction, selection and distribution of meaning elements for monolingual information tools." Lexicographica 30, no. 1 (October 10, 2014): 488–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lexi-2014-0015.

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AbstractIn this contribution, we analyze concrete user needs in reception situations based on concrete text examples. The point of departure is that a potential dictionary user reads a text and does not understand a word or a fixed expression, and therefore he seeks help in an information tool. Our topic is how lexicographers can provide the kind of help that the dictionary user needs to solve his reception problem. In order to do this, our starting point is not: “encyclopedic items do not belong to dictionaries” or “you always have to follow a certain schema for meaning explanations”. The starting point is: what meaning elements are needed to give the dictionary user the help he seeks (here: understand a word)? And how could and should these meaning elements be incorporated, i.e. formulated and presented, in the dictionary article? Having user needs as our focus point, we try to isolate and extract data elements from a text corpus, in which we find a number of text examples, collocations, synonyms, links, images etc. Among these different types of data, we select a number of meaning elements; these meaning elements could be presented in one field (the meaning field), but in many cases they are distributed into different parts of a dictionary entry, e.g. links, lexical remarks and synonym remarks. This distribution as well as the formulation of the meaning elements will depend on the user and his needs.

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Ceberio, Klara, and Antton Gurrutxaga. "State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Basque (Basque)." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2019.1.53-64.

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In this article, we give an overview of the evolution of Basque lexicography to the present, pointing out its main achievements and shortcomings, as well as its challenges for the future. Basque lexicography has a relatively short history, but a considerable amount of resources have been produced in the last 50 years, since the standardisation process began. After years of lexicographic work by different groups and publishers, a remarkable achievement is the Dictionary of the Academy (Euskaltzaindiaren Hiztegia), a prescriptive updated dictionary recently published and based on historical and contemporary corpora. Although the number of monolingual products is noticeably increasing in the last years, Basque dictionary making has been specially productive for bilingual purposes, due probably to the sociolinguistic status of the language. On the other hand, specialized lexicography and terminology have been very active from the beginning of the standadisartion process. Since the beginning of the XXI. century, use of corpora has known an increasing impulse. Many Basque dictionaries are freely available on the Internet.

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Sun, Wen. "Investigation into the Effective Use of Dictionaries in Foreign Language Vocabulary Acquisition." BCP Social Sciences & Humanities 17 (May 10, 2022): 367–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpssh.v17i.678.

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Words lay in the core position in language acquisition, however, acquiring a word is far more than its meaning acquisition. Aiming at helping foreign language learners who want to become good language learners or native-like learners through the word (or vocabulary) acquisition, the goal of becoming high intake generators at vocabulary acquisition is targeted and the learning method concerning the effective use of a carefully selected dictionary is explored. How to select a desirable dictionary and how to effectively use the carefully selected dictionary are the two main aspects to be investigated. The essence of the two investigation aspects is to guarantee the optimal input and strategically maximized intake developed from the input. Based on the analyses of the required functions and components of dictionary, it is investigated thoroughly that an optimal monolingual foreign dictionary is selected out, with the optimal input including a desirable type of meaning definitions, corresponding pictures to vocabulary items and “complete knowledge”. Next, effective learning strategies when using the selected dictionary are explored to realize learners’ strategically maximization of language intake from the input, which includes the adaption to the monolingual model, the applications of transfer, note-taking, effective mnemonic strategies and the psychological preparations.

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Milosavljević, Bojana. "Dictionary article as text in lexicology instruction." Inovacije u nastavi 33, no. 4 (2020): 13–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/inovacije2004013m.

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The paper presents the possibilities of using dictionary articles from our descriptive monolingual dictionaries as texts for teaching lexicology at academic courses of teacher training faculties. The starting point of the paper is that literary texts are traditionally used in teaching languages, while other types of texts (non-literary texts) are less frequently used, which, in turn, affects students' reading literacy. The main part of the paper focuses on the qualitative analysis of the selected dictionary articles from our descriptive monolingual dictionaries, with a special emphasis on using a dictionary article in teaching lexicology as an 1) introductory text, 2) text used for identifying lexical phenomena, 3) text used for practising lexical phenomena, and 4) text as a part of the knowledge assessment test. Based on our analysis, we concluded that using dictionary articles in teaching lexicology may entail multiple benefits - acquiring the knowledge of lexicology, enriching one's vocabulary, developing language culture, but also developing lexicological knowledge, skills, and habits, which fosters preservice primary school teachers' functional literacy.

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Andersen, Birger. "What Web Ads, Blurbs and Introductions Tell Potential Dictionary Buyers about Users, User Needs and Lexicographic Functions." HERMES - Journal of Language and Communication in Business 25, no. 49 (November 1, 2017): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/hjlcb.v25i49.97741.

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The present article deals with an investigation aimed at establishing the extent to which existing dictionaries provide potential dictionary buyers/borrowers with clear, unmistakable and easily understandable information about user need situations that might prompt consultation of the dictionary in question. The investigation analyses four monolingual English phrasal verbs dictionaries and five monolingual English specialised dictionaries. The primary sources of such information are identified as back cover blurbs of dictionaries, introductions to dictionaries and web ads for dictionaries. In the analysis, statements about user need situations extracted from these information sources are first classified as clear vs. unclear statements. The clear statements are then classified under the lexicographic function to which they are related. The results of the analysis disconfirm the hypothesis that the more well-defined and constrained the intended user group or groups for a given dictionary are, the more likely it is that the sources of information will provide the potential dictionary buyer/borrower with clear, unmistakable and easily understandable information about lexicographic function(s).

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GALLY, Tom. "Kokugo Dictionaries as Tools for Learners: Problems and Potential." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 2, no. 2 (October 23, 2012): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.2.2.9-20.

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For second-language learners, monolingual dictionaries can be useful tools because they often provide more detailed explanations of meanings and more extensive vocabulary coverage than bilingual dictionaries do. While learners of English have access to many monolingual dictionaries designed specifically to meet their needs, learners of Japanese must make do with Kokugo dictionaries, that is, monolingual dictionaries intended for native Japanese speakers. This paper, after briefly describing Kokugo dictionaries in general, analyzes a typical entry from such a dictionary to illustrate the advantages and challenges of the use of Kokugo dictionaries by learners of Japanese.

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Petrauskaitė, Rūta. "The Importance of the Syntagmatic Dimension in the Multilingual Lexical Database." Text Corpora and Multilingual Lexicography 6, no. 3 (December 17, 2001): 55–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.6.si.06mar.

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This paper describes the idea behind a multilingual database (Muldi) designed to incorporate five constituent parts: monolingual and multilingual corpora, monolingual lexicons, lists of translation equivalents, and terminological records. The emphasis in Muldi is on the presentation, analysis, and description of syntagmatic information contained in lexical items. Types of translation equivalents as well as the problem of relationship between dictionary and corpus translation equivalents is also considered.

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Ali El Sayed, Nauman Al Amin, and Ahmed Gumaa Siddiek. "Effective Look-up Techniques to Approach a Monolingual Dictionary." International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature 2, no. 4 (July 1, 2013): 218–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.2n.4p.218.

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Nová, Jana, and Hana Mžourková. "Terminology and Labelling Words by Subject in Monolingual Dictionaries – What Do Domain Labels Say to Dictionary Users ?" Journal of Linguistics/Jazykovedný casopis 68, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jazcas-2017-0039.

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AbstractThe paper focuses on labelling words by subject in a non-specialized dictionary. We compare the existing monolingual dictionaries of Czech and their ways of labelling terms of medicine and related fields; besides apparent differences between dictionaries, there are also inconsistencies within one dictionary. We consider pros and cons of domain labels as such and their usability in the light of needs and limits of dictionary users, with the aim to motivate further discussion on related issues.

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Piotrowski, Tadeusz. "Lexicography in Poland." History of Linguistics in Poland 25, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1998): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.25.1-2.04pio.

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Summary The paper sketches the history of Polish lexicography and the most important dictionaries of Polish from the beginnings in the late Middle Ages, until the present. The focus is on monolingual dictionaries, while bi- and multilingual publications are touched upon only insofar as they constitute significant contributions to the development of monolingual dictionaries. The paper stresses the continuity of some solutions which relate above all to the opposition between prescriptivism and liberalism. Individual dictionaries are discussed against a wide cultural background. The evolution of lexicographic methods and techniques too is treated. Much space has been given to the discussion of the situation after 1990, the year when Poland re-gained its sovereignty, and when dictionary publishers, like other entrepreneurs, endeavoured to adjust to new market conditions. The pros and cons of the impact of such commercial behaviour on dictionary production are touched upon, and an attempt is made to predict the near future of dictionary-making in Poland.

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Vrbinc, Marjeta. "Delexical Structures Contrastively: A Common Trap for Non-Native Speakers." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 1, no. 1-2 (December 31, 2004): 61–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.1.1-2.61-78.

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This article deals with delexical structures and in particular with the problems non-native speakers are faced with when encoding. First, it gives reasons why it is necessary to study the structures and then it discusses the delexical structures in English (monolingual context). The second part of the article focuses on the bilingual aspect, i.e. the translation of English delexical structures into Slovene. Some problems concerning the bilingual context are presented, especially as regards aspect and the difference between the translation of English delexical structures in isolation (e.g. in a dictionary) and within the context. The last part of the article concentrates on the dictionary treatment of delexical structures and provides some examples taken from the latest editions of the leading EFL monolingual dictionaries.

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Kasumović, Ahmet, and Senaid Feta. "DICTIONARY OF ISLAMIC FUNERAL TERMINOLOGY." Journal Human Research in Rehabilitation 5, no. 2 (September 2015): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21554/hrr.091502.

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In September 2015, The Institute of Human Rehabilitation, published a book entitled Dictionary of Islamic Funeral Terminology. In the absence of lexicographical material on the otherwise very rich Bosnian language, this dictionary presents only about 3500 burial terms. This dictionary is monolingual, words are accented and very well explained, which is why this book has the characteristics of the lexicon (it interprets customs, habits, obligations, prohibitions, etc.). For a better understanding of the book, it contains color photographs, frequent and numerous comparisons with other religions, and detailed interpretations of particular words or phrases.

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Koeva, Svetla, and Diana Blagoeva. "The Dictionary Writing System Lexit and Its Application in Bilingual Lexicography." Cognitive Studies | Études cognitives, no. 13 (June 21, 2015): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.11649/cs.2013.003.

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The Dictionary Writing System Lexit and Its Application in Bilingual LexicographyThe paper presents LexIt – a web-based Dictionary Writing System designed for the creation and enlargement of dictionaries. A wide range of dictionaries – monolingual, specialised, multilingual, thesauri, can be configured with the system, as it enables users to model, copy, and save templates describing the structure of any dictionary. The paper describes a model for a bilingual dictionary containing phonetic, grammatical, stylistic, semantic, and collocational information and its configuration within LexIt. A bilingual dictionary is chosen for a demonstration, as its entries have a complex structure that includes various elements reflecting the correspondences between source and target languages.

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Elhaj, Abuelgasim Abdelbagi. "The Impact of Monolingual Dictionaries on Reading Comprehension among Sudanese English Majors." Studies in English Language Teaching 5, no. 3 (August 26, 2017): 578. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/selt.v5n3p578.

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<p><em>Vocabulary is recognized as a central aspect of mastery of the language and the use of monolingual dictionaries is regarded as a crucial tool in determining meanings of words in reading exercises. This paper aims at exploring the effects of dictionaries on reading appreciation among Sudanese students. The reading comprehension test was a replication of the text used in an experiment by Nesi and Meara (1992). Its rationale is simple: since monolingual dictionaries are designed to help in reading comprehension, it is reasonable to assume that dictionary users will score significantly better than non-dictionary users. The study sample comprised 50 students from a Public Sudanese university, with half the students carrying out the test using monolingual dictionaries and the other half without this aid. Dictionary users were asked to tick the words they had looked up and to write down their meanings. The meanings selected were matched with the original context, and judgment was made as to whether the degree of correctness had affected the scores. The results indicate that no statistically significant differences exist between the two groups. This conclusion contradicts the bulk of research and the researcher proposes a number of explanations for this apparent failure. It is suggested that the poor reference skills of the subjects is the major responsible factor.</em></p>

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van der Putten, Jan. "On Sex, Drugs and Good Manners: Raja Ali Haji as Lexicographer." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 33, no. 3 (October 2002): 415–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463402000310.

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The first monolingual Malay dictionary was compiled by Raja Ali Haji out of concern that the Malay language and culture were in a process of ongoing degeneration. He also included words referring to sex and bodily functions so that Malays would know when and where not to use them. The dictionary is thus a refreshing alternative to somewhat Victorian-inspired dictionaries from the nineteenth century.

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Ndlovu, Thompson. "An Evaluation of the Employment of Cross-referencing in Isichazamazwi SesiNdebele (2001)." Journal of African Languages and Literary Studies 2, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 91–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2633-2116/2021/v2n2a5.

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The present article examines how cross-referencing was employed in Isichazamazwi SesiNdebele (henceforth: ISN) (2001). ISN is the first and the only Zimbabwean Ndebele monolingual general-purpose dictionary. In light of this, a lot of work lies ahead in terms of dictionary making in Zimbabwean Ndebele. Reviews of this pioneering work will go a long way in improving the compilation of future Zimbabwean Ndebele dictionaries, from the viewpoint of the user-oriented approach. Findings of the study reveal that cross-referencing was employed in headword selection and definitions in view of synonyms and variants. It emerged that in some cases, cross-referencing was not effectively employed, and this led to the wastage of the much needed space in the dictionary, and inevitably compromised the dictionary’s user-friendliness and accessibility. This also resulted in the failure to satisfy user-needs and userperspectives. An in-depth analysis of ISN and interactions with the participants of the study showed that, to some extent, cases of bad cross-referencing, especially dead cross-referencing and repetition of definitions can be attributed to lack of thorough editing of the dictionary and the corpus-aided approach employed to compile ISN among other things.

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Gortych-Michalak, Karolina. "Słownik jednojęzyczny jako czynnik utrwalający i kształtujący status religii w społeczeństwie. Casus prawosławia w języku greckim." Język. Religia. Tożsamość. 2, no. 24 A (December 22, 2021): 7–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6201.

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Modern Greek dictionaries LKNE (The Institute of Modern Greek Studies, the Manolis Triandafilidis Foundation) and LNEG (Georgios Bambiniotis) are considered canonical. The aim of the analysis is to verify that the meanings of the lemma [orθoδoksía] preserve the status of Orthodox Christianity in Greek society and shape it for the future. Comparisons of dictionary meanings use the lens of semantic-lexical relationships. Analysis of relationships between dictionary meanings and the socio-religious situation considers extra-linguistics factors, including the dictionary users’ profile. Positively verified consistency between the dictionary meaning and the Greek socio-religious situation will mean that the monolingual dictionary preserves and shapes the status of a specific religion in Greek society.

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Espinosa-Anke, Luis, Geraint Palmer, Padraig Corcoran, Maxim Filimonov, Irena Spasić, and Dawn Knight. "English–Welsh Cross-Lingual Embeddings." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 6541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146541.

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Cross-lingual embeddings are vector space representations where word translations tend to be co-located. These representations enable learning transfer across languages, thus bridging the gap between data-rich languages such as English and others. In this paper, we present and evaluate a suite of cross-lingual embeddings for the English–Welsh language pair. To train the bilingual embeddings, a Welsh corpus of approximately 145 M words was combined with an English Wikipedia corpus. We used a bilingual dictionary to frame the problem of learning bilingual mappings as a supervised machine learning task, where a word vector space is first learned independently on a monolingual corpus, after which a linear alignment strategy is applied to map the monolingual embeddings to a common bilingual vector space. Two approaches were used to learn monolingual embeddings, including word2vec and fastText. Three cross-language alignment strategies were explored, including cosine similarity, inverted softmax and cross-domain similarity local scaling (CSLS). We evaluated different combinations of these approaches using two tasks, bilingual dictionary induction, and cross-lingual sentiment analysis. The best results were achieved using monolingual fastText embeddings and the CSLS metric. We also demonstrated that by including a few automatically translated training documents, the performance of a cross-lingual text classifier for Welsh can increase by approximately 20 percent points.

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Vrbinc, Marjeta. "Lexicographic Approaches to Sense Disambiguation in Monolingual Dictionaries and Equivalent Differentiation in Bilingual Dictionaries." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 8, no. 1 (May 14, 2011): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.8.1.63-73.

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The article discusses methods of sense disambiguation in monolingual dictionaries and equivalent differentiation in bilingual dictionaries. In current dictionaries, sense disambiguation and equivalent differentiation is presented in the form of specifiers or glosses, collocators or indications of context, (domain) labels, metalinguistic and encyclopaedic information. Each method is presented and illustrated by actual samples of dictionary articles taken from mono and bilingual dictionaries. The last part of the article is devoted to equivalent differentiation in bilingual decoding dictionaries. In bilingual dictionaries, equivalent differentiation is often needed to describe the lack of agreement between the source language (SL) and target language (TL). The article concludes by stating that equivalent differentiation should be written in the native language of the target audience and sense indicators in a monolingual learner’s dictionary should be words that the users are most familiar with.

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Suhaimi, Mohamad Suhaizi, and Nazri Mustapha Dawan. "The Arrangement Method in Bilingual Dictionary." Jurnal Pengajian Media Malaysia 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jpmm.vol20no1.3.

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Producing dictionary requires its own structure or format which is usually divided into three parts which are mega, macro and micro. The reason is, a production of dictionary depends on the needs of the user, either monolingual dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries or a multilingual dictionary. Besides that, the lexicographer of the dictionary also plays a significant part in the production of a dictionary. Therefore, Kamus Pembaca Inggeris-Melayu, arranged by A. S Hornby, E. C Parnwell, Daud Baharum dan Asraf (1972) is selected as the study data to discuss the mega, micro and macro structure within the dictionary. This dictionary is categorized as bilingual dictionary as the source language has different language as the target language. This research is using qualitative method with document analysis instrument to get the information needed. The result showed that the application of all three structure help to complete the confusion in selection of the best reference dictionary.

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Baugh, Simon, Andrew Harley, and Susan Jellis. "The Role of Corpora in Compiling the Cambridge International Dictionary of English." International Journal of Corpus Linguistics 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.1.1.04bau.

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The interaction between corpora and lexicons in compiling a monolingual learner dictionary, based on the experience of writing the Cambridge International Dictionary of English (1995). Exploitation of search facilities, statistical collocation analysis and analysis of syntactic patterns in a grammatically tagged corpus. Some limitations of corpus-based lexicography. Ways in which dictionary data was exploited in the analysis and enhancement of the corpus. In this project the corpora, software and dictionary were developed simultaneously rather than sequentially. An advantage of this way of working was that the evolution of the software was constantly guided by the needs of lexicographers, and a number of desirable avenues of development for the software tools and for the corpus itself were identified.

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Feraj, Asime, and Arjan Llanaj Albania. "Illustration in Explanatory Dictionary." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 2 (June 10, 2017): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i2.p249-254.

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This paper has treated the syntagmatic level in the explanatory dictionaries, in the monolingual and bilingual as well, since the syntagmata in the dictionary can be dealt with as being unnoticed, because it is considered as less important than explanations or definitions or equivalents (when the dictionary is bilingual). But, if, for example, it can’t be said in the explanation that a verb or adjective can be linked with words that refer to alive and not alive objects, than the user can see the illustrative examples (the weather became cold/cold (distant) from his friend; a cold room/a cold person; a man walks/ the horse walks ; the time passes/ the work goes on; ecën koha (ecën puna). Nowadays, when the society is developing so fast and thoroughly, the use and utilisation of monolingual, bilingual, multilingual, linguistic or encyclopaedic dictionaries, is the most common and inevitable phenomenon, because these works not only are recorders of the word and phraseology, of semantic and lexical fortune, national and international one, but also have their determining importance in the acquirement of the language and in the expansion of the linguistic and communicative competence, in finding an unknown word and its semantic definition, or in finding lexical and semantic units with which creates semantic, paradigmatic, word-forming and stylistic relations etc. The illustrative examples are helpful for the full exploration of meaning and serve as an additional instrument for the characterisation of the word, showing the area of use and the typical grammatical lexicon enclosure. They also prove the stylistic evaluation and grammatical characteristic that is given to the word. The main purpose of this paper is that by relying in the subject that is offered by these kind of irreplaceable works, it will treat the importance of the syntagmatic level of the explanatory dictionary as an important part for knowing the word and its significance, to increase the lexical and semantic competence of the users of these dictionaries.

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Trap-Jensen, Lars. "State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Denmark (Danish)." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 7, no. 1 (April 18, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2019.1.1-12.

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This minireview provides an overview of the lexicographic situation in Denmark, introducing the most important dictionary works. The major historical dictionaries are mentioned but the main focus is on contemporary lexicography and the companies and institutions currently active in the field. In particular, it is noted whether dictionaries are digitally available and if they are subject to regular updating.

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Skoumalová, Hana. "Bridge Dictionaries as Bridges Between Languages." Text Corpora and Multilingual Lexicography 6, no. 3 (December 17, 2001): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ijcl.6.si.09sko.

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Bridge dictionaries are a new sort of dictionary for learners of English. They are based on the monolingual Cobuild learners’ dictionaries, and they are partly translated—they contain translated definitions and translation equivalents. This paper shows the possible ways of exploiting Bridge dictionaries for creating new bilingual or multilingual dictionaries. One possible way is to extract corresponding translation equivalents, edit them, and make a new printed dictionary. As both sides of such a dictionary were originally created as translations from English, the dictionary requires quite a lot of lexicographic work. Another possibility is to create an electronic version of the dictionary “as is”. For this purpose, it is necessary to convert the dictionary first into SGML format and define its DTD. This format can then serve as a standard for future Bridge dictionaries and adding new language modules to existing dictionaries would be quite easy.

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Blanco, Xavier. "Les dictionnaires électroniques de l’espagnol (DELASs et DELACs)." Lingvisticæ Investigationes. International Journal of Linguistics and Language Resources 23, no. 2 (December 31, 2000): 201–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/li.23.2.02bla.

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Summary The aim of this article is to give an account of the work in progress concerning the Spanish electronic dictionaries of the DELA system. We describe the process of construction and maintenance of the dictionary of simple words (DELASs) and these of compound words (DELACs), which the latter comprising different modules for nouns (monolingual and French-Spanish bilingual), adverbs, verbs and adjectives. We also present a nominal determiners dictionary and we make some remarks about French-Spanish comparative lexicology.

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Royle, Phaedra, Isabelle Richardson, Sophie Boisvert, and Nicolas Bourguignon. "Is Bigger Better? Corpus and Dictionary Use in the Search for Compounds, Collocations, Derived Forms and Fixed Expressions." Terminologie et linguistique 54, no. 3 (October 16, 2009): 520–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/038312ar.

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Abstract In the course of the development of a bilingual dictionary, a number of monolingual source language and target language dictionaries, bilingual dictionaries, and text corpora are typically used as tools to create entries. When dealing with words that occur at a high frequency in the corpus, determining which collocations, compounds, derived forms and fixed expressions are to be included in the dictionary is an additional complication. This paper presents the relative merits of using dictionary and corpus sources for searching for this type of information. We present frequency searching as an efficient and useful tool for corpus analysis, especially in the case of high-frequency words.

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Gabrovšek, Dušan. "Words in Sheep’s Clothing." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 3, no. 1-2 (June 20, 2006): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.3.1-2.51-62.

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The paper focuses on various types of dictionary words, i.e. infrequent and rather uncommon words often listed in comprehensive monolingual English dictionaries but virtually nonexistent in actual usage. These are typically learned derivatives of Greek or Latin origin that are given as unlabeled synonyms of everyday vocabulary items. Their inclusion seems to stem from the application of two different bits of lexicographic philosophy: great respect for matters classical and the principle of comprehensiveness. Seen from this perspective, descriptive corpus-based lexicography is still too weak. While in large native-speaker-oriented dictionaries of English such entries do not seem to cause any harm, they can be positively dangerous in EFL/ESL environments, because using them can easily lead to strange or downright incomprehensible lexical items. Learners are advised to be careful and check the status of such “dubious” items also in English monolingual learners’ dictionaries, in which dictionary words are virtually nonexistent.

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원미진 and ZHU YUTONG. "The Effects of dictionary use on Reading Comprehension and Vocabulary Learning - A Comparative Study of Bilingual Dictionary and Monolingual Dictionary -." Journal of Korealex ll, no. 27 (May 2016): 201–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33641/kolex.2016..27.201.

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Pudjianti, Danti. "Semantics Analysis on the Relation of Meaning of Cultural Differences toward the Translation from Bahasa Indonesia to English." Buletin Al-Turas 16, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/bat.v16i1.4282.

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This article aims to explain how to translate the words of Bahasa Indonesia with the local cultural meaning, as sources language, to English, as target language. the mentioned words are taken from short story and would translate in the level og textual and referential level. firstly, it tried to find the meaning of the words based on the bilingual dictionary, Indonesian-English. Furthermore, they are consulted to the monolingual dictionary. finally the translation used is those accepted in target language speaking through the translation techniques, namely contextual conditioning.

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Gabrovšek, Dušan. "The Bilingual Usage Dictionary." ELOPE: English Language Overseas Perspectives and Enquiries 17, no. 2 (October 30, 2020): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/elope.17.2.47-59.

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The paper highlights the dictionary of English usage as a type of specialized language dictionary. Such dictionaries have been created in either the time-honored prescriptivist tradition or the more recent descriptivist one. Virtually all dictionaries of English usage are monolingual, i.e. all-English. While most dictionaries of English usage have been designed for native speakers of English, there are also a few notable works made particularly for non-native speakers of the language. The main part of the paper is devoted to the suggestion and formulation of guidelines for creating a bilingual, specifically English/Slovene encoding-oriented usage dictionary as a useful, reliable, varied, and user-friendly work of reference intended primarily for advanced-level Slovene speakers of English. The dictionary offers some features that are uncommon in today’s dictionaries, especially the use of both languages in many entries, and some entries challenging the user to find the solution to the language problem listed for themselves. The final section presents 20 selected entries from the envisioned usage dictionary.

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Markantonatou, Stella, and Voula Giouli. "State-of-the-art on monolingual lexicography for Greece (EL)." Slovenščina 2.0: empirical, applied and interdisciplinary research 7, no. 1 (November 13, 2019): 78–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/slo2.0.2019.1.78-97.

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The authors report on a recent survey on monolingual dictionaries available on the Greek market. General dictionaries outnumber spelling and educational ones and enjoy a prestigious status. Only one general dictionary is digitally born and only two are available through the web, but several are available as CDs. Most of the prestigious dictionaries have received public funding but not all. Lexicography is well considered in Greece where printed dictionaries seem to still have the lead.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Monolingual dictionary'

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