Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Montesquieu (1689-1755) – Et l'économie politique'
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Spector, Céline. "Economie et politique dans l'oeuvre de Montesquieu." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100122.
Full textJackson, Valérie. "Montesquieu, Rousseau et la modernité politique." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/44704.
Full textBa, Papa Ousmane. "Montesquieu et la liberté politique." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010589.
Full textDos, Santos Antonio Carlos. "La voie double : l'éclipse de la tolérance et l'inviabilité politique chez Montesquieu." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100049.
Full textTolerance in Montesquieu's work has a double meaning : on the one hand, the religious field, on the other hand the political one. In order to exist effectively, tolerance requires the control of the first and a more effective action of the second. But political power needs also the religious one to justify a fairly large part of its actions, especially as regards morality. How to condense these powers, to a certain antagonistic extent - but interconnected - without each loses its force or the character of its specificities ? How to manage this conflict without exposing oneself to the abuse of one side's power, by considering the objective of politics - public peace - and the aiming of religion - the good of its worshippers ? Now, what is tolerance for Montesquieu ? Roughly speaking, it is the way of treating the Other, especially when this other thinks differently. But who is this Other ? Somebody who is prepared to have a dialogue, because it is impossible that there is tolerance without the opening up to the Other because, in that case, tolerance would become assent or compassion, what would indeed be far from the thought at Montesquieu
Pereira, Jacques. "Montesquieu et la Chine." Nice, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NICE2005.
Full textWe know the importance of China in the intellectual history of France for the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries : it has fueled the debate on the universal chronology, the religious tolerance, the purposes of good government, the new economic order that trying to prevail. While avoiding intervene in the battle raging between sinophiles and sinophobes, Montesquieu listens, learns, sorts, attempting to develop a personal position faced to these presentations of China that missionary literature and travel stories propose. It is that the stakes are high for him : this political and sociological model seems to resist its own criteria for assessing up to challenge its typology of Governments. This thinking is reflected long, upstream of L’Esprit des lois , Geographica, Pensées and Spicilège, it is nevertheless a representation actually the original in the World Chinese sidesteps the trap of assuming Manichaeism and some uncertainties contradictions. . . The task that first I set is to reconstruct as accurately as possible the representation of China, to confront the sources available to Montesquieu, to show that some deviations from these sources or from its first judgments can be explained to the internal structure of Esprit des lois. Finally, I try to assess the resonance that this representation has been reached among the first readers of the masterpiece
Andrivet, Patrick. "Représentations politiques de l'ancienne Rome en France des débuts de l'âge classique à la révolution." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994CLF20057.
Full textIn the france of the 17th and the 18th century some prominent writers like corneille, bossuet, montesquieu and rousseau, simple essayists like saint-evremond, and revolutionaries like marat and robespierre did not adhere to the admiration of ancient rome that had become traditional in europe since the renaissance. The author makes this point by a detailed study of the works of these writers who, in spite of texts written with certain precautions of style, denounce the excessive cult of rome of modern europeans, its aspiration to universal domination, its institutions and the corruption which takes over after several centuries of existence. These studies are accompanied by analyses which link these critical opinions of rome to the political views which are implicit or explicit in each work. Views which are implicit or explicit in each work
Jebahi, Nejia. "Montesquieu et le monde romain : étude politique et morale." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAC004/document.
Full textDuring its long history, Rome has subjugated numerous peoples. Its territory increased so much that it became the center of gravity of the whole antique world. The extraordinary expansion of that city has therefore always surprised the thinkers. Understandably Montesquieu, a French philosopher of the Age of Enlightenment, has himself studied the Roman world and its development in a number of his works. In order to explain the reasons behind the magnificence and the decadence of the Romans, Montesquieu examined the evolution of Roman politics and ethics from the foundation of the Vrbs until to its decline. The author carefully analyses the Roman civil and military institutions in order to establish their excellence and even to point out their limits. In his sociological and critical approach, this writer uses a rich literature that reveals the influence of Machiavel and Bossuet. Nevertheless from his work emerges an innovative standpoint that opens up for original fields of investigation
Estève, Laurent. "Montesquieu, Rousseau, Diderot : du genre humain au bois d'ébène ou les silences du droit naturel." Toulouse 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000TOU20038.
Full textVernazza, Diego. "« Le monde inquiet : Machiavel, Montesquieu et Tocqueville »." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0070.
Full textThis dissertation offers an interpretation of the works of Machiavelli, Montesquieu and Tocqueville by establishing a conversation between them. Hs main objective is to shed some more light on three cIassic works of Western political philosophy by following the history of the anthropological, sociological and political concept of "inquiétude" (restlessness). The other major purpose of this work is to further develop what Tocqueville has called the "new science of politics", which is characterized by the pursuit of a singular link between the analysis of facts, social life as it is, and the questioning of what it is l argue that the theories of MachiaveIli, Montesquieu and Tocqueville are ail founded in a singular social and political experience, and, at the same time, provide the means of applying judgment and criticism. The fundamental goal of this work is to elucidate this particular relationship between analysis and criticism, and to uncover some criteria that might inform political judgement where there is no commonly accepted objective standard
Prevautel, Patricia. "Le chevalier de Jaucourt : ses idées politiques et sociales." Bordeaux 4, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR40015.
Full textWho is the chevalier of jaucourt ? what are his political and social ideas ? simple compiler for the posterity, the collaborator of diderot has not only made a useful work of erudition in the encyclopedie. His contribution popularize the lofty thoughts of montesquieu about decline of the old regime. The immorality of men make clear the degeneration of government. The monarchy is despotic because the elite of kingdom let the common possessions for satisfaying his selfishness. The king thinks the state as his property, the nobility takes profit of the privilege, fights against new ideas and new talented men, the administrators take advantage of the incoherency of fiscal system. Law, tax, justice become instruments of the tyranny, enslave freedom, deny equality between all men. The church reinforces the tyranny by his intolerance, dictates the religious behaviours, controls all writings. The political and social picture of society of the xviiith century designed by jaucourt is without complaisance but does not incite to the revolution, he only proposes the reformation of the institutions. Man of the enlightenment, this encyclopedist is a moralist who rise against immorality and ignorance of his contemporaries
Brice, Benjamin. "La fin de la guerre ? : les ambiguïté de la « paix démocratique » : intérêts, passions et idées." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0041.
Full textThe most salient feature of contemporary international relations is probably the state of peace between liberal democracies across the globe: for almost two centuries, these have not waged war against one another. On the basis of this observation, "democratic peace" theorists - or more precisely "liberal peace" theorists - have tried to identify the "mechanisms" which explain this statistical correlation, and upon which a real international peace could be imagined, providing each political unit adopts the different aspects of the "liberal regime" (market economy, representative democracy and individual rights). Three main "mechanisms" are offered to support these theories: (1) national interests converge through trade and economic interdependence, (2) representative democracy tames the most warlike passions and (3) shared principles of justice in liberal democracies are likely to bring an end to the conflicts of ideas. We can recognize here the three main causes of war: interests, passions and ideas. These "mechanisms" have been discussed by political thinkers from the 18th century. Montesquieu for instance, usually dismissed by the "tradition" as the promoter of « doux commerce », is of great help to think through the ambivalence of the three different "mechanisms" at work: (1) alongside reconciling interests, modern trade gives rise to oppression and conquest, (2) pride in ruling and the desire to dominate do not disappear thanks to the revaluation of human passions, and (3) universal principles of justice, expected to establish an agreement between clashing ideas, easily transform into one form or another of imperialism. The purpose of this thesis is thus to understand what is changing and what is not in international affairs following the birth and the expansion of what we call the "liberal regime"
Janvier, Marie-Hélène. "Une confrontation du discours missionnaire et philosophique : l'interprétation de l'image de la Chine par Montesquieu et Voltaire, 1721-1776." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25244.
Full textSadamori, Ryo. "Le concept de "civil" et la genèse historique de la "liberté" dans la pensée de Montesquieu." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H225.
Full textThe objective of our study on the concept of "civil" in the thought of Montesquieu consists at first in presenting the context in which, especially after Adam Smith, and in the process of the separation of economical sciences from legal sciences, the sphere of the "civil", la ter called "civil society", becomes the object of economical sciences, and second, in understanding how, at the same time, the notion of "civil" lost the connotation of "political and legal society", that is "civitas". To approach this question, our first concern focuses on the increasing interest on R.oman antiquity which begin as renewal in huamnist thought in Europe. lntepretations of Roman history actually reflect the interests of intellectuals preoccupied with their own contemporary society. Nonetheless the divcrsity of these interpretations helps to understand the evolution of the analytical means used to analyse the society in general. ln this perspective, we compare Montesquieu with Machiavelli who lived in an incisive period in North of ltaly in the 15th, and the begging of the 16th, century, along with Harrington who lived in the time of the Civil War in England in the middle of the 17th century and, fïnally, with David Hume who defended the govemement established after the Glorious Revolution in 1688. From these analyses, we show the causes of the progressive sophistication of the social sciences matching the historical period during which the modern state system has gradually been established
Gittler, Bernard. "Rousseau et l'héritage de Montaigne." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENSL1013.
Full textThe aim of this study is to analyze the role of Montaigne’s legacy in Rousseau’s philosophy.First, evidences and views of Rousseau’s reading of Montaigne have been examined in his published works and in his manuscripts. Editions in which Rousseau was reading Montaigne have also been identified.Then, mediations between Rousseau and Montaigne’s reception have been reviewed. Rousseau reads the Essais with the 18th century points of view. He relies on 17th century authors who judge Montaigne. Therefore, thanks to this philosophical tradition who deals with Montaigne, links between Montaigne and Rousseau are analysed.The implicit and explicit references to Montaigne in Rousseau’s work are triangulated. Rousseau quotes Montaigne to deal with Diderot, – translator of Shaftesbury, to defend natural religion as early as in his First Discourse on the Sciences and Arts.Rousseau has a political reading of the Essais. He denounces all kind of domination, and criticizes Montesquieu’s apology of luxury. The political reading of Montaigne increases in the second Discourse : the possessive individualism destroys the social link.Rousseau underlines the La Boétie’s principles in the Essais, which show the political depravation of society. The social link does not demand to follow moral rules against citizen’s interests. Humanity has to pursue a universal interest, which establishes a relationship between each human being and the whole humanity.Montaigne has a central position to understand the dialogues between Rousseau and Barbeyrac, Mandeville, and Locke. Rousseau refers to Montaigne when he defends his moral and politic fundamental principles
Baysson, Hubert. "L'idée d'étranger chez les philosophes des Lumières." Lyon 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO33008.
Full textBoulerie, Florence. "L'élaboration de l'idée d'éducation nationale, 1748-1789." Paris 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA030035.
Full textThe expression éducation nationale is an invention of the second part of the eighteenth century. La Chalotais was the first to use it in 1763, but he came after Montesquieu and Rousseau who prooved the value of education as a political concept. Till 1789, the meaning of the expression grows richer in political, anthropological and pedagogical debates taking the various forms of plans, treatises or fictions. We have pointed up four periods, from 1748 to 1789, during which writers are oscillating between abstract forms and genres closer to reality. The works where the idea of national education is growing want sometimes to deepen the idea, examining it in theory, and sometimes to have an immediate influence upon reality. Authors often choose the form of the plan (of public education) because they hope that their instructions should be followed by the political power. At the same time as the idea of national education is being elaborated, the activity of citizenship is coming out. Each writer has a new conscience of his function in public life of the whole group. But, under the monarchy, the efforts to organize education by plans have no success, even if the idea has a great one: each writer seems to be alone, even if each tries to unify the nation by the mean of education, which creates the fusion between what is public and what is private