Journal articles: 'Monospermia'

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Yang, Yong. "A numerical analysis of Ephedra L. based on reproductive features." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 20, no. 1 (June 25, 2013): 51–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15464.

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A numerical analysis of Ephedra L. was conducted based on 29 characters of reproductive organs. The results indicate that species are not grouped according to their geographic ranges, sect. Alatae is in one group, sect. Asarca excluding E. cutleri and E. viridis consists of a Eu-asarca group while sect. Ephedra plus E. cutleri and E. viridis of the traditional sect. Asarca make up a third expanded Ephedra group. The Old World sect. Monospermae including E. rhytidosperma, E. equisetina, E. nebrodensis, E. monosperma and E. procera was rediscovered in this study while those Himalayan endemic species (e.g. E. minuta, E. likiangensis, E. saxatilis, E. dawuensis and E. gerardiana) used to be grouped in the Old World sect. Monospermae are clustered together with sect. Scandentes including E. foeminea, E. ciliata, E. altissima and E. fragilis. This study further confirms that the adaptive seed dispersal syndromes of sect. Asarca have originated for not only once. Some new features are introduced as related to dispersal, e.g. weight and size of seeds, and nature and thickness of the outer envelope.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15464Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(1): 51-60, 2013 (June)

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Rao, Pragada Venkateswara, Bura Nagaraju, Pajjuri Venkanna, Vasudha Bakshi, and Narender Boggula. "Pharmacognostical standardization, formulation and evaluation of tablets incorporated with stem bark of Butea monosperma for anti cancer activity." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1.2179.

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The plant Butea monosperma (Palas) popularly known as 'dhak' or 'palas' and commonly known as ‘Flame of forest’ belongs to family Fabaceae. This herb is indigenous to India. The plant is traditionally reported to possess astringent, bitter, alterative, aphrodisiac, anthelmintic, antibacterial and anti-asthmatic, anthelmintic, anti-conceptive, anti-convulsive, anti-diabetic, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-estrogenic, anti-fertility, anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-stress, chemopreventive, hepatoprotective. The present research investigation was envisaged on pharmacognostical standardization, formulation and evaluation of tablets incorporated with methanolic extract of stem bark Butea monosperma for anti cancer activity. Conventional release tablets of methanolic extract of Butea monosperma stem bark (MEBMSB) were formulated using Microcrystalline Cellulose as a filler and PVP-k30 as a binder by direct compression method. Finally from this research investigation it can be concluded that methanolic extract of Butea monosperma stem bark has moderate anti-cancer activity when compare to standards and be suggested as a better substitute for the synthetic anti cancer drugs. Keywords: Butea monosperma, anti cancer activity, MTT assay, EAC cells, DAC cells, HepG2 cell lines.

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Mazumder, P. M., M. K. Das, and S. Das. "Butea Monosperma (LAM.) Kuntze – A Comprehensive Review." International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 4, no. 2 (August 31, 2011): 1390–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2011.4.2.2.

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The traditional systems of medicine together with folklore medicine continue to play a significant role in our health care system for the betterment of mankind. Butea monosperma (Lam.) kuntze is a commonly used herb in Ayurvedic medicine. Butea monosperma (Palas) belongs to the family Fabaceae, grown wildly in many parts of India. The plant is used highly by the rural and tribal people in curing various disorders. Butea monosperma has an effective natural origin that has a tremendous future for research. The novelty and applicability of Butea monosperma are hidden. Such things can be overcome through modern scientific research. The present article describes various traditional and medicinal utility of the plant and an attempt was made to gather information about the chemical composition and pharmacological activity of the plant and/ or its constituents.

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Aizi, Djamel-Eddine, and Meriem Kaid-Harche. "Mechanical Behavior of Gypsum Composites Reinforced with Retama monosperma Fibers." Proceedings 63, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020063040.

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In this pioneering study, Retama monosperma fibers were used in the preparation of a plaster composite dedicated to the field of civil engineering in order to find a substitute for fiberglass as a reinforcement material. Retama monosperma (Rtam) is one of the plant species abundantly available in Mediterranean regions. The localization of fibers at the organic level, the extraction procedure, physical and mechanical properties were studied to compare them with other vegetable fibers currently used in the manufacture of biocomposites. The results obtained show the possibility of improving the mechanical properties of plaster by using the fibers of Retama monosperma. The purpose of this paper is to promote the fibers of Retama monosperma as a building material in civil engineering in order to boost researchers’ interests in this Mediterranean plant.

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Tandel, R. S., N. K. Chadha, P. Dash, P. B. Sawant, N. N. Pandey, S. Chandra, R. A. H. Bhat, and D. Thakuaria. "An in-vitro study of Himalayan plant extracts against oomycetes disease Saprolegniasis in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)." Journal of Environmental Biology 42, no. 4 (July 1, 2021): 1008–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/42/4/mrn-1623.

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Aim: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of ethanolic extract of three Himalayan plants Myrica esculenta, Thymus linearis and Butea monosperma on hyphal germination, colonisation and sporulation of two species of Saprolegnia (Saprolegnia parasitica and S. australis) isolated from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Molecular docking of active ingredients of M. esculenta, Myricetin with effector proteins of S. parasitica was also performed to investigate the target binding sites for drug development. Methodology: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), mycelium growth inhibition, spore germination, and inhibition was performed with the most effective concentrations. Molecular docking was carried out with AutoDock Vina software to investigate target binding sites with S. parasitica. Results: Extracts from Myrica esculenta, Thymus linearis and Butea monosperma showed MIC values of the 25, 100, 50 mg ml-1 against S. parasitica and 25, 50, 25 mg ml-1 against S. australis hyphal growth, respectively. Nevertheless, malachite green as reference control was effective with a MIC value of 2.5 mg l-1. The concentration required to inhibit S. parasitica and S. australis spores were (50) Myrica esculenta, (25) Thymus linearis, (100) Butea monosperma in mg ml-1 and (50) Myrica esculenta, (50) Thymus linearis, (100) Butea monosperma in mg ml-1, respectively. Interpretation: The study concludes that M. esculenta and B. monosperma are effective against Saprolegniasis and could be used as phyto additives.

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Thiagarajan, Venkata R. K., Palanichamy Shanmugam, Uma M. Krishnan, Arunachalam Muthuraman, and Nirmal Singh. "Ameliorative potential of Butea monosperma on chronic constriction injury of sciatic nerve induced neuropathic pain in rats." Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências 84, no. 4 (September 25, 2012): 1091–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0001-37652012005000063.

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The present study was designed to investigate the ameliorative role of ethanolic extract from leaves of Butea monosperma in chronic constriction injury (CCI) of sciatic nerve induced neuropathic pain in rats. Hot plate, acetone drop, paw pressure, Von Frey hair and tail immersion tests were performed to assess the degree of thermal hyperalgesia, cold chemical allodynia, mechanical hyperalgesia & allodynia in the left hind paw and tail thermal hyperalgesia. Further on, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH) and total calcium levels were estimated to assess the biochemical changes in the sciatic nerve tissue. Histopathological changes were also observed in the sciatic nerve tissue. Ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma leaves and pregabalin (serving as positive control) were administered for 14 consecutive days starting from the day of surgery. CCI resulted in significant changes in behavioural and biochemical parameters. Pretreatment of Butea monosperma attenuated CCI induced development of behavioural, biochemical and histopathological alterations in a dose dependent manner, which is comparable to that of pregabalin pretreated group. These findings may be attributed to its potential anti-oxidative, neuroprotective and calcium channel modulatory actions of Butea monosperma.

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Panwar, Shweta, Neetesh Kumar Jain, and MK Gupta. "WOUND HEALING POTENTIAL OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF FLOWERS OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA LINN. IN DIABETIC ANIMALS." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, no. 5-s (October 1, 2018): 306–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i5-s.1979.

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The main of our study is to evaluate the Wound Healing Potential of Methanolic Extract of Flowers of Butea monosperma Linn. in Diabetic Animals. Methanolic extract was prepared by continuous hot extraction method by soxhlet apparatus. Preliminary phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, phenolic compounds and some glycosides. Diabetes was induced by single injection of Alloxan monohydrate in Wistar albino rats and their blood glucose levels were measured. Excision wound model was used for creation of wound in diabetic animals and methanolic extract was administered in diabetic animals to observe its effect. Methanolic extract significantly lowered the blood glucose level and highly significantly showed wound contraction in diabetic animals. The preliminary phytochemical analysis of the Butea monosperma flower extract showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids and triterpenoids. As per previous literature survey, flavonoids are responsible for anti-diabetic and wound healing activity. So this wound healing effect of Butea monosperma may be due to presence of flavonoids in plant. Hence present research supports traditional claims of the plant in wound healing. Keywords: Butea monosperma, Diabetic animals, Alloxan monohydrate, Methanolic Extract, Wound Area

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ROMEILAH, Ramy M., Hossam S. EL-BELTAGI, Emad A. SHALABY, Kareem M. YOUNES, Hani EL MOLL, Saravanan RAJENDRASOZHAN, and Heba MOHAMED. "Antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of Artemisia monosperma L. and Tamarix aphylla L. essential oils." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 49, no. 1 (February 11, 2021): 12233. http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha49112233.

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Essential (volatile) oil from leaves of Artemisia monosperma L. belonging to family Asteraceae, and aerial parts of Tamarix aphylla L. (Athel) belonging to family Tamaricaceae were collected from the desert of Ha'il region, northern region of Saudi Arabia, hydro distilled by Clevenger apparatus and analysed by means of GC-MS techniques. Antioxidant activities of essential oils of A. monosperma and T. aphylla compared with ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as reference antioxidant compound were determined by method of DPPH radical scavenging assay and ABTS assay. In vitro screening of potential cytotoxicity of essential oils was also evaluated against human promyelocytic leukaemia cell lines (HL60 and NB4). The GC/MS analysis of A. monosperma essential oil resulted in identification of 61 components predominated mainly by β-Pinene as principal component (29.87%) and T. aphylla resulted in identification of 37 components of essential oil predominated mainly by 6,10,14- trimethyl-2-pentadecanone (21.43%) as principal component. Antioxidant activity as 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging and 2,2 -azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) increased with increasing essential oil concentrations of A. monosperma and T. aphylla (25, 50, 75, 100 and 200 μg mL-1). The most pronounced increases detected in the high concentrations of the two essential oils. Biologically, essential oil extracts exhibited cytotoxicity effects in dose dependent manner against human promyelocytic leukaemia cell lines (HL60 and NB4). In conclusion, A. monosperma and T. aphylla essential oils could be valuable source for cytotoxic agents with high safety and selective cytotoxicity profiles.

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El-Sherbeny, Ghada A., Mohammed A. Dakhil, Ebrahem M. Eid, and Mohamed Abdelaal. "Structural and Chemical Adaptations of Artemisia monosperma Delile and Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort. in Response to Arid Coastal Environments along the Mediterranean Coast of Egypt." Plants 10, no. 3 (March 4, 2021): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10030481.

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Arid coastal habitats are stressful regions subjected to the effects of biotic and abiotic factors. Vascular plants in these habitats display different responses to cope with these environmental fluctuations. This work addressed the morpho-anatomical features and chemical responses of two medicinal vascular plant species Artemisia monosperma Delile and Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort., growing naturally along the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. Soil properties (physical and chemical), morpho-anatomical features and chemical constituents (secondary metabolites, antioxidant activity and essential oils) for the two species were performed. Our results displayed that both species are surviving where soils are alkaline, high saline with low moisture and organic carbon. The morphology of both species appeared woody low shrub with fleshy leaves. The most marked anatomical attributes were the thick cuticle of the epidermal layer in leaves and stems, compact palisade cells and abundant idioblasts (secretory ducts, phenolic compounds and calcium oxalate). Also, sclerenchymatous pericycle fibers in stem and glandular trichomes on the leaf had appeared in A. monosperma. Both plants exhibited a considerable content of phenolics, flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids and antioxidant activity with a higher level in A. monosperma than L. crithmoides. The leaf extracts of both plants showed higher values than the stem extracts. The sesquiterpenes group were the major identified compounds of the essential oils (EOs) in A. monosperma and L. crithmoides, and the majority were oxygenated sesquiterpenes with percentages of 42.63% and 51.49%, respectively. The second major group of EOs was monoterpenes, which were represented in A. monosperma in concentrations (34.04%) much higher than those recorded in L. crithmoides (4.97%). Exploring the local adaptation mechanism used by the target plants helps us to understand how these plants can acclimatize to harsh conditions, and this provides critical insights into the protection and survival strategy of species under extreme conditions.

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Brogni, Cláudio Francisco, Lain Uriel Ohlweiler, Norton Klein, Joana Claudia Mezzalira, Jose Cristani, and Alceu Mezzalira. "Pre-incubation of porcine semen reduces the incidence of polyspermy on embryos derived from low quality oocytes." Ciência Rural 46, no. 6 (June 2016): 1113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20150700.

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ABSTRACT: The main cause of low efficiency of in vitro produced porcine embryos is the high polyspermic penetration rates at fertilization, which is aggravated in low quality oocytes. Experiment 1 evaluated the embryo development in high and low quality oocytes. Experiment 2 evaluated the embryo development and quality of low quality oocytes fertilized with sperm pre-incubated during 0h (control), 0.5h, 1h and 1.5h. Experiment 3 investigated fertilization and monospermic rates of the same groups of Experiment 2. Experiment 4 evaluated embryo development, cell density, fertilization and monospermic rates of high quality oocytes using semen pre incubated during the best time observed in the previous experiments. Cleavage and blastocyst rates were analyzed by chi-square test, and remaining data by ANOVA and Tukey test (P≤0.05). The cleavage (74.8 vs 51.7%) and blastocyst (33.7 vs 9.8%) rates were greater in oocytes of high versus low quality, with no differences in cell density. Fertilization rates (65.6 to 79.5%) were not influenced by pre-incubation time. However, semen pre-incubation during 1.5h increased monospermic penetration (53.3%) and cleavage rates (92.5%) in low quality oocytes. Blastocyst rate was improved with 1.5h of semen pre incubation; however they were still lower than that observed with high quality control oocytes. Ultimately, pre-incubation did not influence fertilization, monospermic penetration, embryo development rates, nor cell density in oocytes of high quality. Low-quality porcine oocytes resulted in better rates of embryo development if in vitro fertilized with sperm pre-incubated for 1.5 hour.

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Patel, Parag, Karan Patel, Chilka Prajapati, Meghna Thakor, and Neha Raval. "EXTRACTION OF NATURAL DYE FROM BUTEA MONOSPERMA (LAM.) TAUB. FLOWER DYEING COTTON - POLYESTER FABRIC." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 03 (March 31, 2021): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12623.

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Natural dyes are emerging globally as eco-friendly synthetic colorant. Natural dyeing is process of applying coloring matter directly on fiber, yarn or fabric without any additives. Butea monosperma (Lam.)Taub. is one of most important ornamental plants mainly grow in forest and rich in orange pigments. In the present study, the dyeing pigments present in naturally drop flowers of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. Extraction by using four different Mordant with aqueous extraction method and one Ethno botanical local method on cotton-polyester mix fabric. The result revealed that, different color like light yellow, orange, brown, cream etc. were obtained from the dye when subjected to Mordant. The crud flower petals dye after further purification and refining has tremendous scope as medicine and also serve a coloring material in soft drink and other food product like jam, chow main, noodles, sausage etc. Natural dye from the flower of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. In the field of textile, food item and pharmaceutical industry.

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Theng, Madhuri A., G. R. Sitaphale, and K. R. Biyani. "EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF POLYHERBAL FORMULATION." International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research 9, no. 6 (November 14, 2017): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ijcpr.2017v9i6.23420.

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Objective: The present study describes the anti-microbial acivity of Acacia arabica and Butea monosperma bark extract.Methods: For this purpose aqueous extract of bark were prepared by “Soxhlet extraction method”. The experimentally induced burn wound model in rats by “Excision method”.Results: As a result of this study it was found that the extract of bark generally revealed antimicrobial and wound healing activity.Conclusion: The result of the study suggest that the Acacia arabica and Butea monosperma bark of polyherbal gel effective in accelerating wound healing process.

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Ahmed, Fakhruddin Ali, and Humayun Kabir. "Ethnomedicinal value, phytochemical composition and bioactivity of Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 2 (May 18, 2016): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v4i2.27792.

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Ethnomedicinal study on Butea monosperma (Lam.) Taub. revealed that native people of Netrokona district extensively use flower, bark and leaves of the plant to treat different kinds of diseases. People of the studied area used the plant to treat goiter, diabetes, painful menstruation, body swellings, intestinal worms, urinary stone, leucorrhoea and chronic fever. Application of root powder mixed with honey as an antidote for snake bite was recorded for the first time. Phytochemical screening of the methanolic extracts of flowers, leaves and stem of this plant showed the presence of carbohydrate, flavonoid, glycosides, saponins, terpenoids and steroids. Through qualitative assessment, flower was found to be rich in flavonoids compared to leaf and stem. Leaf extract of B. monosperma showed relatively higher cytotoxicity than flower and stem extracts. The highest free radical scavenging activity was observed in flower sample (73.49%) and the lowest in leaf sample (48.17%). The results of the present study may be a proof of a scientific basis for the use of B. monosperma in traditional medicine.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(2): 19-29, 2015 (December)

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Brahimi, H. Bokhari-Taieb, D. E. Aizi, A. Bouhafsoun, K. Hachem, R. Mezemaze, and M. Kaid-Harche. "Extraction and analysis of polysaccharides from tissues of Retama monosperma branches." South Asian Journal of Experimental Biology 9, no. 5 (January 6, 2020): 214–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.38150/sajeb.9(5).p214-221.

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Retama monosperma is a fabaceous shrub that colonizes dune sands owing to its particularly important root system at depth and on the surface. It establishes symbiotic associations with rhizobia and thus plays a role in the bio -fertilization of soils. The stem fibers of R. monosperma are an interesting material for industry because of their useful biometric, physical, chemical and structural characteristics. The aim of this study was to complete these data with a biochemical analysis of the cell walls tissues of adult branches of R. monosperma. Cellulose, hemicelluloses and pectins were extracted from cell wall. The weight dosage indicated that cellulose remained the major component of the wall (56% from the crude cell wall and 52% from the delignified cell wall) ahead of hemicelluloses (16% from the crude cell wall and 14% from the delignified cell wall) and pectins (5.6% from the crude cell wall and 5% from the delignified cell wall for water extract pectins and 3% from the crude cell wall and 2.4% from the delignified cell wall for oxalate extract pectins). The colorimetric assay of pectins extracted from lignified cell wall of R. monosperma suggested presence of more uronic acids (14.95µg/mL) than pectins extracted from a delignified cell wall (12.37 µg/mL). Gas chromatographic analysis of hemicellulosic extracts showed the presence of xylose as the major ose (54.7% from the crude cell wall and 46.7% from the delignified cell wall). Pectins were represented by homogalacturonan chains and rhamnogalacturonans 1. Data generated in this study are helpful for valorization of this plant.

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Detomini, J. P., R. R. Tirloni, C. V. Araujo, and L. R. Martins. "24 EVALUATION OF THE PREGNANCY RATE OF FIXED-TIME ARTIFICIALLY INSEMINATED BOS INDICUS COWS USING HETEROSPERMIC AND MONOSPERMIC SEMEN." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 25, no. 1 (2013): 159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv25n1ab24.

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The aim of this study was to establish a comparison between heterospermic and monospermic semen on the pregnancy rate of fixed-time AI Bos indicus cows. The experiment was conducted in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil, during December 2010 and February 2011. Multiparous (n = 173) and primiparous (n = 204) Nelore cows, 45 ± 15 days postpartum, were evaluated on body condition score (BCS; score 1 to 9), and those that presented BCS between 5 and 8 were selected. Two protocols of estrous cycle synchronization were performed (PeCG and Pshang). Synchronization of the estrous cycle was achieved with the aid of the following protocol: on Day 0, all animals were treated with a progesterone vaginal implant with 1.9 g of progesterone combined with an IM injection of 2 mg of estradiol benzoate. On Day 7, an IM injection of 12.5 mg of dinoprost was administered. On Day 9, implants were withdrawn and the animals received an IM injection of 0.5 mg of estradiol cypionate. On Day 9, part of the animals (n = 222) received an IM injection of 300 IU mg of eCG (PeCG) and the other part (n = 155) had their calves removed for 48 hours (Pshang). All animals were inseminated 46 to 52 h after the end of the protocol. Cows were allocated randomly in 4 groups according to the donor male sample in the semen straw and groups were designated as MA (monospermic straw from bull A; n = 110), MB (monospermic straw from bull B; n = 102), MC (monospermic straw from bull C; n = 108), and HT (heterospermic sample from bulls A, B, and C; n = 57). Commercially available semen straws from Aberdeen Angus donors were used (ABS Pecplan, Brazil). Pregnancy diagnosis was performed 35 days after AI using real-time ultrasonography. Results are summarized in Table 1. There was no statistical difference between MA, MB, MC, and HT in any group according to the chi-square test (P > 0.05). However, there was a remarkable difference in pregnancy rates among the 3 bulls tested considering both protocols, probably due to the variation in the ovulation moment. Table 1.Pregnancy rates of Nelore cows submitted to FTAI protocol inseminated with monospermic (bull A, B, or C) or heterospermic (HT) semen

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Hayashi, T., H. Sato, H. Iwata, T. Kuwayama, and Y. Monji. "Inhibitory effects of calcium ionophore pretreatment of porcine oocytes on polyspermic fertilization." Zygote 14, no. 1 (February 2006): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199406003558.

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The present study examined the inhibitory effects of various pretreatment concentrations (0–100 μM) of the calcium ionophore A23187 on polyspermic fertilization and then examined the effect of the maturation period and the time between calcium ionophore treatment and fertilization on the inhibitory effect of calcium ionophore on polyspermic fertilization. In experiment 1, a high concentration of calcium ionophore (100 μM) increased the rate of activated oocytes, but the rate of fertilization declined. On the other hand, when oocytes were treated with a low concentration of calcium ionophore (10 μM), monospermic fertilization was significantly increased (10 μM; 31.3%) (p < 0.05). In experiment 2, oocytes were cultured for various times (0, 0.5, 3, 6 h) after calcium ionophore treatment (10 μM) before fertilization. The highest rate of monospermic fertilization was detected in the oocytes cultured for 6 h after calcium ionophore treatment before fertilization. In experiments 3 and 4, we examined the effect of the maturation period (40 h or 44 h) on the rate of fertilization and blastulation of oocytes pretreated with calcium ionophore. The treatment of oocytes with calcium ionophore significantly decreased the rate of polyspermic fertilization regardless of the maturation period (44 h: with calcium ionophore 26.25% vs without 78.8%; 40 h: with calcium ionophore 37.5% vs without 77.5%); however, calcium ionophore treatment increased the rates of monospermic fertilization and blastulation of the oocytes matured for 44 h, but not those matured for 40 h. In conclusion, activation with a low concentration of calcium ionophore (10 μM) and a further 6 h of culture before fertilization improved the rate of monospermic fertilization and blastulation.

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Dellafiore, C. M., C. Rouco, S. Muñóz Vallés, and J. B. Gallego Fernández. "Seasonal habitat use by the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a coastal dune system in SW Spain." Animal Biodiversity and Conservation 37, no. 2 (December 2014): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.32800/abc.2014.37.0233.

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We studied habitat use by the wild European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) in a coastal sand dune system in the south–western Iberian peninsula. Our goals were to define the use of this habitat by rabbits in relation to food and shelter availability between seasons. Rabbit density, food availability and refuge abundance were analysed using multiple regression analyses. We found that, independently of season, habitat selection was principally related to cover by the woody shrub Retama monosperma which rabbits use both as a food resource and as protection against predators. Although it is an invasive native plant, the benefits that R. monosperma provides.

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Tateno, Hiroyuki, and Yujiroh Kamiguchi. "In vitro fertilisation of Chinese hamster oocytes by spermatozoa that have undergone ionophore A23187-induced acrosome reaction, and their subsequent development into blastocysts." Zygote 4, no. 2 (May 1996): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199400002963.

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SummaryTo enhance potential use of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus, in developmental and cytogenetic studies of mammalian gametes and embryos, techniques for in vitro fertilisation and embryo culture were developed in the species. Spermatozoa were recovered from the vasa deferentia of mature males, and incubated in modified TYH medium for 1 h at 37°C under 5% CO2 in air. They were then treated with ionophore A23187 (20¼M) for 10min to induce the acrosome reaction. Following ionophore treatment, superovulated oocytes were collected from hormonally stimulated females and incubated with the acrosome-reacted spermatozoa for 2 h at 37°C under 5% CO2 in air. In this study, 245 oocytes ova (98.0%) were determined to be monospermic. The monospermic ova were then cultured in TYH supplemented with 1mM hypotaurine under the same gas phase. Within 30h of fertilisation, 182 ova (93.8%) cleaved to the 2-cell stage, and subsequently 163 ova (84.0%) developed beyond the 2-cell stage. Thus, obstinate developmental arrest at the 2-cell stage(‘2-cell block’) was not observed in this species. Ultimately, 65.5% of monospermic ova reached morula to blastocyst stages.

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Fakhech, Abdessamad, Martin Jemo, Najat Manaut, Lahcen Ouahmane, and Mohamed Hafidi. "Impact of Mycorrhization on Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency of Acacia gummifera and Retama monosperma under Salt Stress." Forests 12, no. 5 (May 13, 2021): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12050611.

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The impact of salt stress on the growth and phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUE) of two leguminous species: Retama monosperma and Acacia gummifera was studied. The effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to mitigate salt stress was furthermore assessed. Growth, N and P tissue concentrations, mycorrhizal root colonization frequency and intensity, and P utilization efficiency (PUE) in the absence or presence of AMF were evaluated under no salt (0 mM L−1) and three salt (NaCl) concentrations of (25, 50 and 100 mM L−1) using a natural sterilized soil. A significant difference in mycorrhizal colonization intensity, root-to-shoot ratio, P uptake, PUE, and N uptake was observed between the legume species. Salt stress inhibited the shoot and root growth, and reduced P and N uptake by the legume species. Mycorrhizal inoculation aided to mitigate the effects of salt stress with an average increase of shoot and root growth responses by 35% and 32% in the inoculated than in the non-inoculated A. gummifera treatments. The average shoot and root growth responses were 37% and 45% higher in the inoculated compared to the non-inoculated treatments of R. monosperma. Average mycorrhizal shoot and root P uptake responses were 66% and 68% under A. gummifera, and 40% and 95% under R. monosperma, respectively. Mycorrhizal inoculated treatments consistently maintained lower PUE in the roots. The results provide insights for further investigations on the AMF conferred mechanisms to salt stress tolerance response by A. gummifera and R. monosperma, to enable the development of effective technologies for sustainable afforestation and reforestation programs in the Atlantic coast of Morocco.

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Ray, Biswaranjan, Santosh Kumar Mahapatra, Pradipta Kumar Behera, and Ashok K. Panigrahi. "EVALUATION OF ANTIHYPERGLYCAEMIC EFFECT OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA LEAF EXTRACT ON ADRENALIN INDUCED AND HIGH GLUCOSE FEED ANIMAL MODEL." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 12 (December 1, 2017): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i12.21501.

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Objective: As per the ethnopharmacological information has Butea monosperma been used to treat diabetes mellitus by the tribal people of tropical and subtropical areas. However, there is no much more scientific report available about the antidiabetic property of the leaves of the plant. Hence, the study was undertaken to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of ethanolic extract of B. monosperma on blood levels of adrenaline-induced and glucose feed diabetic rabbits.Methods: The three different doses of the extracts (100, 200, and 400 mg/kg) were administered orally to an experimental animal. The animals were induced diabetics by adrenaline and high glucose diet. Blood glucose level was measured accordingly. For antidiabetic activity, photocolorimeter was used to monitoring the blood glucose level with crest kit box (GOP-POD method).Results: The extracts showed considerable dose-dependent activity. However, the dose 400 mg/kg showed considerable lower of blood glucose level. p<0.01 indicates the significance result. 8 hrs reading 182.5±3.83 for 400 mg does is most effective for reducing blood sugar.Conclusion: The study indicates that the ethanolic extract of B. monosperma leaves possesses antidiabetic properties which suggest the presence of biologically active components.

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Damiano, C., P. Esposito, P. Curir, and B. Ruffoni. "MICROGRAFTING IN GENISTA MONOSPERMA LAM." Acta Horticulturae, no. 227 (September 1988): 107–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1988.227.15.

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Stavri, Michael, Christopher H. J. Ford, Franz Bucar, Bernhard Streit, Michael L. Hall, R. Thomas Williamson, K. T. Mathew, and Simon Gibbons. "Bioactive constituents of Artemisia monosperma." Phytochemistry 66, no. 2 (January 2005): 233–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2004.11.010.

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Prashanth, D., M. K. Asha, A. Amit, and R. Padmaja. "Anthelmintic activity of Butea monosperma." Fitoterapia 72, no. 4 (May 2001): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0367-326x(00)00333-6.

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Arefin, Shah Md Anisul, Md Alimul Islam, Syeda Tahmina Binte Rashid, Md Abu Rayhan, Md Monir Hossen, Md Jahir Alam, and Masum Shahriar. "Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and CNS effect of the ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma roots." Jahangirnagar University Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 1 (May 18, 2016): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jujbs.v4i1.27781.

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The analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and CNS activities of the ethanolic extract of Butea monosperma roots were examined. The extract produced no significant inhibition of abdominal constrictions caused by acetic acid. It showed significant inhibition of the earlyphase of formalin-induced pain, also reduced the weight of granuloma induced by a cotton pellet. Moreover, the extract caused a moderate inhibition of ear swelling in mice caused by croton oil. In pentobarbital induced sleeping time test the extract slightly reduced the onset and increased the duration of sleeping. Therefore, Butea monosperma showed analgesic, antiinflammatory, mild anticonvulsant activities as well as sedative effect on CNS.Jahangirnagar University J. Biol. Sci. 4(1): 9-18, 2015 (June)

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González-Mauraza, Nuria H., Antonio J. León-González, José L. Espartero, Juan B. Gallego-Fernández, Marina Sánchez-Hidalgo, and Carmen Martin-Cordero. "Isolation and Quantification of Pinitol, a Bioactive Cyclitol, in Retama spp." Natural Product Communications 11, no. 3 (March 2016): 1934578X1601100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1601100321.

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The genus Retama (Fabaceae) is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region. In the present study, pinitol (3- O-methyl- chiro-inositol), an anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic molecule, was isolated from aerial parts of R. monosperma, and its structure established on the basis of spectroscopic techniques (1D/2D NMR) and MS. Identification and quantification of pinitol in R. raetam and R. sphaerocarpa were also performed. R. monosperma had the highest concentration of pinitol (2.3%). The presence of pinitol in aqueous extracts of Retama spp. may explain the adaptation of these plants to drought and salinity. Furthermore, pinitol could be considered as a mediator in the anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic activities of Retama spp., which are traditionally used to treat diabetes.

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Kumar, Ashwani, Preeti Vyas, Muneer A. Malla, and Anamika Dubey. "Taxonomic and Functional Annotation of Termite Degraded Butea monosperma (Lam.) Kuntze (Flame of the Forest)." Open Microbiology Journal 13, no. 1 (May 31, 2019): 154–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874285801913010154.

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Background: Butea monosperma is an economically and medicinally important plant that grows all over India, however, the plant is highly susceptible to termite attack. The present study unravelled the bacterial community composition and their functional attributions from the termite degraded Butea. Methods: Total genomic DNA from termite degraded Butea monosperma samples was extracted and subjected to sequencing on Illumina's Miseq. The raw and unassembled reads obtained from high-throughput sequencing were used for taxonomic and functional profiling using different online and stand-alone softwares. Moreover, to ascertain the effect of different geographical locations and environmental factors, comparative analysis was performed using four other publically available metagenomes. Results: The higher abundance of Actinobacteria (21.27%), Proteobacteria (14.18%), Firmicutes (10.46%), and Bacteroidetes (4.11%) was found at the phylum level. The genus level was dominated by Bacillus (4.33%), Gemmatimonas (3.13%), Mycobacterium (1.82%), Acidimicrobium (1.69%), Thermoleophilum (1.23%), Nocardioides (1.44%), Terrimonas and Acidithermus (1.09%) and Clostridium (1.05%). Functional annotation of the termite degraded B. monosperma metagenome revealed a high abundance of ammonia oxidizers, sulfate reducers, dehalogenators, nitrate reducers, sulfide oxidizers, xylan degraders, nitrogen fixers and chitin degraders. Conclusion: The present study highlights the significance of the inherent microbiome of the degraded Butea shaping the microbial communities for effective degradation of biomass and different environmental toxicants. The unknown bacterial communities present in the sample can serve as enzyme sources for lignocelluloses degradation for biofuel production.

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Munné, Santiago, Mina Alikani, and Jacques Cohen. "Monospermic polyploidy and atypical embryo morphology." Human Reproduction 9, no. 3 (March 1994): 506–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.humrep.a138536.

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Kushwaha, Sonika, Devendra Kumar, and Akhilesh Kumar. "Avifauna Associated with Palash (Butea monosperma), the State Flower of Uttar Pradesh, India." International Journal of Life- Sciences Scientific Research 3, no. 4 (July 6, 2017): 1118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.4.3.

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TANDON, R. "Reproductive Biology of Butea monosperma (Fabaceae)." Annals of Botany 92, no. 5 (September 10, 2003): 715–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcg193.

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Raghuvanshi, S. S., and Kalpana Pande. "B Chromosome inButea Monosperma, a Tree." Caryologia 38, no. 2 (January 1985): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00087114.1985.10797740.

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Elgamal, M. H. A., S. A. Ouf, A. G. Hanna, and F. Y. Yassin. "Phytochemical and mycological investigation ofArtemisia monosperma." Folia Microbiologica 42, no. 3 (June 1997): 203–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02818979.

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Oliveira, V. P., M. G. Marques, A. B. Nascimento, H. V. A. Caetano, M. E. O. A. Assumpção, and J. A. Visintin. "288 EFFECT OF IN VITRO MATURATION PERIOD AND OOCYTE ACTIVATION BY CALCIUM IONOPHORE ON MONOSPERMIC PORCINE EMBRYO RATES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab288.

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It has already been reported that polyspermy in prepubertal pig oocytes is higher than in mature oocytes. Oocyte activation by calcium ionophore may help cortical granule exocytose. Normally, pig zygotes stay in maturation medium for 44 h, but at 36 h oocytes are already at metaphase II stage (MII). Arrest at MII for a longer period may cause deterioration of various cytoskeletal components. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of maturation period (36 or 44 h) and 0 or 50 �M calcium ionophore on monospermic pig embryo rates. Prepubertal pig oocytes were matured in TCM-199 with 10 IU eCG + 10 IU hCG + 50 IU epidermal growth factor (eGF) + 90 �L porcine follicular fluid (pFF) for 20 h and in the same medium without hormones for the last 16 or 24 h. In vitro fertilization was performed in mTBM medium with 1 � 105 spermatozoa/mL in three different periods (2, 4, and 6 h). For nuclear evaluation, the zigotes were stained by Hoechst 33342 18 h after fertilization. Results were analyzed by PRC GLM of SAS (ANOVA and Tukey test) at a 5% level. Data were expressed as mean � standard error of the mean non transformed. Independent variables were maturation period, effect of calcium ionophore, interaction among calcium*maturation period, and manipulations. In non-fertilized oocytes, there was no effect of maturation period, manipulation, or interaction calcium*maturation, but there was effect of calcium ionophore, having 43.5 � 2.5 more non-fertilized oocytes at 36 h and 43.1 � 5.1 more at 44 h of maturation (P < 0.01). At 36 h oocytes not activated by calcium ionophore showed 29.7 � 4.9 more monospermic embryos than activated oocytes (P < 0.01). However, at 44 h of maturation, activation with calcium ionophore produced 47.4 � 7.2 more monospermic embryos than non activated oocytes. From this study we conclude that monospermic embryo rates were influenced by maturation period, with the best results at 36 h in the absence and at 44 h in the presence of 50 �M of calcium ionophore. This work was supported by CAPES.

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Pereira, JMC, NMS Sequeira, and JMB Carreiras. "Structural-Properties and Dimensional Relations of Some Mediterranean Shrub Fuels." International Journal of Wildland Fire 5, no. 1 (1995): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wf9950035.

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Structural properties of fuelbeds and particles of 60 plants of four shrub species (Ulex parviflorus,Lygos monosperma, Erica arborea, and Erica scoparia) common in the undergrowth of maritime pine forests were inventoried, namely total biomass, biomass distribution by diameter class, dead-to-live biomass ratios, bulk density, and surface-to-volume ratios. Porosity and packing ratios were calculated from the inventoried data. Results are compared with those reported for other shrub fuels of mediterranean and other plant communities. We developed dimensional relations to simplify prediction of total plant biomass, as well as biomass in the 1-hour, 10-hour, and 100-hour timelag size classes. Dimension analysis results are considered quite satisfactory for L. monosperma and Erica sp., while there seems to be some room for improvement regarding our ability to predict biomass of U. parviflorus, based on simple measurements of plant dimensions.

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XUE, BINE, MING-FAI LIU, and RICHARD M. K. SAUNDERS. "The nomenclatural demise of Oncodostigma (Annonaceae): the remaining species transferred to Meiogyne." Phytotaxa 309, no. 3 (June 16, 2017): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.309.3.15.

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Oncodostigma Diels (1912: 143) was erected by Diels (1912) based on the type species O. leptoneura Diels (1912: 143). Five additional species were subsequently added to the genus, viz.: O. wilsonii Guillaumin (1931: 224), O. monosperma (Hooker & Thomson 1872: 57) Sinclair (1951: 605), O. mindorense (Merrill 1907: 273) Bân (1974: 1779), O. hainanense (Merrill 1925: 131) Tsiang & Li (1979: 81) and O. microflorum Okada (1996: 8). Van Heusden (1992) conducted a detailed comparative study of the floral morphology of Annonaceae and noted that Oncodostigma is not clearly distinct from Meiogyne Miquel (1865: 12). She subsequently transferred O. mindorense and O. monosperma to Meiogyne and reduced O. wilsonii to synonymy with M. cylindrocarpa (Burck 1911: 433) Heusden (1994: 499). The name Oncodostigma hainanense (Merrill 1925: 131) Tsiang & Li (1979: 81) had previously been transferred to Meiogyne by Bân (1973).

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Oberlender, Guilherme, Salvador Ruiz López, Aitor D. De Ondiz Sánchez, Luis A. Vieira, Mariane Barreto Pereira, Luany de Fátima Silva, Márcio G. Zangeronimo, and Luis D. S. Murgas. "In vitro fertilization of porcine oocytes is affected by spermatic coincubation time." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 36, suppl 1 (June 2016): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2016001300009.

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Abstract: The aim was to study the effects of different gamete coincubation times on porcine in vitro fertilization (IVF), and to verify whether efficiency could be improved by reducing oocyte exposure time to spermatozoa during IVF. In groups of 50, a total of 508 immature cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were matured in NCSU-37 medium. The COCs were cultured for 44 hours and then inseminated with in natura semen (2,000 spermatozoa/oocyte). The sperm and oocytes were coincubated according to the following treatments (T): T1 = oocytes exposed to spermatozoa for one hour (173 oocytes), T2 = oocytes exposed to spermatozoa for two hours (170 oocytes), and T3 = oocytes exposed to spermatozoa for three hours (165 oocytes). After these coincubation periods, the oocytes were washed in fertilization medium (TALP medium) to remove spermatozoa not bound to the zona pellucida and cultured in another similar medium (containing no sperm). Eighteen to twenty hours after fertilization, the putative zygotes were stained in Hoechst-33342 to evaluate the IVF results. The penetration rate was higher (P<0.05) after two hours of coincubation time than it was for one or three hours. Furthermore, 68.60% of the ova coincubated with the spermatozoa for two hours were monospermic. The oocytes exposed to spermatozoa for one hour (T1) presented a higher (P<0.01) rate of polyspermy than those in T2 and T3. Fertilization performance (%) did not differ (P>0.05) between oocytes exposed to spermatozoa for one (T1) and three hours (T3). However, optimum (P=0.048) results were obtained after two hours of coincubation, when the rate of fertilization performance was 50.16±8.52%. The number of penetrated sperm per oocyte, as well as male pronucleus formation, did not differ (P>0.05) between the treatments evaluated. Under these assay conditions, especially in relation to the sperm concentration used, gamete coincubation for a period of two hours appears to be optimal for monospermy and fertilization performance. Thus, it is the optimal time period for obtaining a large number of pig embryos capable of normal development.

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JOSHI, Santosh, Dalip K. UPRETI, and Sanjeeva NAYAKA. "Two new species in the lichen genus Phlyctis (Phlyctidaceae) from India." Lichenologist 44, no. 3 (March 29, 2012): 363–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0024282911000879.

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AbstractAn account is given of the lichen genus Phlyctis in India. Phlyctis monosperma, with single spored asci and psoromic acid, and P. subhimalayensis, lacking secondary metabolites, are described here as new to science. A worldwide key to the genus is provided.

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Pandit, PS, Sunila Kumari, and JJ Pastagia. "Colour Extraction from Butea monosperma (palash) Flowers." Journal of Tree Sciences 35, no. 2 (2016): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2455-7129.2016.00004.2.

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Alias, Asmah. "Triterpenes, Sesquiterpene and Alkaloids from Meiogyne monosperma." Open Conference Proceedings Journal 4, no. 1 (2013): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210289201304020001.

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Kumar, Anurag, Niranjan Sutar, Uma Shankar Sharma, Sailesh Kumar, and Namrata Singh. "DIURETIC ACTIVITY OF BUTEA MONOSPERMA FLOWERS EXTRACT." INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH JOURNAL OF PHARMACY 2, no. 9 (October 13, 2013): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.04923.

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40

Belmokhtar, Zoubir, and Meriem Kaid Harche. "In vitroantioxidant activity ofRetama monosperma(L.) Boiss." Natural Product Research 28, no. 24 (July 17, 2014): 2324–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.934237.

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AIZI, Djamel Eddine, and HARCHE Meriem KAID. "Extraction and characterization of Retama monosperma fibers." African Journal of Biotechnology 14, no. 35 (September 2, 2015): 2644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2015.14812.

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Abdel-Mogib, M., A. M. Dawidar, M. A. Metwally, and M. Abou-Elzahab. "p-Coumaric acid derivatives from Artemisia monosperma." Phytochemistry 29, no. 8 (January 1990): 2728–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(90)85231-4.

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Maurya, Rakesh, Dinesh K. Yadav, Geetu Singh, Biju Bhargavan, P. S. Narayana Murthy, Mahendra Sahai, and Man Mohan Singh. "Osteogenic activity of constituents from Butea monosperma." Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters 19, no. 3 (February 2009): 610–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.12.064.

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Somani, Rahul, Sanjay Kasture, and Abhay Kumar Singhai. "Antidiabetic potential of Butea monosperma in rats." Fitoterapia 77, no. 2 (February 2006): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2005.11.003.

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Shahavi, V. M., and S. K. Desai. "Anti-inflammatory activity of Butea monosperma flowers." Fitoterapia 79, no. 2 (February 2008): 82–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2007.06.014.

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46

Wang, Chun-Hui, Pan-Lei Wei, Bin Guan, Hui-Zi Jin, and Wei-Dong Zhang. "Chemical Constituents from Celastrus monospermus." Chemistry of Natural Compounds 50, no. 1 (March 2014): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10600-014-0892-1.

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Qin, Jun-Jun, Yi-Fan Fu, Xi Chen, Yu-Ting Liu, Ji-Hui Zhao, Jian-Ping Zuo, Yi-Ming Li, Wei-Liang Zhu, and Wei-Min Zhao. "Celamonols A–D, four triterpenoid and catechin conjugates with immunosuppressive activities from the stems of Celastrus monospermus." Organic Chemistry Frontiers 6, no. 22 (2019): 3786–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9qo00974d.

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Dalli, Youcef, Noureddine Yahia, Seghir Hadjadj-Aoul, and Abdelkader Bekki. "Effect of the Rhizospheric Micro-organisms of Some Fabaceaes and Peat Substratum on the Growth of Carob Tree (Ceratonia siliqua L.)." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 17 (October 15, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n17p86.

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Intensive exploitation of sand quarry sites inevitably results in near total destruction of plant cover and soil degradation. The damage done is so important that without human intervention, soil scarification and vegetable return to growth may take several decades. In order to conduct a site rehabilitation programme successfully reforestation through the plantation of a native species such as the carob tree (Ceratonia siliqua) should be the appropriate choice. Because of their facilitation effect, the spontaneous leguminous plants present in the site, specifically Lotus creticus, Retama monosperma and L. creticus associated with R.monosperma can be used as nurse plants. Our assumption is that they possess a rhizosphere rich in microorganisms, which may positively impact the growth of carob. To this end, a study is conducted in order to: a) estimate the diversity of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) living underneath the spontaneous leguminous plants of the site; b) determine their combined effect with other microsymbionts (i.e., total bacteria and actinobacteria) on the growth of the carob tree; c) draw a comparison with carob grown in bare soil and in sterile soil mixed with peat regarding its growth parameters and mineral nutrition. The trees were grown in plastic pots under greenhouse conditions and, after 12 months, the results have shown that, against all odds, the soils of R. monosperma and L. criticus associated with R. monosperma do not significantly influence the growth of the tree whereas the impact of the soil of L. creticus is outright negative. On the other hand, peat improves the root and aerial growth of the tree, which shows in leaves number, branch number and capacity of nutrition in nitrogen. Because a little richer in actinobacteria, bare soil increases the length of the aerial parts and improves the tree’s phosphorus uptake.

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Vazquez, J. M., E. A. Martinez, I. Parrilla, C. Cuello, M. A. Gil, E. Garcia, I. Caballero, C. Almiñana, J. Roca, and J. L. Vazquez. "352 IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF LAPAROSCOPIC INTRAOVIDUCTAL INSEMINATION WITH SEX-SORTED BOAR SPERMATOZOA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv18n2ab352.

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The insemination of a low number of sex-sorted spermatozoa is a critical issue that must be solved in order to enable the commercial application of this technology in pigs. A new procedure for laparoscopic intraoviductal insemination in sows has recently been reported (Vazquez et al. 2005 Reprod. Dom. Animals 40, 375 abst.). To improve the efficiency of this technique, this experiment was designed to determine the influence of insemination time, relative to the time of ovulation, on the number and quality of zygotes recovered after laparoscopic insemination of sows with sex-sorted spermatozoa. Spermatozoa were stained with Hoechst 33342 and sexed using the EPICS Altra flow sorter (Coulter Corporation, Miami, FL, USA) modified to operate at 42 psi for spermatozoa. Sorted spermatozoa were collected in tubes containing 1.5 mL of TEST-yolk (2%)-seminal plasma (10%). Post-weaning crossbred sows (n = 212; parity 2-4) were hormonally treated with eCG (Folligon; Intervet, Boxmeer, The Netherlands) and hCG (Veterin Corion, Divasa, Spain) and their ovaries were examined using transrectal ultrasonography at intervals of 4 h from 30 h after hCG injection to the laparoscopic insemination. Sows were allotted into three groups according to their ovarian status at insemination: preovulatory (P; n = 131), ovulating (O; n = 43), and ovulated (CL; n = 38) follicles. Follicle status was reconfirmed at insemination by direct observation using the laparoscope. Sows were inseminated in both oviducts with 0.3 million sex-sorted spermatozoa in 0.1 mL of extender. Eighteen hours later, putative zygotes were collected by washing the oviducts after laparotomy, fixed, stained with lacmoid, and examined by phase-contrast microscopy. Penetration rates were evaluated as numbers of monospermic and polyspermic oocytes per oocytes collected. Monospermic rates were evaluated as numbers of monospermic oocytes per oocytes penetrated. Data were analyzed by ANOVA. The number of putative zygotes collected were 2825, 957, and 736 for P, O, and CL groups, respectively. Penetration rates were not different (P > 0.05) among groups (90.4%, 94.5%, and 93.7% for P, O, and CL, respectively). However, the monospermic rate was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the P group (97.4%) when compared to the O or CL groups (66.7% and 5.1% for O and CL, respectively). Moreover, percentages of sows with six or more zygotes, potentially able to carry the pregnancy to term, were 90.8% and 46.5% for P and O groups, respectively (P < 0.05). No sow of the CL group presented six or more zygotes. In conclusion, laparoscopic insemination should be performed only in sows with preovulatory follicles when sex sorted spermatozoa are inseminated using this technology. This work was supported by CDTI and Fundacion Seneca.

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Funahashi, Hiroaki. "Effect of beta-mercaptoethanol during in vitro fertilization procedures on sperm penetration into porcine oocytes and the early development in vitro." Reproduction 130, no. 6 (December 2005): 889–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00702.

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This study was carried out to determine the effects of beta-mercaptoethanol (bME) during a transient co-culture of gametes for 10 min, and/or the following culture until 6–9 h after insemination, on sperm penetration of porcine in vitro maturation (IVM) oocytes and the early development in vitro. When fresh spermatozoa were cultured in various concentrations of bME for 2 h, bME neutralized the stimulatory effect of caffeine-benzoate on sperm capacitation and the spontaneous acrosome reaction at 50–250 μmol/l. When 50 μmol/l bME were added during a transient co-culture of gametes for 10 min, the sperm penetration rate was reduced 9 h after insemination (70.5–82.0% vs 90.5–94.0% in the absence of bME), but the incidence of monospermic penetration was not affected. When 50 μmol/l bME were supplemented during culture after a transient co-culture, the sperm penetration rate was not affected, but the incidence of monospermy oocytes was increased (43.9–45.8% vs 31.7–34.3% in the absence of bME). The presence of bME following a transient co-culture minimized a decrease of oocyte glutathione content at 6 h after insemination (7.9 pmol/oocyte before in vitro fertilization (IVF), 6.7 pmol/oocyte in the presence of bME vs 5.5 pmol/oocyte in the absence of bME). When the distribution of cortical granules was evaluated 1 h after activation with calcium ionophore, mean pixel intensity of fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled peanut agglutinin (FITC-PNA) at the cortex region was lower in the oocytes activated and cultured in the presence of 50 μmol/l bME. Although the presence of 50 μmol/l bME during a transient co-culture for 10 min and the following culture did not increased blastocyst formation (29.6–37.7%), 50 μmol/l bME during the following culture significantly increased the mean cell numbers per blastocyst (73.3–76.4 vs 51.2 in the presence and absence of bME respectively). These results demonstrate that supplementation with bME during IVF procedures, except during a transient co-culture period of gametes in the presence of caffeine, has a beneficial effect in maintaining the function of gametes, the incidence of normal fertilization and, consequently, the quality of IVF embryos.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Monospermia'

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