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Journal articles on the topic 'Monotremes Genetics'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Krubitzer, Leah. "What can monotremes tell us about brain evolution?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1372 (1998): 1127–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0271.

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The present review outlines studies of electrophsyiological organization, cortical architecture and thalmocortical and corticocortical connections in monotremes. Results of these studies indicate that the neocortex of monotremes has many features in common with other mammals. In particular, monotremes have at least two, and in some instances three, sensory fields for each modality, as well as regions of bimodal cortex. The internal organization of cortical fields and thalamocortical projection patterns are also similar to those described for other mammals. However, unlike most mammals investig

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2

Ecroyd, Heath, Brett Nixon, Jean-Louis Dacheux, and Russell C. Jones. "Testicular descent, sperm maturation and capacitation. Lessons from our most distant relatives, the monotremes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 8 (2009): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd09081.

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The present review examines whether monotremes may help to resolve three questions relating to sperm production in mammals: why the testes descend into a scrotum in most mammals, why spermatozoa are infertile when they leave the testes and require a period of maturation in the specific milieu provided by the epididymides, and why ejaculated spermatozoa cannot immediately fertilise an ovum until they undergo capacitation within the female reproductive tract. Comparisons of monotremes with other mammals indicate that there is a need for considerable work on monotremes. It is hypothesised that te

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3

Watson, JM. "Monotreme Genetics and Cytology and a Model for Sex-Chromosome Evolution." Australian Journal of Zoology 37, no. 3 (1989): 385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9890385.

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The protherian mammals consist of three species: the platypus, the Australian echidna and the Niugini echidna. These mammals diverged from the therian line of descent about 150-200 million years ago; hence comparisons of gene arrangements and gene control mechanisms between prototherian and therian mammals may yield significant data about gene rearrangements during mammalian evolution and about the evolution of complex genetic control systems. The chromosome complements of the three monotreme species are highly conserved. In particular, the X (or X1) chromosomes are G-band identical and share

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4

Stannard, Hayley J., Robert D. Miller, and Julie M. Old. "Marsupial and monotreme milk—a review of its nutrient and immune properties." PeerJ 8 (June 23, 2020): e9335. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9335.

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All mammals are characterized by the ability of females to produce milk. Marsupial (metatherian) and monotreme (prototherian) young are born in a highly altricial state and rely on their mother’s milk for the first part of their life. Here we review the role and importance of milk in marsupial and monotreme development. Milk is the primary source of sustenance for young marsupials and monotremes and its composition varies at different stages of development. We applied nutritional geometry techniques to a limited number of species with values available to analyze changes in macronutrient compos

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5

Tsend-Ayush, Enkhjargal, Shu Ly Lim, Andrew J. Pask, Diana Demiyah Mohd Hamdan, Marilyn B. Renfree, and Frank Grützner. "Characterisation of ATRX, DMRT1, DMRT7 and WT1 in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 8 (2009): 985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd09090.

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One of the most puzzling aspects of monotreme reproductive biology is how they determine sex in the absence of the SRY gene that triggers testis development in most other mammals. Although monotremes share a XX female/XY male sex chromosome system with other mammals, their sex chromosomes show homology to the chicken Z chromosome, including the DMRT1 gene, which is a dosage-dependent sex determination gene in birds. In addition, monotremes feature an extraordinary multiple sex chromosome system. However, no sex determination gene has been identified as yet on any of the five X or five Y chromo

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6

Kirsch, John A. W., and Gregory C. Mayer. "The platypus is not a rodent: DNA hybridization, amniote phylogeny and the palimpsest theory." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1372 (1998): 1221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0278.

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We present DNA–hybridization data on 21 amniotes and two anurans showing that discrimination is obtained among most of these at the class and lower levels. Trees generated from these data largely agree with conventional views, for example in not associating birds and mammals. However, the sister relationships found here of the monotremes to marsupials, and of turtles to the alligator, are surprising results which are nonetheless consistent with the results of some other studies. The Marsupionta hypothesis of Gregory is reviewed, as are opinions about the placement of chelonians. Anatomical and

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7

Newman, Janet, Julie A. Sharp, Ashwantha Kumar Enjapoori, et al. "Structural characterization of a novel monotreme-specific protein with antimicrobial activity from the milk of the platypus." Acta Crystallographica Section F Structural Biology Communications 74, no. 1 (2018): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053230x17017708.

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Monotreme lactation protein (MLP) is a recently identified protein with antimicrobial activity. It is present in the milk of monotremes and is unique to this lineage. To characterize MLP and to gain insight into the potential role of this protein in the evolution of lactation, the crystal structure of duck-billed platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) MLP was determined at 1.82 Å resolution. This is the first structure to be reported for this novel, mammalian antibacterial protein. MLP was expressed as a FLAG epitope-tagged protein in mammalian cells and crystallized readily, with at least three

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8

Sinclair, Andrew H., Jacyln M. Wrigley, and Jennifer A. Marshall Graves. "Autosomal assignment of OTC in marsupials and monotremes: implications for the evolution of sex chromosomes." Genetical Research 50, no. 2 (1987): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016672300023533.

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SummaryThe OTC gene coding for ornithine transcarbamylase is sex linked and subject to X inactivation in humans and mice. We have used a rat cDNA probe to localize OTC by in situ hybridization in marsupials and monotremes. The gene maps to an autosomal site in two distantly related marsupial species and in one monotreme (the platypus); the first demonstration that a gene X-linked in one mammalian species may be autosomal in another. Since the conservation of the mammalian X is thought to be a consequence of its isolation by the inactivation mechanism, we propose that an autosomal or pseudoauto

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9

Dobrovic, A., and Marshall Graves. "Gene mapping in marsupials and monotremes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 41, no. 1 (1986): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000132189.

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10

Dawson, G. W., and Marshall Graves. "Gene mapping in marsupials and monotremes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 42, no. 1-2 (1986): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000132256.

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11

Dawson, G. W., P. G. Johnston, and Marshall Graves. "Gene mapping in marsupials and monotremes." Cytogenetic and Genome Research 45, no. 1 (1987): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000132415.

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12

Proske, U., J. E. Gregory, and A. Iggo. "Sensory receptors in monotremes." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1372 (1998): 1187–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0275.

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This is a summary of the current knowledge of sensory receptors in skin of the bill of the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus , and the snout of the echidna, Tachyglossus aculeatus . Brief mention is also made of the third living member of the monotremes, the long–nosed echidna, Zaglossus bruijnii . The monotremes are the only group of mammals known to have evolved electroreception. The structures in the skin responsible for the electric sense have been identified as sensory mucous glands with an expanded epidermal portion that is innervated by large–diameter nerve fibres. Afferent recordings

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13

Grutzner, F., A. Casey, and T. Daish. "105. MEIOTIC ACROBATS: MONOTREME SEX CHROMOSOME ORGANISATION DURING SPERMATOGENESIS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 9 (2010): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb10abs105.

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Monotremes feature an extraordinarily complex sex chromosome system which shares extensive homology with bird sex chromosomes but no homology to sex chromosomes of other mammals (1,2,3). At meiotic prophase I the ten sex chromosomes in platypus (nine in echidna) assemble in a sex chromosome chain. We previously identified the multiple sex chromosomes in platypus and echidna that form the meiotic chain in males (1,2,4). We showed that sex chromosomes assembly in the chain in a specific order (5) and that they segregate alternately (1). In secondary spermatocytes we observed clustering of X and

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14

Behringer, Richard R., Guy S. Eakin, and Marilyn B. Renfree. "Mammalian diversity: gametes, embryos and reproduction." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 18, no. 2 (2006): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd05137.

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The class Mammalia is composed of approximately 4800 extant species. These mammalian species are divided into three subclasses that include the monotremes, marsupials and eutherians. Monotremes are remarkable because these mammals are born from eggs laid outside of the mother’s body. Marsupial mammals have relatively short gestation periods and give birth to highly altricial young that continue a significant amount of ‘fetal’ development after birth, supported by a highly sophisticated lactation. Less than 10% of mammalian species are monotremes or marsupials, so the great majority of mammals

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15

Graves, Jennifer A. Marshall. "MAMMALS THAT BREAK THE RULES:Genetics of Marsupials and Monotremes." Annual Review of Genetics 30, no. 1 (1996): 233–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.genet.30.1.233.

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16

Renfree, Marilyn B., Timothy A. Hore, Geoffrey Shaw, Jennifer A. Marshall Graves, and Andrew J. Pask. "Evolution of Genomic Imprinting: Insights from Marsupials and Monotremes." Annual Review of Genomics and Human Genetics 10, no. 1 (2009): 241–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-genom-082908-150026.

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17

Graves, J. A. M. "Gene Maps of Monotremes (Mammalian Subclass Prototheria)." ILAR Journal 39, no. 2-3 (1998): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar.39.2-3.225.

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18

Siegel, J. M., P. R. Manger, R. Nienhuis, H. M. Fahringer, and J. D. Pettigrew. "Monotremes and the evolution of rapid eye movement sleep." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1372 (1998): 1147–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0272.

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Early studies of the echidna led to the conclusion that this monotreme did not have rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Because the monotremes had diverged from the placental and marsupial lines very early in mammalian evolution, this finding was used to support the hypothesis that REM sleep evolved after the start of the mammalian line. The current paper summarizes our recent work on sleep in the echidna and platypus and leads to a very different interpretation. By using neuronal recording from mesopontine regions in the echidna, we found that despite the presence of a high–voltage cortical elect

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19

Frankenberg, S., A. J. Pask, and M. B. Renfree. "259. Pluripotency genes in a marsupial, the tammar wallaby." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 9 (2008): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb08abs259.

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Markers of pluripotency and early differentiation in the early embryo have been extensively characterised in eutherian species, most notably the mouse. By comparison, mechanisms controlling pluripotency and early lineage specification have received surprisingly little attention in marsupials, which represent the second major infraclass of mammals. Early marsupial embryogenesis exhibits overt morphological differences to that of eutherians, however the underlying developmental mechanisms may be conserved. In order to characterise early marsupial development at the molecular level, we have ident

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20

Marshall Graves, Jennifer A. "The evolution of mammalian sex chromosomes and dosage compensation: clues from marsupials and monotremes." Trends in Genetics 3 (January 1987): 252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-9525(87)90259-9.

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21

Czech-Damal, Nicole U., Alexander Liebschner, Lars Miersch, et al. "Electroreception in the Guiana dolphin ( Sotalia guianensis )." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1729 (2011): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.1127.

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Passive electroreception is a widespread sense in fishes and amphibians, but in mammals this sensory ability has previously only been shown in monotremes. While the electroreceptors in fish and amphibians evolved from mechanosensory lateral line organs, those of monotremes are based on cutaneous glands innervated by trigeminal nerves. Electroreceptors evolved from other structures or in other taxa were unknown to date. Here we show that the hairless vibrissal crypts on the rostrum of the Guiana dolphin ( Sotalia guianensis ), structures originally associated with the mammalian whiskers, serve

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22

Ramírez-Chaves, Héctor E., Stephen W. Wroe, Lynne Selwood, et al. "Mammalian development does not recapitulate suspected key transformations in the evolutionary detachment of the mammalian middle ear." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 283, no. 1822 (2016): 20152606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2015.2606.

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The ectotympanic, malleus and incus of the developing mammalian middle ear (ME) are initially attached to the dentary via Meckel's cartilage, betraying their origins from the primary jaw joint of land vertebrates. This recapitulation has prompted mostly unquantified suggestions that several suspected—but similarly unquantified—key evolutionary transformations leading to the mammalian ME are recapitulated in development, through negative allometry and posterior/medial displacement of ME bones relative to the jaw joint. Here we show, using µCT reconstructions, that neither allometric nor topolog

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23

Deakin, Janine E., Julie Chaumeil, Timothy A. Hore, and Jennifer A. Marshall Graves. "Unravelling the evolutionary origins of X chromosome inactivation in mammals: insights from marsupials and monotremes." Chromosome Research 17, no. 5 (2009): 671–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10577-009-9058-6.

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24

Kullander, Klas, Barbro Carlson, and Finn Hallböök. "Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of the Neurotrophins from Monotremes and Marsupials." Journal of Molecular Evolution 45, no. 3 (1997): 311–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00006235.

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25

Renfree, MB. "Monotreme and marsupial reproduction." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 5 (1995): 1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9951003.

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Marsupials were regarded as curiosities by their early European discoverers, animals to be wondered at. Monotremes were even more surprising; the platypus was such an amalgam of characters that it was thought to be a hoax. They were recognized very early as mammals that could make a major contribution to our understanding of reproductive processes, and work on marsupials at the turn of the century was much in evidence. It is, however, only in the past two decades, and especially in the past few years that marsupial research has regained this position. There is no doubt that future research wil

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Watson, Jaclyn M., James A. Spencer, Jennifer A. Marshall Graves, Malcolm L. Snead, and Eduardo C. Lau. "Autosomal localization of the amelogenin gene in monotremes and marsupials: Implications for mammalian sex chromosome evolution." Genomics 14, no. 3 (1992): 785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0888-7543(05)80187-9.

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27

Mikula, Shawn, Paul R. Manger, and Edward G. Jones. "The thalamus of the monotremes: cyto- and myeloarchitecture and chemical neuroanatomy." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1502 (2007): 2415–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2133.

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Echidna and platypus brains were sectioned and stained by Nissl or myelin stains or immunocytochemically for calcium-binding proteins, gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA) or other antigens. Cyto- and myeloarchitecture revealed thalami that are fundamentally mammalian in organization, with the three principal divisions of the thalamus (epithalamus, dorsal thalamus and ventral thalamus) identifiable as in marsupials and eutherian mammals. The dorsal thalamus exhibits more nuclear parcellation than hitherto described, but lack of an internal medullary lamina, caused by splaying out of afferent fibre t

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Renfree, Marilyn B., Anthony T. Papenfuss, Geoff Shaw, and Andrew J. Pask. "Eggs, embryos and the evolution of imprinting: insights from the platypus genome." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 8 (2009): 935. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd09092.

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Genomic imprinting is widespread in eutherian and marsupial mammals. Although there have been many hypotheses to explain why genomic imprinting evolved in mammals, few have examined how it arose. The host defence hypothesis suggests that imprinting evolved from existing mechanisms within the cell that act to silence foreign DNA elements that insert into the genome. However, the changes to the mammalian genome that accompanied the evolution of imprinting have been hard to define due to the absence of large-scale genomic resources from all extant classes. The recent release of the platypus genom

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Curlewis, J. D., and D. H. L. Kusters. "104. Molecular evolution of the prolactin/GH protein family in monotremes." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 15, no. 9 (2003): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/srb03ab104.

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30

Vernes, Karl. "Handbook of Mammals of the World, Vol. 5: Monotremes and Marsupials." Journal of Mammalogy 97, no. 3 (2016): 1002–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/gyw012.

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31

Wallis, M. C., P. D. Waters, M. L. Delbridge, et al. "Sex determination in platypus and echidna: autosomal location of SOX3 confirms the absence of SRY from monotremes." Chromosome Research 15, no. 8 (2007): 949–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10577-007-1185-3.

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32

Samuels, Mark E., Sophie Regnault, and John R. Hutchinson. "Evolution of the patellar sesamoid bone in mammals." PeerJ 5 (March 21, 2017): e3103. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3103.

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The patella is a sesamoid bone located in the major extensor tendon of the knee joint, in the hindlimb of many tetrapods. Although numerous aspects of knee morphology are ancient and conserved among most tetrapods, the evolutionary occurrence of an ossified patella is highly variable. Among extant (crown clade) groups it is found in most birds, most lizards, the monotreme mammals and almost all placental mammals, but it is absent in most marsupial mammals as well as many reptiles. Here, we integrate data from the literature and first-hand studies of fossil and recent skeletal remains to recons

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Lee, Jiwon, Aaron Wacholder, and Anne-Ruxandra Carvunis. "Evolutionary Characterization of the Short Protein SPAAR." Genes 12, no. 12 (2021): 1864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12121864.

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Microproteins (<100 amino acids) are receiving increasing recognition as important participants in numerous biological processes, but their evolutionary dynamics are poorly understood. SPAAR is a recently discovered microprotein that regulates muscle regeneration and angiogenesis through interactions with conserved signaling pathways. Interestingly, SPAAR does not belong to any known protein family and has known homologs exclusively among placental mammals. This lack of distant homology could be caused by challenges in homology detection of short sequences, or it could indicate a recent de

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Grafodatskaya, Daria, Willem Rens, Mary C. Wallis, et al. "Search for the sex-determining switch in monotremes: Mapping WT1, SF1, LHX1, LHX2, FGF9, WNT4, RSPO1 and GATA4 in platypus." Chromosome Research 15, no. 6 (2007): 777–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10577-007-1161-y.

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Daish, Tasman, and Frank Grützner. "Location, Location, Location! Monotremes Provide Unique Insights into the Evolution of Sex Chromosome Silencing in Mammals." DNA and Cell Biology 28, no. 2 (2009): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/dna.2008.0818.

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Miska, Katarzyna, Gavan Harrison, Lars Hellman, and Robert Miller. "The major histocompatibility complex in monotremes: an analysis of the evolution of Mhc class I genes across all three mammalian subclasses." Immunogenetics 54, no. 6 (2002): 381–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-002-0484-2.

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Belov, Katherine, Mary K. P. Lam, Lars Hellman, and Donald J. Colgan. "Evolution of the major histocompatibility complex: Isolation of class�II ? cDNAs from two monotremes, the platypus and the short-beaked echidna." Immunogenetics 55, no. 6 (2003): 402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00251-003-0598-1.

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38

Perry, Tahlia, Deborah Toledo-Flores, Wan X. Kang, et al. "Non-invasive genetic sexing technique for analysis of short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) populations." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 31, no. 7 (2019): 1289. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd18142.

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Identifying male and female echidnas is challenging due to the lack of external genitalia or any other differing morphological features. This limits studies of wild populations and is a major problem for echidna captive management and breeding. Non-invasive genetic approaches to determine sex minimise the need for handling animals and are used extensively in other mammals. However, currently available approaches cannot be applied to monotremes because their sex chromosomes share no homology with sex chromosomes in other mammals. In this study we used recently identified X and Y chromosome-spec

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Karagyozov, Luchezar, Petar N. Grozdanov, and Frank-D. Böhmer. "The translation attenuating arginine-rich sequence in the extended signal peptide of the protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTPRJ/DEP1 is conserved in mammals." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (2020): e0240498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240498.

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The signal peptides, present at the N-terminus of many proteins, guide the proteins into cell membranes. In some proteins, the signal peptide is with an extended N-terminal region. Previously, it was demonstrated that the N-terminally extended signal peptide of the human PTPRJ contains a cluster of arginine residues, which attenuates translation. The analysis of the mammalian orthologous sequences revealed that this sequence is highly conserved. The PTPRJ transcripts in placentals, marsupials, and monotremes encode a stretch of 10–14 arginine residues, positioned 11–12 codons downstream of the

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Manger, Paul R., Leslie S. Hall, and John D. Pettigrew. "The development of the external features of the platypus ( Ornithorhynchus anatinus )." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 353, no. 1372 (1998): 1115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.1998.0270.

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The present study describes the post–hatching development of the external features of the platypus. Specimens range in age from the day of hatching through to six months old, and provide the first comprehensive view of the developmental sequence of these features. Various features, those specific to the platypus, those specific to monotremes and those shared with marsupials and eutherians, are described. Features specific to the platypus, including the bill and webbing of the forefeet, are seen to develop precociously. Many features show similarities to marsupials, although marsupials show dif

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Adams, Richard H., Heath Blackmon, Jacobo Reyes-Velasco, et al. "Microsatellite landscape evolutionary dynamics across 450 million years of vertebrate genome evolution." Genome 59, no. 5 (2016): 295–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/gen-2015-0124.

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The evolutionary dynamics of simple sequence repeats (SSRs or microsatellites) across the vertebrate tree of life remain largely undocumented and poorly understood. In this study, we analyzed patterns of genomic microsatellite abundance and evolution across 71 vertebrate genomes. The highest abundances of microsatellites exist in the genomes of ray-finned fishes, squamate reptiles, and mammals, while crocodilian, turtle, and avian genomes exhibit reduced microsatellite landscapes. We used comparative methods to infer evolutionary rates of change in microsatellite abundance across vertebrates a

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Acosta, Armando, Mónica L. Martínez-Pacheco, Karina Díaz-Barba, Niccole Porras, Mariana Gutiérrez-Mariscal, and Diego Cortez. "Deciphering Ancestral Sex Chromosome Turnovers Based on Analysis of Male Mutation Bias." Genome Biology and Evolution 11, no. 11 (2019): 3054–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz221.

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Abstract The age of sex chromosomes is commonly obtained by comparing the substitution rates of XY gametologs. Coupled with phylogenetic reconstructions, one can refine the origin of a sex chromosome system relative to specific speciation events. However, these approaches are insufficient to determine the presence and duration of ancestral sex chromosome systems that were lost in some species. In this study, we worked with genomic and transcriptomic data from mammals and squamates and analyzed the effect of male mutation bias on X-linked sequences in these groups. We searched for signatures in

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Daish, Tasman, Aaron Casey, and Frank Grützner. "Platypus chain reaction: directional and ordered meiotic pairing of the multiple sex chromosome chain in Ornithorhynchus anatinus." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 8 (2009): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd09085.

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Monotremes are phylogenetically and phenotypically unique animals with an unusually complex sex chromosome system that is composed of ten chromosomes in platypus and nine in echidna. These chromosomes are alternately linked (X1Y1, X2Y2, …) at meiosis via pseudoautosomal regions and segregate to form spermatozoa containing either X or Y chromosomes. The physical and epigenetic mechanisms involved in pairing and assembly of the complex sex chromosome chain in early meiotic prophase I are completely unknown. We have analysed the pairing dynamics of specific sex chromosome pseudoautosomal regions

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van Rheede, Teun, Trijntje Bastiaans, David N. Boone, S. Blair Hedges, Wilfried W. de Jong, and Ole Madsen. "The Platypus Is in Its Place: Nuclear Genes and Indels Confirm the Sister Group Relation of Monotremes and Therians." Molecular Biology and Evolution 23, no. 3 (2005): 587–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msj064.

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Shaffer, Justin F., and Todd E. Gillis. "Evolution of the regulatory control of vertebrate striated muscle: the roles of troponin I and myosin binding protein-C." Physiological Genomics 42, no. 3 (2010): 406–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00055.2010.

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Troponin I (TnI) and myosin binding protein-C (MyBP-C) are key regulatory proteins of contractile function in vertebrate muscle. TnI modulates the Ca2+ activation signal, while MyBP-C regulates cross-bridge cycling kinetics. In vertebrates, each protein is distributed as tissue-specific paralogs in fast skeletal (fs), slow skeletal (ss), and cardiac (c) muscles. The purpose of this study is to characterize how TnI and MyBP-C have changed during the evolution of vertebrate striated muscle and how tissue-specific paralogs have adapted to different physiological conditions. To accomplish this we

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Breuss, Martin W., Allen Mamerto, Tanya Renner, and Elizabeth R. Waters. "The Evolution of the Mammalian ABCA6-like Genes: Analysis of Phylogenetic, Expression, and Population Genetic Data Reveals Complex Evolutionary Histories." Genome Biology and Evolution 12, no. 11 (2020): 2093–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evaa179.

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Abstract ABC membrane transporters are a large and complex superfamily of ATP-binding cassette transporters that are present in all domains of life. Both their essential function and complexity are reflected by their retention across large expanses of organismal diversity and by the extensive expansion of individual members and subfamilies during evolutionary history. This expansion has resulted in the diverse ABCA transporter family that has in turn evolved into multiple subfamilies. Here, we focus on the ABCA6-like subfamily of ABCA transporters with the goal of understanding their evolution

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Kortschak, R. Daniel, Enkhjargal Tsend-Ayush, and Frank Grützner. "Analysis of SINE and LINE repeat content of Y chromosomes in the platypus, Ornithorhynchus anatinus." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 8 (2009): 964. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd09084.

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Monotremes feature an extraordinary sex-chromosome system that consists of five X and five Y chromosomes in males. These sex chromosomes share homology with bird sex chromosomes but no homology with the therian X. The genome of a female platypus was recently completed, providing unique insights into sequence and gene content of autosomes and X chromosomes, but no Y-specific sequence has so far been analysed. Here we report the isolation, sequencing and analysis of ~700 kb of sequence of the non-recombining regions of Y2, Y3 and Y5, which revealed differences in base composition and repeat cont

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Gerkema, Menno P., Wayne I. L. Davies, Russell G. Foster, Michael Menaker, and Roelof A. Hut. "The nocturnal bottleneck and the evolution of activity patterns in mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1765 (2013): 20130508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2013.0508.

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In 1942, Walls described the concept of a ‘nocturnal bottleneck’ in placental mammals, where these species could survive only by avoiding daytime activity during times in which dinosaurs were the dominant taxon. Walls based this concept of a longer episode of nocturnality in early eutherian mammals by comparing the visual systems of reptiles, birds and all three extant taxa of the mammalian lineage, namely the monotremes, marsupials (now included in the metatherians) and placentals (included in the eutherians). This review describes the status of what has become known as the nocturnal bottlene

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Hautier, Lionel, Fiona J. Stansfield, W. R. Twink Allen, and Robert J. Asher. "Skeletal development in the African elephant and ossification timing in placental mammals." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1736 (2012): 2188–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2011.2481.

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We provide here unique data on elephant skeletal ontogeny. We focus on the sequence of cranial and post-cranial ossification events during growth in the African elephant ( Loxodonta africana ). Previous analyses on ossification sequences in mammals have focused on monotremes, marsupials, boreoeutherian and xenarthran placentals. Here, we add data on ossification sequences in an afrotherian. We use two different methods to quantify sequence heterochrony: the sequence method and event-paring/Parsimov. Compared with other placentals, elephants show late ossifications of the basicranium, manual an

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Krajewski, C. "Marshall Graves, J. A., R. M. Hope, and D. W. Cooper (eds.). MAMMALS FROM POUCHES AND EGGS: GENETICS, BREEDING, AND EVOLUTION OF MARSUPIALS AND MONOTREMES. CSIRO, Australia." Journal of Mammalogy 73, no. 1 (1992): 224–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1381888.

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