Journal articles: 'Monolithic structure'

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Storodubtseva, Tamara. "Wood composite - improving its monolithic structure." Актуальные направления научных исследований XXI века: теория и практика 2, no. 3 (October 15, 2014): 253–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3967.

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Chen, Ai Bing, Yun Hong Yu, Yi Feng Yu, Hai Jun Lv, Ting Ting Xing, Yue Tong Li, and Wen Wei Zang. "Monolithic Macroporous-Mesoporous Carbon Using Ionic Liquids as Carbon Source." Advanced Materials Research 988 (July 2014): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.988.23.

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A facile approach is employed for the preparation of hierarchically porous structures monolithic ordered macroporous-mesoporous silica materials (OMS) using the commercially available and cheap polyurethane (PU) foam as monolithic template, triblock copolymer P123 (EO20PO70EO20) as structure-directing agent and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) as silica source, then monolithic ordered macro porous-mesoporous carbon materials (OMC) is synthesized by using monolithic ordered macroporous-mesoporous silica materials as hard template and ionic liquids as the carbon source. The silica and carbon monoliths possess uniform pore sizes (3.74-3.84 nm) and ordered mesostructure.

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Chen, Jiawei, Fangfang Liu, Yongfeng Li, Yongshen Dou, Sanmao Liu, and Liangjun Xiao. "Self-standing zeolite foam monoliths with hierarchical micro–meso–macroporous structures." Royal Society Open Science 7, no. 8 (August 2020): 200981. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.200981.

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The zeolite monoliths were synthesized by a facile polymer scaffold template assisted hydrothermal method. The selected foam-shaped template of a polyurethane (PU) foam monolith, was used to prepare the self-standing zeolite foam (ZF) monolithic materials. The obtained ZF products can preserve the same size, shape and macroporous network structure of the original PU foam scaffold template, although the zeolite nano-crystallites had been fully substituted for the PU template to form the new skeleton struts and walls. The as-synthesized ZF products demonstrated abundant hierarchical porosity (involving triple micro-, meso- and macropores). Meanwhile, compared with the conventional zeolite powders, the self-standing ZF monolithic materials exhibited greater total pore volume and nearly three times higher mesopore volume, suggesting wider applications as catalysts, catalyst supports and adsorbents in industry.

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Li, Bao Hui, and Bao Juan Tian. "The Preparation and Characterization of Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Material Amino Monolithic Column for Capillary Electro Chromatography." Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (October 2011): 410–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.410.

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In this paper a novel hybrid organic–inorganic amino hybrid material monolithic column for capillary electro chromatography (CEC) is preparation and characterization. The amido hybrid material monolithic column was prepared in situ co-condensation of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with 3-aminoproplytriethoxysilane (3-APTES) via sol-gel procedure. The all kinds of factors that effect the morphology of monolith column were investigated. The results showed that the structure of monolithic column could be adjusted easily through altering the composition of sol solution.

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Korol, Elena, Daniil Mostovoy, and Alexander Pleshivcev. "Technological parameter optimization of multilayer enclosure structures with the multiple-criteria decision analysis." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 03031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817003031.

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Nowadays modern monolithic construction is moving toward in balanced structural safety improving, energy efficiency and cost reduction with no-loss in quality characteristics. All this trends are possible due to bearing and enclosure wall construction technology optimization. Construction process efficiency is closely bounded with innovative material using both with a selection of effective work technology. To determine and justify the choice of material and construction technology researches are conducted. To select the most effective combination in the construction of enclosing building design, a multiple-criteria decision analysis of the work processability is used. The conducted numerical researches and the analysis of results have revealed that the most effective solution from the point of view of construction manufacturability of building enclosing structures and also which corresponds to the requirement of building heat protection is the using of monolith sandwich – multi-layered monolithic structure with a low-thermal conductivity concrete as a monolithic thermal insulation layer.

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Prabhakaran, D., C. Subashini, and M. Akhila Maheswari. "Synthesis of Mesoporous Silica Monoliths — A Novel Approach Towards Fabrication of Solid-State Optical Sensors for Environmental Applications." International Journal of Nanoscience 15, no. 05n06 (October 2016): 1660014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x16600140.

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Mesoporous silica monoliths are an attractive area of research owing to their high specific surface area, uniform channels and mesoporous size (2–30[Formula: see text]nm). This paper deals with the direct templating synthesis of a mesoporous worm-like silica monolithic material using F127 — a triblock copolymer, by micro-emulsion technique using trimethyl benzene (TMB), as the solvent. The synthesized silica monolith is characterized using SEM-EDAX, XRD, BET, NMR and FT-IR. The monolith shows an ordered worm-like mesoporous structure with tuneable through pores, an excellent host for the anchoring of chromo-ionophores for the naked-eye metal ion-sensing. The mesoporous monoliths were loaded with 4-dodecyl-6-(2-pyridylazo)-phenol (DPAP) ligand through direct immobilization, thereby acting as solid-state naked-eye colorimetric ion-sensors for the sensing toxic Pb[Formula: see text] ions at parts-per-billion (ppb) level in various industrial and environmental systems. The influence of various experimental parameters such as solution pH, limiting ligand loading concentration, amount of monolith material, matrix tolerance level, limit of detection and quantification has been studied and optimized.

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Chan, C., J. L. McCrea, G. Palumbo, and Uwe Erb. "Microstructural and Mechanical Characterization of Multilayered Iron Electrodeposits." Advanced Materials Research 409 (November 2011): 474–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.409.474.

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Monolithic and multilayered iron electrodeposits were successfully synthesized by the pulse plating electrodeposition method. Electron microscopy and Vickers microhardness measurements were used to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of the iron electrodeposits produced. Two types of monolithic iron coatings were produced, one with a coarse grained, columnar structure and the other with an ultra-fine grained structure. Hall-Petch type grain size strengthening was observed in these monolithic coatings. Multilayered iron coatings composed of alternating layers of coarse grained and fine grained structures were also produced. The hardness value of the multilayered coatings falls between the hardness values for the two types of monolithic coatings produced. This study has demonstrated the possibility of applying a multilayered structure design to tailor the microstructure and mechanical properties of electrodeposited iron coatings.

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Leonov, A. N., O. L. Smorygo, and V. K. Sheleg. "Monolithic catalyst supports with foam structure." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 60, no. 2 (March 1997): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02475687.

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Alessandretti, Rodrigo, Raissa Ribeiro, Marcia Borba, and Alvaro Della Bona. "Fracture Load and Failure Mode of CAD-on Ceramic Structures." Brazilian Dental Journal 30, no. 4 (July 2019): 380–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902574.

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Abstract This study evaluated the fracture load (Lf) and the failure mode of CAD-on (Ivoclar Vivadent) ceramic structures, testing the hypotheses that Lf of multilayer structures is governed by the veneering ceramic strength and that chipping is more frequent in multilayer than monolithic structures. Disc-shaped specimens were fabricated as follows: CAD-on- trilayer structure composed of Y-TZP (yttria stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal- IPS e.max ZirCAD) infrastructure, fusion glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD Crystall/Connect) and lithium disilicate-based glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD); YLD- bilayer structure composed of Y-TZP infrastructure and fluorapatite layering ceramic (IPS e.max Ceram); LDC- monolithic lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic (IPS e.max CAD); and YZW- monolithic Y-TZP (Zenostar Zr Translucent). The specimens were loaded in compression until failure and fracture surfaces were evaluated using fractographic principles. Lf values were statistically analyzed using the Weibull statistics, Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (a= 0.05). YZW (1329 N) and CAD-on (1085 N) showed the greatest Lf median values, followed by YLD (832 N) and LDC (421 N). All monolithic structures (LDC and YZW) fractured catastrophically and all YLD structures failed by chipping. The CAD-on technique seems to be a very promising fabrication process because it showed high Lf, similar to monolithic zirconia, and small chipping rate.

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Wang, Su Guo, and Chen Yu Yang. "The Crack Investigation and Analysis of Frame Structure Subjected to Lateral Loading." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1885–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1885.

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The crack development of two cast-in-situ RC frame structures subjected to lateral loading was investigated. Then the develop reasons were analyzed. The investigation indicates that the existence of monolithic slab in reinforced concrete frame structure overstrengthened the actual flexural capability of longitudinal beams. Therefore, the participation of monolithic slabs should be made in consideration in structural design to achieve the strong column weak beam philosophy.

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Subbotin, Vitaliy. "MODELING THE WORK OF THE STRUCTURE STRENGTHENING STRUCTURE STRUCTURE BY THE METHOD OF CONNECTING A FOUNDATION BOARD WITH A REMOVABLE FORMWORK IN A TRAY." Construction and Architecture 8, no. 1 (February 4, 2020): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2308-0191-2020-8-1-39-47.

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The conditions of creating a model for conducting experimental studies in a tray of a patented reinforcement design of existing strip foundations are considered. It is proposed to simulate and investigate the effectiveness of the new design of reinforcement of the strip foundation, allowing to take into account the rheological processes in the soil of the base when performing measures for structural reinforcement using a profiled sheet in conjunction with monolithic elements. Based on the rules of modeling and similarity theory, it is proposed to determine the optimal conditions for experimental modeling of a solution to strengthen existing monolithic reinforced concrete strip foundations by working together with a monolithic reinforced concrete slab divided by a profiled sheet in height into two parts (upper and lower) with injection wells for injection of a hardening mortar directly under fixed formwork from a profiled sheet

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Chen, Ai Bing, Wen Wei Zang, Chao Liu, Yan Yan Wang, Man Ling Jia, Bo Li, and Yi Feng Yu. "Preparation of Monolithic Transparent Mesoporous Silica and Mesoporous Onion-Like Carbon." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1518–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1518.

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Large-sized, crack-free silica monoliths have been fabricated by a fast and convenient way via EISA method using P123 as soft template and 1-hexadecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (［C16mim］Br) as additive. The hydrogen bonds formed between ILs and the silano groups of silica gel play crucial roles in the form of the bulk, transparent silica monolith. The mesoporous structure onion-like carbon monoliths were prepared with the transparent silica monolith as template via the nanocasting technique. The mesoporous silica and carbon monoliths have been characterized by the XRD, HRTEM, N2sorption and elemental analysis. The results reveal that pore diameter of the mesoporous carbon about 3.47nm, and the specific surface area of carbon with a nitrogen content of 4.2%, can be tuned from 408.2-629.0m2/g. HRTEM shows that this carbon material with nanoonions structure.

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Politakos, Nikolaos, Iranzu Barbarin, Tomás Cordero-Lanzac, Alba Gonzalez, Ronen Zangi, and Radmila Tomovska. "Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polymer Monolithic Materials for Selective CO2 Capture." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040936.

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Polymer composite materials with hierarchical porous structure have been advancing in many different application fields due to excellent physico-chemical properties. However, their synthesis continues to be a highly energy-demanding and environmentally unfriendly process. This work reports a unique water based synthesis of monolithic 3D reduced graphene oxide (rGO) composite structures reinforced with poly(methyl methacrylate) polymer nanoparticles functionalized with epoxy functional groups. The method is based on reduction-induced self-assembly process performed at mild conditions. The textural properties and the surface chemistry of the monoliths were varied by changing the reaction conditions and quantity of added polymer to the structure. Moreover, the incorporation of the polymer into the structures improves the solvent resistance of the composites due to the formation of crosslinks between the polymer and the rGO. The monolithic composites were evaluated for selective capture of CO2. A balance between the specific surface area and the level of functionalization was found to be critical for obtaining high CO2 capacity and CO2/N2 selectivity. The polymer quantity affects the textural properties, thus lowering its amount the specific surface area and the amount of functional groups are higher. This affects positively the capacity for CO2 capture, thus, the maximum achieved was in the range 3.56–3.85 mmol/g at 1 atm and 25 °C.

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Akay, Galip, and Burak Calkan. "Preparation of Nanostructured Microporous Metal Foams through Flow Induced Electroless Deposition." Journal of Nanomaterials 2015 (2015): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/275705.

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Monolithic nanostructured metallic porous structures with a hierarchy of pore size ranging from ca. 10 μm to 1 nm are processed for use as microreactors. The technique is based on flow induced electroless deposition of metals on a porous template known as PolyHIPE Polymer. The process is conducted in a purpose built flow reactor using a processing protocol to allow uniform and efficient metal deposition under flow. Nickel chloride and sodium hypophosphite were used as the metal and reducing agent, respectively. Electroless deposition occurs in the form of grains with a composition ofNixPyin which the grain size range was ca. 20–0.2 μm depending on the composition of the metal deposition solution. Structure formation in the monoliths starts with heat treatment above 600°C resulting in the formation of a 3-dimensional network of capillary-like porous structures which form the walls of large arterial pores. These monoliths have a dense but porous surface providing mechanical strength for the monolith. The porous capillary-like arterial pore walls provide a large surface area for any catalytic activity. The mechanisms of metal deposition and nanostructure formation are evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, XRD, BET-surface area, and mercury intrusion porosimetry.

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Alharthi, Sarah, and Ziad El Rassi. "Various Strategies in Post-Polymerization Functionalization of Organic Polymer-Based Monoliths Used in Liquid Phase Separation Techniques." Molecules 25, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25061323.

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This review article is aimed at summarizing the various strategies that have been developed so far for post-polymerization functionalization (PPF) of organic polymer-based monoliths used in liquid phase separation techniques, namely HPLC at all scales and capillary electrochromatography (CEC). The reader will find the organic reactions performed on monolithic columns for grafting the chromatographic ligands needed for solving the separation problems on hand. This process involves therefore the fabrication of template monoliths that carry reactive functional groups to which chromatographic ligands can be covalently attached in a post-polymerization kind of approach. That is, the template monolith that has been optimized in terms of pore structure and other morphology can be readily modified and tailor made on column to fit a particular separation. The review article will not only cover the various strategies developed so far but also describe their separation applications. To the best of our knowledge, this review article will be the first of its kind.

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Li, Hongwei, Junhui Pan, Chengtao Gao, Mengyu Ma, Liangyu Lu, Yuzhu Xiong, and Fuping Dong. "Mercapto-Functionalized Porous Organosilica Monoliths Loaded with Gold Nanoparticles for Catalytic Application." Molecules 24, no. 23 (November 29, 2019): 4366. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24234366.

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Porous organosilica monoliths have attracted much attention from both the academic and industrial fields due to their porous structure; excellent mechanical property and easily functionalized surface. A new mercapto-functionalized silicone monolith from a precursor mixture containing methyltrimethoxysilane; 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane; and 3-mercaptopropyl(dimethoxy)methylsilane prepared via a two-step acid/base hydrolysis–polycondensation process was reported. Silane precursor ratios and surfactant type were varied to control the networks of porous monolithic gels. Gold nanoparticles were loaded onto the surface of the porous organosilica monolith (POM). Versatile characterization techniques were utilized to investigate the properties of the synthesized materials with and without gold nanoparticles. Scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the as-synthesized porous monolith materials. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was applied to confirm the surface chemistry. 29Si nuclear magnetic resonance was used to investigate the hydrolysis and polycondensation of organosilane precursors. Transmission electron microscopy was carried out to prove the existence of well-dispersed gold nanoparticles on the porous materials. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy was utilized to evaluate the high catalytic performance of the as-synthesized Au/POM particles

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Sugavaneswaran, M., S. Saha, P. P. Kumar, G. S. Sharma, and R. Prakash. "Computational Fluid Analysis on Catalytic Converter with More Surface Area Monolithic Structure." International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering 16, no. 3 (October 4, 2019): 7093–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/ijame.16.3.2019.18.0530.

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Catalytic converters are used to convert toxic gases into less toxic residues. Monolithic honeycomb structure coated with Noble metals as catalysts are used for this purpose. Noble metals cause a redox reaction and put a check on the emission of toxic elements. Thus, increases in contact time with noble metals, lesser the emission. Hence the larger surface area is preferred in the monolithic structure of catalytic converter for coating Noble metals. This paper does a comparative study over a new monolithic structural design in place of the conventional honeycomb structure of the same dimensions with least weight and more contact area. Conventional used structure and proposed monolithic structure designs were simulated in ANSYS fluent software and the results are compared. The proposed design resulted in 9.23% increase of contact surface area and weight reduction of 64.18%. Exhaust flow analysis in terms of back pressure and exhaust temperature for the proposed structure are almost equivalent to the earlier design.

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Michler, C., S. J. Hulshoff, E. H. van Brummelen, and R. de Borst. "A monolithic approach to fluid–structure interaction." Computers & Fluids 33, no. 5-6 (June 2004): 839–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2003.06.006.

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Aggarwal, Pankaj, H. Dennis Tolley, and Milton L. Lee. "Monolithic bed structure for capillary liquid chromatography." Journal of Chromatography A 1219 (January 2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chroma.2011.10.083.

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Krowne, Clifford M., and Phillip E. Thompson. "Ion-implanted GaAs slow wave monolithic structure." Solid-State Electronics 30, no. 5 (May 1987): 497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-1101(87)90204-8.

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Baharudin, Luqmanulhakim, and Matthew James Watson. "Monolithic substrate support catalyst design considerations for steam methane reforming operation." Reviews in Chemical Engineering 34, no. 4 (July 26, 2018): 481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revce-2016-0048.

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Abstract This paper reviews the research undertaken to study the design criteria that address the monolithic support structure requirements in steam reforming operation for the effective mass transfer of process gases to the active sites and effective conductive heat transfer through tube wall to the active catalytic areas, as well as low pressure drop operation. Design considerations include selection of substrate materials that possess good mechanical strength to withstand the severe reaction conditions and prevent catalyst crushing that would lead to carbon formation and catalyst deactivation, and excessive heating of the tube that results in hot spots which is fatal to tube lifetime. The support’s mechanical properties are listed for the purpose of providing guidelines on verifying the structure durability. The practical aspect of packaging and stacking the monolith structures in the reformer tube for ease of loading and discharge is discussed to understand its readiness in industrial application.

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Sun, Fangjin, Donghan Zhu, Tiantian Liu, and Daming Zhang. "Study on Fluid-Structure Interaction of Flexible Membrane Structures in Wind-Induced Vibration." Shock and Vibration 2021 (March 17, 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8890593.

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A strongly coupled monolithic method was previously proposed for the computation of wind-induced fluid-structure interaction of flexible membranous structures by the authors. How to obtain the accurate solution is a key issue for the strongly coupled monolithic method. Projection methods are among the commonly used methods for the coupled solution. In the work here, to impose initial pressure boundary conditions implicitly defined in the original momentum equations in classical projection methods when dealing with large-displacement of membranous structures, a modified factor is introduced in corrector step of classical projection methods and a new modified projection method is obtained. The solution procedures of the modified projection method aimed at strongly coupled monolithic equations are given, and the related equations are derived. The proposed method is applied to the computation of a two-dimensional fluid-structure interaction benchmark case and wind-induced fluid-structure interaction of a three-dimensional flexible membranous structure. The performance and efficiency of the modified projection method are evaluated. The results show that the modified projection methods are valid in the computation of wind-induced fluid-structure interaction of flexible membranous structures, with higher accuracy and efficiency compared with traditional methods. The modified value has little effects on the computation results whereas iteration times has significant effects. Computation accuracy can be improved greatly by increasing iteration times with less increase in computation time and little effects on stability with the modified projection method.

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VYTCHIKOV, Yury S., Mikhail Ye SAPAREV, and Vladislav A. GOLIKOV. "USE OF MONOLITHIC FOAM CONCRETE IN ENCLOSING STRUCTURES OF BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES WITH VARIABLE THERMAL CONDITIONS." Urban construction and architecture 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2018): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17673/vestnik.2018.04.2.

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This article considers the features of the use of monolithic foam concrete as a heat-insulating layer in the building enveloping structures of buildings operated under intermitt ent heating conditions. To assess the eff ectiveness of the use of monolithic foam concrete in building enveloping structures, a thermal engineering calculation of the outer wall, insulated with the use of monolithic foam concrete, was carried out. Based on the calculations carried out by the authors, graphs of the dependence of the heating time of multilayered enclosing structures on the thickness of the heat-insulating layer and the reduced resistance to heat transfer of the structure were obtained. The optimum range of thicknesses and densities of monolithic foam concrete for thermal insulation of external walls of buildings, operated in conditions of intermitt ent heating, is off ered. This calculation also showed that the use of foam concrete as a heater from the inside of the outer wall can reduce the load on the foundation of the building.

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Nosenko, Viktor, and Oleg Krivenko. "Influence of house bearing construction rigidi-ty of precast reinforced concrete on stress-strain state Continuous Flight Auger (CFA) piles foundations." Bases and Foundations, no. 40 (June 4, 2020): 48–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/0475-1132.40.2020.48-57.

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At present, the tendency to build multi-storey residential buildings has become widespread in Ukraine. This is due to a number of reasons: significant increase in land prices in cities, dense urban development and the availability of appropriate equipment for the construction of such structures. One of the most common materials for multi-storey buildings is monolithic reinforced concrete. The main advantage of monolithic structures is the possibility of free spatial planning and the possibility of uniform redistribution of forces in the elements of the frame - the house works as one rigid entire structure. On the other hand, such structures require a long construction time and appropriate highly qualified control of monolithic works. Therefore, as an alternative, prefabricated reinforced concrete structures are used to accelerate the pace of construction. In this work, the influence of the rigidity of a precast reinforced concrete house on the stress-strain state of CFA piles foundation is investigated. The stress-strain state of a precast reinforced concrete building with two basement options is analyzed: precast and monolithic. The numerical modeling of the interaction of the system elements is used as a research method: soil base - foundation - aboveground structure. It was found that the replacement in a prefabricated house only one basement floor of precast concrete on a monolithic one affects the redistribution of forces, so the self-supporting wall is loaded 2.6 times, and the busiest wall, which rests on both sides of the floor slab, is unloaded to 2.1 times. It was found that in the case of a basement made of precast reinforced concrete with a precast basement the difference efforts in pile heads (under the load-bearing walls) can differ 1.98 times, and in the case of a monolithic one 1.17 times. So it is mean, the monolithic foundation redistributed of efforts between the piles is more uniform. It is established that the monolithic reinforced concrete basement, in comparison with the prefabricated one, reduces the uneven settlement of the foundation by 2.4 times. When designing large-panel houses, it is advisable to provide a basement floor monolithic - this will allow to load the fundamental constructions more evenly, which in its reduction reduces the relative deformation of buildings and reduces their cost.

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Moniuddin, Md Khaja, G. Vasanthalakshmi, K. Chethan, and R. Ramesh Babu. "Dynamic Characteristics of a Model and Prototype for 3D-RC Structure." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 24, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjce-2016-0009.

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Abstract Infill walls provide durable and economical partitions that have relatively excellent thermal and sound insulation with high fire resistance. Monolithic infilled walls are provided within RC structures without being analyzed as a combination of concrete and brick elements, although in reality they act as a single unit during earthquakes. The performance of such structures during earthquakes has proved to be superior in comparison to bare frames in terms of stiffness, strength and energy dissipation. To know the dynamic characteristics of monolithic infill wall panels and masonry infill, modal, response spectrum and time history analyses have been carried out on a model and prototype of a 3D RC structure for a comparative study.

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Bistrickaitė, Rėda. "EVALUATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND VERTICAL SHEAR REINFORCEMENT IN CONTACT ZONE OF REINFORCED CONCRETE CONSTRUCTIONS WITH SURVIVAL MOULDS /GELŽBETONINIŲ KONSTRUKCIJŲ SU LIKTINIAIS KLOJINIAIS JUNGIAMOJO STRYPYNO IR BETONO PAVIRŠIAUS ŠIURKŠTUMO ĮVERTINIMAS KONTAKTO ZONOJE." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 6, no. 5 (October 31, 2000): 322–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13921525.2000.10531609.

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Structurally and technologically expedient and economic precast-monolithic reinforcement floor slabs are widely used in western European countries. In Lithuania they are unknown, although there are all conditions for introducing them. Precast-monolithic slabs are made from precast layers (used as survival moulds) and monolithic layers (poured in situ). These layers are connected to make a compact structure with vertical shear reinforcement. There exists a method for calculating slabs analogous to a curved top truss. According to this method, the deflection of composite slabs increases considerably compared with that of one-layer structures. By evaluating both the transformation of tangential shear stress in the cross-section of bending elements and the influence of adhesive power in the contact zone, we have defined in a more exact way the method for calculating composite slabs. Additionally, we have included a vertical reinforcement into the structure and diminished vertical deflections of slabs up to the values close to those of one-layer structures.

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Zhao, Dong Mei, and Yan Hong Yao. "Study on Key Technology of Frame Structure Building Monolithic Movement." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 856–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.856.

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The technology of building monolithic movement is widely used increasingly because it has many advantages, such as low cost, short period and environmental protection. By means of the monolithic movement of frame structure of some teaching building ,under the situation that do not destroy the whole of structure and the function of structure the key technology scheme is introduced,which can offer the technological reference to the simlar movement of buildings.

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Kastornykh, Lubov, Mikhail Kholodnyak, Igor Osipchuk, and Alexander Kaklyugin. "Modified Concrete Mixes for Monolithic Construction." Materials Science Forum 1043 (August 18, 2021): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1043.81.

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The effect of the multifunctional supplement Linamix PCX and mineral fillers of microsilica and expanded clay dust on the characteristics of concrete mixtures pumped by concrete pumps is investigated. The evaluation of highly mobile and self-compacting concrete mixtures’ properties was carried out according to pumpability criteria that simulate the elastic-viscous structured system flow. The physical and mechanical characteristics of the hardened concrete were determined using standard and generally accepted methods. The ability of the modified concrete to resist tensile stresses was determined by the crack resistance coefficient. The water-reducing efficiency of the superplasticizer was evaluated by the specific consumption of cement per unit of concrete strength. The performed studies have established that the polyfunctional superplasticizer Linamix PCX is an effective modifier of concrete mixtures, rheologically compatible with cements of various material composition. A significant effect of the fine aggregate grain size composition on the properties of highly mobile concrete mixtures and the formation of the hardened concrete structure has been revealed. Evaluation of the modified concretes’ strength characteristics showed that it is rational to use the mixtures with Linamix superplasticizer PCX and microsilica, providing high strength concrete with a minimum specific consumption of cement for concreting massive monolithic structures in order to slow down heat generation during concrete hardening.

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Li, Xiao Gang, Yong Mei, Wen Gang Huang, Zheng Yuan Zhang, Jian Gen Li, and Zhi Cheng Feng. "A Monolithic MEMS Accelerometer Process." Key Engineering Materials 483 (June 2011): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.70.

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A monolithic MEMS accelerometer process was established. This process successfully combines our standard BiCMOS technology and MEMS surface micromachining technique. The acceleration sensing element is a kind of comb-finger structure which is built by polysilicon surface micromachining technique. The polysilicon structure is designed to form two capacitors for acceleration sensing. The external acceleration will cause the value of two capacitors to vary in different direction. That means one reduces if the other increases. It was integrated with the signal conditioning circuit. In a single die, the active devices including vertical NPN, lateral PNP, PMOS and passive devices such as capacitors, resistors were fabricated which was followed by the steps to form the acceleration sensing structure. The experiment indicates that the fabricated circuit has the function of sensing capacitive variation and with a scale factor of 100mV/g.

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Rybakov, Vladimir, Anatoly Seliverstov, Kseniia Usanova, and Iroda Rayimova. "Combustibility of lightweight foam concrete based on natural protein foaming agent." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 05001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126405001.

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There is an experimental study of samples of monolithic foam concrete “SOVBI” with a density of 205 kg /m3 (grade D200) for combustibility. The evaluation criteria are the following values of combustion characteristics: temperature increment in the furnace, duration of the stable flame burning, sample mass loss. The experimental results show the following values for foam concrete: temperature increment in the furnace of 2 °C, duration of the stable flame burning of 0 s, and sample mass of 24.4%. Thus, monolithic foam concrete with a density of 205 kg/m3 is noncombustible material. It is proposed to use monolithic foam concrete and other lightweight monolithic cellular foam concrete, as a structural fire protection for lightweight steel concrete structures. It, in turn, can increase the fire resistance of external walls and floor structure with the steel frame of cold-formed zinc-coated profiles.

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31

Basso, GR, AB Kodama, AH Pimentel, MR Kaizer, A. Della Bona, RR Moraes, and N. Boscato. "Masking Colored Substrates Using Monolithic and Bilayer CAD-CAM Ceramic Structures." Operative Dentistry 42, no. 4 (July 1, 2017): 387–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2341/16-247-l.

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SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the masking ability and translucency of monolithic and bilayer CAD-CAM ceramic structures. Methods: Discs of high translucency (HT) and low translucency (LT) lithium disilicate–based ceramic (IPS e.max CAD) with different thicknesses (0.7, 1, 1.5, and 2 mm) were evaluated as a monolithic structure or combined (bilayer) with a 0.5-mm-thick zirconia framework (IPS e.max ZirCAD). The masking ability and translucency were calculated based on CIE L*a*b* color coordinates measured with a spectrophotometer (SP60, X-Rite). The translucency parameter (TP) was calculated using color coordinates measured over standard white-and-black backgrounds. The masking ability was calculated by CIEDE2000 color difference metric (ΔE00) for each specimen measured over a tooth-colored substrate (shade A2) compared to three darker backgrounds (shade C4 and two metal substrates). Confidence intervals (CI) for the means (95% CI) were calculated for TP and ΔE00. The Pearson correlation between ΔE00 and TP was investigated for monolithic and bilayer structures over all backgrounds. Results: The thinner the lithium disilicate layer, the greater the translucency and the higher the ΔE00 values. The effect of ceramic thickness on both translucency and masking ability was more pronounced for the monolithic structures. In addition, monolayers always presented a greater color variation than their bilayer counterparts. The metallic background produced greater ΔE00 than the C4-shaded substrate. Conclusion: Monolithic veneers were able to mask C4-shaded background but did not mask metallic backgrounds. Bilayer structures showed greater shade masking ability than monolithic structures.

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Kabantsev, Oleg, and Bozidar Mitrovic. "Deformation and power characteristics monolithic reinforced concrete bearing systems in the mode of progressive collapse." MATEC Web of Conferences 251 (2018): 02047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201825102047.

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The paper considers the question of substantiating the choice of criteria for limiting states of monolithic reinforced concrete bearing systems for the regime of progressive collapse. Based on the results of computational and theoretical studies, structural elements and structural units of monolithic reinforced concrete buildings are determined, the destruction of which occurs first of all in the event of a failure of the vertical bearing structure. It is established that the destruction of such structural units and structural elements leads to the initialization of the process of progressive collapse. A computational and theoretical analysis has been performed to determine the ultimate deformation effects or load values according to the criteria for the bearing capacity of crutial units of monolithic reinforced concrete systems with different span sizes. It is established that as a basic criterion for estimating the stress-and-strain state of monolithic reinforced concrete structures for the mode of failure of a vertical bearing structure, the relative deformation amount corresponding to the formation of the “fracture” zone of the retaining section of the overlap under the action of transverse forces can be adopted.

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33

Parish, G., C. A. Musca, J. F. Siliquini, J. Antoszewki, J. M. Dell, B. D. Nener, L. Faraone, and G. J. Gouws. "A monolithic dual-band HgCdTe infrared detector structure." IEEE Electron Device Letters 18, no. 7 (July 1997): 352–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/55.596934.

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Kanamori, Kazuyoshi. "Monolithic silsesquioxane materials with well-defined pore structure." Journal of Materials Research 29, no. 23 (December 1, 2014): 2773–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2014.332.

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35

Jog, C. S., and R. K. Pal. "A monolithic strategy for fluid-structure interaction problems." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 85, no. 4 (December 28, 2010): 429–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.2976.

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36

Gee, M. W., U. Küttler, and W. A. Wall. "Truly monolithic algebraic multigrid for fluid-structure interaction." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 85, no. 8 (September 2, 2010): 987–1016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.3001.

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37

Danowski, Caroline, Volker Gravemeier, Lena Yoshihara, and Wolfgang A. Wall. "A monolithic computational approach to thermo-structure interaction." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 95, no. 13 (July 19, 2013): 1053–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.4530.

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38

Langer, Ulrich, and Huidong Yang. "Robust and efficient monolithic fluid-structure-interaction solvers." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 108, no. 4 (February 5, 2016): 303–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.5214.

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39

McCormick, Michael E. "Hydrodynamic coefficients of a monolithic circular offshore structure." Earthquake Engineering & Structural Dynamics 18, no. 2 (February 1989): 199–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eqe.4290180206.

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40

Jeong, Jin Woo, Dae Jun Kim, Ho Seob Kim, Sang Kuk Choi, Dae Yong Kim, and Hyeong Rag Lee. "Experimental Evaluation of Arrayed Microcolumns with Monolithic Structure." Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 44, no. 7B (July 26, 2005): 5565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1143/jjap.44.5565.

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41

Forti, Davide, Martina Bukac, Annalisa Quaini, Suncica Canic, and Simone Deparis. "A Monolithic Approach to Fluid–Composite Structure Interaction." Journal of Scientific Computing 72, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 396–421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10915-017-0363-5.

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42

Khimich, G. N., E. N. Rakhmatullina, M. Yu Slabospitskaya, and T. B. Tennikova. "Synthesis and Pore Structure of Monolithic Polymeric Sorbents." Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry 78, no. 4 (April 2005): 617–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11167-005-0354-4.

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43

Duan, Jing Min. "Degree of Monolithic Secure and its Application in Aseismic Strengthening of Existing Engineering Structure." Advanced Materials Research 163-167 (December 2010): 3718–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.163-167.3718.

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Every earthquake always cause serious destruction of engineering structure , and bring about disastrous heavy losses to society economy. In view of confusion phase of reinforcement philosophy and method in existing engineering structure now, the paper analyses wreck of existing engineering structure as a result of the earthquake, put forward “Degree of Monolithic Secure” thought and probe into its application in aseismic strengthening of existing engineering structure. The “Degree of Monolithic Secure” means using the human being’s thinking and judgment, deciding the fundamental question, conception, and principle of engineering structural reinforcement in macrocosm, on the basis of its essence characteristic and purpose request. The Strengthening philosophy emphasize fundamental of three-dimension conception, spatial function, receiving the strength rationally, coordinating the deformation. It expound basic conception of self-organize theory, whole pre-stressing Strengthening technology directed by Degree of Monolithic Secure.

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44

Yang, Xule, Youwei Hao, and Liqin Cao. "Bio-Compatible Ca-BDC/Polymer Monolithic Composites Templated from Bio-Active Ca-BDC Co-Stabilized CO2-in-Water High Internal Phase Emulsions." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 17, 2020): 931. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040931.

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Because of the nontoxic solvents contained in CO2-in-water emulsions, porous polymer composites templated from these emulsions are conducive for bio-applications. Herein, bio-active rod-like calcium-organic framworks (Ca-BDC MOFs, BDC= 1,4-benzenedicarboxylate anion) particles co-stabilized CO2-in-water high internal phase emulsion (C/W HIPE) in the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is first presented. After curing of the continuous phase, followed by releasing CO2, integral 3D macro-porous Ca-BDC monolith and Ca-BDC/Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate-co-acrylamide) HIPEs monolithic composites [Ca-BDC/P(AM-co-HEMA)HIPEs] with open-cell macro-porous structures were successfully prepared. The pore structure of these porous composite can be tuned by means of tailoring the Ca-BDC dosage, carbon dioxide pressure, and continuous phase volume fractions in corresponding C/W HIPEs. Results of bio-compatibility tests show that these Ca-BDC/P(AM-co-HEMA)HIPEs monoliths have non-cytotoxicity on HepG2 cells; also, the E. coli can grow either on the surfaces or inside these monoliths. Furthermore, immobilization of β-amylase on these porous composite presents that β-amylase can be well-anchored into the porous polymer composites, its catalytic activity can be maintained even after 10 cycles. This work combined bio-active MOFs Ca-BDC, bio-compatible open-cell macroporous polymer PAM-co-HEMA and green C/W HIPEs to present a novel and facile way to prepare interconnected macro-porous MOFs/polymer composites. Compared with the existing other well-known materials such as hydrogels, these porous composites possess well-defined tunable pore structures and superior bio-activity, thereby have promising applications in bio-tissue engineering, food, and pharmaceutical.

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45

Song, Hoyoung, Changhyun Lee, Jiyeon Hyun, Sang-Won Lee, Dongjin Choi, Dowon Pyun, Jiyeon Nam, et al. "Monolithic Perovskite-Carrier Selective Contact Silicon Tandem Solar Cells Using Molybdenum Oxide as a Hole Selective Layer." Energies 14, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113108.

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Monolithic perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells with MoOx hole selective contact silicon bottom solar cells show a power conversion efficiency of 8%. A thin 15 nm-thick MoOx contact to n-type Si was used instead of a standard p+ emitter to collect holes and the SiOx/n+ poly-Si structure was deposited on the other side of the device for direct tunneling of electrons and this silicon bottom cell structure shows ~15% of power conversion efficiency. With this bottom carrier selective silicon cell, tin oxide, and subsequent perovskite structure were deposited to fabricate monolithic tandem solar cells. Monolithic tandem structure without ITO interlayer was also compared to confirm the role of MoOx in tandem cells and this tandem structure shows the power conversion efficiency of 3.3%. This research has confirmed that the MoOx layer simultaneously acts as a passivation layer and a hole collecting layer in this tandem structure.

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46

Valente Nabais, J. M., A. Padre-Eterno, Peter J. M. Carrott, Manuela M. L. Ribeiro Carrott, and Cristina Galacho. "Development of Monolithic Materials with and without a Binder with Carbon Molecular Sieving Properties." Materials Science Forum 587-588 (June 2008): 805–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.587-588.805.

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In this work we studied the production of activated carbon fibres in monolith shape from a commercial textile acrylic fibre. The monoliths were produced with and without a binder. The binders tested were phenolic resin, polystyrene, polymethylmethacrylate and clay. We also tested the influence of using a solvent. The SEM analysis indicates that the monoliths are made of filaments that can be considered activated carbon fibres. The type of binder influences the fibre orientation, degradation and materials shrinkage, the worst results being obtained from the use of polymethylmethacrylate and polystyrene in toluene. The best results are obtained when the monoliths were produced only with acrylic fibre and with phenolic resin as binder. The use of solvents has opposite effects for the carbonised and activated samples. In the former case it seems that the water can be fibre protective but during activation the presence of water leads to an increase in the monolith’s burn-off. The methodology used leads to the formation of excellent samples for performing the gas separations O2/N2 and CO2/CH4. Some samples show maximum selectivity for the referred separations because N2 and CH4 are almost totally excluded from the porous structure which indicates a good potential to be utilised in PSA systems or for natural gas purification. The adsorption capacity is very dependent on the conditions used. Nevertheless, the best sample has a considerably high adsorption capacity (32cm3g-1 for CO2 and 4cm3g-1 for O2, after 200s contact time).

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47

Galkin, N. G., D. L. Goroshko, V. O. Polyarnyi, E. A. Chusovitin, V. V. Korobtsov, V. V. Balashev, Y. Khang, et al. "Investigation of Multilayer Silicon Structures with Buried Iron Silicide Nanocrystallites: Growth, Structure, and Properties." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.a093.

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The growth of nanosize islands of iron silicides on Si(100) substrates and epitaxial silicon over-growth atop them have been studied by low energy electron diffraction and reflectance high energy electron diffraction methods. The near optimal formation conditions of iron silicide islands with high density and minimal sizes have been determined by using of atomic force microscopy. Multilayer (8–10) monolithic structures with buried iron silicide nanocrystallites have been grown after the definition of monocrystalline burying conditions of iron silicides nanocrystallites in silicon lattice. The structure of buried nanocrystallites has been studied in multilayer monolithic heterostructures by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. It was established that in multilayer samples the majority of nanocrystallites have β-FeSi2 structure, but some of them have γ-FeSi2 structure. It was observed an influence of additional annealing at 850 °C on the morphology and structure of nanocrystallites. By means of deep level transient spectroscopy data one and two trap levels have been observed in multilayer structures (without and with additional annealing, respectively). Photoluminescence spectra have been studied at 4.2 K and the causes of its absence from buried β-FeSi2 NC have been analyzed.

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Yan, Xueyuan, Suguo Wang, Canling Huang, Ai Qi, and Chao Hong. "Experimental Study of a New Precast Prestressed Concrete Joint." Applied Sciences 8, no. 10 (October 10, 2018): 1871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8101871.

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Precast monolithic structures are increasingly applied in construction. Such a structure has a performance somewhere between that of a pure precast structure and that of a cast-in-place structure. A precast concrete frame structure is one of the most common prefabricated structural systems. The post-pouring joint is important for controlling the seismic performance of the entire precast monolithic frame structure. This paper investigated the joints of a precast prestressed concrete frame structure. A reversed cyclic loading test was carried out on two precast prestressed concrete beam–column joints that were fabricated with two different concrete strengths in the keyway area. This testing was also performed on a cast-in-place reinforced concrete joint for comparison. The phenomena such as joint crack development, yielding, and ultimate damage were observed, and the seismic performance of the proposed precast prestressed concrete joint was determined. The results showed that the precast prestressed concrete joint and the cast-in-place joint had a similar failure mode. The stiffness, bearing capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation were comparable. The hysteresis curves were full and showed that the joints had good energy dissipation. The presence of prestressing tendons limited the development of cracks in the precast beams. The concrete strength of the keyway area had little effect on the seismic performance of the precast prestressed concrete joints. The precast prestressed concrete joints had a seismic performance that was comparable to the equivalent monolithic system.

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Abdolvand, Reza, and Farrokh Ayazi. "High-frequency monolithic thin-film piezoelectric-on-substrate filters." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 1, no. 1 (February 2009): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175907870900004x.

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A class of micromachined acoustic filters is presented in which the number of individual resonant structures is reduced to 1 (monolithic filter). This resonant structure is comprised of a stack of thin-film piezoelectric-on-silicon. Symmetric and anti-symmetric resonance modes (dual modes) of the silicon structure are piezoelectrically excited and coupled to realize a 2-pole narrowband filter. High-order lateral bulk acoustic resonance modes of a rectangular plate are utilized to design dispersed-frequency UHF filters fabricated on a single substrate. Thickness mode filters are also realized at GHz frequencies using a new interdigitated electrode design. Additionally, it is shown that the filter bandwidth can be controlled by changing the dimensions of the resonant structure and the electrode pattern. Narrowband lateral mode filters with filter Q’s larger than 300 at ~440 MHz and thickness mode filters with filter Q’s in the range of 150–900 at ~3.1 GHz are demonstrated.

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50

Zhang, Xin Ju, and Yan Fang Yue. "Design and Implementation of Control System in Ultrasonic Detection Machine for Plate Part." Advanced Materials Research 591-593 (November 2012): 1295–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.591-593.1295.

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It is provided that when a machine has some thin-walled monolithic structure parts, It can improve equipment stiffness, reduce the weight of the equipment, greatly reducing equipment parts number. But, the casting property of the thin-walled monolithic structure parts are very bad, at the same time, those parts may have a warp in machining processes. So, to a thin-walled monolithic structure part of an important machine, nondestructive inspection should be carried out before assembly. The machine typically was designed to detect if a plate part has some imperfections. The machine includes control system built with SIEMENS CPU224 programmable logic controller (PLC), hydraulic driving system and the ultrasonic detection, etc. The prototype built can detect a key part before assembled, which is used in military, high pressure vessel and huge bridge.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Monolithic structure'

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