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Canto, Juliana Speguen do, and Mercês Sant’Anna Ghazzi. "Monster High e o Modelo de Feminilidade na Atualidade." Psicologia: Ciência e Profissão 36, no. 3 (September 2016): 625–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1982-3703001452014.
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Resumo Este artigo busca demonstrar os resultados de uma pesquisa de campo voltada à investigação do modelo de feminilidade presente nas personagens do desenho Monster High, com base na teoria norteadora da Psicanálise. Como metodologia de investigação, foi realizado um grupo focal com meninas entre oito e nove anos de idade, buscando escutá-las e, a partir da análise dos dados, averiguar a influência dessas personagens no que se refere à constituição da feminilidade das meninas que a elas tem acesso. A análise dos dados possibilitou a reflexão sobre o quanto o padrão cultural, que se inova a cada geração, impulsionado pelo mercado de consumo, reflete no modo de brincar das crianças, originando produtos que se atualizam e respondem às exigências dos novos tempos, no qual o padrão de mulher relacionado à fragilidade e à maternidade perde espaço para a ousadia, inovação e possibilidades de escolha diferenciadas, o que não conduz, necessariamente, a uma perda da feminilidade. As Monster High oferecem várias possibilidades identificatórias às meninas, o que conduziu a uma reflexão sobre a possibilidade que ofertam, tanto de diferenciar-se de um modelo proposto pelos pais, realizando suas próprias escolhas, como de responder a ideais inconscientes, presentes tanto nestes quanto na cultura da atualidade.
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GROSSBERG, RAMI, and SEBASTIEN VASEY. "EQUIVALENT DEFINITIONS OF SUPERSTABILITY IN TAME ABSTRACT ELEMENTARY CLASSES." Journal of Symbolic Logic 82, no. 4 (December 2017): 1387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2017.21.
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AbstractIn the context of abstract elementary classes (AECs) with a monster model, several possible definitions of superstability have appeared in the literature. Among them are no long splitting chains, uniqueness of limit models, and solvability. Under the assumption that the class is tame and stable, we show that (asymptotically) no long splitting chains implies solvability and uniqueness of limit models implies no long splitting chains. Using known implications, we can then conclude that all the previously-mentioned definitions (and more) are equivalent:Corollary.LetKbe a tame AEC with a monster model. Assume thatKis stable in a proper class of cardinals. The following are equivalent:(1)For all high-enough λ,Khas no long splitting chains.(2)For all high-enough λ, there exists a good λ-frame on a skeleton ofKλ.(3)For all high-enough λ,Khas a unique limit model of cardinality λ.(4)For all high-enough λ,Khas a superlimit model of cardinality λ.(5)For all high-enough λ, the union of any increasing chain of λ-saturated models is λ-saturated.(6)There exists μ such that for all high-enough λ,Kis (λ,μ) -solvable.This gives evidence that there is a clear notion of superstability in the framework of tame AECs with a monster model.
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Maselli, A., A. Melandri, L. Nava, C. G. Mundell, N. Kawai, S. Campana, S. Covino, et al. "GRB 130427A: A Nearby Ordinary Monster." Science 343, no. 6166 (November 21, 2013): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1242279.
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Long-duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are an extremely rare outcome of the collapse of massive stars and are typically found in the distant universe. Because of its intrinsic luminosity (L ∼ 3 × 1053 ergs per second) and its relative proximity (z = 0.34), GRB 130427A reached the highest fluence observed in the γ-ray band. Here, we present a comprehensive multiwavelength view of GRB 130427A with Swift, the 2-meter Liverpool and Faulkes telescopes, and by other ground-based facilities, highlighting the evolution of the burst emission from the prompt to the afterglow phase. The properties of GRB 130427A are similar to those of the most luminous, high-redshift GRBs, suggesting that a common central engine is responsible for producing GRBs in both the contemporary and the early universe and over the full range of GRB isotropic energies.
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Flynn, K. J., A. Mitra, H. C. Greenwell, and J. Sui. "Monster potential meets potential monster: pros and cons of deploying genetically modified microalgae for biofuels production." Interface Focus 3, no. 1 (February 6, 2013): 20120037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsfs.2012.0037.
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Biofuels production from microalgae attracts much attention but remains an unproven technology. We explore routes to enhance production through modifications to a range of generic microalgal physiological characteristics. Our analysis shows that biofuels production may be enhanced ca fivefold through genetic modification (GM) of factors affecting growth rate, respiration, photoacclimation, photosynthesis efficiency and the minimum cell quotas for nitrogen and phosphorous (N : C and P : C). However, simulations indicate that the ideal GM microalgae for commercial deployment could, on escape to the environment, become a harmful algal bloom species par excellence, with attendant risks to ecosystems and livelihoods. In large measure, this is because an organism able to produce carbohydrate and/or lipid at high rates, providing stock metabolites for biofuels production, will also be able to attain a stoichiometric composition that will be far from optimal as food for the support of zooplankton growth. This composition could suppress or even halt the grazing activity that would otherwise control the microalgal growth in nature. In consequence, we recommend that the genetic manipulation of microalgae, with inherent consequences on a scale comparable to geoengineering, should be considered under strict international regulation.
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Nokes, Brandon T., Octavio Pajaro, Jenise Stephen, Patrick DeValeria, Robert Scott, Sadia Shah, Eric Steidley, and Jama Jahanyar. "Monster Lung Cavity in a Heart Transplant Recipient." Heart Surgery Forum 21, no. 2 (March 5, 2018): 072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1532/hsf.1922.
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Invasive mucormycosis infections occur in less than 1% of recipients of orthotopic heart transplants. Given the angioinvasive nature of these infections, the mortality rate is high. Little literature exists regarding the presentation and management of these infections. We present a case of a patient who developed an infection after orthotopic heart transplant, describe the successful multidisciplinary management surrounding his care, and review the available literature regarding mucormycosis infections in heart transplant recipients.
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Suzuki, Shoji, and Norio Kurosawa. "Development of the Multiple Gene Knockout System with One-Step PCR in Thermoacidophilic Crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius." Archaea 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/7459310.
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Multiple gene knockout systems developed in the thermoacidophilic crenarchaeon Sulfolobus acidocaldarius are powerful genetic tools. However, plasmid construction typically requires several steps. Alternatively, PCR tailing for high-throughput gene disruption was also developed in S. acidocaldarius, but repeated gene knockout based on PCR tailing has been limited due to lack of a genetic marker system. In this study, we demonstrated efficient homologous recombination frequency (2.8 × 104 ± 6.9 × 103 colonies/μg DNA) by optimizing the transformation conditions. This optimized protocol allowed to develop reliable gene knockout via double crossover using short homologous arms and to establish the multiple gene knockout system with one-step PCR (MONSTER). In the MONSTER, a multiple gene knockout cassette was simply and rapidly constructed by one-step PCR without plasmid construction, and the PCR product can be immediately used for target gene deletion. As an example of the applications of this strategy, we successfully made a DNA photolyase- (phr-) and arginine decarboxylase- (argD-) deficient strain of S. acidocaldarius. In addition, an agmatine selection system consisting of an agmatine-auxotrophic strain and argD marker was also established. The MONSTER provides an alternative strategy that enables the very simple construction of multiple gene knockout cassettes for genetic studies in S. acidocaldarius.
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임상민. "Representation of Ultraman during high growth of Japanese economy - Focusing on Radioactive monster -." Journal of North-east Asian Cultures 1, no. 50 (March 2017): 325–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.17949/jneac.1.50.201703.018.
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WEST, PETER. "PHYSICAL STATES AND STRING SYMMETRIES." Modern Physics Letters A 10, no. 09 (March 21, 1995): 761–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732395000818.
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It is shown that if the momenta belong to an integral lattice, then every physical state of string theory leads to a symmetry of the scattering amplitudes. We discuss the role of this symmetry when the momenta are those provided by the usual D.D.F construction and show that the string compactified on the torus associated with the self-dual Lorentzian lattice, Π25,1 possess the Fake Monster Lie algebra as a symmetry.
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Hammer, F., D. Proust, and O. Le Fevre. "Deep spectroscopy under high spatial resolution of the high-redshift radio source 3CR 368 - The monster elucidated." Astrophysical Journal 374 (June 1991): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/170099.
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Arish, Mohd, and Farha Naz. "Personalized therapy: can it tame the COVID-19 monster?" Personalized Medicine 18, no. 6 (November 2021): 583–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/pme-2021-0077.
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SARS-CoV-2, a recently emerged zoonotic virus, has resulted in unstoppable high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. However, due to a limited knowledge of the dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 infection, it has been observed that the current COVID-19 therapy has led to some clinical repercussions. We discuss the adverse effects of drugs for COVID-19 primarily based on some clinical trials. As therapeutic efficacy and toxicity of therapy may vary due to different, genetic determinants, sex, age and the ethnic background of test subjects, hence biomarker-based personalized therapy could be more appropriate. We will share our thoughts on the current landscape of personalized therapy as a roadmap to fight against SARS-CoV-2 or another emerging pathogen.
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GEBERT, REINHOLD W. "INTRODUCTION TO VERTEX ALGEBRAS, BORCHERDS ALGEBRAS AND THE MONSTER LIE ALGEBRA." International Journal of Modern Physics A 08, no. 31 (December 20, 1993): 5441–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x93002162.
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The theory of vertex algebras constitutes a mathematically rigorous axiomatic formulation of the algebraic origins of conformal field theory In this context Borcherds algebras arise as certain “physical” subspaces of vertex algebras. The aim of this review is to give a pedagogical introduction to this rapidly developing area of mathematics. Based on the machinery of formal calculus, we present the axiomatic definition of vertex algebras. We discuss the connection with conformal field theory by deriving important implications of these axioms. In particular, many explicit calculations are presented to stress the eminent role of the Jacobi identity axiom for vertex algebras. As a class of concrete examples the vertex algebras associated with even lattices are constructed and it is shown in detail how affine Lie algebras and the fake monster Lie algebra naturally appear. This leads us to the abstract definition of Borcherds algebras as generalized Kac-Moody algebras and their basic properties. Finally, the results about the simplest generic Borcherds algebras are analyzed from the point of view of symmetry in quantum theory and the construction of the monster Lie algebra is sketched.
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Raiteri, C. M., J. A. Acosta Pulido, M. Villata, M. I. Carnerero, P. Romano, and S. Vercellone. "Unveiling the monster heart: unbeamed properties of blazar 4C 71.07." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 493, no. 2 (February 17, 2020): 2793–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa453.
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ABSTRACT 4C 71.07 is a high-redshift blazar whose optical radiation is dominated by quasar-like nuclear emission. We here present the results of a spectroscopic monitoring of the source to study its unbeamed properties. We obtained 24 optical spectra at the Nordic Optical Telescope and William Herschel Telescope and 3 near-infrared spectra at the Telescopio Nazionale Galileo. They show no evidence of narrow emission lines. The estimate of the systemic redshift from the Hβ and Hα broad emission lines leads to zsys = 2.2130 ± 0.0004. Notwithstanding the nearly face-on orientation of the accretion disc, the high-ionization emission lines present large broadening as well as noticeable blueshifts, which increase with the ionizing energy of the corresponding species. This is a clear indication of strong ionized outflows. Line broadening and blueshift appear correlated. We applied scaling relationships to estimate the mass of the supermassive black hole from the Balmer and C iv lines, taking into account the prescriptions to correct for outflow. They give $M_{\rm BH} \sim 2 \times 10^9 \, M_\odot$. We derived an Eddington luminosity $L_{\rm Edd} \sim 2.5 \times 10^{47} \rm \, erg \, s^{-1}$ ∼ Ldisc, and a broad-line region (BLR) luminosity of $L_{\rm BLR} \sim 1.5 \times 10^{46} \rm \, erg \, s^{-1}$. The line fluxes do not show significant variability in time. In particular, there is no line reaction to the jet flaring activity detected in 2015 October and November. This implies that the jet gives no contribution to the photoionization of the BLR in the considered period.
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CHAKRABARTI, SAYAN K., KUMAR S. GUPTA, and SIDDHARTHA SEN. "UNIVERSAL NEAR-HORIZON CONFORMAL STRUCTURE AND BLACK HOLE ENTROPY." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 16n17 (July 10, 2008): 2547–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08040482.
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It is shown that a massless scalar probe reveals a universal near-horizon conformal structure for a wide class of black holes, including the BTZ. The central charge of the corresponding Virasoro algebra contains information about the black hole. With a suitable quantization condition on the central charge, the CFT associated with the black hole in our approach is consistent with the recent observation of Witten, where the dual theory for the BTZ in the AdS/CFT framework has been identified with the construction of Frenkel, Lepowsky and Meurman. This CFT admits the Fischer–Griess monster group as its symmetry. The logarithm of the dimension of a specific representation of the monster group has been identified by Witten as the entropy of the BTZ black hole. Our algebraic approach shows that a wide class of black holes share the same near-horizon conformal structure as that for the BTZ. With a suitable quantization condition, the CFT's for all these black holes in our formalism can be identified with the FLM model, although not through the AdS/CFT correspondence. The corresponding entropy for the BTZ provides a lower bound for the entropy of this entire class of black holes.
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Lee, Jung Woo. "The Meaning of Sport: Sociolinguistic Analysis of Sport and Energy Drink Brands’ Advertising Messages." International Journal of Sport Communication 8, no. 2 (June 2015): 174–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2014-0076.
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This article investigates a sign system in promotional campaigns for the 2 sport/energy-drink brands PowerAde and Monster Energy. More specifically, the paper examines advertising materials published on the British Web sites of the 2 drink brands. The media texts are analyzed using semiotics and critical discourse analysis. In so doing, the author attempts to identify the meaning of sport in different contexts and settings and to interpret ideological connotation embedded in the commercial discourse on sport. The PowerAde advertising presents the meaning of sport as controlled and calculated physical activities associated with high-performance sport. This articulation suggests an idealization of productive individuals, and this appears to be the reification of capitalist ideology through sport. Monster Energy advertising tends to endorse alternative sporting subculture emphasizing the aspects of fun and spectacle, but such endorsement is only validated within the boundaries of consumer culture. The author concludes that advertising involves communication practice through which the meaning of sport with some ideological connotations is continually constructed and disseminated to today’s wider society.
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Wohlwend, Karen E. "Monster High as a Virtual Dollhouse: Tracking Play Practices across Converging Transmedia and Social Media." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 119, no. 12 (December 2017): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146811711901205.
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Background Today, children play in transmedia franchises that bring together media characters, toys, and everyday consumer goods with games, apps, and websites in complex mergers of childhood cultures, digital literacies, consumer practices, and corporate agendas. Recent research on youth videogames and virtual worlds suggests the productive possibilities and tensions in children's imaginative engagements on these commercial playgrounds. Purpose Transmedia websites are conceptualized and analyzed as virtual dollhouses, or assemblages of toys, stories, and imagination that converge digital media, popular media, and social media. In this framing, transmedia websites are not texts to be read but contexts to inhabit. Are virtual dollhouses safe places where children can reimagine the worlds they know and play the worlds they imagine? Are girls doing more than playing simple repetitive games, dressing up avatars, caring for pets, and decorating rooms in virtual dollhouses? Research Design Nexus analysis tracks the histories and social functions of traditional doll-houses, then examines the monsterhigh.com website for these functions and converging practices. In nexus analysis, when practices repeat or support one another across imaginaries, shared normative expectations for ideal players and performances are thickened and amplified. Similarly, conflicting practices create ruptures that disrupt expected trajectories and usual ways of doing things. Nexus analysis of website and game designs and children's YouTube videos identifies repetitions of social practices with the dolls in the commercial website and in child-made films on YouTube social media, making visible the resonances across converging cultural imaginaries as well as ruptures that open opportunities for player agency and redesign. Conclusions As children engage the pretense of virtual dollhouses, they play out blended activities that are at once both simulated and real: dressing their avatars, creating imagined profiles, shopping, playing games, purchasing in-app goods, watching and “liking” videos, recruiting followers/friends, and affiliating with the brand and other fans. These lived-in practices align with particular visions of girlhood that circulate naturalized and normalizing expectations for girls that also converge in these concentrations of media. However, examination of the digital dress-up and online doll play that children produce and share on social media shows that players also make use of the complexity that convergence produces. Children remake imaginaries for their own purposes in ways that both reproduce and rupture these expectations. The analysis points up the need for (a) nuanced and expanded research on children's transmedia engagements, (b) productive play and digital literacies, and (c) critical media literacy in schools.
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Bauer, Franz E., Paula Zelaya, Alejandro Clocchiatti, and Justyn Maund. "Spectropolarimetry of Type IIn SN2010jl: Peering Into the Heart of a Monster." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 7, S279 (April 2011): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921312013178.
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AbstractWe report results for two epochs of spectropolarimetry on the luminous type IIn SN2010jl, taken at ≈36 and 85 days post-explosion with VLT FORS2-PMOS. The high signal-to-noise data demonstrate distinct evolution in the continuum and the broad lines point to a complex origin for the various emission components and to a potentially common polarization signal for the type IIn class even over 1-2 orders of magnitude in luminosity output.
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Nomura, Tomohiro, Naoya Arakawa, Toshio Yamamoto, Tadamasa Ueda, Shunsuke Adachi, Jun-ichi Yonemaru, Akira Abe, Hiroki Takagi, Tadashi Yokoyama, and Taiichiro Ookawa. "Next generation long-culm rice with superior lodging resistance and high grain yield, Monster Rice 1." PLOS ONE 14, no. 8 (August 22, 2019): e0221424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0221424.
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Berahmand, Kamal, and Asgarali Bouyer. "LP-LPA: A link influence-based label propagation algorithm for discovering community structures in networks." International Journal of Modern Physics B 32, no. 06 (February 26, 2018): 1850062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979218500625.
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Community detection is an essential approach for analyzing the structural and functional properties of complex networks. Although many community detection algorithms have been recently presented, most of them are weak and limited in different ways. Label Propagation Algorithm (LPA) is a well-known and efficient community detection technique which is characterized by the merits of nearly-linear running time and easy implementation. However, LPA has some significant problems such as instability, randomness, and monster community detection. In this paper, an algorithm, namely node’s label influence policy for label propagation algorithm (LP-LPA) was proposed for detecting efficient community structures. LP-LPA measures link strength value for edges and nodes’ label influence value for nodes in a new label propagation strategy with preference on link strength and for initial nodes selection, avoid of random behavior in tiebreak states, and efficient updating order and rule update. These procedures can sort out the randomness issue in an original LPA and stabilize the discovered communities in all runs of the same network. Experiments on synthetic networks and a wide range of real-world social networks indicated that the proposed method achieves significant accuracy and high stability. Indeed, it can obviously solve monster community problem with regard to detecting communities in networks.
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Aldridge, Meryl. "Contemplating the Monster: UK National Press Treatment of the Frank Beck Affair." Sociological Review 43, no. 4 (November 1995): 658–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1995.tb00713.x.
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In November 1991, at Leicester Crown Court, Frank Beck was sentenced to five life terms and twenty-four years' imprisonment for sexual abuse during his work as a residential social worker. His activities resulted in four official reports. Given the scale of his wrong-doing, surely a torrent of sensational coverage would have been predicted at every stage of these events? Yet neither the trial nor the official reports received high profile press treatment. This relative silence about a major criminal episode with fundamental policy implications graphically illustrates the social construction of news. It is first described, and then analysed in terms of the daily practices, the political preoccupations, and the framing devices that constitute ‘news’ in UK national newspapers.
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Bauer, Henry. "ESSAY REVIEW Disappointing “documentary” about Loch Ness Monsters (“Nessies”) (Can good documentaries be made about such subjects?)." Journal of Scientific Exploration 34, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 108–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31275/20201705.
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“About the show:Professor Neil Gemmell uses cutting-edge environmental DNA science to unravel the mystery of the Loch Ness monster. Neil’s high-tech monster hunt opens a new chapter in the search for Nessie as he puts the leading theories to the ultimate scientific test.” [i]This description misleads in every important respect. The mystery is not unraveled; the leading theory is not even mentioned, and Gemmell’s reason for embarking on this project — namely, to spread awareness of the potential benefits that can accrue from research on environmental DNA (eDNA) — is not well served, because there is no useful explanation of what eDNA science does, what it can and cannot accomplish, and why [ii]. That lack is all the sadder because the results in this case with respect to Nessies are not only incomplete, they are inconclusive and probably even wrong in an important respect.[i] https://www.travelchannel.com/shows/loch-ness-monster-new-evidence[ii] That eDNA work is not easy or infallible is pointed out in a comment on Roland Watson’s informative and reliable blog: “as with any tests that involve biologicals, there are error rates. And eDNA is not immune to these errors. . . . eDNA testing is also affected by seasonal changes — of how creatures operate in their environment, as well as the quality of the effluent at different times of the year, and so on. . . . [F]or eDNA testing to detect creatures properly there would have to be such testing throughout Loch Ness on a quarterly basis over probably at least two years, and probably have close to 350 to 450 sampling points — and doing this at least at five or six different consistent depths. I think that Roland correctly pointed out that nothing was taken way down deep, and there probably should have been. Also, eDNA actually lasts much, much longer in soils than in water. So taking samples off the Loch bottom might be a fruitful endeavor.” Indeed, there are several clues indicating that Nessies spend most of their time down deep, possibly in the two basins known to be deeper than 200 m (Shine & Martin 1988).
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NERGIZ, SERDAR, and CIHAN SACLIOḠLU. "ON-SHELL THREE-STRING AMPLITUDES AND THE STRUCTURE CONSTANTS OF THE MONSTER LIE ALGEBRA." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 13 (July 10, 1990): 2647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90001203.
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We present the explicit commutator algebra of integrated vertex operators for all states of the bosonic string in 26 dimensions. When the momenta belong to the unique even self-dual lattice Π25,1, this is the Monster Lie algebra M∞ of Borcherds, Conway, Queen and Sloane, containing all other rank 26 Lorentzian algebras. In a string theory process 1 + 2 → 3, the on-shell momenta q1, q2 and q3 are necessarily restricted to an even lattice L in R25,1 as a result of the fact that [Formula: see text]; hence Lorentzian algebras such as M∞ may be expected to be of direct relevance to string theory. We formulate and verify up to the fourth mass-level [Formula: see text] the conjecture that the on-shell amplitude A(1 + 2 → 3) and the structure constant f123 of M∞ are identical. We briefly compare the implication that space-time may have an underlying discrete structure corresponding to Π25,1 with similar recent suggestions by Klebanov and Susskind, Polchinski and others.
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Prestley, Robert, Michele K. Olson, Sarah C. Vos, and Jeannette Sutton. "Machines, Monsters, and Coffin Corners: Broadcast Meteorologists’ Use of Figurative and Intense Language during Hurricane Harvey." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101, no. 8 (August 1, 2020): E1329—E1339. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-d-19-0205.1.
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Abstract During impactful weather events, television broadcast meteorologists act as high-profile risk communicators by interpreting complex weather information for viewers. However, the specific language choices broadcast meteorologists make in these situations have rarely been studied. This qualitative study investigates how meteorologists used figurative and emotionally intense language to interpret threats and impacts during Hurricane Harvey in August 2017, using 24 h of live broadcasts from KHOU, a Houston CBS affiliate. The results of this inductive, thematic analysis suggest that KHOU meteorologists framed Harvey as an all-encompassing monster and as a heat-seeking machine. The meteorologists also relied on emotionally intense language to emphasize Harvey’s extreme threat and to express their concern and disbelief about Harvey’s impact. This study indicates the specific and multifaceted ways broadcast meteorologists communicate risk and science during high-impact events and identifies key questions for future research.
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CHARRY-SÁNCHEZ, Jesús David, Alberto VELEZ-VAN-MEERBEKE, and Leonardo PALACIOS-SÁNCHEZ. "Caligula: a neuropsychiatric explanation of his madness." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 79, no. 4 (April 2021): 343–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0004-282x-anp-2020-0358.
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ABSTRACT Gaius Julius Caesar Augustus Germanicus, better known as Caligula, (12 CE to 41 CE) was the third Roman emperor and ruled only four years. Throughout his life he experienced several traumatic events, and, in addition, historians mention some premorbid conditions that could cause him to become the monster that most historians know today. When Caligula was 25 years old, he suffered a near-fatal illness that turned his story around. One possible cause was lead poisoning due to the high consumption of wine, which contained lead, by Roman patricians. On the other hand, it is plausible that Caligula experienced epilepsy that began in childhood, later experienced status epilepticus in 37 CE, which triggered an epileptic psychosis with the consequent psychopathic and paranoid changes that led him to the madness noted by historians.
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Geczy, Adam, and Vicki Karaminas. "‘Daddy’s Lil Monster’: Suicide Squad, third-wave feminism and the pornification and queering of Harley Quinn." Film, Fashion & Consumption 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 171–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/ffc_00005_1.
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Harley Quinn as she is represented in the film Suicide Squad directed by Ayers (2016) marks a dramatic and provocative departure from the manner in which she was originally cast in the DC Comics Batman: The Animated Series (1992) and Mad Love (1994). Depicted as an anti-hero in a dysfunctional relationship with The Joker, she is now transformed into a deviant and defiant super-villain in the film. Gone is her harlequin costume to be replaced with fishnets, blue and red velvet hot pants with red brassiere and high-top Adidas sneakers with heels. Although Quinn has been represented as heterosexual and stereotypically feminine there has always been a queer subtext operating. This article will examine the pornification and queering of Harley Quinn, through dress codes and appearance. It will argue that visual signifiers of femininity challenge notions of gender and sexuality and fold heterosexuality back upon its historical imperatives and conventions.
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Farrar, Victoria Sophia, Taylor Edwards, and Kevin Edward Bonine. "Elusive does not always equal rare: genetic assessment of a protected Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum) population in Saguaro National Park, Arizona." Amphibia-Reptilia 38, no. 1 (2017): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685381-00003079.
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Population genetic baselines for species perceived to be at-risk are crucial for monitoring population trends and making well-informed management decisions. We characterized the genetic status of a population of Gila monsters (Heloderma suspectum), a large venomous lizard native to deserts of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, by sampling 100 individuals in Sonoran Desert upland habitat at Saguaro National Park, Arizona, USA. We used 18 microsatellite markers, along with 1195 bp of sequence data from the mitochondrial DNA 12S locus, to examine genetic diversity, estimate effective population size, and assess demographic history. Despite suburban development adjacent to the study area, we observed high genetic diversity with uninhibited gene flow within this protected population. We estimated effective population size (Ne) for the total sample area (80 km2) using the linkage disequilibrium method in NeEstimator to be 94 individuals (95% confidence interval: 80.7-111.2). In 2011, we used capture-recapture methods to estimate that 80 adult Gila monsters (95% CI = 37-225) inhabited the area along the 14-km transect that we surveyed most frequently; probability of detecting resident Gila monsters during surveys was <0.01, highlighting the challenges of studying the species. Despite being considered an elusive and thus potentially rare species, these data reveal that in this protected environment the population appears healthy and robust. The results provide an important genetic baseline for future studies and monitoring, and exemplify the success of protective population measures in National Parks and under Arizona state laws.
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Haugen, Øyvind R., and Jens Preil. "We can't help feeding the monster: the social handling of uncertainty in an environment of high-risk and fast-paced change." Organisational and Social Dynamics 20, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 79–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33212/osd.v20n1.2020.79.
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In this article the authors present a case study that they conducted in the research and development organisation of a global pharmaceutical company. The aim of the study was to explore the social handling of uncertainty in a business environment characterised by high-risk and fast-paced change. The authors present a new methodological approach in which they combine grounded theory and depth hermeneutic analysis to gain access to the social reality of the organisation. The creation of work role identities and social imaginaries were the two main variables emerging from the data. The authors discuss how certain coping strategies against anxiety and emotional distress affect the design and execution of work processes. Furthermore, they explore to what extent social-scientific research methods can be applied to study the unique observations and interpretations made by the organisation's members, and how this knowledge can inform the development of organisations and management of change processes.
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Stepanova, Olga, and John Coley. "The Green Eyed Monster: Linguistic Influences on Concepts of Envy and Jealousy in Russian and English." Journal of Cognition and Culture 2, no. 4 (2002): 235–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685370260440991.
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AbstractThe present study examined linguistic relativity in the domain of emotion terms. Exp. 1 showed that American English speakers use the word "jealous" to describe both situations involving envy and those involving jealousy, whereas Russian speakers describe emotions involved in the situations using the Russian terms revnuet and zaviduet in a mutually exclusive manner. Bilinguals performed according to the language they were tested in. In Experiment 2 we sought evidence for conceptual consequences of the difference in how emotion terms mapped onto situations for English and Russian speakers. In a non-linguistic triad sorting task, all subjects clearly distinguished jealousy situations from envy situations, but monolingual English speakers and bilinguals were more likely to see envy situations and jealousy situations as similar than Russian speakers. In a free sorting task, high agreement across all groups was shown in sorting jealousy, envy and control situations. However, native Russian speakers, in contrast to native English speakers, labeled the groups in a mutually-exclusive way. While providing some evidence for the weak view of linguistic relativity, overall the study shows that despite the difference in labeling the emotions of jealousy and envy, Russian speakers, English speakers and bilinguals are very similar in how they conceptualize emotionally-laden situations.
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Samad, Farah Deena Abdul, Hatta Sidi, Jaya Kumar, Srijit Das, Marhani Midin, and Nurul Hazwani Hatta. "Subduing the Green-eyed Monster: Bridging the Psychopharmacological and Psychosocial Treatment Perspective in Understanding Pathological Jealousy." Current Drug Targets 20, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 201–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389450118666170704142708.
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Human being is not spared from a broad-ranged emotional state, including being jealous. Jealousy has both affective-cognitive and behavioural-evaluative dimension where the person perceives, or experiences a real threat on a valued relationship. As this complex emotion becomes irrational and not amenable to reason, it later transforms into a dangerously ‘green-eyed monster’. This perilous situation which is viewed as pathological jealousy is a form of delusion, which is maintained by a fixed and false reasoning in an originally entrusted intimate relationship. Pathological jealousy is equally prevailing among both gender, and with a greater ubiquity among the geriatric population. The role of dopamine hyperactivity in the fronto-parietal-temporal region was implicated, with the anatomical mapping of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC), cingulate gyrus (CG), and amygdala involvement in the context of the disease’s neurobiology. The etiology of pathological jealousy includes major psychiatric disorders, i.e. delusional disorder, schizophrenia, mood disorder, organic brain syndrome, and among others, the drug-induced psychosis. The role of relationship issues and psychodynamic perspective, i.e. psychological conflicts with dependence on a romantic partner, and low self-esteem are involved. Pathological jealousy inherits high-risk forensic psychiatry entanglement, which may warrant intensive intervention, including hospital admission and antipsychotic treatment. Treatment options include an early recognition, managing underlying neuropsychiatric disorders, psycho education, cognitive psychotherapy, and choosing an effective psychopharmacological agent. The management strategy may also resort to a geographical intervention, i.e. separation between both persons to complement the biological treatment.
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Sangeetha, N., and J. Vanitha. "A Study on the Impact of Electronic Media in Relation to Social Awareness among High School Students in Coimbatore District." Shanlax International Journal of Education 7, no. 3 (June 2, 2019): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/education.v7i3.421.
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Electronic media has a powerful impact on everyone’s life today, particularly younger generation of students. They are addicted to electronic media especially the ‘monster’, Internet, mainly through mobile phones. They are totally immersed in the mobile phones being unaware of what is happening around them at that particular moment. Recently, we came across students who played deadly online games like ‘The Blue Whale Challenge’ and ‘Momo’ which ended in taking the life of students. This could have been avoided if the students had avoided the use of internet and if their parents were “media literate”. This was the background of this proposal. The students should spend more time on studies so that they can score good marks, improve their knowledge and understand about the society. The students should be aware of what is happening in and around the society they live in. This can be done by reading daily newspapers and most importantly electronic media like Television, Radio and internet connected mobile phones in a purposeful way. The social problems like honor killings, gender inequality, sanitation and cleanliness, pollution etc and their happenings are easily and quickly available to them. The students should use this opportunity and update themselves and analyze the good and bad effects of each. This proposal studies the impact of electronic media in relation to social awareness among high school students in Coimbatore District.
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Poole, Brian. "Lord Lucan: ‘missing’ or ‘on the run’?" English Today 31, no. 2 (May 28, 2015): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266078415000085.
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In November 1974 a murder took place which, both at the time and in retrospect, provided British journalists with material for countless articles. Richard John Bingham, 7th Earl of Lucan (generally referred to as ‘Lord Lucan’) apparently killed his children's nanny with a blunt instrument, attacked his wife, and then fled his Belgravia home. His whereabouts since then, and even (despite the fact that he was declared dead in the High Court in 1999) the question of whether or not he is still alive, continue to be a matter of sporadic discussion in the media and among the general public. As British National Corpus (BNC) evidence shows, Lord Lucan is now sometimes lumped together in the conversation and writings of the British with other creatures and objects whose existence is the stuff of legend rather than of scientific certainty: 1GX9 4072 Forget the Loch Ness Monster and Lord Lucan, the Yeti and the Holy Grail.
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Rilloraza, Zoe Andrea, Juan Carlos Abad, Khyle Angeline Cabilan, Lorry John Cervantes, Ruflyle Fontanilla, Diane Grace Gapuz, Kryzel Macato, Roland Opeña, Cherelle Nica Pulido, and Fernando Oringo. "The Image of Modern Filipino Pirates: Dimensions And Implications of Media Piracy." Proceedings Journal of Interdisciplinary Research 1 (November 22, 2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21016/irrc.2014.14ntt001.
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Media piracy is slowly increasing its popularity, on the Internet, in the market, schools and the community. Day by day, millions of information is either being downloaded or uploaded to or from the Internet and making media piracy a lot more popular than it is already. Enjoying the comfort of their beds and by just clicking, pirates have already earned thousands in just a minute, which attracts people to join the pack. There is no doubt that media piracy could take over the world because in just over three decades it became a global matter. It became a monster of society. This study is all about The Image of Modern Filipino Pirates: Dimensions and Implications on Media Piracy. This study was conducted in Lorma Colleges Special Science High School and its respondents were 3rd year and 4th-year students and the Faculty of LCSSHS. This study focused on the following theories such as Rational Choice Theory, Social Learning Theory and Self-Control Theory.
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Mutongi, Kenda. "Thugs or Entrepreneurs? Perceptions of Matatu Operators in Nairobi, 1970 to the Present." Africa 76, no. 4 (November 2006): 549–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/afr.2006.0072.
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AbstractThis essay examines the changing perceptions of matatu crews from the 1970s to the present. In the early 1970s commuters and many Kenyans typically viewed the matatu operators as an important, enterprising group of people, contributing to the economic development of the new nation of Kenya. This perception changed drastically in the 1980s when commuters, and indeed many Kenyans of all ranks, increasingly saw the matatu operators as thugs engaging in excessive behaviour – using misogynistic language, rudely handling passengers, playing loud music and driving at dangerously high speeds. Worse, the matatu operators were forced to join cartels that fought against reform and enabled this kind of behaviour. Nevertheless, I argue that, in many ways, the commuters have been complicit in creating the notorious matatu man – a creature they purport to hate, and then have conveniently used as a scapegoat whenever they see fit. In other words, the commuters have created the monster and then attacked it in order to exorcise their collective guilt.
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Hanly, Andrew J., Mercè Jordà, George W. Elgart, Evangelos Badiavas, Mehdi Nassiri, and Mehrdad Nadji. "High Proliferative Activity Excludes Dermatofibroma: Report of the Utility of MIB-1 in the Differential Diagnosis of Selected Fibrohistiocytic Tumors." Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 130, no. 6 (June 1, 2006): 831–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2006-130-831-hpaedr.
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Abstract Context.—Dermatofibroma is a benign fibrohistiocytic tumor composed of a mixture of fibroblastic and histiocytic cells. The diagnosis of this tumor is generally uncomplicated; however, rare variants may be difficult to distinguish from malignant fibrohistiocytic tumors. Deep penetrating dermatofibroma may be difficult to distinguish from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, and pseudosarcomatous dermatofibroma and dermatofibroma with monster giant cells share morphologic similarities with malignant fibrous histiocytoma and atypical fibroxanthoma. Objective.—To find an immunohistochemical marker or markers that differentiate between fibrohistiocytic lesions of skin. Design.—We evaluated the immunophenotypic characteristics of 83 fibrohistiocytic tumors (36 typical dermatofibromas, 16 cases of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, 16 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, and 15 atypical fibroxanthomas) using antibodies against MIB-1 (Ki-67), factor XIIIa, CD34 (HPCA-1), HHF35 (muscle-specific actin), 1A4 (smooth muscle actin), cytokeratin (AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, and 34βE12), S100 protein, and desmin. Results.—A high proliferative index detected by MIB-1 staining excluded the possibility of dermatofibroma and was diagnostically useful in separating this entity from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, and atypical fibroxanthoma. A low proliferative index, however, could not differentiate dermatofibroma from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Factor XIIIa reactivity was not helpful for the diagnosis of dermatofibroma, whereas CD34 reactivity was statistically significant in the diagnosis of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. The sensitivity of these 2 markers is low and therefore of questionable practical diagnostic value. Conclusion.—Evaluation of the proliferative index may further assist in distinguishing dermatofibroma from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, atypical fibroxanthoma, and malignant fibrous histiocytoma.
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Friedman, Sy-David, Tapani Hyttinen, and Agatha C. Walczak-Typke. "Potential isomorphism of elementary substructures of a strictly stable homogeneous model." Journal of Symbolic Logic 76, no. 3 (September 2011): 987–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.2178/jsl/1309952530.
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AbstractThe results herein form part of a larger project to characterize the classification properties of the class of submodels of a homogeneous stable diagram in terms of the solvability (in the sense of [1]) of the potential isomorphism problem for this class of submodels.We restrict ourselves to locally saturated submodels of the monster model , of some power π. We assume that in Gödel's constructive universe , π is a regular cardinal at least the successor of the first cardinal in which , is stable.We show that the collection of pairs of submodels in as above which are potentially isomorphic with respect to certain cardinal-preserving extensions of is equiconstructible with 0#. As 0# is highly “transcendental” over , this provides a very strong statement to the effect that potential isomorphism for this class of models not only fails to be set-theoretically absolute, but is of high (indeed of the highest possible) complexity.The proof uses a novel method that does away with the need for a linear order on the skeleton.
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Jordá, C. Pastor, A. Gu, A. Kelly, D. Mckessy, and S. Shear. "Who would like a monster like me to be alive? Obsessive compulsive disorder or pedophilia in a patient with high functioning autism spectrum disorder." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S233. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.624.
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IntroductionCase of a 17yo patient with high functioning ASD and OCD with obsessions about being a pedophile, with suicidal ideation and self-harming behaviors. He was followed in outpatient care for one year since his first contact with Mental Health, following an inpatient admission for suicidal ideation.ObjectivesDifferential diagnosis between OCD, ASD and possible pedophilia. Learn about different levels of care involved, and other possibilities. Therapy resources used.MethodsDescription of the case report: description of initial and final Mental Status Exam Differential Diagnosis: ASD vs OCD vs Pedophilia vs Depressive Disorder Children’s Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale Therapy: family based therapy, and Exposure response prevention therapy.ResultsIntrusive images, and reassurance seeking, helped with OCD diagnosis. ASD made symptoms harder to manage with SSRIs alone, which drove to add Aripiprazol at low doses in outpatient care. CY-BOCS showed obsessions other than doubts about being a pedophile. He participated in Exposure response prevention therapy with response, especially when antipsychotic medication was added. Family based therapy worked with his parents in not providing excessive reassurance, and with the patient in gaining insight about his OCD. Decreased anxiety, decreased self-deprecation and no new suicidal thoughts Functionality of the patient in the community improved, with possibility of going college next year.Conclusions Recommendation of good assessment of sexuality in ASD population Importance of individual and family therapy for OCD and specially when there is poor judgement and insight in the patient. Importance of combined treatment: pharmacology + therapyConflict of interestAlicia Koplowitz Foundation
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Bugaj, Małgorzata. "“We understand each other, my friend”. The freak show and Victorian medicine in "The Elephant Man"." Panoptikum, no. 21 (December 18, 2019): 81–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.26881/pan.2019.21.05.
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A large part of David Lynch’s oeuvre centres around corporeal anxieties and grotesque, divergent bodies drawing attention to their own biological nature. One such example is the 1980 feature "The Elephant Man", focusing on John Merrick, a freak show performer severely afflicted with a disfiguring disease. The film juxtaposes key characters in the film and moves between their different perspectives: that of Merrick, a freak show performer; Doctor Treves, a man of science; Bytes, an entertainer; and finally, a number of peripheral observers from both the high and low classes of Victorian society. The titular Elephant Man’s disfigured body becomes the object of spectacle both in a freak show and in a medical lecture theatre. This paper compares scenes presenting Merrick’s body as an exhibit and argues that Lynch draws parallels between the domain of sensational entertainment (Merrick as a carnival monster) and scientific analysis (Merrick as a medical specimen). In this way, the film highlights the similarities between the perception of the body in those two seemingly incongruous discourses. I suggest that the exhibition of a monstrous body in The Elephant Man, both in the context of a sideshow and Victorian medical lecture, are consciously theatrical.
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Zhou, Z. C., J. D. Gardner, and R. T. Jensen. "Interaction of peptides related to VIP and secretin with guinea pig pancreatic acini." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 256, no. 2 (February 1, 1989): G283—G290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.1989.256.2.g283.
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The abilities of human and rat growth hormone-releasing factors (hGHRF, rGHRF), peptide histidine isoleucine or methionine (PHI, PHM) and the Gila monster venom peptides (helospectin I, helospectin II, and helodermin) to interact with guinea pig pancreatic acini were characterized and compared with vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and secretin. Each peptide caused a sevenfold stimulation of amylase release, and the relative potencies were: VIP greater than helospectin I = helospectin II = helodermin = rGHRF greater than PHI = PHM greater than hGHRF greater than secretin. Each peptide inhibited 125I-labeled VIP binding, and the relative potencies agreed closely with those for stimulating enzyme secretion. Each peptide inhibited 125I-labeled secretin binding with the potencies: secretin greater than helospectin I = helospectin II = helodermin greater than rGHRF = PHI = VIP greater than PHM greater than hGHRF. Each peptide caused a 78-fold increase in adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate cAMP. VIP or rGHRF and PHI or PHM demonstrated high and low selectivity, respectively, for VIP receptors, secretin high selectivity for the secretin receptor, and helospectin I or II and helodermin a relatively high affinity for both VIP and secretin receptors. Correlation of the ability of each peptide to increase cAMP or amylase release and inhibit binding of 125I-VIP or 125I-secretin suggested all the actions of these peptides could be explained by the occupation of VIP or secretin receptors. To investigate this further, 125I-labeled helodermin was prepared, and binding was saturable, specific, and could be accounted for by the binding to VIP or secretin receptors.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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RAGAB, AHMED. "MONSTERS AND PATIENTS: AN ARCHAEOLOGY OF MEDICINE, ISLAM, AND MODERNITY." History and Theory 55, no. 4 (December 2016): 112–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hith.10832.
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Cope, R. L. "Written in Characters of Blood? The Reign of King Cetshwayo Ka Mpande 1872–9." Journal of African History 36, no. 2 (July 1995): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853700034137.
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Sir Bartle Frere, the British High Commissioner in South Africa 1877–80, depicted Cetshwayo ka Mpande, the Zulu king 1872–9, as a bloodthirsty monster. This article discusses the accuracy and justice of this depiction, and the nature of Zulu kingship. It shows that both Frere and the missionaries on whom he relied for evidence wished to bring the Zulu kingdom under British rule and thus had a strong motive for discrediting Cetshwayo. The fact that missionary testimony against Cetshwayo was particularly hostile and abundant at times when there seemed a real possibility of British annexation casts particular doubt on the value of this testimony. Missionaries misinterpreted and exaggerated much of the evidence, which, more dispassionately examined, appears to show that, while executions were common in the Zulu kingdom, Frere's account of the nature of Cetshwayo's reign was grossly overdrawn. The territorial chiefs of the country were responsible for many of the executions, and there is evidence that Cetshwayo attempted to ameliorate conditions. Nevertheless the tendency to attribute to him the methods of nineteenth-century British constitutionalism is unhistorical and culture-bound. Cetshwayo was a Zulu king in the tradition of his uncle Shaka, and ruled by fear and arbitrariness as well as by the law.
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Sagalaev, Konstantin A. "Non-fairy prose of the Yugan Khanty in field materials of the Institute of Philology SB RAS." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 4 (2021): 24–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/77/2.
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The paper deals with the existence of non-fairy prose genres, such as mythological stories, cosmogonic and etiological myths, shamanic legends, in the folklore of the modern Yugan Khanty. The Yugan Khanty have largely preserved their traditional culture and, in particular, folklore. The research materials are the texts recorded by the author during the expeditions to the Maly and Bolshoy Yugan rivers in 2013 and 2019. Five texts were studied representing the current state of the folklore genres under study in this local ethnic group of Khanty. These are mythological stories about dreams, their possible interpretations and ritual practices associated with them, about fighting forest fires with the help of “home fire,” shamanic legends about shaman’s help with illness or other problems, the legend about a monster living in a lake. These previously unpublished texts are introduced into scientific circulation, with their textual and typological analysis carried out and parallels with already published folklore texts and scientific literature on this topic drawn. The paper presents the motives of the recorded cosmogonic and etiological myths about the waterfowl that provided the land for people and the origin of a bear. The definition of what is meant by non-fairy prose is given. A conclusion is made about the relatively high degree of preservation of these genres in Yugan, and the possibility for them to be further collected, studied, and published is discussed.
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Yahaya, T. O., B. H. Gulumbe, A. K. Umar, A. Yusuf, A. Z. Mohammed, A. Izuafa, and A. Abubakar. "HEAVY METAL CONTENT AND ASSOCIATED HEALTH RISKS IN SELECTED ENERGY DRINKS SOLD IN BIRNIN KEBBI, NIGERIA." African Journal of Health, Safety and Environment 3, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 26–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ajhse.v3i1.197.
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Energy drinks are sold worldwide because they boost physical and mental performance. However, studies show that some of them contain high levels of heavy metals, prompting a safety evaluation of all brands of energy drinks. This study evaluated the safety of three brands of energy drinks (Fearless, Monster, and Power Horse) sold in Birnin Kebbi, Nigeria, with regard to heavy metal concentrations. The heavy metals evaluated are iron (Fe), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), zinc (Zn), and lead (Pb). Samples of the energy drinks were subjected to atomic absorption spectroscopy, and the results were compared with the World Health Organization standards for drinks. The average daily intake (ADI), hazard quotient (HQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) of the heavy metals were also calculated. The levels of Fe, Cu, and Cd were above the permissible limits in all the energy drinks, while zinc (Zn) and lead (Pb) were below the permissible limits. The ADI of the heavy metals in the three energy drinks was within the recommended limits. However, the HQ and CR of Cd in all the energy drinks and Pb in Power Horse were beyond the recommended limits (HQ > 1 and CR > 10-6). This suggests that the three energy drinks sold and consumed in Birnin Kebbi may pose health hazards. There is a need to sensitize consumers in the city about the occurrence and risk of heavy metals in energy drinks.
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Potgieter-Vermaak, Sanja, Marianne Stranger, Leen Verlinden, Edward Roekens, and Rene Van Grieken. "Ambient NO2 concentration profiles in Flanders using passive sampling." Suid-Afrikaanse Tydskrif vir Natuurwetenskap en Tegnologie 27, no. 4 (September 20, 2008): 266–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/satnt.v27i4.95.
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In most parts of Europe NO2 emissions from excessive road traffic, concentrated by confined spaces and limited dispersion, are often higher than the ambient guideline values. As a pollutant,NO2 has a number of adverse effects on human health and the environment. The European Union sets guideline and threshold values for various pollutants, to protect humans and the environment, of which NO2 is one. Flanders adopted these values as most countries did, and the monitoring and evaluation of the levels against these guideline values are mostly done by VMM (the Flemish Environmental Company). The air quality Framework Directive (96/62/EG) was drafted on the27th of September 1996 and instituted on the 21st of November 1996. New guideline values forNO2 will come into effect in 2010 (1999/30/EG). The future hourly guideline value is 200 µg m-3which may not be exceeded more than 18 times in a calendar year. The average annual guideline value must not exceed 40 µg m-3.Currently various pollutants are continuously monitored by means of fixed monster monitors and analysers, where after data is extrapolated to give an overview of the dispersion. In the 2003annual report the future guideline value has been exceeded in 7 locations in Flanders. Moreover, in a separate study it was reported that in various locations with high traffic density and low dispersion, this value was exceeded, even though the dispersion model did not indicate it. Hence, to test these and other locations against the future guideline value a total of 19points, in 6 different cities and towns in Flanders, were chosen to monitor the NO2 profile over a1 year period. Passive sampling, averaged over periods of 2 weeks, was used and comparisons with the fixed monitors in some of these locations were possible. The future annual guideline value of 40 µg m-3 (2010) was exceeded in 11 of the 19 measured locations. When high traffic density was accompanied by low dispersion the value was at its highest and the results confirmed the relationship between high traffic density and high NO2concentrations. A good correlation between duplicate measurements and those compared to the fixed monitors ensured accurate and precise results. Ozone-rich periods were noted for the highNO2 values as expected, while seasonal effects were also noted. Backward trajectories indicated the significance of air masses originating from heavily polluted areas.
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Holst, Jens Juul. "Pharmacology of GLP-1-based therapies." British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 8, no. 2_suppl (November 2008): S10—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1474651408100523.
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 GLP-1 is a naturally occurring 30-amino acid peptide synthesised in intestinal endocrine L cells. GLP-1 mediates glucose homeostasis through stimulation of glucose-dependent insulin secretion, biosynthesis of insulin and inhibition of glucagon secretion. These effects have potential clinical value in type 2 diabetes. However, because native GLP-1 is rapidly degraded to its inactive form by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), it has a short half-life in vivo . Strategies to overcome this therapeutic limitation include developing GLP-1 mimetics and analogues with longer half-lives and to inhibit DPP-4. Exenatide (exendin-4) is a 39-amino acid peptide originally derived from the venom of the Gila monster lizard, and shares a 53% sequence identity with human GLP-1. Exenatide has a longer circulating half-life, reflecting relative resistance to DPP-4 degradation, and is administered twice daily. Liraglutide is a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue with high (97%) sequence identity. The specific structural modifications that characterise liraglutide result in increased self-association (allowing slow absorption from the subcutaneous depot), promote albumin binding and reduce susceptibility to DPP-4, giving liraglutide a half-life of 13 hours after once-daily administration. Preliminary studies of exenatide and liraglutide show clinically relevant reductions in glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) compared with placebo, without hypoglycaemia and with weight loss of up to 3 kg. DPP-4 inhibitors, such as vildagliptin (not available in the USA) and sitagliptin can help stabilise postprandial GLP-1 levels and thus produce desirable effects on insulin and glucagon production. The potential for weight reduction with DPP-4 inhibitors appears limited, perhaps reflecting the limited increase in GLP-1 levels achieved with these agents.Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis, 2008;8 (Suppl 2) : S10—S18
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HSU, STEPHEN D. H., and DAVID REEB. "MONSTERS, BLACK HOLES AND THE STATISTICAL MECHANICS OF GRAVITY." Modern Physics Letters A 24, no. 24 (August 10, 2009): 1875–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732309031624.
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We review the construction of monsters in classical general relativity. Monsters have finite ADM mass and surface area, but potentially unbounded entropy. From the curved space perspective, they are objects with large proper volume that can be glued on to an asymptotically flat space. At no point is the curvature or energy density required to be large in Planck units, and quantum gravitational effects are, in the conventional effective field theory framework, small everywhere. Since they can have more entropy than a black hole of equal mass, monsters are problematic for certain interpretations of black hole entropy and the AdS/CFT duality. In the second part of the paper we review recent developments in the foundations of statistical mechanics which make use of properties of high-dimensional (Hilbert) spaces. These results primarily depend on kinematics — essentially, the geometry of Hilbert space — and are relatively insensitive to dynamics. We discuss how this approach might be adopted as a basis for the statistical mechanics of gravity. Interestingly, monsters and other highly entropic configurations play an important role.
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Leeds, Adam E. "Administrative Monsters." History of Political Economy 51, S1 (December 1, 2019): 127–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182702-7903264.
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Yurii Yaremenko was one of the late great theorists of the Soviet planning system. His theory, as presented first in censored and self-censored form in his major monograph, Structural Changes in the Socialist Economy (1981), describes the planned economy as composed of groups of technologically differentiated industries, ordered by their priority for receiving scarce high-quality goods. The forced development of the economy is its qualitative differentiation, which over time creates inherent structural imperatives for large-scale reorderings of that priority hierarchy, lest the phenomena of structural transformation become pathological. This account is supplemented by post-Soviet published interviews and by the author’s own interviews with Yaremenko’s associates. They reveal what Yaremenko’s theory left unsaid: that the disintegration of the late Soviet state into a multitude of competing, self-reproducing “administrative monsters,” the most powerful being the military industries distorted industrial structure, degraded civilian life, and ultimately made reform impossible.
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Markon, Andre, Jorge E. Chavarro, Ming Ding, and Beverly Wolpert. "Demographic and Behavioral Correlates of Energy Drink Consumption." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa061_077.
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Abstract Objectives This study assessed energy drink consumption and high-risk behaviors, including alcohol and drug use, cross-sectionally among participants in three cohort studies—the Nurses’ Health Study 3 (NHS 3), the Growing Up Today Study (GUTS) and GUTS2. Methods Questionnaires, including validated food-frequency questionnaires (FFQs), collected participant demographics, risky behavior, and energy drink consumption data. [The specific question used for energy drink intake read as follows: “Do you drink energy drinks, e.g., Red Bull, Rock Star, Monster (8 oz. can)?” for NHS3, 2010–2019; GUTS, 2011; and GUTS2, 2011.] Following descriptive analysis, multivariable-adjusted logistic regression estimated associations between energy drink consumption and odds of risky behaviors, including pooled odds-ratios (pORs) across all cohorts. Results Of the 46,390 participants this study assessed, ∼13% reported energy drink consumption at least monthly. Risky behaviors associated with energy drink consumption included smoking [pOR: 1.88 (95% CI 1.55–2.29)], having higher body mass index [pORs: 1.31 (95% CI 1.11–1.53) for overweight (25–30 kg/m2) and 1.67 (95% CI 1.34–2.08) for obesity (≥30 kg/m2) compared to <25 kg/m2, respectively], insufficient sleep [pOR: 1.29 (95% CI 1.11–1.50) for <7 hours compared to 7–9 hours], tanning bed use [pOR: 2.31 (95% CI 1.96–2.72)], binge drinking [pOR: 2.53 (95% CI 2.09–3.07)], marijuana use [pOR: 1.49 (95% CI 1.28–1.73)], and use of any illegal drugs (other than marijuana) [pOR: 1.45 (95% CI 1.16–1.81)]. Demographic factors associated with consumption of energy drinks included higher education, which was associated with lower odds of energy drink consumption [pORs: 0.71 (95% CI 0.56–0.91) for bachelor's degree and 0.55 (95% CI 0.40–0.74) for master's degree, compared to no bachelor's degree, respectively], and race/ethnicity [pOR: 4.43 (95% CI: 2.41–8.15) comparing African Americans to non-Hispanic white]. Conclusions Both within and across the cohorts, risky behaviors were associated with higher odds of energy drink consumption. Funding Sources This study was funded via FDA contracts and NIH grants.
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Norris, R. P. "Are ELFs Little Monsters?" Symposium - International Astronomical Union 134 (1989): 379–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900141385.
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High resolution radio observations of Seyferts, starbursts, and ELFs are presented which suggest that (i) starburst galaxies do not generally possess a Seyfert-like core, (ii) some ELFs do have a Seyfert core, but only those with a Seyfert-like spectrum, (iii) other ELFs are more likely to be powered by starburst activity. Double compact sources are present in several ELFs, suggesting that we might be seeing the nuclei of two merging galaxies, and that the ELFs are conceived by the coupling of two monsters.
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Francis, Fiona T., Brett R. Howard, Adrienne E. Berchtold, Trevor A. Branch, Laís C. T. Chaves, Jillian C. Dunic, Brett Favaro, et al. "Shifting headlines? Size trends of newsworthy fishes." PeerJ 7 (February 15, 2019): e6395. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6395.
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The shifting baseline syndrome describes a gradual lowering of human cognitive baselines, as each generation accepts a lower standard of resource abundance or size as the new norm. There is strong empirical evidence of declining trends of abundance and body sizes of marine fish species reported from docks and markets. We asked whether these widespread trends in shrinking marine fish are detectable in popular English-language media, or whether news writers, like many marine stakeholders, are captive to shifting baselines. We collected 266 English-language news articles, printed between 1869 and 2015, which featured headlines that used a superlative adjective, such as ‘giant’, ‘huge’, or ‘monster’, to describe an individual fish caught. We combined the reported sizes of the captured fish with information on maximum species-specific recorded sizes to reconstruct trends of relative size (reported size divided by maximum size) of newsworthy fishes over time. We found some evidence of a shifting baseline syndrome in news media over the last 140 years: overall, the relative length of the largest fish worthy of a headline has declined over time. This pattern held for charismatic fish species (e.g. basking sharks, whale sharks, giant mantas), which are now reported in the media at smaller relative lengths than they were near the turn of the 20th century, and for the largest species under high risk of extinction. In contrast, there was no similar trend for pelagic gamefish and oceanic sharks, or for species under lower risk of extinction. While landing any individual of the large-bodied ‘megafish’ may be newsworthy in part because of their large size relative to other fish species, the ‘megafish’ covered in our dataset were small relative to their own species—on average only 56% of the species-specific maximum length. The continued use in the English-language media of superlatives to describe fish that are now a fraction of the maximum size they could reach, or a fraction of the size they used to be, does reflect a shifting baseline for some species. Given that media outlets are a powerful tool for shaping public perception and awareness of environmental issues, there is a real concern that such stories might be interpreted as meaning that superlatively large fish still abound.
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Rossi, Paola Maria. "Áhir budhníyaḥ and bhūmidundubhiḥ: The serpent of the deep and the earth-drum. A hypothesis of etymological and/or cultural connections." Lingua Posnaniensis 61, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/linpo-2019-0017.
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Abstract This article highlights how the process of semantic extension applied to the OIA onomatopoeic noun dundubhí, usually meant as “drum”, is the token of significant cultural changes: especially within ritual performances, such as the mahāvrata rite, gradually canonised in the Brahmanical ritualism, it turns out to be a device to promote a new model of sovereignty, related to the establishment of the so-called Kuru-Pañcāla realm. Such a cultural transformation, carried out in the Middle and Late Vedic period in northern India, entailed that ancient Indo-European tribal cultural traits were intermingled with cultural substrate/adstrate elements: the term dundubhí is “etymologically” connected to the Proto-Muṇ ḍa *ḍub-/*dum- “to be swollen, roundish”, the PAA *duby-/*dub- “tail, buttock, animal limbs”, and Middle Iranian isoglosses meaning “tail, extremities, fat-tailed animals”. Moreover, as bhūmidundubhi “earth-drum” beaten on the border of the ritual area in the mahāvrata rite, representing earthly sonority and the “mighty bellowing” of cattle, it is associated with the IIr myth of valá/vará, the “enclosure”, in which the treasure/cattle “endowed with rock as foundation” (ádri-budhna, ṚV 10.108.7ab), is hidden. The related lexicon and imagery recall mythical archetypes, such as the Serpent of the Bottom (OIA áhir budhníyaḥ, Gr Pythô ophis) or primordial Monster of the Deep (Gr Typhôn/Typhôeus), and BMAC interferences are also embedded. However, although linguistic evidence confirms the etymological relationship between the OIA budh-ná and the Greek pythmên, the case of the Greek Typhôn/Typhôeus seems more uncertain: the IE reconstruction *dhubh-/*dhub “depths” is considered a secondary outcome, and cannot be convincingly applied to the term dundubhí, because of its onomatopoeic nature. Nonetheless, as an outcome of linguistic and cultural interferences, “Sanskritised” within the ritualism, which supported the paradigm of the Kuru-Pañcāla sovereignty, the term dundubhí conveys the double “redundant” value of deep/high sonority and swollen/roundish abundant prosperity, to which the figure of Bṛhaspati is correspondent: in ṚV 10.64.4 he is defined as the kaví tuvīrávān “poet endowed with powerful bellowing”, which announces prosperity, spreading it loftily, throughout the cosmos.
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Stevenson, Deborah. "Thelonius Monster's Sky-High Fly Pie (review)." Bulletin of the Center for Children's Books 59, no. 11 (2006): 517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/bcc.2006.0527.
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