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Journal articles on the topic 'Montanism. Montanisme'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Tinambunan, Edison R. L. "PROPHETESSES MAXIMILLA AND PRISCILLA WOMEN’S HERESIES IN THE PATRISTIC PERIOD." Studia Philosophica et Theologica 18, no. 1 (December 7, 2019): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.35312/spet.v18i1.20.

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On his journey, the Church faces many heresies which try to deviate the orthodoxy teaching. One of these heresies was founded by Montanus and his teaching is known as Montanism. Montanus together with Maximilla and Priscilla claimed that they were filled by Holy Spirit and called themselves as a prophet and prophetesses who had to be followed and heard. The main teaching of this heresy is the promise of the second coming of Jesus Christ, and the promise of the end of the world. This theme is always interested by many people. The reason people attracted to the teaching of this heresy is the establishment of the coming of Jesus Christ which was promised by himself. Many of their followers became disappointed, because though the promised date had passed, Jesus Christ did not come yet. The other teaching of Montanism is about prophecy of the future which actually blinded the followers. If the prophecy failed to happen, it was because of the fault of the followers who lived less ascetic life and did many sins. The Prophets of Montanism had enthusiasm given by the Holy Spirit. It made them have to be obeyed and heard. They even claimed that the absolute truth was on their hand. Therefore, the hierarchy of the Church had to submit themselves to their teaching. Maximilla and Priscilla are two false prophetesses who had great influence in the Montanism period. In this heresy time, the Church had to work hard to fight Montanism teaching and prophecy, especially to defend its orthodoxy teaching of the Church from the false prophetesses. Sepanjang perjalanan, Gereja menghadapi banyak eresi yang berusaha mendefiasikan ajaran resmi. Salah satu di antara eresi yang banyak itu dikembangkan oleh Montanus yang alirannya dikenal dengan Montanisme. Ia bersama dengan Maximilla dan Priscilla mengaku kepenuhan Roh Kudus dan menyebut diri mereka sebagai Nabi yang harus diikuti dan didengarkan. Ajaran pokok mereka adalah menjanjikan kedatangan Kristus yang mau tidak mau juga menjanjikan akhir dunia yang biasanya diminati oleh banyak orang. Salah satu alasan ketertarikan orang lebih akan ajaran eresi ini adalah penetapan kedatangan Kristus yang dijanjika-Nya, walau akhirnya banyak orang menjadi kecewa, karena waktu yang ditetapkan tidak kunjung datang. Ajaran mereka lainnya adalah ramalan masa yang akan datang yang berusaha mengelabui pengikutnya. Jika ramalan tidak terpenuhi atau tidak kunjung datang, maka kesalahan berdada di tangan para pemohon karena kurang askese dan disposisi diri tidak baik. Para nabi ini memiliki sikap antusiasme berlebihan yang menekankan peran Roh Kudus yang mereka terima. Dengan alasan ini, mereka harus ditaati dan didengarkan. Bahkan kebenaran absolut berada di tangan mereka, bahkan pemimpin Gereja sendiri harus tunduk pada pengajaran mereka ini. Maximilla dan Priscilla adalah dua nabi perempuan yang sesat. Mereka sangat berpengarauh pada periode Montanisme. Gereja harus berjuang keras pada periode mereka untuk meluruskan ajaran dan ramalan Montanisme, terlebih membela ortodox Gereja dari nabi perempuan yang palsu tersebut.
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2

Tibbs, Eugene C. "“Do Not Believe Every Spirit”: Discerning the Ethics of Prophetic Agency in Early Christian Culture." Harvard Theological Review 114, no. 1 (January 2021): 27–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816021000043.

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AbstractIn early Christian culture, prophets went into ecstasies while having visions and speaking by means of a spirit (enthusiasm). With the waning of prophetic activity in the second century, enthusiasm was not seen in many communal gatherings. When enthusiasm reemerged in Montanism during the late second century, church leaders claimed that speaking in ecstasy never existed as true prophecy in early Christian culture. They argued that true prophets always prophesied with a sound mind. The ecstasy of Montanism exhibited an unsound mind and looked like demonic possession; thus, Montanist prophecy was rejected as false. This paper theorizes that enthusiasm's absence contributed to the critics of Montanist ecstasy who were not used to enthusiasm and therefore did not recognize it as an early Christian practice.
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3

McGinn, Sheila E. "Montanist Inscriptions and Testimonia: Epigraphic Sources Illustrating the History of Montanism." Journal of Early Christian Studies 7, no. 1 (1999): 171–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/earl.1999.0014.

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4

Robeck, Cecil M. "Montanism and Present Day “Prophets”." Pneuma 32, no. 3 (2010): 413–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007410x531934.

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AbstractOver the past decade and a half, William Tabbernee, the world’s leading authority on Montanism or the New Prophecy, has written four major works on the subject. Three of them are reviewed in this article. One looks at Montanism through the eyes of church and state; a second provides documentation for the identification of the headquarters city of the Montanists; and the third puts the two together in a creative narrative. These three volumes are placed within the context of larger issues surrounding the history of this powerful prophetic movement that originated in late second-century Asia Minor and subsequently spread throughout the Roman Empire up until the sixth century. The reactions and responses of various orthodox Christian leaders and secular government officials to the claims of this highly independent prophetic movement, which called for more reliance upon the spontaneity of the Holy Spirit and a more conservative personal ethic, suggest strong parallels between Montanism and what might be found in today’s Charismatic, New Apostolic, and Emerging Church movements.
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5

Barnes, T. D. "Montanist Inscriptions and Testimonia. Epigraphic Sources Illustrating the History of Montanism by William Tabbernee." Catholic Historical Review 84, no. 3 (1998): 525–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.1998.0025.

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6

Lössl, Josef. "A Clash Between Paideia and Pneuma? Ecstatic Women Prophets and Theological Education in the Second-century Church." Studies in Church History 57 (May 21, 2021): 32–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2021.3.

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The second half of the second century saw the development of a more hierarchical institutionalized church and of a theology of the Holy Spirit (Pneuma) reflecting this development. A driver of this development was a higher educational level among church leaders and Christians participating in theological discourse. In fact, ‘higher education’ (paideia) became a guiding value of Christian living, including for the study and interpretation of Scripture and for theology and church leadership. Yet the same period also saw a new wave of ‘inspired’, ‘pneumatic prophecy’, later known as ‘Montanism’, which was perceived as a threat in an increasingly institutionalized church and attacked and suppressed. This article sees a paradox here, and asks how Pneuma could be promoted as a source of Christian leadership under the banner of paideia, when the Spirit (Pneuma) at work in the ‘New Prophecy’ was perceived as such a threat. One area of investigation which may provide answers to this question is the controversial role women played both as educated participants in theological discourse and leading figures in the Montanist movement.
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7

Jang, Jae-Myung. "Montanism and Tertullianism." Theological Perspective 205 (June 30, 2019): 200–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.22504/tp.2019.06.205.200.

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8

Gould, Graham. "Book Review: Montanism." Theology 100, no. 794 (March 1997): 139–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0040571x9710000224.

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9

Noy, David. "MONTANIST INSCRIPTIONS." Classical Review 50, no. 1 (April 2000): 174–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cr/50.1.174.

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10

STEWART-SYKES, ALISTAIR. "The Original Condemnation of Asian Montanism." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 50, no. 1 (January 1999): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046998008434.

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The object of this article is to describe the social and theological setting of primitive Montanism within second-century Asia in order to account for its appearance and its subsequent condemnation. According to an anonymous source employed by Eusebius the prophecy appeared in the middle of the second century under the leadership of a recent convert called Montanus, and the faithful of Asia gathered and condemned the movement at its outset. Clearly this is a propagandist account but we may accept its broad outlines none the less, in that there was a prophetic movement in which Montanus was a prime mover, and which failed to receive acceptance in the wider Asian Church.It should be made clear that this article restricts itself to the earliest period of the prophecy and therefore to primary sources which are directly germane to that period. These sources are both preserved by Eusebius, and consist of an unnamed writer known as the anonymous, and an otherwise unknown Apollonius. A further possibly ancient source is employed by Epiphanius, but we shall observe below that its understanding of prophecy is hardly consistent with a second-century Asian origin, whereas both the anonymous and Apollonius reveal their Asian provenance in their extant writings. Although there is a degree of bias in the presentation of the charges, we should none the less accept that there is a factual basis behind the assertions of the opponents, and that their opposition was motivated by a genuine belief that the prophecy did not conform with the tradition and the succession of the Church.
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11

Trevett, Christine. "Apocalypse, Ignatius, Montanism: Seeking the Seeds." Vigiliae Christianae 43, no. 4 (1989): 313–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007289x00236.

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12

Koschorke, Klaus. "Gnosis, Montanismus, Mönchtum." Evangelische Theologie 53, no. 3 (May 1, 1993): 216–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14315/evth-1993-0304.

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13

Beaman-Hall, Lori, and Christine Trevett. "Montanism: Gender, Authority, and the New Prophecy." Sociology of Religion 58, no. 2 (1997): 195. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3711878.

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14

Wypustek, Andrzej. "Magic, Montanism, Perpetua, and the Severan Persecution." Vigiliae Christianae 51, no. 3 (1997): 276–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007297x00219.

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15

Koutová, Darja, Negar Maafi, Radim Havelek, Lubomír Opletal, Gerald Blunden, Martina Řezáčová, and Lucie Cahlíková. "Chemical and Biological Aspects of Montanine-Type Alkaloids Isolated from Plants of the Amaryllidaceae Family." Molecules 25, no. 10 (May 16, 2020): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102337.

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Plants of the Amaryllidaceae family are promising therapeutic tools for human diseases and have been used as alternative medicines. The specific secondary metabolites of this plant family, called Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AA), have attracted considerable attention due to their interesting pharmacological activities. One of them, galantamine, is already used in the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease as a long acting, selective, reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. One group of AA is the montanine-type, such as montanine, pancracine and others, which share a 5,11-methanomorphanthridine core. So far, only 14 montanine-type alkaloids have been isolated. Compared with other structural-types of AA, montanine-type alkaloids are predominantly present in plants in low concentrations, but some of them display promising biological properties, especially in vitro cytotoxic activity against different cancerous cell lines. The present review aims to summarize comprehensively the research that has been published on the Amaryllidaceae alkaloids of montanine-type.
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16

배본철. "Neo-Montanism in the History of Korean Church." Korea Reformed Theology 43, no. ll (August 2014): 204–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.34271/krts.2014.43..204.

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17

HOSHINO, Osamu, and Miyuki ISHIZAKI. "Total Synthesis of Montanine-type Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids, (.+-.)-Montanine, (.+-.)-Coccinine, (.+-.)-Pancracine, and (.+-.)-Brunsvigine." Journal of Synthetic Organic Chemistry, Japan 52, no. 3 (1994): 207–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.52.207.

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18

O'Neill, D. W., S. Adams, J. D. Goldberg, J. B. Escalon, L. M. Rolnitzky, C. M. Cruz, A. Angiulli, L. Old, A. C. Pavlick, and N. Bhardwaj. "Comparison of the immunogenicity of Montanide ISA 51 adjuvant and cytokine-matured dendritic cells in a randomized controlled clinical trial of melanoma vaccines." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 3002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3002.

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3002 Background: Dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have been widely used in clinical trials to treat cancer. However, no study has compared the immunogenicity of the most commonly used DC type (cytokine-matured, monocyte-derived DCs) to more traditional vaccine adjuvants. We performed a randomized controlled trial comparing the immunogenicity of cytokine-matured DCs loaded with 6 HLA-A2-restricted peptide antigens and a foreign protein, KLH, to a vaccine containing the same antigens emulsified in the mineral oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 51 VG. Methods: 51 HLA-A2+ patients with resected stage IIb-IIIc melanoma were randomized to receive DCs (25 patients) or Montanide (26 patients). DCs were differentiated from autologous blood monocytes with IL-4 and GM-CSF, then matured with IL- 1β, IL-6, TNFα and PGE2. 18 million DCs were given i.d. every 4 weeks x 4, and immune responses analyzed (MHC multimers, T cell proliferation, cytokine secretion, antibodies). A 3-fold increase over baseline was considered a response. Results: Both vaccines were well tolerated. Immunogenicity was significantly greater with Montanide, as demonstrated by response rates to Flu, Melan-A and NY-ESO-1 peptides by IFNγ ELISPOT. Similar results were obtained by MHC multimer staining, with higher response rates seen using pre-sensitized assays. T cell proliferation to KLH was seen in both arms (90% DC, 100% Montanide), but the magnitude of response was significantly higher for Montanide (36-fold vs. 14-fold increase over baseline, p=0.002, Wilcoxon). KLH-specific CD4+ T cells that produced IFNγ, TNFα and IL-2 were seen only with Montanide, and all Montanide patients, but only 5% of DC patients, developed antibodies to KLH (p<0.001, Fisher's). Conclusions: A water-in-oil vaccine adjuvant, Montanide ISA 51, was significantly more immunogenic than DCs. Future studies of new DC vaccines should compare DCs to standard adjuvants to determine if their added difficulty and expense are truly warranted. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]
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19

DEHANDSCHUTTER, B. "The Martyrdom of Polycarp and the Outbreak of Montanism." Ephemerides Theologicae Lovanienses 75, no. 4 (December 1, 1999): 430–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/etl.75.4.504770.

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20

Weaver, Rebecca Harden. "Book Review: Montanism: Gender, Authority and the New Prophecy." Interpretation: A Journal of Bible and Theology 52, no. 1 (January 1998): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002096439605200124.

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21

Tilley, Maureen A. "Book Review: Montanism: Gender, Authority and the New Prophecy." Theological Studies 58, no. 4 (December 1997): 726–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004056399705800411.

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22

Tabbernee, William. "Book Review: Montanism: Gender, Authority, and the New Prophecy." Journal of Early Christian Studies 5, no. 4 (1997): 595–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/earl.1997.0102.

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23

Ishizaki, Miyuki, Osamu Hoshino, and Yoichi Iitaka. "A first total synthesis of montanine-type amaryllidaceae alkaloids, (±)-coccinine, (±)-montanine, and (±)-pancracine." Tetrahedron Letters 32, no. 48 (November 1991): 7079–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-4039(91)85045-7.

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24

Starowieyski, Marek. "Elementy autobiograficzne w trzech męczeństwach afrykańskich z III wieku." Vox Patrum 57 (June 15, 2012): 575–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4153.

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Three African Passions from III century contains the characteristic element: autobiographical parts, which we do not find in other passions of ancient period. There are Martyrdom of Saints Perpetua and Felicity (203 c.), Martyrdom of Montanus, Lucius and their companions (259 c.) and Martyrdom of Marianus and Jacob. This all three Passions are authentic and principally autonomic of themselves, but two latest patterns of popular in Africa Passion of Perpetua and Felicity in some of elements. The autobiographical elements relates to description of the Passion as well as visions, which were experienced in prison. That latest mentioned element does not have to be understood as a influence of Montanism over this works – both this elements are given in different form and included in different way at the same work. The artistic level of descriptions is also different from the most beautiful pieces of Passion of Perpetua and Felicity to rather simple followed pieces of the work. Martyrs were really involved writing in prison and handed-down descriptions of themselves martyrdom to build future generations and give them shinning examples.
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25

HOSHINO, O., and M. ISHIZAKI. "ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Montanine-Type Amaryllidaceae Alkaloids, (.+-.)- Montanine, (.+-.)-Coccinine, (.+-.)-Pancracine, and (.+-.)-Brunsvigine." ChemInform 25, no. 30 (August 19, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199430292.

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26

Baurain, J., M. Stas, F. Hammouch, A. Gillain, A. Feyens, N. Van Baren, I. Tromme, R. Van Wijck, M. Garmyn, and P. G. Coulie. "Association of primary melanoma ulceration and clinical benefit of adjuvant vaccination with tumor-specific antigenic peptides." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2009): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.3022.

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3022 Background: Therapeutic vaccination of metastatic melanoma patients with detectable disease is followed by tumor regression in ±10% of the patients, mostly with locoregional disease. Considering the absence of an effective treatment to prevent relapses of cutaneous melanoma, we have applied a multipeptide vaccine in the adjuvant setting. Methods and Results: We treated 45 HLA-A2-positive melanoma patients with no evidence of disease but at high risk of relapse. They received 5 vaccines every 3 weeks, then one every 3 months over 2 years. A first group (n=14) received 4 antigenic peptides derived from MAGE-A3, NA17, gp100 and Tyrosinase, emulsified independently in 4x1ml of Montanide ISA51. A second group (n=16) received the 4 peptides emulsified together in 1x1ml of Montanide. A third group (n= 15) received the 4 peptides alone. Forty-one patients were eligible for immune response analysis after 5 injections. A T-cell response to at least one peptide was detected in 21/27 patients vaccinated with Montanide, but in none of 14 vaccinated with peptides alone. Median follow-up time was 24 months ±10 months (SD). Relapse free survival (RFS) at 18 months was 37% for all the patients and no significant difference was observed between patients vaccinated with or without Montanide: 41% and 27%, respectively. Median distant metastasis-free survival time (DMFS) was doubled for patients vaccinated with vs without Montanide (p=0.132). Multivariate analysis for various prognostic factors including sex, age, PS, vaccine type, or immune response suggested that the ulceration of the primary tumor was associated with a better clinical course following vaccination (HR=0.295 with IC95%: 0.09–0.97). Conclusions: Vaccination with mutiple peptides in Montanide is well tolerated and elicits specific immune responses. Patients vaccinated with peptides in Montanide have a prolonged RFS and DMFS compared to whose vaccinated with peptides alone. Patients who had an ulcerated primary tumor seem to benefit more from this adjuvant vaccine. These results warrant further evaluation of such vaccines in a randomized trial with the ulceration of the primary tumor as a stratification factor. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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27

Trevett, Christine. "Gender, Authority and Church History: A Case Study of Montanism." Feminist Theology 6, no. 17 (January 1998): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096673509800001702.

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28

Czesz, Bogdan. "La «Tradizione» Profetica nella Controversia Montanista." Augustinianum 29, no. 1 (1989): 55–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/agstm1989291/33.

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29

Buschmann, Gerd. "Martyrium Polycarpi 4 Und Der Montanismus." Vigiliae Christianae 49, no. 2 (1995): 105–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007295x00149.

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30

Rives, James B. "The Blood Libel Against the Montanists." Vigiliae Christianae 50, no. 2 (1996): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157007296x00021.

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31

Baurain, J., N. Van Baren, M. Marchand, Y. Humblet, J. Machiels, and P. G. Coulie. "Tuning formulation of multipeptide vaccination for melanoma patients at high risk of relapse." Journal of Clinical Oncology 24, no. 18_suppl (June 20, 2006): 18014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.18014.

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18014 Background: Vaccination with MAGE peptides is followed by tumor regression in 10–20% of metastatic melanoma patients with detectable disease, mostly those with only SC or lymph node metastases. Anti-vaccine cytolytic T lymphocyte (CTL) responses have been observed in about 50% of the regressor patients, suggesting that these vaccines were poorly immunogenic. Recent reports have documented convincing CTL responses in patients vaccinated with peptides administered in a water-in-oil emulsion with Montanide, a clinical grade incomplete Freund’s adjuvant. After SC injection, this vaccine stimulates a local inflammation which could help to the recruitment of peptide presenting cells. Considering the absence of an effective treatment to prevent relapses of cutaneous melanoma, we applied this vaccination modality in an adjuvant setting. Methods and Results: We vaccinated 14 HLA-A2 melanoma patients with no evidence of disease but at high risk of relapse, with 4 antigenic peptides (MAGE-3.A2, NA17.A2, Tyrosinase.A2 and gp100.A2) emulsified in Montanide ISA51. Seven patients received 5 vaccinations, every 3 weeks, consisting of 4 injections of 900 μg of one peptide and 1 ml Montanide. Seven other patients received the same vaccines but with 300 μg of each peptide. Toxicity was limited to grade II, at the injection sites. Two thirds of the patients mounted a CTL response to peptide gp100.A2, and 50% to peptide NA17.A2. The lower doses of peptides were as immunogenic as the higher. Conclusions: These encouraging results indicate that this simple vaccination modality is not toxic and clearly immunogenic. We wish to formally assess the role of the immunological adjuvant Montanide in these CTL responses by vaccinating a third group of patients with the same 4 antigenic peptides without Montanide. We will also vaccinate with a mix of the 4 peptides and Montanide all injected at one site, as this will reduce the number of injections and could facilitate immunological helper effects of each peptide on the others. Finally, depending on the immunological results obtained with these two additional cohorts of patients, the best modality will be used in a larger study to evaluate clinical efficacy. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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32

Bao, Xu, Ye-Xing Cao, Wen-Dao Chu, Hu Qu, Ji-Yuan Du, Xian-He Zhao, Xiao-Yan Ma, Cheng-Tao Wang, and Chun-An Fan. "Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Montanine-TypeAmaryllidaceaeAlkaloids." Angewandte Chemie International Edition 52, no. 52 (November 8, 2013): 14167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201307324.

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33

Bao, Xu, Ye-Xing Cao, Wen-Dao Chu, Hu Qu, Ji-Yuan Du, Xian-He Zhao, Xiao-Yan Ma, Cheng-Tao Wang, and Chun-An Fan. "Bioinspired Total Synthesis of Montanine-TypeAmaryllidaceaeAlkaloids." Angewandte Chemie 125, no. 52 (November 8, 2013): 14417–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.201307324.

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34

Tabbernee, William. "Montanist Regional Bishops: New Evidence from Ancient Inscriptions." Journal of Early Christian Studies 1, no. 3 (1993): 249–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/earl.0.0092.

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35

Geale, P. F., P. A. Sheehy, C. Giles, P. C. Thomson, and P. C. Wynn. "Efficacy of two adjuvant systems to promote humoral immunity to the pre-proghrelin peptide obestatin in pigs: consequences for the growth of piglets to weaning." Animal Production Science 60, no. 3 (2020): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an18404.

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The poor antigenicity of peptide antigens demands the selection of effective adjuvants to induce humoral immunity. The peptides obestatin and ghrelin from the pro-hormone pre-proghrelin were initially identified as antagonistic in regulating feeding behaviour, with obestatin being suppressive. The efficacy of two adjuvant systems, DEAE with the oil polysorbate emulsion of BP85:Span80 and the surfactant-oil system Montanide (ISA 50v) were therefore assessed with an obestatin-ovalbumin conjugate injected into late pregnant sows. This enabled the supply of antibodies directed against obestatin to newborn piglets through colostrum with the objective of promoting ghrelin secretion and therefore increasing feeding behaviour. Pregnant Landrace × Large White sows (n = 28) were immunised with 0.5 mg obestatin-ovalbumin in 2 mL DEAE:BP85:Span80 (DEAE; n = 14) or with 2 mL Montanide (ISA 50v: n = 14) as adjuvants at days 91 and 105 of gestation. After farrowing, piglets remained with their mothers during the lactation period and were weighed after weaning at Day 28. Antibody titres (unitless) in colostrum were assessed by ELISA as 5543 ± 2388 and 3139 ± 1151 for the DEAE and Montanide adjuvants respectively. These were associated with total IgG of 67.7 ± 3 and 82.3 ± 4.8 mg/mL respectively (P = 0.018). Piglet plasma titres were 5100 ± 1576 and 5762 ± 1688 for DEAE and Montanide respectively at Day 5 postpartum. These titres were still detectable through to Day 28 (titres of 1213 ± 389 and 665 ± 203 respectively (P = 0.176). However, sow colostral antibody titres were not related to piglet antibody concentrations on D5 (r = –0.225, P = 0.341). Sow plasma antibody titres were not related to titres at Day 28 in piglets across treatments (r = 0.198, P = 0.402). The concentration of ghrelin in colostrum was 672 ± 78 and 666 ± 39 pg/mL for the DEAE and Montanide groups, respectively, leading to piglet plasma concentrations on Day 5 of 1105 ± 164 and 530 ± 84 pg/mL (P = 0.002). Animals grew from birthweights of 1.7 ± 0.1 and 1.8 ± 0.1 (P = 0.993) to 7.7 ± 1.2 and 7.8 ± 1.0 kg (P = 0.295) at weaning, representing growth rates of 200.5 ± 52.9 and 225.5 ± 53.4 g/day (P = 0.181). There was a significant negative correlation between piglet D28 antibody titre and growth rate to weaning with the Montanide adjuvant (r = 0.116, P = 0.035) but not for the DEAE (r = –0.118, P = 0.411). Although both adjuvants were capable of generating high antibody titres, the DEAE dextran was likely to be the most effective adjuvant to induce a humoral immune response to develop further with a commercial vaccine.
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36

Ulubelen, Ayhan. "A New Alkaloid, Montanine, from Ruta Montana." Journal of Natural Products 53, no. 1 (January 1990): 207–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50067a034.

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37

Frend, W. H. C. "Montanism: A movement of prophecy and regional identity in the early Church." Bulletin of the John Rylands Library 70, no. 3 (September 1988): 25–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7227/bjrl.70.3.3.

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38

Lössl, Josef. "Between Hipparchian Cynicism and Priscillian Montanism: Some Notes on Tatian, or. 3.6." Vigiliae Christianae 74, no. 1 (January 23, 2020): 84–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700720-12341420.

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Abstract Tatian’s Oration to the Greeks (or.) contains a list of twelve ancient Greek philosophers whom Tatian berates for their arrogant stupidity (or. 2.1-3.7). In this list can be found a brief note (or. 3.6) in which Tatian singles out the Cynic Crates of Thebes (ca. 368/5-ca. 288/5 BC) and asks who would want to be a witness at his “dog-marriage” (κυνογαµία) or not reject the arrogant “tongue-madness” (γλωσσοµανία) “of people like him” rather than “seeking that which is truly worth pursuing.” This paper aims at contributing to an improved understanding of this sentence and in particular of the two words, κυνογαµία and γλωσσοµανία. For this purpose it looks 1) at Crates’ background, in particular his marriage with Hipparchia of Maroneia, and 2) at the wider context in which Tatian is writing, in particular the phenomenon of early Christian ecstatic prophecy personified by the leading Montanist women prophets Priscilla and Maximilla.
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39

Shuhayeva, Liudmyla M. "Origins and Features of the Doctrine of the Charismatic Religious Association of Leontians." Ukrainian Religious Studies, no. 38 (February 14, 2006): 136–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.32420/2006.38.1731.

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The roots of charismatic doctrines go back to the distant past. Their basic ideas of direct spiritual communion with God, of so-called "spiritual enlightenment," were characteristic of ancient Montanism. Over time, these ideas and the cult associated with them passed through the doctrines of medieval hezichasts and religious entities such as Swans, convulsions, Quakers, Shekkers, Hristovers, Eunuchs, Scribes, and others. They are characterized by the belief that God, in the form of some invisible all-pervading spirit, can instill in any worthy person
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40

Sordyl, Krzysztof. "Próba rekonstrukcji doktryny i struktury Kościoła nowacjańskiego." Vox Patrum 57 (June 15, 2012): 535–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/vp.4151.

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The Novatian vision of the Church appeared in the moment which was favour­able for its further development. Not only did the Church suffer persecution, but also some Christians protested against the possibility of reconciliation lapsi. What is more, the doctrine concerning the impossibility to forgive certain sins had a sig­nificant role in spreading of Novatian Church. Merging the congregation belong­ing to Novatian Church and Montanists in the East contributed to specifying the doctrine of the sect. With reference to a repeat marriage, the testimonies from III century do not allow to state explicitly if the pope himself treated them as illegal. Novatian allowed for penance and reconciliation of those who were guilty of certain carnal sins. It seems that later such violations were treated more severely. Montanism surely had an influence on it. Such rigorism in penitential discipline assumed a definite concept of Church and the power of the keys, which differed significantly from the one Catholicism set down. Apart from this, however, dog­matic divergences between Novatianism and Catholicism are not to be observed. But, the question of determining the date of Easter led to the separation between a lot of Novatian communities and the Church. Socrates’ accounts of Novatian Church internal disputes let us discern a few features of its inner structure. It does not seem to differ from that of Catholic Church. There are bishops, priests, deacons, synods. Furthermore, episcopal ap­pointments to more important cities are considered to be superior. The sacraments in Novatian Church were the same as in Catholic Church, however, according to Teodoret, Novatian Church did not practice anointing a person with holy oils after baptism. A similar opinion can be found in Pacian’s texts. It was accepted among Catholics, at least in the East, that those who con­verted from Novatian Church should be anointed. In Novatian communities, from the outset, Catholics, who joined this sect, were baptized for the second time. According to Eulogius, Novatians in Alexandria rejected the cult of relics. The council in Nice tried to restore Novatians to the unity with Catholic Church, adopting a restrained attitude towards them. The council in cannon 8 presents the “pure” returning to Church with the conditions of grace. The Trident Council, however, saw in condemning Novatians proof of true Fathers’ teaching about penance.
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41

Trevett, Christine. "Montanist Inscriptions and Testimonia: Epigraphic Sources Illustrating the History of Montanism. By William Tabbernee. North American Patristic Society. Patristic Monograph Series 16. Macon, Ga.: Mercer University Press, 1997. x1 + 722 pp. + 55 pp. maps and plates. $45.00 cloth." Church History 67, no. 4 (December 1998): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3169853.

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42

Williams, D. H. "The origins of the montanist movement: A sociological analysis." Religion 19, no. 4 (October 1989): 331–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-721x(89)90050-x.

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43

Poirier, John C. "Montanist Pepuza-Jerusalem and the Dwelling Place of Wisdom." Journal of Early Christian Studies 7, no. 4 (1999): 491–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/earl.1999.0092.

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44

Balashov, A. N., M. I. Doronin, A. V. Borisov, D. A. Lozovoy, D. V. Mikhalishin, and V. A. Starikov. "Studies on humoral immunity in dogs after use of rabies inactivated vaccines formulated with Montanide ISA 70 VG and GEL 01 adjuvants." Veterinary Science Today, no. 1 (March 30, 2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29326/2304-196x-2020-1-32-25-30.

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Despite all the efforts made, the issue of rabies in the world does not lose its relevance. As an acute endemic infection, it poses a considerable danger to both animals and humans. The leading role in the transmission of rabies to humans belongs to diseased dogs; stray animals can be potential sources of rabies agent, which increases the risk of transmitting a deadly virus to humans. Rabies prevention in dogs around the world is carried out by counting the number of these animals, their mandatory routine immunization and evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination against the accumulation of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies. Inactivated vaccines based on different viral strains formulated with a wide range of adjuvants are used to induce a protective level of humoral immunity against rabies in dogs (≥ 0.5 IU/cm3), which allows vaccines with high safety and effectiveness for the target animal species to be obtained. The article presents the results of the study of humoral immunity in 20 non-pedigree dogs 21 days after the administration of rabies inactivated vaccines based on culture rabies virus from ARRIAH strain formulated with various adjuvants. The presented rabies vaccines formulated with oil adjuvant Montanide ISA 70 VG and gel adjuvant Montanide GEL 01 were innocuous and safe and induced strong immunity in all vaccinated animals. The vaccine formulated with Montanide ISA 70 VG adjuvant in case of a single administration in the dose of 1.0 cm3 induces formation of rabies virus-neutralizing antibodies in the level of 2.4 times higher than the vaccine formulated with Montanide GEL 01 adjuvant. The highest levels of rabies antibodies in dogs were 48.1 ± 3.7 and 28.3 ± 1.5 IU/cm3 and were observed with the use of rabies inactivated emulsion vaccine in the doses of 3.0 and 1.0 cm3 respectively.
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Jawale, Chetan V., Nithiphonh Somsanith, Seong Kug Eo, Sang-Youel Park, and John Hwa Lee. "Evaluation of Salmonella Gallinarum ghost formulated with Montanide™ ISA 70 VG adjuvant as a vaccine against fowl typhoid." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 63, no. 4 (December 2015): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2015.038.

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Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) protein is a potent adjuvant. Salmonella Gallinarum ghosts carrying LTB (S. Gallinarum-LTB ghosts) were genetically constructed using a plasmid, pJHL187-LTB, designed for the co-expression of the LTB and E lysis proteins. This study evaluates the immunopotentiating effects of Montanide™ ISA 70 VG on S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost vaccination against fowl typhoid. Five-week-old layer chickens were injected intramuscularly with sterile PBS (non-immunised control, Group A), S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost (Group B) or S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost emulsified with Montanide™ ISA 70 VG adjuvant (Group C). Chickens from both Groups B and C showed significant induction of antigen-specific systemic IgG response compared to controls; in addition, Group C showed enhanced induction of systemic IgG response compared to Group B. We observed significant induction of antigen-specific lymphocyte proliferative response and increased mRNA levels of Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL2) in both Groups B and C. Furthermore, in the challenge experiment with a virulent strain of S. Gallinarum, Group C showed higher survival rates compared with other groups. These results indicate that vaccination with the S. Gallinarum-LTB ghost in combination with Montanide™ ISA 70 VG may enhance the protective immunity against fowl typhoid.
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46

Ulubelen, A. "Erratum: A New Alkaloid, Montanine, from Ruta montana." Journal of Natural Products 53, no. 3 (May 1990): 685. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50069a023.

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47

YOUSSEF, ELHAM A., and HODA E. TAWFIK. "IMPROVEMENT OF RABBIT PASTEURELLOSIS VACCINE USING MONTANIDE ISA50." Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research 89, no. 2 (July 1, 2011): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/ejar.2011.176060.

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48

Leenaars, P. P. A. M., M. A. Koedam, P. W. Wester, V. Baumans, E. Claassen, and C. F. M. Hendriksen. "Assessment of side effects induced by injection of different adjuvant/antigen combinations in rabbits and mice." Laboratory Animals 32, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 387–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/002367798780599884.

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We evaluated the side effects induced by injection of Freund's adjuvant (FA) and alternative adjuvants combined with different antigens. Rabbits and mice were injected subcutaneously, intramuscularly (rabbits) and intraperitoneally (mice) with different adjuvants (FA, Specol, RIBI, TiterMax, Montanide ISA50) in combination with several types of antigens (synthetic peptides, autoantigen, glycolipid, protein, mycoplasma or virusesl. The effects of treatment on the animals' well-being were assessed by clinical and behavioural changes (POT and LABORAS assays) and gross and histopathological changes. In rabbits, treatment did not appear to induce acute or prolonged pain and distress. Mice showed behavioural changes immediately after (predominantly secondary) immunization. Injection of several adjuvant/antigen mixtures resulted in severe pathological changes, depending on adjuvant, type of antigen, animal species used and route of injection. Both rabbits and mice showed pathological changes ranging from marked to severe after injection of FA, and ranging from minimal to marked after Specol and Montanide injections. Pathological changes after RIBI injections were severe in rabbits, though slight in mice. After TiterMax injections, pathological changes were moderate in rabbits, though severe in mice. In conclusion, injection of FA according to present guidelines resulted mostly in severe pathological changes, whereas only very few clinical and behavioural signs indicated prolonged severe pain. Our findings indicate that Montanide ISA50 and Specol induce acceptable antibody titres, and cause fewer pathological changes than FA. Thus they are effective alternatives to FA.
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Ishizaki, Miyuki, Ken-Ichi Kurihara, Eiko Tanazawa, and Osamu Hoshino. "Radical-mediated synthesis of the 5,11-methanomorphanthridine ring system: formal total synthesis of montanine-type Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, (±)-montanine, (±)-coccinine and (±)-pancracine." J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, no. 1 (1993): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19930000101.

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50

Arévalo-Herrera, Myriam, Angélica Castellanos, Nora Céspedes, Liliana Soto, Giampietro Corradin, Sócrates Herrera, and Omaira Vera. "Preclinical Vaccine Study of Plasmodium vivax Circumsporozoite Protein Derived-Synthetic Polypeptides Formulated in Montanide ISA 720 and Montanide ISA 51 Adjuvants." American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 84, no. 2_Suppl (February 4, 2011): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.2011.10-0110.

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