Academic literature on the topic 'Montenegrin open coast'

This study presents the results of the content of metals (Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) in hake (Merluccius merluccius) from the Montenegrin coast, as well as the risk assessment and hazard index for human health caused by the consumption of hake. The examined hake samples were taken from the open sea on the Montenegrin coast in the period from spring 2019 to autumn 2020. During the entire research period, the mean concentrations of the examined metals in hake muscle tissue moved in the following decreasing order: Zn > Fe > Mn > Cu > Ni > Cr. The results of this research indicate that the concentrations of the tested metals in the hake samples were within or below the permitted limit values. Values of risk assessment and hazard index for all tested metals in hake muscle tissue were below unity, so the hazard index was also low. There are no health risks from the intake of Cr, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn by consuming hake. However, further monitoring and analysis of the presence of non-essential metals in fish are recommended, as well as assessing the risks and dangers to human health caused by the consumption of fish.

The article analyzes the features of landscape design of two different subzones of Montenegro – the northern part of the Adriatic coast and the Bay of Kotor. The aim of the article is to identify the main natural and urban planning factors that determine the nature of greening in the resort towns of the North Coastal region of Montenegro, characteristic techniques of greening and basic approaches to landscape design of the territory of recreational facilities. The methods of geospatial analysis, historical analysis and comparative analysis were used. As a result of the study, the determining role of relief in the predominance of certain methods of greening of resort towns was proven.Comparison of greening techniques of the resort towns of Herceg Novi and Budva showed greater compliance with the local flora of grrening in Herceg Novi and greater exotic landscaping of the tourist area of the Adriatic coast – so called Budva Riviera. Seven characteristic methods of landscape design in the resort towns of the North Coastal region of Montenegro have been identified. Two main approaches to the landscape design of the territory of recreational facilities have been identified: "closed", when a closed environment of a recreational facility is created according to the "city within a city" principle with extensive use of stylization techniques and exotic plants, and "open", when views on the attractive natural landscapes or on historical buildings, and landscaping mainly uses local plant species.

The Bigovo complex is an architectural unit consisting of three buildings in the village of Bigovo on the Montenegrin coast. The buildings were designed by architects Vasilije Milunović, Jelena Ivanović Vojvodić and Verica Krstić. The architecture of the complex is an example of contextual functionalism. The buildings are organically unified with the terrain and vegetation, and their form and composition naturally develop from the environment. The authors have created a discreet modern interpretation of the traditional architecture of the area. The complex is open towards the sea, and the internal organization enables each room to have maximum openness.

This study presents the results on marine bivalve diversity at potential mariculture sites along the open coastline of Montenegro. The research was conducted at six locations during the spring and autumn of 2022 and 2024, using SCUBA diving along defined transects. All visible taxa were collected by hand and identified in the laboratory. A total of 59 marine bivalve taxa from 23 families were identified. Most of the collected material consisted of empty shells, with only two live specimens sampled <em>Laevicardium crassum</em> and <em>Arca noae</em>. The most numerous family was Veneridae, which included 12 species. The dominant species, based on specimen number, were <em>Acanthocardia tuberculata</em>, <em>Arca noae</em>, <em>Barbatia barbata</em>, <em>Lithophaga lithophaga</em>, <em>Papillicardium papillosum</em>, <em>Rocelaria dubia</em>, <em>Striarca lactea</em>, and <em>Venus verrucosa</em>. Commercially and potentially commercially important species included <em>Arca noae</em>, <em>Callista chione</em>, <em>Chamelea gallina</em>, <em>Flexopecten flexuosus</em>, <em>Flexopecten glaber</em>, <em>Mimachlamys varia</em>, <em>Mytilus galloprovincialis</em>, <em>Ostrea edulis</em>, <em>Polititapes aureus</em>, <em>Ruditapes decussatus</em>, and <em>Venus verrucosa</em>. At all of the investigated locations, the protected bivalve species <em>Lithophaga lithophaga</em> was recorded, which is negatively impacted by illegal exploitation. The critically endangered species <em>Pinna nobilis</em> was not recorded at any of the study sites. The non-indigenous species <em>Fulvia fragilis</em> was observed near cape Mendra (location Valdanos 1).

This paper reports on the content of heavy metals Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd and Hg in the seawater, sediment and sea grasses <em>Posidonia oceanica </em>and <em>Cymodocea nodosa</em> sampled from five locations along the Montenegrin coast in summer 2016. The pollution status was evaluated by using indexes such as CF, BCF, BSAF, MPI and PLI. Bigger values of PLI and MPI indexes were determined for sediment and sea grasses sampled on the locations within Boka Kotorska Bay comparing to the locations which are under influence of the open sea. Location Sv. Stasije was the most polluted while Žanjice was the least polluted location. Correlation analysis of the content of heavy metals in seawater, sediment and both sea grasses showed that Cu, Zn, Mn, Cd and Hg in <em>Posidonia oceanica</em> originate from the sediment, while Pb originates from the water column. Mn and Cd in <em>Cymodocea nodosa</em> originate from sediment, while Cu, Zn and Hg come from natural or anthropogenic sources. Therefore, <em>Posidonia oceanica</em> can be used as a bioindicator for Cu, Zn, Cd, Mn, and Hg content in sediment and Pb in seawater, while <em>Cymodocea nodosa</em> can be used as a bioindicator of Mn and Cd content in the sediment.

The coastal region of Montenegro faces significant environmental challenges due to ongoing pollution from various sources. This study investigates trace metal contamination in sediment samples collected from the open coast of Montenegro in 2019 and 2020. Elevated contents of some elements, found at the location S4, but also at S1, were predominantly attributed to the pollution from nearby holiday cottages and restaurants. Multivariate statistical analysis, including cluster analysis and canonical component analysis, was used to identify trace metal grouping and variations in trace metal pollution in sediments from different locations. The contamination factor values indicated predominantly low to moderate contamination along the Montenegrin coast, with notable exceptions such as S4, showing very high contamination for Cr in 2020, and significant contamination for Cr in 2019, as well as Ni and Cd in 2020. Pollution load index values showed the presence of pollution at locations S3 and S4, while contamination severity index values revealed varying degrees of pollution severity across different locations, with S4 exhibiting ultra-high contamination levels. Regarding trace metal contamination, only sediments from S2 showed low risk to marine organisms despite its proximity to the tourist center of Budva. These findings underscore the importance of continued monitoring and effective management strategies to address trace metal contamination in Montenegrin coastal ecosystems.

The dynamics of the phytoplankton community were studied along the Montenegrin coast, in the mesotrophic area of Boka Kotorska Bay and the oligotrophic coastal open sea area. This two year study investigates differences in dynamics of phytoplankton assemblages and abundances in the Bay area, which is highly impacted from the land, and the open coastal part of the Montenegrin coast, which is highly influenced by Levantine water masses but less affected by anthropogenic influence.` Regarding phytoplankton diversity, the microplankton species detected are those that prefer areas rich in inorganic nutrients, such as Chaetoceros affinis, Dactyliosolen fragilissimus, Leptocylindrus danicus, Pseudo-nitzschia spp., and Thalassionema nitzschioides. These species used both new and regenerated nutrients which regenerated at each grazing level of the microbial loop and are thus made available to the primary producers. The potentially toxic Pseudo-nitzschia spp. reached an abundance of 105 cells/L. Among the potentially toxic dinoflagellates, Dinophysis acuminata, D. acuta, D. caudata, D. fortii, D. tripos, Gonyaulax spinifera, Lingulodinium polyedra, Phalacroma rotundatum were recorded (the abundance reached values up to 102 cells/L). The detected presence of several potentially toxic and toxic phytoplankton species warrants the need to raise awareness for the necessity of continuous monitoring activities and preventive measures.

This paper presents results of the first investigation of beach litter in Montenegro. Sampling was performed during four seasons, autumn (October) 2014, winter (January), spring (April) and summer (July) 2015, on two beaches. One of them, Igalo beach is situated in the area of Boka Kotorska Bay, while second one - Kamenovo beach is situated at the open part of Montenegrin coast. Methodology that was used during sampling was developed during IPA Adriatic DeFishGear project. Total of 2 992 pieces of litter items, with total weight of 51.47 kg was collected during all seasons. Summarizing the monitored results of surveyed beaches from all four seasons, results showed that the plastic was dominant type of litter with 75.3% on Kamenovo beach and 77% on Igalo beach, followed by cloth, metal and wood items. Results showed relatively big amount of marine litter and further investigation should be concentrated on wider area.

This paper presents an assessment of the amount, composition and spatial distribution of seafloor marine litter in the southern part of the Adriatic Sea (GSA 18). Surveys were performed during a six-year period (2019-2024) from 24 hauls. Sampling was carried out using a bottom trawl during regular fishing activities (Fishing for Litter - FFL). Seafloor marine litter was classified into nine main categories (plastic, metal, rubber, cardboard/paper, textile/natural fibres, glass/ceramics, processed wood, and two categories of unclassified waste) in the laboratory of the Institute of Marine Biology, Kotor. The total average density of collected litter was 260.89 items/km2. The highest concentration of marine litter was determined in the Boka Kotorska Bay area, near the shoreline, at a depth range of 35-40 metres with an average density of 597.39 items/km2. The lowest value was recorded in the open part of the Montenegrin coast at depths of between 60 and 120 metres (148.74 items/km2). The highest concentration of marine litter near the coast is a consequence of increasingly intensive urbanisation, river inflows and the hydrological characteristics of the area. Plastic represents the dominant category in terms of the number of items, followed by metal and textiles/natural fibres. Marine litter related to fishing activities accounted for 3.34 % of the total litter collected on the seafloor.

<strong>Message from the editors,&nbsp;</strong> This Summer School on Cyber-Physical Systems and Internet of Things (SS-CPS&amp;IoT&rsquo;2021) is continuation of very successful 1st School from 2019. Unfortunately, last year, 2020, we were not able to organize the School because of Covid-19 pandemic. This year we adapted to the situation and managed the event on two tracks, remotely and on site. SS-CPS&amp;IoT&rsquo;2021 aims at serving the following main purposes: -advanced training of industrial and academic researchers, developers, engineers and decision-makers; academic teachers, Ph.D. and M.Sc. students; entrepreneurs, investors, research funding agents, and policy makers; and other participants who want to learn about CPS and IoT engineering; -dissemination, exchange and discussion of advanced knowledge and project results from numerous European R&amp;D projects in CPS and IoT; -promotion and facilitation of international contacts and collaboration among people working or interested in the CPS and IoT area. The School is open to everybody, but previous knowledge or equivalent practical experience at least at the Bachelor level in engineering (e.g. system, computer, electronic, electrical, automotive, aviation, mechanical, or industrial engineering), computer science, informatics, applied physics or similar is recommended. Industry participation is encouraged. SSCPS&amp;IoT&rsquo;2021 is not only to follow courses and learn new knowledge on Embedded Systems, CPS and IoT from top professionals, but to meet people, interact and discuss with outstanding researchers, developers, academic lecturers, advanced students, and other participants, collaborate or start collaborations, and meet many talented people who may become employees of your companies as well. Distinguishing features of this advanced traditional Summer School are that its lectures, demonstrations, and practical hands-on sessions are given by top European and Worldwide specialists in particular CPS and IoT fields from industry and academia, delivering very fresh advanced knowledge. They are based on results from numerous currently running or recently finished European R&amp;D projects in CPS and IoT, what gives an excellent opportunity to get acquainted with issues and challenges of CPS and IoT development; actual industrial problems, designs and case studies; and new concepts, advanced knowledge and modern design methods and tools created in the European R&amp;D projects. This year, we had the honor to invite guest lecturer outside Europe, from Huawei, multinational company, leading global provider of information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure and smart devices. Part of the students and lecturers came from the H2020 project SMART4ALL, &ldquo;Self-sustained customized cyber physical system experiments for capacity building among European stakeholders&rdquo;, so it can be said that it was a Joint School of our community with this significant project. SS-CPS&amp;IoT&rsquo;2021 is collocated with CPSIoT&rsquo;2021, 9th International Conference on CyberPhysical Systems and Internet-of-Things and 10th Mediterranean Conference on Embedded Computing. The Summer School participants were encouraged to submit their papers to CPSIoT&rsquo;2021 and MECO&rsquo;2021, and thus gain additional experience of presenting work in one of the TOP conference in computing. The CPS&amp;IoT&rsquo;2021 Summer School Program is composed of four days of lectures, demonstrations, practical hands-on sessions, and discussions, as well as free participation in MECO&rsquo;2021 and CPSIoT&rsquo;2021 sessions. The topics of the lectures, demonstrations, and practical hands-on sessions cover major CPS applications (focusing on modern mobile applications that require high-performance or low energy consumption, as well as, high reliability, security and safety), computing technology for modern CPS, CPS architectures, development problems and solutions, as well as, design methodologies and design tools for all CPS design phases. In line with the technological challenges caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, part of the lecture was focused on fighting this disaster by using CPSs. There were also lectures from precision agriculture, in fact, Smart Anything Everywhere. Detailed list of the SS-CPS&amp;IoT&rsquo;2021 presentations including the names of their authors and presenters is provided in the Schedule of the School. Venue of SS-CPS&amp;IoT&rsquo;2021 was Hotel Budva*****, Budva, Montenegro. Budva is a 3500 years old town located at the Adriatic Sea coast of Montenegro. It is a popular touristic destination, with its charming Old Town, beautiful natural environment, 35 clean sandy beaches, and proximity to many famous touristic attractions as Kotor, Boka Kotorska, Sveti Stefan, Dubrovnik, and several national parks. It is an excellent place to have a summer school in a relaxed and friendly atmosphere. What were the brief data about this year Summer School? We had 70 lecturers and students, coming from over 20 countries around the world. We worked for four days in a 32-hour capacity, that is equivalent to an academic workload of 3 ECTS credits. The Chairmen of the SS-CPS&amp;IoT&rsquo;2021 express their thanks to all authors and presenters, as well as, to all other people who contributed to the success of the Summer School. We are especially proud on 2nd generation of students who successfully finished School and showed an enviable level of knowledge and interest. We are very grateful to Professor Budimur Lutovac, Publication Chair of CPSIoT&rsquo;2021 and MECO&rsquo;2021 helping us to compose these Proceedings, which represents only part of the results carried out by SS-CPSIoT&rsquo;2021. The Proceedings is given here in form of open access document. We hope to see you again next year, mostly on the spot, in good health and mood. Yours, Lech J&oacute;źwiak Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands Radovan Stojanović University of Montenegro and MECOnet, Montenegro <strong>Contributors:</strong> <strong>Ioannis Pitas, Mario Kovac, Nicola Capodieci, Beno&icirc;t Dupont de Dinechin, Danilo P. Mandic, Kim Guldstrand Larsen, Marius Mikucionis, Radu Grosu, Alberto Marchisio, Muhammad Abdullah Hanif, Muhammad Shafique, Daniel Madronal, Francesco Ratto, Giacomo Valente, Hui Cao, Eugenio Villar, Abdelhakim Baouya, Salim Chehida, Aris Lalos, Christos Koulamas, Dimitrios Serpanos, Alberto Cardoso, Ant&oacute;nio Dourado, Jorge Henriques, Paulo Gil, Christoph Schmittner, Zoran Utkovski, Slawomir Stanczak</strong> &nbsp;