Academic literature on the topic 'Montecarlo Simulation'

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Journal articles on the topic "Montecarlo Simulation"

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黄超, 黄超, 王治强 王治强, 张斌 张斌, and 刘薇 刘薇. "MonteCarlo Simulation of the Point Spread Function of CCD." Acta Optica Sinica 30, no. 9 (2010): 2703–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos20103009.2703.

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Negishi, Saiko, Hiroshi Negishi, Minoru Sasaki, and Masasi Inoue. "Montecarlo Simulation of Intercalated Atomic Distributions in Layered Dichalcogenide." Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Science and Technology. Section A. Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals 341, no. 2 (April 1, 2000): 69–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10587250008026119.

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Arunmohan, A. M., and M. Lakshmi. "Analysis of modern construction projects using montecarlo simulation technique." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.19 (April 17, 2018): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.19.14535.

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Today, Construction based Industry is the prospering industry which has a high economical influence on any nation. Delay in the huge construction project increases the total project cost. Henceforth, uncertainties as well as risks must be significantly regarded during the project. For organizing and completing the projects in a financially, timely and qualitatively accountable manner, careful scheduling of projects is compulsory. Effectual scheduling of project assures project success. This study concentrates on qualitative analysis, risk identification, together with quantitative analysis. The targets are i) to ascertain the key risk aspects that disturb the project schedule, and ii) to find the probability of finishing the project within specified time. Questionnaires are distributed amongst 20 industry practitioners with disparate experience from [1] to [25] years. Quantitative analysis is made by the methods like Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) and PERT. @RISK by Palisade corp. is utilized for MCS.
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Gaigals, Gatis, and Juris Roberts Kalniņš. "MODELLING OF AN A+B → A REACTION KINETICS IN CASE OF PARTICLES BIG FREE MEAN PATH." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 2 (August 3, 2015): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2009vol2.1021.

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The aim of the work is to develop model and program for particle simulations working on laws of particle diffusion in expansion mode and, using approach of MonteCarlo, allows analyzing regularity in two-dimensional A+B → A reactions in case of B particle large mean free path, providing visualization of results and handy further processing of results, using data export ability. In the work are examined regularities in A+B → A reactions, special issues of these reactions, found approximate formula to determine velocity of reaction on centre of absorption surface using simulated data, developed program and made a lot of simulations of different reaction environments. Examined specific features of processed data and ways to enhance credibility and precision of results, also performed filtration of processed data to decrease specific of MonteCarlo method. Found out, that in comparison with nowadays personal computers, there is need for higher performance computing power to process simulation of particle interaction in acceptable timing.
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Cieslak, Mikolaj, Christiane Lemieux, Jim Hanan, and Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz. "Quasi-Monte Carlo simulation of the light environment of plants." Functional Plant Biology 35, no. 10 (2008): 837. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp08082.

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The distribution of light in the canopy is a major factor regulating the growth and development of a plant. The main variables of interest are the amount of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) reaching different elements of the plant canopy, and the quality (spectral composition) of light reaching these elements. A light environment model based on Monte Carlo (MC) path tracing of photons, capable of computing both PAR and the spectral composition of light, was developed by Měch (1997), and can be conveniently interfaced with virtual plants expressed using the open L-system formalism. To improve the efficiency of the light distribution calculations provided by Měch’s MonteCarlo program, we have implemented a similar program QuasiMC, which supports a more efficient randomised quasi-Monte Carlo sampling method (RQMC). We have validated QuasiMC by comparing it with MonteCarlo and with the radiosity-based CARIBU software (Chelle et al. 2004), and we show that these two programs produce consistent results. We also assessed the performance of the RQMC path tracing algorithm by comparing it with Monte Carlo path tracing and confirmed that RQMC offers a speed and/or accuracy improvement over MC.
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Farinelli, Riccardo. "GTS – Garfield-based Triple-GEM Simulator." EPJ Web of Conferences 245 (2020): 02025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202024502025.

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Triple-GEM detectors are gaseous devices used in high energy physics to measure the path of the particles which cross them. The characterisation of triple GEM detectors and the estimation of the performance for real data experiments require a complete comprehension of the mechanisms which transform the passage of one particle in the detector into electric signals, and dedicated MonteCarlo simulations are needed. In this work we will describe GTS (Garfield-based Triple-gem Simulator), a MonteCarlo code which has been developed to simulate the detector response to the passage of particles inside triple GEMs. The software takes into account the processes from the primary ionization up to the signal formation, e.g. avalanche multiplication and the effects of the diffusion in the gas volume. It uses a parametrization of the variables of interest meant to reproduce the same detector response (i.e. the charge distribution at the anode) as provided by Garfield++, a well known software that already performs this kind of simulation more detailed and therefore with a high CPU time consumption. In addition to the detector response, the simulation of the APV-25 electronics is implemented and the output is used to reconstruct the particle position with the Charge Centroid (CC) and the microTime Projection Chamber (µTPC) methods. A comparison of the simulated performance and the one collected in testbeams is used to tune the parameters used in GTS. Results in different conditions of incident angle will be shown.
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Yang, Yue, Jia Ping Yao, Xiu Jin Yang, and Zhi Bo Yang. "The Montecarlo Method in Application of Fatigue Life Reliability Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 395-396 (September 2013): 822–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.395-396.822.

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Based on the probability theory, combined with the deterministic method for estimating the fatigue fracture mechanics, the formula was deduced to calculate the fatigue crack propagation life of examples components. The uncertainty and randomness of main assessment parameters were considered:initial crack size, practical working load,fracture toughness, mechanical intensity and coefficients. Since there are not many data, Weibull distribution was adopted to denote the life distribution of equipment approximately. A computer program was developed by using numerical integration method, and the fatigue life under given reliability and credit degree was solved. Analysis result shows that MonteCarlo simulation method can reflect objectively the uncertainty of assessment parameters and overcome the shortcomings of certainty assessment methods.
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Carfora, Luca. "Montecarlo simulation of the High Energy Particle Detector on board the satellite CSES." EPJ Web of Conferences 209 (2019): 01050. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201920901050.

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The High-Energy Particle Detector (HEPD) is an instrument devoted to the measurement of cosmic particles from few MeV up to hundreds of MeV. The HEPD will contribute to the China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite mission by measuring the precipitation of trapped particles and by studying the solar-terrestrial environment especially during impulsive events like coronal mass ejections and solar energetic particle emissions. A Monte Carlo software was realized to study the performance of HEPD, such as its particle discrimination capability, the energy threshold for trigger and the maximum energy detectable in full containment. This contribution reports the main features of the HEPD Monte Carlo simulation and some results of the detector performance based on it. A comparison with beam tests was carried out, showing a good agreement with the simulation.
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Morvan, E., P. Godignon, J. Montserrat, J. Fernández, D. Flores, J. Millán, and J. P. Chante. "Montecarlo simulation of ion implantation into SiC-6H single crystal including channeling effect." Materials Science and Engineering: B 46, no. 1-3 (April 1997): 218–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-5107(96)01982-4.

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Oda, Kazutaka. "Development of Software for Antimicrobial PK/PD Simulation incorporating Montecarlo Simulation Based on Microsoft^|^reg; Office Excel." Iryo Yakugaku (Japanese Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences) 37, no. 6 (2011): 335–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5649/jjphcs.37.335.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Montecarlo Simulation"

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Rocchetti, Arianna. "MonteCarlo simulation of the XENON1T experiment and first comparison with the Muon Veto data." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/13513/.

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L’esperimento XENON1T, in acquisizione dati presso i Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, è una Time Projection Chamber (TPC) contenente 2 t di xeno liquido ed ha come obiettivo una sensibilità per sezioni d'urto WIMP-nucleone indipendenti dallo spin pari a 1.6 10^(-47) cm^(2), per WIMP di massa 50 GeV/c^(2), in 2 t y. A tale scopo è fondamentale la riduzione di tutte le sorgenti di fondo. Per abbattere il fondo esterno la TPC è inserita all'interno di un Muon Veto: una vasca cilindrica riempita di acqua, dotata di 84 fotomoltiplicatori (PMT) , che funge sia da schermo passivo contro la radiazione esterna (gamma e neutroni), sia da veto per i muoni grazie alla rivelazione della luce Cherenkov da essi prodotta in acqua. In questo lavoro presentiamo uno studio sulle configurazioni di trigger del Muon Veto e sulla sua efficienza. Lo studio è basato sul confronto di simulazioni Monte Carlo con i primi dati del rivelatore. Si ottiene un'efficienza del 99.5% per eventi di muone e del 43% per sciami generati da interazioni del muone nella roccia che circonda la sala sperimentale, e conseguente riduzione degli eventi di background attesi nell'attuale run scientifico a 1.3 10^(-3) eventi. È già previsto dalla collaborazione il futuro upgrade dell'esperimento: XENONnT. Uno studio sulle possibili geometrie della TPC di XENONnT è stato effettuato mediante simulazioni Monte Carlo. Tra le possibili migliorie apportabili a XENONnT vi è la sostituzione degli attuali sensori di luce con fotomoltiplicatori al silicio (SiPM). Le simulazioni mostrano che, mediante una copertura totale della TPC con i SiPM, si ha un aumento dell'efficienza nella collezione di luce (LCE) del 20%. La LCE è un parametro fondamentale per la rivelazione del segnale di luce (S1) nella TPC; in questa configurazione si raggiunge una soglia in energia per rinculi nucleari di circa 3 keV, aumentando in modo significativo la sensibilità dell'esperimento, in particolare per WIMP di piccola massa.
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Isaksson, Therese. "Model for estimation of time and cost based on risk evaluation applied on tunnel projects." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Civil and Architectural Engineering, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3360.

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Vargas, Norambuena Juan Pablo. "Planificación de construcciones subterráneas con métodos estocásticos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Lleida, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/371745.

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A Xile, la mineria subterrània construeix més de 70.000 metres de labors horitzontals a l’any, la qual cosa significa una inversió superior als 70 milions de dòlars en el mateix període. Per altra banda, considerant la importància operativa que té aquest tipus d’infraestructures, atès que serveix d’accés als cossos mineralitzats i preparació de les unitats d’explotació, fa que la planificació prengui vital importància. El present treball proposa una metodologia de simulació mitjançant el mètode de Monte Carlo i pretén ser un recolzament a la planificació, permetent d’obtenir una estimació més certa dels temps de construcció d’aquest tipus d’infraestructures, considerant la metodologia de construcció mitjançant perforació i voladura. Per a l’ús del mètode de Monte Carlo, s’identifiquen les operacions unitàries que comprenen el cicle de construcció del túnel mitjançant perforació i voladura, i se’ls hi assignen distribucions de probabilitat, les que mitjançant la generació de nombres aleatoris fa possible simular el temps total de construcció. Els resultats obtinguts mitjançant la metodologia plantejada es contrasten amb un cas real, on es pot observar que els terminis obtinguts per la simulació s’ajusten millor als temps reals de construcció del túnel que els planificats mitjançant mètodes convencionals. A més, aquesta metodologia ha estat emprada per poder obtenir la millor configuració de la jornada de treball, segons allò permès per la legislació laboral xilena, amb la finalitat de minimitzar el temps de construcció del túnel. Per últim, ha estat simulada la construcció dels túnels d’injecció 11 i 12 de la mina Chuquicamata Subterránea, aconseguint evidenciar les bondats del mètode en el moment de tenir una estimació de la finalització de la construcció de les obres.
En Chile se construyen más de 70 km anuales de túneles mineros con una inversión superior a 270 millones de dólares. Dada la importancia que tiene este tipo de infraestructuras, ya que sirve de acceso al mineral, la planificación es vital. El presente trabajo propone una metodología de simulación mediante el método de Monte Carlo que pretende servir de apoyo a la planificación, permitiendo obtener una estimación más certera de los tiempos de construcción de este tipo de infraestructuras. Mediante el método de Monte Carlo se identifican las operaciones unitarias que comprenden el ciclo de construcción del túnel mediante perforación y tronadura, asignándoles distribuciones de probabilidad, para que mediante la generación de números aleatorios sea posible simular el tiempo total de construcción. Los resultados obtenidos mediante se contrastan con un caso real, observando que los plazos obtenidos mediante la simulación se ajustan mejor a los tiempos reales de construcción del túnel que los planificados mediante métodos convencionales. Se utilizó esta metodología para obtener la mejor configuración de la jornada de trabajo y su duración, según la legislación laboral de Chile. Por último, se simuló la construcción de los túneles de inyección 11 y 12 de la mina Chuquicamata Subterránea, logrando evidenciar las bondades del método en el momento de tener una estimación de la finalización de las obras.
Every year approximately 70,000 meters of tunnels with different sections are excavated in Chile for underground mining and civil works. The investments involve approximately 70 million dollars per year. In the mining industry this kind of infrastructure is very important as they serve to access the ore zones and prepare the ore excavation. This work proposes a simulation algorithm based on Monte Carlo method that can provides the best estimation of the opening excavation times considering the classic method of drilling and blasting. To use the Monte Carlo method, the unit operations involved in the underground excavation cycle is identified and is assigned to them probability distributions which, by means of the generation of random numbers, make it possible to simulate the total excavation time. The results obtained by this method are compared with a real case where it can be seen that the times obtained by the simulation fit better the real tunnel construction times than those planned by means of conventional methods, and they also allow getting scenarios that can be important decision parameters at the time of planning a project of this kind.
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Gregori, Verdú Santiago. "Efficient simulation of the pantograph-catenary dynamic interaction. Catenary optimisation and installation error analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/104507.

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El modelado y la simulación de la interacción dinámica entre el pantógrafo y la catenaria se ha convertido en una herramienta imprescindible para agilizar el proceso de diseño de catenarias ferroviarias ya que, entre otras ventajas, es posible reducir el número necesario de los tan costosos ensayos experimentales en vía. Para la realización de dichas simulaciones numéricas, la catenaria se modela mediante el método de los Elementos Finitos, mientras que el modelo del pantógrafo es de parámetros concentrados. La interacción entre ambos sistemas se trata con un método de penalti. Tras resolver el problema no lineal de configuración inicial, la ecuación del movimiento se linealiza, y se resuelve con la técnica HHT. Sin embargo, el aflojamiento de las péndolas y los despegues del pantógrafo son dos fuertes no linealidades que deben ser consideradas en la resolución del problema dinámico, aunque aumenten notablemente el coste computacional de cada simulación. Los objetivos principales de esta Tesis son encontrar catenarias óptimas en términos de calidad de captación de corriente y analizar los efectos de los errores de montaje de la catenaria. Para alcanzarlos, es necesario realizar un número elevado de simulaciones de la interacción dinámica entre pantógrafo y catenaria, cuyo coste computacional puede llegar a ser prohibitivo. Para reducir el coste computacional, la primera propuesta se basa en el cálculo de una solución paramétrica de la interacción dinámica entre pantógrafo y catenaria, para cualquier valor de las variables de diseño, por medio de la técnica Proper Generalised Decomposition (PGD). Si las longitudes de las péndolas son consideradas como variables de diseño, la aplicación de este método resulta exitosa en el caso del problema de equilibrio estático, pero no en el caso del dinámico, donde se considera que las péndolas no transmiten fuerzas a compresión. La solución del problema resulta muy sensible ante pequeños cambios de las variables y por tanto, se requiere de un elevado número de modos PGD para tener una solución paramétrica de suficiente precisión. La segunda propuesta consiste en el desarrollo de una estrategia para resolver el problema de interacción dinámica con la que se reduzca considerablemente el tiempo de cálculo. El algoritmo propuesto se divide en dos fases y se basa en pasar los términos no lineales a la parte derecha de la ecuación de la dinámica del sistema. Tras el cálculo y almacenamiento de la respuesta ante fuerzas unitarias, en la segunda etapa del método, el tratamiento de las no linealidades se condensa en un sistema de ecuaciones pequeño cuyas incógnitas son las fuerzas relacionadas con dichas no linealidades, en vez de los desplazamientos nodales globales. Con este algoritmo eficiente, es posible llevar a cabo la optimización de la geometría de catenarias ferroviarias. En concreto, la altura del cable de contacto y la separación entre péndolas son los parámetros de diseño a optimizar para obtener así una captación de corriente óptima. El problema de optimización se resuelve mediante un Algoritmo Genético clásico, y se aplica a diferentes tipos de catenarias. Los resultados obtenidos indican que un diseño óptimo de la geometría puede mejorar notablemente la captación de corriente de las catenarias actuales. Finalmente, se estudia la influencia que tienen los errores de montaje de la catenaria en el comportamiento dinámico del sistema. Con un planteamiento estocástico, se considera variabilidad en la longitud de las péndolas, en la separación entre ellas y en la altura de los soportes. Mediante la aplicación un método clásico de Montecarlo, se propaga la incertidumbre a las magnitudes de interés y se obtiene su función de densidad de probabilidad. Los resultados muestran que los errores cometidos en la colocación de las péndolas apenas influyen en la respuesta del sistema, mientras que errores en l
Modelling and simulation of the dynamic interaction between pantograph and catenary has become a powerful tool to expedite the catenary design process since, among other advantages, it helps in reducing the number of the costly experimental in-line tests. In order to tackle these numerical simulations, in this Thesis the catenary system is modelled by the Finite Element technique, while a simple lumped-mass model is used for the pantograph. The interaction between the two systems is accomplished with a penalty formulation. After solving the initial nonlinear configuration problem, the equation of motion is linearised with respect to the static equilibrium position and it is then solved by applying the Hilber-Hughes-Taylor (HHT) time integration method. However, dropper slackening and pantograph contact losses are two sources of nonlinearities which must be considered in the solution procedure at the expense of an increase in the computational cost. The main objectives of this Thesis are both to find optimal catenaries in terms of current collection quality and to analyse the effect of installation errors in the dynamic behaviour of the system. To achieve these goals, it is mandatory to perform a large number of pantograph-catenary dynamic simulations for which the computational cost can become prohibitive. In order to reduce this computational effort, the first proposal made in this Thesis is to precompute a parametric solution of the pantograph-catenary dynamic interaction for all values of the design variables, by means of the Proper Generalised Decomposition (PGD) technique. If dropper lengths are considered as design variables, this parametric approach is successful when applied to the static equilibrium problem. Nevertheless, in the dynamic case, when dropper slackening is considered, the solution exhibits a great sensitivity to small changes in the parameters and therefore, a huge number of PGD modes are required to obtain the parametric solution with enough accuracy. The impossibility of having a parametric solution leads the author to propose a fast strategy to simulate the dynamic interaction problem, providing remarkable saves in computational cost. The method is divided into two stages which are based on moving the nonlinear terms to the right hand side of the dynamic equation. In the first stage, the response of the system under unitary forces is precomputed and stored. Then, in the second stage of the method, the treatment of the nonlinearities is condensed into a small system of equations, whose unknowns are now the forces associated with the nonlinearities instead of the nodal displacements of the whole system. With this proposed algorithm, it is possible to carry out efficient optimisations of the catenary geometry. Specifically, contact wire height and dropper spacing are considered as design variables in order to obtain the most uniform interaction force that leads to the optimal current collection. The optimisation problem is solved by means of a classic Genetic Algorithm, applied to both simple and stitched catenaries. The results obtained show that an optimal catenary design can remarkably improve the current collection quality of the actual catenaries. Finally, the influence of the installation errors on the dynamic behaviour of the system is analysed under a stochastic approach in which variability in dropper length, dropper spacing and support height are involved in the simulations. The use of a Monte Carlo method allows the propagation of the uncertainty to the magnitudes of interest of the dynamic solution and therefore, to obtain their probability density function. The results of Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that dropper spacing errors are slightly influential, whilst dropper length and supsupport height installation errors have a strong influence on the dynamic behaviour of the system.
El modelatge i la simulació de la interacció dinàmica entre el pantògraf i la catenària ha esdevingut en una ferramenta imprescindible per a agilitzar el procés de disseny de catenàries ferroviàries degut, entre altres coses, a la possibilitat de reduir el nombre dels tan costosos assajos experimentals en via. Per a la realització d'aquestes simulacions numèriques, la catenària es modela mitjançant el mètode dels Elements Finits, mentre que el model de pantògraf és de paràmetres concentrats. La interacció entre ambdós sistemes es tracta amb un mètode de penalti. Després de resoldre el problema no-lineal de configuració inicial, l'equació del moviment es linealitza i es resol amb la tècnica HHT. Tanmateix, l'afluixament de les pèndoles a compressió i la pèrdua de contacte del pantògraf són dues fortes no-linealitats que han de ser considerades en la resolució del problema dinàmic, malgrat l'augment que produeixen del cost computacional de cada simulació. Els objectius principals d'aquesta Tesi són trobar catenàries òptimes en termes de qualitat de captació de corrent i analitzar els efectes dels errors de muntatge de la catenària. Per a assolir-los és necessari realitzar un nombre elevat de simulacions de la interacció dinàmica entre pantògraf i catenària, el que pot comportar un cost computacional prohibitiu. Per tal de reduir el cost computacional, la primera proposta consisteix a calcular una solució paramètrica del problema d'interacció dinàmica entre pantògraf i catenària, per a qualsevol valor de les variables de disseny, mitjançant la tècnica Proper Generalised Decomposition (PGD). Si les longituds de les pèndoles es consideren com a variables de disseny, l'aplicació d'aquest mètode és exitosa en el cas del problema d'equilibri estàtic, però no en el cas del dinàmic, on es considera que les pèndoles no poden transmetre força a compressió. La solució del problema és molt sensible a xicotets canvis de les variables i per tant, es necessita un elevat nombre de modes PGD per a obtenir una solució paramètrica amb suficient precisió. La segona proposa consisteix en el desenvolupament d'una estratègia per a resoldre el problema d'interacció dinàmica que reduïsca considerablement el temps de simulació. L'algoritme proposat es divideix en dues fases i es basa a moure els termes no lineals a la part dreta de l'equació de la dinàmica del sistema. Després de calcular i s'emmagatzemar la resposta del sistema a forces unitàries, en la segona etapa del mètode, el tractament de les no linealitats es condensa en un xicotet sistema d'equacions les incògnites del qual passen a ser forces en compte de desplaçaments. Amb aquest algoritme eficient, s'ha pogut realitzar l'optimització de la geometria de catenàries ferroviàries. En concret, l'altura del cable de contacte i la separació entre pèndoles es consideren com a paràmetres a optimitzar per a obtenir una òptima captació de corrent. L'optimització es porta a terme mitjançant un Algoritme Genètic clàssic, i s'aplica a diferents tipus de catenàries. Els resultats obtinguts indiquen que un disseny òptim de la geometria pot millorar notablement la captació de corrent de les actuals catenàries. Finalment s'estudia la influència que tenen les errades de muntatge de la catenària en el comportament dinàmic del sistema. Aquest plantejament estocàstic considera variabilitat en la longitud de les pèndoles, la separació entre aquestes i l'altura dels suports. Per mitjà d'un mètode clàssic de Montecarlo, es propaga la incertesa a les magnituds d'interés i s'obté la seua funció de densitat de probabilitat. Els resultats mostren que hi ha molt poca influència per part de les errades comeses en la col·locació de les pèndoles, mentre que errades en la longitud de les pèndoles i en l'altura dels suports sí que influeixen considerablement en el comportament dinàmic del sistema.
Gregori Verdú, S. (2018). Efficient simulation of the pantograph-catenary dynamic interaction. Catenary optimisation and installation error analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/104507
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Morant, Echevarne Juan José. "Estudio dosimétrico de un equipo de tomografía computarizada de haz cónico pararadiología oral y maxilofacial." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/364785.

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El radiodiagnòstic en general i la tomografia computada (TC) en particular han patit un important desenvolupament des de la seva implantació. Una conseqüència d'aquest desenvolupament ha estat la recent aparició dels equips denominats CBCT (Cone Beam Computer Tomography, o la seva denominació en català, tomografia computada de feix cònic), introduïts en la radiologia oral i maxil·lofacial perquè que imparteixen menors dosi de radiació als pacients que els equips de TC tradicionals, perquè es poden instal·lar en espais relativament reduïts, sense grans requisits de seguretat, i pel seu baix cost. La bona qualitat d'imatge proporcionada per aquests equips ha facilitat la seva elecció com a modalitat especialment útil per obtenir imatges geomètricament molt precises i amb alta resolució dels teixits durs i les cavitats d'aire de les àrees dentals i en otorinolaringologia. Aquesta tesi doctoral presenta un estudi dosimètric d'un equip de CBCT utilitzat en radiologia dental i maxil·lofacial mitjançant el mètode de Montecarlo aplicat sobre dos maniquins físics (un geomètric i un altre antropomòrfic) i dos maniquins computacionals representatius d'un home i d’una dona adults. L'adaptació i validació d'un programa de simulació per Montecarlo per ser aplicat a aquest equip concret ha permès obtenir les dosis en òrgans i dosis efectives per a un grup d'exploracions de pacients adults. Així mateix, s'ha analitzat la influència de certs paràmetres d'adquisició en relació amb la dosi i s'ha establert el producte dosi-àrea com a valor de referència per fer estimacions dosimètriques aproximades. Aquests resultats han posat en evidència l'efectivitat, precisió i utilitat del mètode utilitzat.
El radiodiagnóstico en general y la tomografía computarizada (TC) en particular han sufrido un importante desarrollo desde su implantación. Una consecuencia de este desarrollo ha sido la reciente aparición de los equipos denominados CBCT (Cone Beam Computer Tomography, o su denominación en español, Tomografía Computarizada de haz cónico), introducidos en la radiología oral y maxilofacial debido a que imparten menores dosis de radiación a los pacientes que los equipos de TC tradicionales, que se pueden instalar en espacios relativamente reducidos, sin grandes requisitos de seguridad, y por su bajo coste. La buena calidad de imagen proporcionada por estos equipos ha facilitado su elección como modalidad especialmente útil para obtener imágenes geométricamente muy precisas y con alta resolución de los tejidos duros y las cavidades de aire de las áreas dentales y en otorrinolaringología. Esta tesis doctoral presenta un estudio dosimétrico de un equipo de CBCT utilizado en radiología dental y maxilofacial mediante el método de Montecarlo aplicado sobre dos maniquíes físicos (uno geométrico y otro antropomórfico) y dos maniquíes computacionales representativos de un hombre y una mujer adultos. La adaptación y validación de un programa de simulación por Montecarlo para ser aplicado a ese equipo concreto ha permitido obtener las dosis en órganos y dosis efectivas para un grupo de exploraciones de pacientes adultos. Así mismo, se ha analizado la influencia de ciertos parámetros de adquisición en relación con la dosis y se ha establecido el producto dosis - área como valor de referencia para hacer estimaciones dosimétricas aproximadas. Estos resultados
n general X-ray diagnosis and in particular computed tomography (CT) have undergone an important development since their introduction. A consequence of this development has been the recent appearance of the so called Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) devices which have been introduced in oral and maxillofacial radiology. This is because they give a lower dose of radiation to the patients than traditional TC equipment and relatively reduced space is needed to install them. There is no need for important safety requirements and the cost is low. Due to the good image quality provided, CBCT is a useful form of technology that obtains high accuracy and good high resolution images of hard tissues and air cavities in the dental region and in otorhinolaryngology. This doctoral thesis presents a radiation dose research within a CBCT system used in dental and maxillofacial radiology using the Monte Carlo (MC) method and different phantoms. A normalized dose phantom and an anthropomorphic phantom were used to validate the MC program whereas two computational phantoms which represent an adult male and female were used to assess doses. The validation of the MC simulating program applied the CBCT system, has allowed us to obtain the dose in organs and subsequent effective doses for a range of examinations of adult patients. In the same way, it has been analyzed the influence of certain acquisition parameters in relation to the dose. The quantity dose-area product has been established as a potential reference index to make approximate estimations of effective dose. The results have revealed the effectiveness, precision and utility of the method employed.
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Blanco, Pablo Miguel. "Coupling of binding and conformational equilibria in weak polyelectrolytes. Dynamics and charge regulation of biopolymers in crowded media." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670053.

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I have carried out this thesis in the Biophysical Chemistry of Macromolecules and Colloids research group of the University of Barcelona. In the recent years, the research group have made significant contributions to the study of the conformational, binding, diffusion and reactivity properties of weak polyelectrolytes and biopolymers. On the one hand, the group has contributed to the design and development of the Site Binding Rotational Isomeric State (SBRIS) model for weak polyelectrolytes. They have also successfully used the SBRIS model to reproduce the complex experimental titration curves of polyethylenimine. On the other hand, the research group has done significant contributions in the study of biopolymer diffusion and reactivity in crowded media. They tracked the diffusion of α-chymiotrypsin in solutions crowded by different- sized dextran macromolecules. They rationalized the experimental results comparing them with on-lattice Monte Carlo (MC) simulations, observing a qualitative agreement between both sets of data. The present thesis follows the efforts of the research group in the development of theoretical and computational models for weak polyelectrolytes and biopolymers. I investigate different theoretical aspects of the conformational, ionization, elastic and diffusive properties of weak polyelectrolytes and biopolymers using theoretical and computational simulation techniques. The thesis includes six original peer-reviewed publications, which are distributed in six different chapters. Moreover, a complete description of the fundamental concepts and methodologies relevant for the thesis is also given. On the one hand, I focus in the complex interplay of the ionization and conformational degrees of freedom of weak polyelectrolytes using the recently developed Site Binding Rotational Isomeric State (SBRIS) model. A new analytical technique, the Local Effective Interaction Parameters (LEIP) method, is presented to solve the SBRIS model including long range intramolecular electrostatic interactions. The model is validated against constant pH Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The SBRIS model is used to study the elastic response of a model weak polyelectrolyte. A new force regime is found for which (i) the force-extension curves are significantly dependent on the pH and the ionic strength values (ii) the polyelectrolyte charge is modified by the stretching force. The effect of charge fluctuation in the conformational and stretching properties of weak polyelectrolytes is studied comparing the results obtained with SGCMC simulation with those obtained with MC simulation with the same charge but keeping it constant. The conformational and elastic properties of the polyelectrolyte are observed to be significantly affected by the presence of charge regulation. On the other hand, I study the diffusive and ionization properties of biopolymers in solution with a high concentration of macromolecules. These conditions, known as macromolecular crowding, are characteristic of biological media where up to the 40% of the volume is occupied by macromolecules. The diffusion of two globular proteins, α-chymiotrypsin and streptavidin, is analysed in different crowding conditions with Brownian Dynamics simulations. A new coarse grained model is proposed, named as Chain Entanglement Softened Potential (CESP), which is found to reproduce quantitatively the experimental data. I have investigated the effect of macromolecular crowding in the binding and conformational properties of two Intrinsically Disordered Proteins (IDPs), histatin-5 and β-amyloid 42, which are modelled using a bead and spring model. The crowders are modelled using the CESP model mimicking Bovin Serum Albumin (BSA). The investigation is motivated by the hypothesis that, in the same way that the conformational and ionization degrees of freedom are coupled in weak polyelectrolytes, the macromolecular crowding should also cause a charge regulation in IDPs whose flexible structure is similar to those of weak polyelectrolytes. Two possible mechanisms through by macromolecular crowding can alter the IDP ionization are proposed: (i) the increase in the effective ionic strength (same ions in a reduced volume) and (ii) the IDP compaction due to macromolecular crowding. The IDPs global charge is found to exhibit significant variations when neutral and charged crowders are added to the system, due to the increase in the effective ionic strength.
Els polímers són omnipresents a la nostra vida diària, presents en múltiples aplicacions industrials i involucrats en processos biològics essencials. Per exemple, l’ADN, les proteïnes i els sucres poden ser considerats polímers, normalment denominats biopolímers. Aquells polímers amb un gran nombre de grups carregats són coneguts com a polielectròlits i freqüentment classificats en termes de la seva ionització com a forts (completament ionizats) o febles (parcialment ionizats). En aquesta tesi, investigo diferents aspectes teòrics de les propietats conformacionals, elàstiques, difusives i d'ionització de polielectròlits febles i biopolímers. Per un costat, em centro en la complexa interació entre els graus de llibertat d'ionització i conformacionals dels polielectròlits febles utilitzant el model Site Binding Rotational Isomeric State (SBRIS), desenvolupat recentment. S’introdueix una nova tècnica analítica, el mètode Local Effective Interaction Parameters (LEIP), per resoldre el model SBRIS incloent les interaccions electroestàtiques intramoleculars de llarg abast. El model es valida comparant els resultats amb la solució obtinguda per simulacions Monte Carlo a pH constant. El model SBRIS s’utilitza per estudiar la resposta elàstica d’un polielectròlit model. Es troba un nou règim de força en el que (i) les corbes força-extensió són significativament dependents del valor del pH i la força iònica (ii) la càrrega del polielectròlit es modificada per la acció de la força d’estirament. S’observa que les propietats conformacionals i elàstiques del polielectròlit es veuen significativament i moderadament afectades per la presència de fluctuacions en la càrrega, respectivament. Per l’altre costat, avaluo les propietats difusives i d'ionització de biopolímers en solució amb una elevada concentració de macromolecules. Aquestes condicions, conegudes com crowding macromolecular, son característiques dels medis biologics on fins el 40% del volum es ocupat per macromolecules. S’analitza la difusió de dues proteïnes globulars, α-chimiotripsina i estreptavidina, en diferents condicions de crowding macromolecular amb simulacions de Dinàmica Browniana. Es proposa un nou model de gra gruixut, anomenat Chain Entanglement Softened Potential (CESP), el qual es trobat que reprodueix quantitativament les dades experimentals. S’ha investigat l’efecte del \emph{crowding} macromolecular en les propietats conformacionals i de protonació de dues proteïnes intrínsecament desordenades (IDPs), histidina
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Maťašová, Dominika. "Sekuritizace - analýza a dopady." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-112709.

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In the present work we study the securitized products of ?financial markets with focus on collateralized debt obligations and the impact of fi?nancial crisis on the markets in the world. First part the thesis is focused on the methodology of the reasons behind launching these products, the portfolio, tranches and further on mechanisms how these structures are working. In the second part the thesis teoretically describes the valuation methods for which the Markov chains and copula functions are used. Further on follows the practical part with output from the quantitative analysis and at the end the thesis describes the impacts on economics of di?fferent countries and practically introduces the stress testing as the precaution tool.
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SOUZA, LEONARDO ROCHA. "BOOTSTRAP IMPLEMENTATION IN THE PARAMETERS ESTIMATION OF ARFIMA MODELS AND MONTECARLO SIMULATIONS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 1997. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8695@1.

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CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Nesta tese de mestrado, foram analisados aspectos, propriedades, utilidade e desempenho do bootstrap, um método de reamostragem, na estimação de um parâmetro relacionado à memória longa, ou longa dependência, em séries temporais. Entre outras coisas, obtém-se estimativas do desvio-padrão do estimador do parâmetro, e um teste de hipóteses para o parâmetro. O bootstrap pode conseguir propriedades de grandes amostras a partir de um número pequeno de observações. O procedimento do bootsptrap consiste de reamostrar, com reposição, da amostra original um número grande de amostras do mesmo tamanho. A longa dependência ou memória longa (long memory) pode se caracterizado por um lento decaimento das autocorrelações conforme cresce o valor do lag. A longa dependência pode ser estudada por modelos ARIMA (p,d,q.), com o parâmetro d, relativo integração a ser feita em ruídos brancos na construção da série (ARFIMA), assumindo valor fracionário. Este trabalho está relacionado com o uso do bootstrap na estimação do parâmetro d fracionário dos modelos ARFIMA (p,d,q).
This thesis treats features, properties, utility and performance of the use of bootstrap, a resample techique, in the estimation of a parameter related to long memory in times. Among other things, we estimate the standard deviation of the parameter estimator and define a null hypothesis test for the parameter. With bootstrap, we can get large sample properties from a small sample. It consists of many resamples, with reposition, of the original sample, all with the same size as the original. Long memory can be featured by a small decay of the autocorrelations as the lag tends to infinity. Long memory can be studied by ARIMA (p,d,q) models with the d parameters assuming a fractional value (ARFIMA). This work concerns the use of bootstrap in the estimation of the fractional d parameter of ARFIMA (p,d,q) models.
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Ames, Santillán Juan Carlos. "Desempeño de las administradoras de fondos de pensiones y mecanismo de selección basado en la probabilidad de pérdida." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114814.

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This paper proposes a new methodology for selecting a pension fund base on the probability of loss for its customers. The methodology includes the historical performance of the portfolio between, March 2006 and May 2013, and projects its profitability either to maturity or to the customer’s retirement age.
El presente trabajo desarrolla una nueva metodología para la selección de fondos gestionados por las Administradoras de Fondos de Pensiones (AFP), basada en la probabilidad de pérdida del afiliado. La metodología incorpora el efecto del desempeño histórico de la gestión del portafolio, en el período marzo 2006-mayo 2013, y lo hace en la proyección de la rentabilidad esperada al vencimiento o edad de jubilación del afiliado.
Este trabalho desenvolve uma nova metodologia para a seleção dos fundos geridos pe las Administradoras deFundos de Pensão (AFP), com base na probabilidade de perda do afiliado. A metodologia considera o efeito do desempenho histórico na gestão das carteiras de março de 2006 até maio de 2013, e o inclui na projeção da taxa derendimento esperada ao vencimento ou até a idade para aposentadoria do afiliado.
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Richet, Yann. "Suppression du régime transitoire initial des simulations Monte-Carlo de criticité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00779772.

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Les calculs Monte-Carlo de criticité permettent d'estimer le facteur de multiplication effectif ("k-effectif") d'un système fissile au cours d'itérations simulant la propagation d'une population de neutrons, formant une chaîne de Markov. L'initialisation arbitraire de la population des neutrons simulés peut biaiser fortement l'estimation du k-effectif du système, défini comme la moyenne de la séquence des k-effectifs estimés à chaque itération. Un modèle simplifié de cette séquence de k-effectifs d'étapes est établi à partir du contexte technique d'exploitation industrielle des calculs Monte-Carlo de criticité. Des tests statistiques, inspirés des propriétés du pont brownien, sont construits pour discriminer la stationnarité de la séquence des k-effectifs d'étapes. Le régime transitoire initial éventuellement détecté est alors supprimé pour améliorer l'estimation du k-effectif du système. Les différentes déclinaisons de cette méthodologie sont détaillées puis comparées, d'une part sur un plan d'expériences représentatif des calculs Monte-Carlo de criticité, et d'autre part sur des calculs réels de configurations de criticité. Finalement, les performances observées sur ces applications permettent d'envisager une exploitation pertinente dans les calculs Monte-Carlo de criticité industriels.
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Books on the topic "Montecarlo Simulation"

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O'Neill, Michael F. The use of computerised simulation techniques with special regard to the use of the MonteCarlo simulation technique to solve a simple queueing problem within a Northern Ireland Health and Social Services Trust Hospital. [s.l: The Author], 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Montecarlo Simulation"

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Sanchez, Alex, Jordi Ocaña, and Carmen Ruíz de Villa. "An Environment for Montecarlo Simulation Studies (EMSS)." In Computational Statistics, 195–99. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-48678-4_22.

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Fiore, E., and H. Giberti. "A Montecarlo Approach to Test the Modes of Vibration of a 6-DoF Parallel Kinematic Simulator." In Shock & Vibration, Aircraft/Aerospace, Energy Harvesting, Acoustics & Optics, Volume 9, 315–23. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54735-0_33.

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Huertas, Jose Ignacio. "Monte Carlo Simulation of Coagulating Aerosols." In Montecarlo Simulation of Two Component Aerosol Processes. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62021.

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Huertas, Jose Ignacio. "Appendices." In Montecarlo Simulation of Two Component Aerosol Processes. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62017.

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Huertas, Jose Ignacio. "Conclusions and Recommendations." In Montecarlo Simulation of Two Component Aerosol Processes. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62018.

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Huertas, Jose Ignacio. "The Particle Encapsulation Process." In Montecarlo Simulation of Two Component Aerosol Processes. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62019.

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Huertas, Jose Ignacio. "Incorporating Condensation into the Markov-MC Model." In Montecarlo Simulation of Two Component Aerosol Processes. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62020.

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Huertas, Jose Ignacio. "Modeling Aerosol Processes." In Montecarlo Simulation of Two Component Aerosol Processes. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62022.

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Huertas, Jose Ignacio. "Sodium/Halide Flame Synthesis of W and W-Ti Nanoparticles." In Montecarlo Simulation of Two Component Aerosol Processes. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62023.

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Huertas, Jose Ignacio. "Introduction." In Montecarlo Simulation of Two Component Aerosol Processes. InTech, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/62024.

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Conference papers on the topic "Montecarlo Simulation"

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Ramirez-Aguilera, A. M., J. M. Luna-Rivera, V. Guerra, J. Rabadan, R. Perez-Jimenez, and F. J. Lopez-Hernandez. "Multi-wavelength modelling for VLC indoor channels using Montecarlo simulation." In 2016 10th International Symposium on Communication Systems, Networks and Digital Signal Processing (CSNDSP). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/csndsp.2016.7573962.

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Zapata, C., L. Garces, and O. Gomez. "Reliability Assessment of Energy Limited Systems Using Sequential Montecarlo Simulation." In 2006 IEEE/PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdcla.2006.311443.

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Zapata, C., and O. Gomez. "Reliability Assessment of Unbalanced Distribution Systems using Sequential Montecarlo Simulation." In 2006 IEEE/PES Transmission & Distribution Conference and Exposition: Latin America. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tdcla.2006.311463.

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Castillo, J., Jose L. Bosque, E. Castillo, P. Huerta, and J. I. Martinez. "Hardware accelerated montecarlo financial simulation over low cost FPGA cluster." In Distributed Processing (IPDPS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2009.5161209.

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Yang, Zhiyong, Xiaohui Qi, and Dianqing Li. "Reliability Sensitivity Analysis of Reinforced Tunnel System Using Advanced MonteCarlo Simulation." In Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium on Geotechnical Safety and Risk (ISGSR 2019). Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-11-2725-0-is1-11-cd.

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Li, Zhonghua, Zhipeng Huang, Lei Guo, A. Samee, and HongBo Wang. "The mesoscopic scale FEM simulation of dielectric properties of composite material based on montecarlo." In 2009 IEEE 9th International Conference on the Properties and Applications of Dielectric Materials (ICPADM 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpadm.2009.5252315.

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Hagiwara, Kaito, T. Tanaka, P. K. Das, T. Yano, Y. Yamada, I. Ou, T. Mori, et al. "Comparison of $\gamma$ production from thermal neutron capture of gadolinium with the MonteCarlo simulation." In The 3rd International Symposium on “Quest for the Origin of Particles and the Universe". Trieste, Italy: Sissa Medialab, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.294.0035.

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Aksenova, O. A., and I. A. Khalidov. "Analytical models of unstable rarefied gas flow in channels and nozzles: simulation and comparison." In Progress in Propulsion Physics – Volume 11. Les Ulis, France: EDP Sciences, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/eucass/201911613.

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Three different analytical models of unstable rarefied gas flows in channels and nozzles are compared using numerical simulations by MonteCarlo method. Numerical results have demonstrated the chaotic behavior of constructed nonlinear dynamic system and the limit properties of corresponding trajectories, attractors, and bifurcations of rarefied gas flows in channels. Flow conditions satisfying the experimental requirements are indicated where the instability of considered type can be detected. The advantages and the drawbacks of the considered approximations are detected and the features of obtained solutions are indicated. Recommendations are given for applying the results in practical applications and in numerical calculations of rarefied gas flows.
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Verre, F., A. Giubileo, and C. Cadegiani. "Asset Lifecycle OPEX Modelling with Montecarlo Simulation to Reduce Uncertainties and to Improve Field Exploitation." In 4th EAGE North African/Mediterranean Petroleum and Geosciences Conference and Exhibition Tunis 2009. European Association of Geoscientists & Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20145826.

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Boccardi, Alberto, Andrea Giubileo, and Claudio Cadegiani. "New Software for OPEX Estimation: Cost Driver Estimation (CODE) Tool with Montecarlo Risk Analysis Simulation." In SPE Production and Operations Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/133555-ms.

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Reports on the topic "Montecarlo Simulation"

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León-Rincón, Carlos Eduardo, and Alejandro Reveiz-Herault. Montecarlo simulation of long-term dependent processes: a primer. Bogotá, Colombia: Banco de la República, April 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.648.

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