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Journal articles on the topic 'Monophthong'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 15 February 2022

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1

Wangi, Wulan, and Eka Citra Aprilliyanti. "Students’ Error In Pronouncing Monophthong Vowels." Fenomena 18, no. 2 (October 3, 2019): 149–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35719/fenomena.v18i2.13.

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Berbicara merupakan salah satu keterampilan penting pada aspek berbicara yang harus diperhatikan dalam berkomunikasi. Dalam proses belajar bahasa Inggris, banyak pelajar merasa kesulitan mengucapkan bahasa Inggris terutama pada pengucapan vokal. Sementara, pengucapan yang salah dapat mempengaruhi makna dan akan menyebabkan kesalahpahaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis jenis kesalahan dalam pengucapan vokal monofthong (monophtong vowels) dan menganalisis kesalahan vokal yang paling sering terjadi pada bahasa Inggris. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain deskriptif kuantitatif dan metode cluster random sampling. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SMAN 1 GIRI dan responden adalah siswa kelas XI dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 68 siswa dari 2 kelas. Peneliti menggunakan tes lisan dan menggunakan rumus persentase untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kesalahan yang sering dilakukan oleh siswa adalah penggantian dan penyisipan. Kemudian, kesalahan tertinggi yang paling salah diucapkan oleh mereka adalah dalam pengucapan / I / vokal dengan persentase total 97,06%. Siswa disarankan untuk banyak berlatih pengucapan dan para guru disarankan untuk memberikan contoh yang benar dalam mengucapkan kata-kata bahasa Inggris terutama dalam vocal monofthong kemudian memberikan lebih banyak latihan dan latihan kepada siswa.

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2

Arizo, Cristian D., Alyssa L. Palayon, Angela Paula V. Tornito, and Bayu Permana Sukma. "Comparative Analysis of Filipino and Indonesian Monophthongs." Lexeme : Journal of Linguistics and Applied Linguistics 2, no. 2 (December 4, 2020): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/ljlal.v2i2.8103.

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Filipino and Indonesian belong to the Austronesian language family and this explains why they exhibit many linguistic similarities and numerous cognates. This study aims to further compare the two languages and establish their connection through phonology. The researchers use the cognates to compare the Filipino and Indonesian monophthong vowels. Qualitative method is utilized. The result shows that Filipino and Indonesian have a very similar vowel system with the exception of Indonesian having /ə/ phoneme. It was also found out that most of the changes in monophthongs between the two languages appear in medial position. Moreover, most changes are from the mid back rounded vowel /o/ in Filipino to high back rounded vowel /u/ in Indonesian. Lastly, the changes in the unrounded vowels in Filipino usually appear in the initial and medial position whereas in the rounded vowels in Filipino, changes only appear in either the medial or final position.

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Candra, Haryono, and Yusup Gumilar Sukma. "Comparative Analysis of Chinese and Indonesian Vowel Systems." Humanus 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/humanus.v19i1.108017.

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In Chinese and Indonesian languages, a syllable is composed of consonants and vowels. Many researchers have focused on studying consonants and paid less attention to vowels. However, vowels play an essential role in a syllable, which is in fact the most pronounced part of a syllable. It is because of vowels that people can perceive language and communicate with each other. This article takes the Chinese and Indonesian vowels as the research object and makes a comparative analysis of the Chinese and Indonesian vowel systems to reveal the similarities and differences between the two at the level of monophthongs, compound vowels, and allophones. Hopefully, it can make contributions to the development of the Chinese-Indonesian comparative phonology discipline. This paper mainly adopts qualitative research method, that is, combining literature integration method, description method, contrast method and analysis method. It reaches several conclusions: First, the Chinese monophthongs, compound vowels, and allophones are more developed than those of Indonesian; Second, there is contrast between rounded and unrounded lip sounds in the Chinese monophthong system, which does not exist in the Indonesian system; Third, there exists some cases in Chinese compound vowels system that the spelling is inconsistent with the actual pronunciation, but this is not the case in Indonesian. Fourth, Chinese vowels’ allophones are mainly caused by the different positions of vowel in the syllables, while in Indonesian they are mainly affected by the different natures of the syllables. The results of this research can provide some insights for other Chinese and Indonesian language researchers.

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4

Hui Ding, Yanping Li, and Limin Xu. "Research on Monophthong-Dependent Chinese Speaker Recognition with Small Samples." Journal of Convergence Information Technology 7, no. 7 (April 30, 2012): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4156/jcit.vol7.issue7.4.

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5

Deterding, David. "An instrumental study of the monophthong vowels of Singapore English." English World-Wide 24, no. 1 (May 9, 2003): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.24.1.02det.

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The formants of the conversational vowels of five male and five female Singapore English (SgE) speakers are measured and compared with comparable measurements of British English (BrE) in order to gain a comprehensive view of the vowel space of Singaporean speakers and to determine which of the vowel distinctions of BrE are not maintained in SgE. It is found that the distinctions between /iː/ and /ɪ/ and also /e/ and /æ/ are not maintained in SgE, and any distinction between /ɔː/ and /ɒ/ is small. It is also found that SgE /uː/ is more back than BrE /uː/. It is further suggested that the fewer number of vowel contrasts in SgE does not contribute to much loss of intelligibility.

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6

Lee, Daniel D., and Ee-Ling Low. "The sounds of Japanese English: Monophthong vowels and rhythmic patterning." Asian Englishes 23, no. 1 (January 2, 2021): 30–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13488678.2020.1868815.

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7

Deterding, David. "The Formants of Monophthong Vowels in Standard Southern British English Pronunciation." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 27, no. 1-2 (June 1997): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100300005417.

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The formants of the eleven monophthong vowels of Standard Southern British (SSB) pronunciation of English were measured for five male and five female BBC broadcasters whose speech was included in the MARSEC database. The measurements were made using linear-prediction-based formant tracks overlaid on digital spectrograms for an average of ten instances of each vowel for each speaker. These measurements were taken from connected speech, allowing comparison with previous formant values measured from citation words. It was found that the male vowels were significantly less peripheral in the measurements from connected speech than in measurements from citation words.

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8

Iivonen, Antti, and Huhe Harnud. "Acoustical comparison of the monophthong systems in Finnish, Mongolian and Udmurt." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 35, no. 1 (June 16, 2005): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002510030500191x.

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9

Lee, Byeong-Hyeon, Jae-Hwan Ryu, Mi-Ran Lee, and Deok-Hwan Kim. "Monophthong Recognition Optimizing Muscle Mixing Based on Facial Surface EMG Signals." Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers 53, no. 3 (March 25, 2016): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5573/ieie.2016.53.3.143.

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10

Roh, Chae-Hwan. "A Study on the Acquisition of Korean monophthong by Chines Speakers." Studies of Korean & Chinese Humanities 55 (June 30, 2017): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26528/kochih.55.229.

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Roh, Chae-Hwan. "A Study on the Acquisition of Korean monophthong by Chines Speakers." Studies of Korean & Chinese Humanities 55 (June 30, 2017): 229–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26528/kochih.2017.55.229.

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12

Winn, Matthew, Allison Blodgett, Jessica Bauman, Anita Bowles, Lykara Charters, Anton Rytting, and Jessica Shamoo. "Vietnamese monophthong vowel production by native speakers and American adult learners." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 123, no. 5 (May 2008): 3883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2935800.

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13

OhEunjin. "Learning dynamic transitions of central and back monophthong vowels in American English." Korean Journal of English Language and Linguistics 13, no. 3 (September 2013): 759–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15738/kjell.13.3.201309.759.

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14

Yoon, Tae-Jin, and Yoonjung Kang. "Monophthong Analysis on a Large-scale Speech Corpus of Read-Style Korean." Phonetics and Speech Sciences 6, no. 3 (September 30, 2014): 139–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2014.6.3.139.

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15

Wallace, Victoria. "“Whey Aye My Good Sir”: Has Cheryl Fernandez-Versini’s Accent Moved from Tyneside English to RP?" Lifespans and Styles 2, no. 2 (August 5, 2006): 10–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ls.v2i2.2016.1609.

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This article analyses the speech of Cheryl Fernandez-Versini (nee Tweedy, formerly Cole), henceforth “Cheryl” , who experienced rapid geographical and socioeconomic mobility between 2002 and 2014. In 2002, Cheryl was a working-class 19-year-old from Newcastle Upon Tyne, north-east England. Since then, she has risen to fame on the talent show Popstars: The Rivals , in the girl band Girls Aloud , through her marriage to footballer Ashley Cole, and through her work as a judge on The X Factor , among other things. This paper seeks to analyse the effect this has had on her accent.Four recordings between 2002 and the present day are analysed to discuss changes to her original Tyneside English (TE) accent, specifically through the changing phonetics of the FACE and the GOAT vowels. These changes are discussed in terms of both the TE speech community and Cheryl’s personal experiences. The two vowels have traditional diphthongs in TE which are different from the diphthongs in Received Pronunciation (RP). However, these vowels have been found to be undergoing dialect levelling, with many TE speakers producing them as the monophthongs found in the rest of the North (Watt 2000, 2002). The paper therefore investigates whether Cheryl follows the pattern of other TE speakers or moves towards RP.The recordings used are taken from online videos of interviews. The first time point studied is 2002, when Cheryl first rose to fame through Popstars: The Rivals , in which her GOAT and FACE vowels are shown to be the Northern monophthongs which have resulted from dialect levelling in TE. The intermediate time points studied are 2006 and 2011. In 2006, Cheryl was engaged to Ashley Cole and had been living and working in the south of England for 4 years. Both vowels move closer to RP in position but remain monophthongal. The 2011 recording is an interview in the US, during Cheryl’s brief career on American X Factor. The data for this time point are particularly interesting as the position of the vowels varies more, and the average position of both vowels does not fit the pattern of change, indicating style-shifting. The 2014 recording was the most recent interview of substantial length which could be found at the time of data collection. The analysis shows that Cheryl’s GOAT vowel is significantly closer to RP than it was in 2002, despite remaining a monophthong, while her FACE vowel appears to have become a diphthong as in RP.The results show that Cheryl does undergo lifespan change in these two vowels, being closer to RP at the time of writing than in 2002. However, the two intermediate time points studied show that these vowels do not change in parallel, as predicted by Watt (2000). The intermediate time points, in particular the 2011 data, give support to the conclusions of Rickford and Price (2013) and Bowie (2009) that in order to fully understand data on lifespan change, intermediate time points and factors other than age must be taken into account.

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Deterding, David, Jennie Wong, and Andy Kirkpatrick. "The pronunciation of Hong Kong English." English World-Wide 29, no. 2 (April 23, 2008): 148–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.29.2.03det.

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This paper provides a detailed description of the pronunciation of English by fifteen fourth-year undergraduates at the Hong Kong Institute of Education. First, the occurrence of American features of pronunciation is considered. Then there is an analysis of the pronunciation of initial TH, initial and final consonant clusters, L-vocalisation, conflation between initial [n] and [l], monophthong vowels, the vowels in FACE and GOAT, vowel reduction, rhythm and sentence stress. Finally, the status of Hong Kong English is considered, particularly the extent of its continuing alignment with an exonormative standard.

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17

Roh, Chaehwan. "A study on the order of presentation with Korean monophthong in Myanmar universities." Language and Linguistics 79 (May 30, 2018): 125–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.20865/20187905.

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18

Park, Jung-Soon. "A Study on the Variation of ‘ㅓ’ and the Development of Monophthong /e/." Journal of Korea Linguistics 86 (June 30, 2018): 211–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15811/jkl.2018..86.008.

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Roh, Chaehwan. "An Error Analysis of Korean Monophthong by Mongolian Learners – Based on Element Theory -." Journal of the International Network for Korean Language and Culture 15, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 113–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15652/ink.2018.15.3.113.

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20

Li, Mingshuang, Wei Tang, Chang Liu, Yun Nan, Wenjing Wang, and Qi Dong. "Vowel and Tone Identification for Mandarin Congenital Amusics: Effects of Vowel Type and Semantic Content." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 62, no. 12 (December 18, 2019): 4300–4308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_jslhr-s-18-0440.

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Purpose This study aimed to explore the effects of Mandarin congenital amusia with or without lexical tone deficit (i.e., tone agnosia and pure amusia) on Mandarin vowel and tone identification in different types of vowels (e.g., monophthong, diphthongs, and triphthongs) embedded in consonant–vowel contexts with and without semantic content. Method Thirteen pure amusics (i.e., amusics with normal lexical processing), 5 tone agnosics (i.e., with lexical tone deficit), and 12 controls were screened with Montreal Battery of Evaluation of Amusia and lexical tone tests ( Nan et al., 2010 ; Peretz et al., 2003 ). Vowel-plus-tone identification tasks with the factors of vowel type and syllables with and without semantic content (e.g., real and nonsense words) were examined among the 3 groups, and identification scores were calculated in 3 formats: vowel-plus-tone identification, vowel identification, and tone identification. Results Tone agnosics showed significantly poorer performances on identifications of vowel, tone, and vowel plus tone across monophthongs, diphthongs, and triphthongs in both real and nonsense words compared to pure amusics and controls. Their deficits were similar across the 3 types of vowels, while the deficit on vowel-plus-tone identification was more severe in nonsense words than in real words. On the other hand, pure amusics performed similarly with controls across all these conditions. Conclusions Tone agnosia might affect both musical pitch and phonological processing, resulting in deficits in lexical tone and vowel perception. On the contrary, pure amusics's effect is primarily on musical pitch perception but not on lexical tone or phonemic deficit. Vowel type did not affect speech deficits for tone agnosics, while they relied more on semantic content as a compensation.

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이중진. "A Study of Korean Monophthong Errors by Mongolian Learners through Listening and Pronunciation Assessments." Journal of Korean Language Education 21, no. 3 (September 2010): 189–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.18209/iakle.2010.21.3.189.

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22

Palethorpe, Sallyanne, Catherine I. Watson, and Rosalind Barker. "Acoustic analysis of monophthong and diphthong production in acquired severe to profound hearing loss." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 114, no. 2 (August 2003): 1055–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.1593059.

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23

Park, See-Gyoon, and Ji-Young Kim. "A Study on Chinese Vowel /o/ - Is this vowel a Monophthong or a Diphthong?" Lingua Humanitatis 19, no. 2 (December 31, 2017): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.16945/201719203.

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Park, See-Gyoon See-Gyoon, and Ji-Young Kim. "A Study on Chinese Vowel /e/ - Is this vowel a Monophthong or a Diphthong?" Lingua Humanitatis 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2018): 179–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.16945/201820108.

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Jin, Ya Sheng, and Lin Qing Xie. "Statistical Analysis for Standard Chinese Syllables and Phoneme System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 411-414 (September 2013): 322–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.411-414.322.

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This paper uses the theories of phonemics,phonology and mathematical statistics to concrete research the 2500 commonly-used standard Chinese characters phonological system in different levels, including the statistics and analysis of three aspects: words frequency, syllable frequency and phoneme frequency. Some resulted have gained that: 1) There is a obvious difference in the words frequency distribution of the 2500 commonly-used Chinese characters,2) The number of homophones has an inverse proportion with its total frequency,3)The combination ability of the unaspirated initials,monophthong vowels and falling tone, whose combining ability is stronger than others. This paper provides data and certain reference value for the further study on phonological system of standard Chinese.

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노채환. "An Error Analysis of Korean Monophthong by Myanmar Learners of Korean -Based on the Element Theory-." Bilingual Research ll, no. 67 (June 2017): 103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17296/korbil.2017..67.103.

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27

Chang, Ho-Deug. "A principle of three pole points system of monophthong in Modern Chinese and its teaching strategies." Chinese Studies 53 (December 31, 2015): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14378/kacs.2015.53.53.1.

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Kang, Jieun, and Eun Jong Kong. "Static and dynamic spectral properties of the monophthong vowels in Seoul Korean: Implication on sound change." Phonetics and Speech Sciences 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2016.8.4.039.

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Kim, Eun Kyung. "Analysis on Errors Made by Chinese Male Speakers in Pronunciation of the Korean Monophthong [어] and [오]." HAN-GEUL 289 (September 30, 2010): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.22557/hg.2010.09.289.179.

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Watt, Dominic, and Jennifer Tillotson. "A spectrographic analysis of vowel fronting in Bradford English." English World-Wide 22, no. 2 (December 31, 2001): 269–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.22.2.05wat.

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The /o/ vowel in the English of Bradford is produced by many speakers as a monophthong with a clearly fronted or central quality. Description of such a pronunciation is, however, all but absent from the literature, suggesting that such pronunciations are a relatively recent development in Bradford speech. The acoustic characteristics of 337 tokens of /o/ are investigated, with a view to matching acoustic cues to the auditory impression of fronting. The findings are assessed with respect to similar fronting patterns in the vowel systems of varieties of English elsewhere in the UK and worldwide, and to the principles of sound change elucidated by Labov (1991, 1994). We conclude that “internal” factors alone are inadequate to explain the current tendency for varieties of English in northern England to feature /o/ fronting, and suggest that the appearance of this variant in Bradford English is the consequence of contact-induced spread.

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정성훈. "The Experimental Study on Korean Monophthong of Taiwanese Learners of Korean-Focusing on College Students Majoring in Korean." Journal of Korean Language Education 29, no. 2 (June 2018): 155–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18209/iakle.2018.29.2.155.

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Yan, Jinting, and Xiaotian Gao. "On the Monophthong Features of Cangzhou Dialect (Hebei Province) based on Acoustic Data Analysis in the Big Data Era." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1992, no. 4 (August 1, 2021): 042051. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1992/4/042051.

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Druzhuk, Iryna. "Reflexes of *o in newly closed syllables in the Volyn-Polissia dialects." Linguistics, no. 1 (42) (2020): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.12958/2227-2631-2020-1-42-28-39.

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The article examines concepts related to the evolution of *о > і, analyzes scholars’ views on the reasons of differences between reflexes of *о in Ukrainian dialects, and describes the stages of *о transformation in the northern and the southern areas of the Ukrainian sprachraum. Attention is given to the nature of diphthong appearance according to two major theories – by Y. Sheveliov and by V. Moisiyenko. The author describes current reflexes of *о in newly closed stressed syllables, as documented in her own field records obtained in 120 towns and villages of Volyn Polissia. She establishes that typical for the Volyn-Polissia dialects sounds [и], [і] are simultaneously spread across all the area under research, while the monophthong [у] – only in its eastern parts. Alongside other reflexes, *о is sometimes (quite sporadically) preserved. While recording samples, the author has not come across diphthongs appertaining to *о, but recorded structures that are usually interpreted as the result of diphthongs breaking up: the consonant [в] + vowel, and the sound [е] < *о. The article includes a map.

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Shelton, Michael, and Hannah Grant. "Syllable weight in monolingual and heritage Spanish." Studies in Hispanic and Lusophone Linguistics 11, no. 2 (September 25, 2018): 395–427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/shll-2018-0015.

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AbstractThis study presents two experiments employing a naming task that test the modulation of stress assignment by syllable structure in Spanish. The first replicates the findings of a previous study in which words containing arguably heavy penultimate diphthongs provoke higher error rates than putatively light monophthong controls when marked for antepenultimate stress. This result is interpreted as support for quantity sensitivity in the language. This experiment also replicates a subtler finding of differential patterning between rising and falling diphthong in their interaction with Spanish stress, suggesting gradient sensitivity to patterns in the lexicon. The second experiment presents the results of an identical task with Spanish-English heritage speakers in which the general effect of syllable weight is replicated, while the effect of diphthong type does not emerge. An analysis of error types suggests that varying levels of reading proficiency among heritage speakers may have led to the lack of the latter result, while still revealing sensitivity to frequencies in the lexicon. The combined results are offered as further evidence of quantity sensitivity among both monolingual and bilingual speakers of Spanish and provide further data in the understudied subfield of heritage phonotactics.

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Sharbawi, Salbrina. "The vowels of Brunei English." English World-Wide 27, no. 3 (October 12, 2006): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.27.3.03sha.

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This paper provides an acoustic description of the vowels of Brunei English (BrunE). Ten female BrunE speakers were recorded reading The North Wind and the Sun (NWS) passage. The formant values of the eleven monophthong vowels and the rate of change (ROC) of the diphthong /eI/ were measured and compared with the data of seven British English (BrE) speakers and also the results of similar studies on Singapore English (SgE). It was found that BrunE shares some common features with SgE as both groups do not distinguish between /i˜/ and /I/, /e/ and /æ/, and /f˜/ and /#/. The high back vowels of BrunE, however, are unlike the SgE vowels. Whereas in SgE /u˜/ and /~/ are fully back, in BrunE these two vowels are fronted, so they are similar to the vowels of the BrE speakers. The data also shows that BrunE /f˜/ is more open and less back than BrE /f˜/. For /eI/, the average ROC for Bruneian speakers is considerably less negative than that for British speakers, which indicates that in BrunE, just as in SgE, this vowel is less diphthongal than its counterpart in BrE.

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Shen, Jing, Richard Wright, and Pamela E. Souza. "On Older Listeners' Ability to Perceive Dynamic Pitch." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 59, no. 3 (June 2016): 572–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2015_jslhr-h-15-0228.

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PurposeNatural speech comes with variation in pitch, which serves as an important cue for speech recognition. The present study investigated older listeners' dynamic pitch perception with a focus on interindividual variability. In particular, we asked whether some of the older listeners' inability to perceive dynamic pitch stems from the higher susceptibility to the interference from formant changes.MethodA total of 22 older listeners and 21 younger controls with at least near-typical hearing were tested on dynamic pitch identification and discrimination tasks using synthetic monophthong and diphthong vowels.ResultsThe older listeners' ability to detect changes in pitch varied substantially, even when musical and linguistic experiences were controlled. The influence of formant patterns on dynamic pitch perception was evident in both groups of listeners. Overall, strong pitch contours (i.e., more dynamic) were perceived better than weak pitch contours (i.e., more monotonic), particularly with rising pitch patterns.ConclusionsThe findings are in accordance with the literature demonstrating some older individuals' difficulty perceiving dynamic pitch cues in speech. Moreover, they suggest that this problem may be prominent when the dynamic pitch is carried by natural speech and when the pitch contour is not strong.

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Carlson, Matthew T., and Chip Gerfen. "Spanish diphthongizing stems." Mental Lexicon 6, no. 3 (December 5, 2011): 351–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ml.6.3.01car.

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We examine a classic problem in Spanish morphophonology as a way of shedding new light on the relationship between grammar and processing. Spanish derivations with diphthongizing stems may contain either the diphthong or the monophthong stem allomorph, but the likelihood of the (phonotactically marked) diphthong appearing is related to the productivity of the suffix. Prior data also indicate that this bias constrains the formal properties of possible, but as yet unattested derivations. Interestingly, the documented relevance of suffix productivity and stem phonotactics for lexical processing suggests a relationship between the processing characteristics of neologisms and their favored formal properties. Spanish diphthongization provides an ideal window on this relationship because the availability of either allomorph for any neologism allows us to compare the processing characteristics of the grammatically preferred and the dispreferred form. We present visual lexical decision results that confirm the systematic biases concerning Spanish diphthongization and shed light on their possible roots in processing. The results illuminate this long-standing conundrum in Spanish and point to a more general picture in which the impact of distributional properties of morphemes on processing can account for the current shape and dynamic evolution of the lexicon.

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OhEunjin. "Dynamic spectral patterns of American English front monophthong vowels produced by Korean-English bilingual speakers and Korean late learners of English." Linguistic Research 30, no. 2 (August 2013): 293–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.17250/khisli.30.2.201308.007.

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Immonen, Katja, and Maija S. Peltola. "Finnish Children Producing English Vowels — Studying in an English Immersion Class Affects Vowel Production." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0901.04.

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The aim of this study was to examine how earlier second language teaching affects Finnish school children’s pronunciation of British English vowels. Two groups of Finnish children between the ages of eleven and thirteen were tested. The early learners studied in an English immersion class in a Finnish elementary school while the control group attended a regular Finnish speaking class at the same school. The task consisted of twenty three English stimulus words which included the twelve monophthong English target vowels in voiced and voiceless environments. The words were repeated seven times during the task. The participants produced the words after a native model and the target vowel qualities were then acoustically analysed. Statistical analysis revealed a group main effect. More specifically the analysis showed that the groups differed significantly in the way they produced target vowel second formant (F2) values. The F2 difference was only significant in the voiced context. Closer examination of the groups’ vowel qualities revealed that the control group tended to produce the F2 values higher than the early learner group in most of the target vowels. The higher F2 values can be an indication of more frontal tongue position or less lip rounding during vowel production.

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Lewin, Christopher. "The vowel /əː/ ao in Gaelic dialects." Papers in Historical Phonology 3 (December 20, 2018): 158–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/pihph.3.2018.2882.

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This paper examines the development of the Old Irish diphthongs */ai/, */oi/, */ui/ in later varieties of the Gaelic languages. These are generally accepted to have merged as a single phoneme by the end of the Old Irish period (c. 900). In all modern varieties the regular reflex of this phoneme is a long monophthong, represented orthographically as <ao>. There are three main developments: (a) in southern Irish <ao> has merged with /eː/ and/or /iː/; (b) in southern Scottish and Manx varieties <ao> remains a mid-central vowel, may be fairly fronted and may perhaps have weak rounding; and there is merger between /əː/ representing <ao> and reflexes of earlier */aɣ/; (c) in northern Scottish and northern Irish varieties <ao> is realized as a high back unrounded vowel /ɯː/, which is contrastive with mid back unrounded /ɤː/ representing earlier */aɣ/ (these may merge with /iː/ and /eː/ in Ulster). Building on suggestions of earlier scholars, it is argued that it is the developments of */əː/ are explained by its anomalous position in the phonological system of earlier varieties of Gaelic, and its interactions with the palatalization contrast of the consonant system.

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Purwaningrum, Prapti Wigati. "Perubahan Fonem pada Bahasa Jawa ngapak di Kabupaten Kebumen (Sebuah Kajian Fonologi)." Wanastra: Jurnal Bahasa dan Sastra 10, no. 2 (September 2, 2018): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/w.v10i2.3857.

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Abstract - The purpose of this analysis is to know some contributing factors of phonem changes in Bahasa Jawa ngapak in Desa Bendungan, Kabupaten Kebumen. The method of this analysis is field research and the data of this analysis are taken from some utterances which uttered by respondence. In collecting the data, writer interviewed the respondence about same words then write the fhonetic transcription of it. The writer found some phoneme changes such as coarticulation process in labialization in <tua> [tuwa], nasalisation [mb], [nd], and [nϯ], and glottalisation in [riʔ], [uɭaʔ], [sapaʔ]. The next changes are distribution process such as aferesis <hati> [ati], <hujan> [uϲan], <rumah> [umah], apokop<ular> [uɭaʔ], monophthong <danau> [dano] [au] menjadi [o], and the last process is anaftiksis such as paragog in <siku> [sikuʈ. Besides that the writer also found some consonants cluster in Bahasa Jawa Ngapak such as [swiwi], with [r] [kruŋu], [mripat], [mriɲaŋ], [srəŋɛŋɛ] with [l][bləϲuk], [gluduk], [blədɛg]. Some consonants also found in bahasa jawa ngapak Desa Bendungan kabupaten Kebumen [p], [b], [t], [ʈ], [ϲ], [ϯ], [k], [g], [ʔ], [m], [n], [ŋ], [ɲ], [r], [s], [j], [h], [w], [l]. Besidesthat some vocals also appear [i], [u], [e], [ə], [ɛ], [o], [a]. Keywords: perubahan fonem, konsonan, vokal, konsonan gabungan, bahasa Jawa ngapak kabupaten Kebumen.

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Yang, Jing, and Robert A. Fox. "Acoustic development of vowel production in native Mandarin-speaking children." Journal of the International Phonetic Association 49, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 33–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025100317000196.

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The present study aims to document the developmental profile of static and dynamic acoustic features of vowel productions in monolingual Mandarin-speaking children aged between three and six years in comparison to adults. Twenty-nine monolingual Mandarin children and 12 native Mandarin adults were recorded producing ten Mandarin disyllabic words containing five monophthongal vowel phonemes /a i u yɤ/. F1 and F2 values were measured at five equidistant temporal locations (the 20–35–50–65–80% points of the vowel's duration) and normalized. Scatter plots showed clear separations between vowel categories although the size of individual vowel categories exhibited a decreasing trend as the age increased. This indicates that speakers as young as three years old could separate these five Mandarin vowels in the acoustic space but they were still refining the acoustic properties of their vowel production as they matured. Although the tested vowels were monophthongs, they were still characterized by distinctive formant movement patterns. Mandarin children generally demonstrated formant movement patterns comparable to those of adult speakers. However, children still showed positional variation and differed from adults in the magnitudes of spectral change for certain vowels. This indicates that vowel development is a long-term process which extends beyond three years of age.

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Stopar, Andrej. "Perception of General British monophthongs." Jezikoslovlje 20, no. 3 (December 30, 2019): 475–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.29162/jez.2019.17.

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The paper presents an experimental study on the perception of the Gen-eral British monophthongs that was conducted in three stages in 2014–2018. The vowels observed are studied by (i) comparing the vowel sys-tems of General British and Slovene, and (ii) by conducting an experi-ment on their perception. The analysis focuses on the participants’ over-all performance, their most frequent misperceptions, and their progress over the course of one semester. The results indicate: that the previously observed production difficulties mirror perception difficulties; that the discriminative failures of FL vowels are not entirely predictable by com-paring vowel systems; that new sound contrasts are assimilated in differ-ent ways; and that the participants’ perception of foreign language pho-nemes can benefit from explicit instruction.

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Maneenoi, Ekkarit, Somchai Jitapunkul, Visarut Ahkuputra, and Sudaporn Luksaneeyanawin. "Thai monophthongs classification using CDHMM." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 108, no. 5 (November 2000): 2575. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4743572.

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Yunus, Yusnul'ain, and Stefanie Pillai. "Pola Sebutan Monoftong Bahasa Jerman oleh Penutur Bahasa Melayu." Melayu: Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu 13, no. 2 (July 7, 2020): 223–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.37052/jm.13(2)no3.

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This study investigates the pronunciation of German monophthongs (L3) by Malay speakers. It also compares the way the L3 monophthongs are produced with the monophthongs produced in Standard Malay (L1) and English (L2) to examine if there are any similarities in the way that equivalent vowels are produced. A total of 10 female Malay speakers who were learning German were recorded reading aloud carrier sentences containing the target vowels in a /bVd/ and a /bVt/ context in all three languages. All these speakers also speak English as a second language. Based on the formant frequency model, the first (L1) and second (L2) formants of the target monophthongs were measured. The duration of the vowels was also measured. Scatter plots of the vowels were also generated to enable comparison among similar sets of vowels within and among the three languages within the context of L3 acquisition. The findings suggest that speakers tend to produce equivalent vowels with similar acoustic properties, whilst tending to collapse â€œnewâ€ ones in the L3 to neighbouring L1 or L2 vowels. The findings from this study contribute to the growing area of L3 acquisition research.

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Kitikanan, Patchanok. "The Effect of L2 Experience on the Perceptual Assimilation of British English Monophthongs to Thai Monophthongs by L2 Thai Learners." English Language Teaching 13, no. 5 (April 9, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/elt.v13n5p1.

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Perceptual assimilation is a well-known task; however, there is no study on the assimilation pattern of the English monophthongs by L2 Thai learners. The aims of this study are to explore the perceptual assimilation patterns of the British English monophthongs to Thai monophthongs by L2 Thai learners and to examine the effect of L2 experience on this perception. The target British English sounds were /iː, ɪ, e, æ, ɒ, ɑː, ɔː, ʊ, uː, ʌ, ɜː/ in /bVt/ context. The Thai listeners performed an assimilation task by matching these British English monophthongs with their L1 Thai monophthongs. The results showed no difference in the assimilation patterns between the high-experienced and low-experienced groups in the perception of the English /ɪ, e, ɑː, ɔː, ʊ, ʌ, ɜː/. The degree of the perceived similarity in the matching of these vowels to the Thai sound categories between these two groups was not significantly different from one another either. However, English /e/ was mostly perceived as Thai /e/ in the high-experienced group to a greater degree than the low-experienced group. The findings also showed the difference in the assimilation patterns between these two groups, i.e. for English /æ, iː, uː, ɒ/ suggesting the importance of the L2 experience in the exploration of the L2 speech learning research. The implication for L2 sound learning of this study is that having higher number of phonemes in the L1 phonological system than that in the L2 one is less important than the L2 experience. 

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Tsukada, Kimiko. "An acoustic comparison of English monophthongs and diphthongs produced by Australian and Thai speakers." English World-Wide 29, no. 2 (April 23, 2008): 194–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.29.2.05tsu.

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This study investigated acoustic-phonetic characteristics of English vowels (four monophthongs /I æ ~ %/ and two diphthongs /eI o~/) spoken by native speakers of Australian English (AusE, n = 6) and Thai (T, n = 15). The Thai speakers had lived in Australia for an average of 3.2 years. While the Thai speakers did not differ significantly from the AusE speakers in their vowel quality for monophthongs, they were more dissimilar in their production of diphthongs. Specifically, the Thai speakers produced English diphthongs with less formant movement, a phenomenon widely reported for speakers of various other Southeast Asian languages. Differences between the Thai and AusE groups reached statistical significance for the female speakers. As for temporal characteristics, the Thai speakers produced significantly shorter monophthongs, but not diphthongs, than did AusE speakers. As a result, the ratio of monophthongs to diphthongs was much smaller for the Thai (0.53) than for the AusE group (0.72). It appeared that the Thai speakers equated the English diphthongs /eI/ and /o~/ with the long vowels /e˜/ and /o˜/, respectively, in their first language (L1) Thai. Further, their production of the diphthongs may be related to a large number of diphthongs in the Thai vowel inventory, which may encourage its speakers to substitute existing L1 categories for English diphthongs rather than forming authentic, new phonetic categories.

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Clear, Abram, and Anya Hogoboom. "Cross-dialectal vowel mapping and glide perception." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 6, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v6i1.5040.

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Formant transitions from a high front vowel to a non-high, non-front vowel mimic the formant signature of a canonical [j], resulting in the perception of an acoustic glide (Hogoboom 2020). We ask if listeners may still perceive a glide when canonical formant transitions are absent. We investigated the mapping of an Appalachian English (AE) monophthongal [aɪ] in hiatus sequences, monophthongal [aɪ.a]. If participants map this monophthongal [aɪ] to a high front position, they might perceive a glide that is not supported by the acoustic signal, which we call a phantom glide. Ninety-six participants (45 of which were native AE speakers) heard 30 different English words ending in [i], [ə], or monophthongal [aɪ] (i.e. tree, coma, pie) that had been suffixed with either [-a] or [-ja]. They were asked to identify which suffixed form they heard. Participants in both dialect groups sometimes perceived a glide that was truly absent from the speech stream. In these cases, participants mapped static formants in monophthongal [aɪ.a] stimuli to a diphthongal /aɪ/ with a high front endpoint, causing the perception of the necessary F1 fall and subsequent rise of a [j]. Using recent models of speech processing, which encode both social and acoustic representations of speech (e.g. Sumner et al. 2014), we discuss the mapping of monophthongal [aɪ] to a privileged diphthongal underlying form.

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Miller, James D., D. J. Meyer, and Michael Gottfried. "Forward‐reverse evaluations of American English monophthongs." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 91, no. 4 (April 1992): 2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.403197.

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Awal, Eshita. "Contrastive Analysis of Bangla and English Monophthongs." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 7, no. 6 (2013): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-0765767.

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