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1

Rose, Taylor Elliott. "Review: The Myth of Silent Spring: Rethinking the Origins of American Environmentalism by Chad Montrie." Pacific Historical Review 88, no. 2 (2019): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2019.88.2.317.

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Faue, Elizabeth. "Making a Living: Work and Environment in the United States by Chad Montrie (review)." American Studies 51, no. 3-4 (2010): 206–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ams.2010.0139.

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3

Borcherding, Rhoda, Linda Goff, Bill Nolting, Chip Peterson, and Brian Whalen. "Experiential Education and Study Abroad." Frontiers: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Study Abroad 8, no. 1 (December 15, 2002): vii—x. http://dx.doi.org/10.36366/frontiers.v8i1.90.

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This Special Issue of Frontiers is timely. Over the past ten to fifteen years, the field of education abroad has seen a dramatic increase in the number and variety of experiential approaches to learning. While it has long been recognized that the learning outcomes of study abroad are closely related to out-of-class experiences, until recently surprisingly little attention had been paid to this topic. This volume seeks to address this need by inviting some of the leaders in the theory and practice of experiential education abroad to address important considerations related to their work. Like other Special Issues of Frontiers, this volume is meant to bridge a gap between the administration of study abroad programs and the academic disciplines from which study abroad programs emanate. Frontiers has as one of its central purposes connecting study abroad to its academic underpinnings and to the faculty that teach and research within these disciplines. In addressing the topic of experiential education, we hope to engage our faculty in further study and dialogue about how best to create, manage, and evaluate experiential education programming in study abroad in order to enhance learning outcomes. The current volume also bridges another gap, this one between study abroad professionals and our colleagues involved in experiential education. Past Special Issues of Frontiers have looked at the intersection of key fields related to study abroad: science and engineering; foreign languages; and area studies. By addressing the theoretical, pedagogical and practical connections between international education and experiential education, it is our hope that this volume will spur discussion and collaboration in areas of mutual interest. The featured articles in this volume move from theory and history to praxis and the concrete issues that we encounter in our everyday work. The introductory essay by Lynn Montrose of Regis University provides a framework for understanding the theory and pedagogy of experiential education. After a brief review of some experiential education theorists, Montrose outlines the standards of good practice, and helps us to think about how to define experiential education goals and means of assessment. Rather than an historical overview of experiential education, this special issue of Frontiers offers case studies that relate individuals to their political and historical contexts. Ronald Cluett, a professor of Classics at Pomona College, shows how movement across borders is an often-repeated narrative that blends the personal and the political. His historical case studies, ranging in subject from Cicero to Mohammed Atta, remind us that experiential education is an old form that has influenced history in tangible ways, both positively and negatively. The next article, by Ann Lutterman-Aguilar and Orval Gingerich, examines the ways in which international experiential education contributes to educating for global citizenship. Drawing on their well-known program at Augsburg College, Lutterman-Aguilar and Gingerich argue that study abroad in and of itself does not contribute to the development of global citizenship, but that it can do so when study abroad programs are designed with that goal in mind. The authors provide suggestions for how to design such programs by drawing on the principles of experiential education and their own experience at Augsburg. Following this piece, John Annette provides readers with a broad view of the area of international service learning, based on his expertise. The next series of articles frame the “how to” of this Special Issue by offering best practices from practitioners on the front line of study abroad experiential programming. These articles cover internships, field-based learning, and collaborative learning using journal writing. The first article is by Gerald Honigsblum, Director of the Boston University Paris Internship Program. Honigsblum outlines the material, cultural, intellectual, legal, and professional issues associated with a professional internship model. His article analyzes the conditions and variables of experiential learning within internship programs, and recommends a number of guidelines and strategies to make the internship a seamless learning experience that is both substantial and substantive. Carol Brandt and Thomas Manley present the practice of using a fieldbook on study abroad programs as both a pedagogical and assessment tool. They provide specific examples of how the fieldbook is used to engage students in certain types of learning activities, as they elucidate both the successes and the problems with this approach. Experiential education requires rigorous reflective and analytical structures, and the fieldbook is an example of an effective model for achieving this goal. Leeann Chen of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University provides an innovative model for incorporating host nationals as cross-cultural collaborators in overseas learning. Chen proposes to have students write for a native audience, creating opportunities for students to reflect more deeply on cultural differences from cross-cultural points of view. Her article examines the experiential links created within a creative dialogic relationship rather than the traditional appositive relationship that exists between students and hosts. She also addresses how to prepare both host nationals and students for using writing addressed to the former as a structure of cross-cultural collaborative learning. The next article of this Special Issue examines experiential education abroad models. Chip Peterson of the University of Minnesota argues that program design and pedagogical strategies are critical to transformative experiential education. He compares and contrasts three different approaches to program design, management, and evaluation. The many similarities among them reflect the common values, objectives, and principles of good practice on which they draw; the notable differences among them illustrate that there are many valid pedagogies. In his article, Michael Steinberg of the Institute for the International Education of Students (IES) addresses the question of maintaining academic quality in experiential study abroad programming. He demonstrates that experiential education is a laudable and creditworthy endeavor, and discusses some approaches designed to reinforce the academic nature of experiential learning, using IES as a case study. Steinberg reviews recent research on credit acceptance and on student learning, and then discusses assessment and the nature of academic programming for students in field placements, internships, and service learning. Finally, we include in this volume tributes to two giants in the field of experiential education abroad who passed away within the past year, Senator Paul Wellstone and Howard Berry. We are pleased also to be able to publish a bibliography of Howard Berry’s writings as well as a short article of his that appeared in Transitions Abroad. We thank Clay Hubbs of Transitions for granting permission to reprint the article and the tributes to Howard Berry. We thank also Amy Sunderland, Executive Director of the Higher Education Consortium for Urban Affairs (HECUA), for her moving tribute to Senator Wellstone. Both Wellstone and Berry were influential leaders in promoting and developing international experiential education, and we are pleased to be able to honor their memory in this Special Issue of Frontiers. Readers will notice a page dedicated to notes from the Forum on Education Abroad. Frontiers is pleased to be a strategic partner of the Forum by sharing the research goals of the organization. The Forum and Frontiers will work together on future projects to benefit the field of international education. Already being planned are special issues of Frontiers developed in collaboration with Forum members whose topics include outcomes assessment and curriculum development. In addition, the Frontiers Editorial Board is pleased to distribute complimentary copies of Frontiers to all Forum members. Study abroad professionals are challenged to design, manage, and assess all aspects of experiential education programs, often in a climate in which these programs themselves are not well understood. The guest editors and the editorial board of Frontiers hope that this Special Issue will contribute to the work of our colleagues by offering insight into critical topics, and by providing concrete ideas and tools for engaging in this work. It is a beginning, and we hope one that will assist study abroad professionals to think through the ways in which experiential learning influences study abroad learning. Rhoda Borcherding, Pomona College Linda Goff, Marymount University Bill Nolting, University of Michigan Chip Peterson, University of Minnesota Brian Whalen, Dickinson College
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4

Smith, Duane A. "Reviews of Books:To Save the Land and People: A History of Opposition to Surface Coal Mining in Appalachia Chad Montrie." American Historical Review 109, no. 1 (February 2004): 216–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/530242.

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5

Needelman, Howard. "Book Reviews: Neurodevelopmental Disorders: Cognitive/Behavioral Phenotypes, edited by D. Riva, U. Bellugi, and M. B. Denckla. Montrouge, France: John Libbey Eurotext, 2005." Journal of Child Neurology 22, no. 2 (February 2007): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073807300313.

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6

Goudie, A. S. "Book reviews: Coudé-Gaussen, G. 1991: Les poussières sahariennes. Montrouge, France: John Libbey Eurotext. xii + 485 pp. FF 300. ISBN: 0 86196 304 0." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 18, no. 1 (March 1994): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339401800114.

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7

Schubert, Klaus. "Review of Allardt & Starck (1981): Språkgränser och samhällsstruktur. Finlandssvenskarna i ett jämförande perspektiv." Language Problems and Language Planning 9, no. 2 (January 1, 1985): 137–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.9.2.10sch.

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La libro enhavas tri partojn, superrigardan pri etna identeco, unuetnan pri la finn-landaj svedoj kaj detalstudan pri la svedoj de Helsinki, komplete dulingva grupo. In-ternacie plej interesa estas la unua, pli teoria parto, en kiu Allardt zorge kaj detale prezentas la kunefikadon de aro da individuaj kaj grupaj faktoroj, kiuj karakterizas etnan grupon. La klopodojn trovi trafan difinon komplikigas la fakto, ke neniu kriterio validas por ciuj minoritatanoj, kaj ke apenaû iu kriterio estas administre kontrolebla. Allardt komparas la vekigon de etna konscio en la 1970aj jaroj kun la estiganta naciismo en la 19a jarcento kaj montras kiel la etna ekagado koincidas kun generala politika impeto en okcidenta Eûropo. Gi trafas kreskintan pretecon ce la registaroj cedi funda-mentajn rajtojn ankaù al minoritatoj. La studo traktas kiel tio speguligas en la ling-volegoj de diversaj statoj kaj diskutas la du cefajn principojn, kiuj gvidas la konstatadon de bezono je minoritatlingvaj publikaj servoj, la teritorian kaj la personan principojn. La svedlingva libro enhavas valoran materialon por internaciaj komparoj kaj meritas internacian atenton.
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Wirth, Thomas. "Book Review: Making a Living: Work and Environment in the United States. By Chad Montrie. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2008. 192 pp. $17.95 paper." Labor Studies Journal 34, no. 3 (August 28, 2009): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0160449x09341565.

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Leontidou, Lila. "Book Review: Cities and Networks in Europe: A Critical Approach of Polycentrism Nadine Cattan (Ed.), 2007 Montrouge: John Libbey Eurotext 207 pp. 32 euros paperback ISBN 978 2 7420 0677 9 paperback." Urban Studies 46, no. 7 (May 6, 2009): 1515–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00420980090460071105.

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10

Butters, Ronald R. "Review of Cheshire (1982): Variation in an English Dialect: A Sociolinguistic Study & Davis (1983): English Dialectology: An Introduction & Leith (1983): A Social History of English & Lodge (1984): Studies in the Phonology of Colloquial English & Sutcliffe (1982): British Black English." Language Problems and Language Planning 9, no. 3 (January 1, 1985): 215–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.9.3.04but.

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SUMMARY This essay offers a comparative review of five recent sociolinguistic studies. Although each of these texts focuses on some aspect of English—its variation within a particular community, its history, the study of non-standard variants—these works demonstrate the influence on the international linguistic community of Labov's view that language must be investigated within the social context of the community that uses it. Each work is evaluated within this tradition and in light of the contribution the work makes to furthering sociolinguistic research. RESUMO Kelkaj aktualaj tendencoj en socilingvistiko La eseo proponas komparan recenzon de kvin lastatempaj socilingvistikaj studoj. Kvankam ĉiu teksto fokusiĝas je iu aspekto de la angla lingvo—gia variado interne de difinita komunumo, ĝia historio, la studo de nenormaj dialektoj—la verkoj montras la influon ce la internacia lingvistika medio de la vidpunkto de Labov, ke oni devas esplori lingvon interne de la socia kunteksto de la komunumo, kiu gin parolas. Ciun verkon oni aprezas ene de tiu tradicio kaj surbaze de la kontribuo de la verko al antaù-enigo de socilingvistikaj esploroj.
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Hudon, Edward G. "The Supreme Court ofthe United States and the Law of Libel: A Review of Decided Cases." Les Cahiers de droit 20, no. 4 (April 12, 2005): 833–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/042349ar.

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Pendant presque deux cents ans aux États-Unis, le droit du libelle a relevé exclusivement de la common law d'origine anglaise dont les États-Unis ont hérité au moment de la révolution américaine. Quiconque publiait, publiait à ses risques et périls. Selon le système constitutionnel américain à cette époque, toute expression diffamatoire, écrite ou verbale, même sans l'intention de diffamer autrui, était hors de la protection accordée par la constitution à la liberté de parole et de presse. Mais tout cela a changé avec le jugement de la Cour suprême des États-Unis dans New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, décidé en 1964. En effet, ce jugement a déclaré que le droit du libelle selon la common law était, en bonne partie, incompatible avec la protection accordée à la liberté de parole et de presse par le premier amendement à la constitution des États-Unis. Dans le présent article, l'auteur analyse les changements qui ont résulté de New York Times Co. v. Sullivan depuis que ce jugement a été rendu. Il montre comment la Cour suprême elle-même a, de temps à autre, changé son interprétation de ce jugement, explique que ce changement résulte du changement de personnel du tribunal lui-même et prédit qu'il y aura encore plus de changements dans le proche avenir.
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Uhlig, Torsten. "Bridging Worlds or Fusing Horizons? : A Review of Three Recent Collections of Essays on the Pentateuch." European Journal of Theology 28, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 5–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2019.1.002.uhli.

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SummaryReviewing three important recently published volumes on Pentateuch criticism, Torsten Uhlig highlights their merits and limits, evaluates their contribution to the interpretation of the Pentateuch and summarises some of the central issues that Pentateuch studies need to address. Among them, he raises the issue of integrating diachronic studies and narrative approaches. Moreover, while previous evangelical contributions to Pentateuch studies often focused on aspects of unity, Uhlig indicates the merits of acknowledging and integrating the diversities in a narratological approach. He concludes with some hermeneutical reflections that also interrelate with other disciplines of theology.ZusammenfassungTorsten Uhlig stellt drei wichtige kürzlich publizierte Aufsatzsammlungen zur Pentateuchkritik vor und arbeitet ihre Verdienste ebenso wie einige Grenzen heraus. Er bewertet ihren Beitrag für die Interpretation des Pentateuchs und fasst einige zentrale Aufgaben zusammen, die der Behandlung in Studien zum Pentateuch bedürfen. Darunter zählt er die Notwendigkeit der Integration von diachronen und narrativen Ansätzen. Gegenüber früheren evangelikalen Beiträgen zur Interpretation des Pentateuchs, deren vorrangiges Augenmerk auf dessen Einheit lag, weist Uhlig auf die Chancen hin, die Differenzen im Rahmen eines narrativen Ansatzes ernst zu nehmen und zu integrieren. Er beschließt seinen Aufsatz mit einigen hermeneutischen Überlegungen, die auch zu anderen Disziplinen der Theologie in einer wechselseitigen Beziehung stehen.RésuméTorsten Uhlig fait la recension de trois anthologies importantes récemment publiées traitant de la critique du Pentateuque. Il présente leurs mérites et leurs limites, évalue leur contribution à l’interprétation du Pentateuque et résume certaines des questions centrales que les études sur le Pentateuque doivent aborder. Parmi celles-ci, il mentionne le problème de l’intégration des études diachroniques et des approches narratives. En outre, alors que les contributions évangéliques antérieures ont surtout insisté sur des aspects de l’unité, Uhlig montre l’intérêt qu’il y a à reconnaître et intégrer les diversités dans une approche narratologique. Il conclut par quelques réflexions herméneutiques qui ont aussi une portée pour d’autres disciplines théologiques.
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Blanke, Detlev. "Wege zur interlinguistischen und esperantologischen Fachliteratur." Language Problems and Language Planning 20, no. 2 (January 1, 1996): 168–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.20.2.09bla.

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SUMMARY Locating the Scientific Literature on Interlinguistics and Esperanto Studies Interlinguistics and Esperanto studies are still largely neglected in mainstream linguistics. One reason for this is the difficulty experienced by non-specialists in locating the scientific literature in these fields, some 60% of which is written in planned languages (and 90% of the latter in Esperanto). The paper reviews the most important means of keeping abreast the existing and continually evolving literature on interlinguistics and Esperanto studies, through various bibliographic tools (on general linguistics and interlinguistics), through bibliographic services in newsletters, book catalogues, and specialized libraries, and through the Internet. Finally databases of active scientists are mentioned. RESUMO Vojoj al interlingvistika kaj esperantologia fakliteraturo Interlingvistikaj kaj esperantologiaj temoj ankoraŭ malofte vekas la intereson de la establiginta lingvoscienco. Unu el la kaŭzoj estas la malfacila aliro al la faka literaturo por nefakulo, malfacila i.a. pro tio, car cirkau 60% estas verkitaj en planlingvoj (de tio ĉirkaŭ 90% en Esperanto). La studo montras la plej gravajn eblecojn orientigi pri la ekzistanta kaj daüre nove aperanta fakliteraturo interlingvistika kaj esperantologia en diverstipaj bibliografioj (ĝenerallingvistikaj kaj interlingvistikaj), krome en bibliografie orientitaj bultenoj, planlingvaj libro-katalogoj (Esperanto, Interlingua), en fakbibliotekoj kaj en "Internet". Fine mencügas registroverkoj de sciencistoj.
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Lange, Benjamin. "Mosetora und Jahwetora. Das Verhältnis von Deuteronomium 12‐26 zu Exodus, Levitikus und Numeri." European Journal of Theology 29, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2020.1.010.lang.

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SUMMARYKilchör reviews the thesis that in diachronic respect, the Torah of Moses (the Deuteronomic Code in Deuteronomy 12‐26) precedes the Torah of Yahweh (Exodus ‐ Numbers). Nowadays, this assumption dominates Old Testament scholarship. Through a detailed exegetical analysis Kilchör corroborates that an arrangement in which the Deuteronomic Code chronologically follows Exodus to Numbers, corresponding to the canonical sequence of the books, is more plausible.RÉSUMÉKilchör considère la thèse selon laquelle la Torah de Moïse (la loi deutéronomique de Dt 12-26) aurait précédé la Torah yahviste (Exode et Nombres). Cette théorie domine actuellement les études académiques de l’Ancien Testament. Sur la base d’une étude exégétique détaillée, il montre qu’il est bien plus probable que la loi deutéronomique soit postérieure à la rédaction des livres de l’Exode et des Nombres, en accord avec la séquence canonique des livres.ZUSAMMENFASSUNGKilchör überprüft die Annahme, dass in diachroner Hinsicht die Mosetora (das deuteronomische Gesetz in Deuteronomium 12‐26) der Jahwetora (Exodus‐ Numeri) vorausgeht. Diese Annahme dominiert heutzutage in der alttestamentlichen Wissenschaft. Durch eine detaillierte exegetische Untersuchung weist Kilchör nach, dass eine Abfolge, die das deuteronomische Gesetz zeitlich auf Exodus bis Numeri folgen lässt und damit der kanonischen Abfolge der Bücher entspricht, wahrscheinlicher ist.
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Bomhard, Allan R. "The Aspirated Stops of Proto-Indo-European." Diachronica 3, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.3.1.05bom.

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SUMMARY The traditional reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European stop system consists of (1) plain voiceless stops, (2) voiceless aspirates, (3) plain voiced stops, and (4) voiced aspirates. A review of the data from the daughter languages shows that series 1 should be reinterpreted as voiceless and aspirated, series 2 should be completely eliminated, series 3 should be reinterpreted as glottalized, and series 4 should remain unaltered. RÉSUMÉ La reconstruction traditionnelle du s,-stoe occlusif de I'indo-europeen comporte quatre series: (1) Lcs .sourdes simples, (2) !es sourdes aspirees, (3) les sonores siwples, et les sonores aspirees.. Un examen des donnees des dialectes indo-europeens montre que la serie 1 devrait etre reconstruite comme des scurdes aspirees, la serie 2 devrait etre entierement eliminee, la scrie 3 devarit etro reconstruite comme des glottalises, et la serie 4 devrait rester sans modification. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die traditionelle Rekonstruktion des Systems der urindogermani-schen VerschluBlaute besteht aus (1) einfachen stimmlosen Verschlub-lauten, (2) stimmlosen Aspirata, (3) einfachen stimmhaften Verschlub-lauten sowie (4) stimmhaften Aspirata. Eine Untersuchung der Daten der Tochtersprachen jedoch legt nahe, dab die 1. Serie neu interpre-tiert werden sollte, und zwar als stimmlose und aspirierte Laute, daft die 2. ganzlich eliminiert werden konnte, dab die 3. als glottalisierte Laute rekonstruiert werden sollten, wahrend die 4. unverandert bleiben konne.
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Lange, Benjamin. "Mosetora und Jahwetora. Das Verhältnis von Deuteronomium 12–26 zu Exodus, Levitikus und Numeri." European Journal of Theology 29, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/ejt2020.1.010.lang.

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SUMMARY Kilchör reviews the thesis that in diachronic respect, the Torah of Moses (the Deuteronomic Code in Deuteronomy 12–26) precedes the Torah of Yahweh (Exodus – Numbers). Nowadays, this assumption dominates Old Testament scholarship. Through a detailed exegetical analysis Kilchör corroborates that an arrangement in which the Deuteronomic Code chronologically follows Exodus to Numbers, corresponding to the canonical sequence of the books, is more plausible. RÉSUMÉ Kilchör considère la thèse selon laquelle la Torah de Moïse (la loi deutéronomique de Dt 12-26) aurait précédé la Torah yahviste (Exode et Nombres). Cette théorie domine actuellement les études académiques de l’Ancien Testament. Sur la base d’une étude exégétique détaillée, il montre qu’il est bien plus probable que la loi deutéronomique soit postérieure à la rédaction des livres de l’Exode et des Nombres, en accord avec la séquence canonique des livres. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Kilchör überprüft die Annahme, dass in diachroner Hinsicht die Mosetora (das deuteronomische Gesetz in Deuteronomium 12–26) der Jahwetora (Exodus– Numeri) vorausgeht. Diese Annahme dominiert heutzutage in der alttestamentlichen Wissenschaft. Durch eine detaillierte exegetische Untersuchung weist Kilchör nach, dass eine Abfolge, die das deuteronomische Gesetz zeitlich auf Exodus bis Numeri folgen lässt und damit der kanonischen Abfolge der Bücher entspricht, wahrscheinlicher ist.
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El Dib, Regina, Naji J. Touma, and Anil Kapoor. "Review of the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablation for the treatment of small renal masses." Canadian Urological Association Journal 3, no. 2 (April 25, 2013): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.1048.

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Background: Small renal masses are increasingly being discoveredincidentally on imaging performed for another reason. Thestandard of care for these masses involves excision by open orlaparoscopic techniques. Recently, ablative techniques such asradiofrequency ablation (RFA) and cryoablation have taken a moreprominent role in the treatment algorithm for these masses. Wesought to evaluate the efficacy and safety of radiofrequency ablationin the treatment of renal tumours.Methods: We conducted a review of the literature. There was nolanguage restriction. We obtained studies from the followingsources: the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS andCurrent Controlled Trials.Results: We identified no clinical trials in the literature. Thus wedescribed the results from case series and retrospective studieswith a reasonable sample size (number of reported patients in eachstudy > 65). Most patients undergoing RFA had T1a disease witha mean tumour size of about 3 cm. Radiofrequency ablation wasusually performed percutaneously with image guidance. Reportedfollow-up was short and ranged from 1 to 30 months. Most seriesused radiographic response as a surrogate for cancer control. Therates of local recurrence of the tumour were as high as 13.0%(average 8.5%) and were slightly higher than those associated withcryoablation and partial nephrectomy. Complications includedhemorrhage, ureteral strictures and loss of a renal unit.Conclusion: Our review demonstrates that RFA is a suitable andpromising therapy in patients with small renal tumours who areconsidered to be poor candidates for more involved surgery.However, clinical trials with long-term data are needed to establishthe oncological efficacy.Contexte : De petites masses rénales sont de plus en plus souventdécouvertes de façon fortuite lors d’épreuves d’imagerie commandéespour une autre raison. Les soins standard pour ces massesincluent une excision par chirurgie ouverte ou par laparoscopie.Dernièrement, des techniques comme l’ablation par radiofréquence(ARF) et la cryoablation ont pris plus d’importance dans l’algorithmede traitement. Nous examinons l’efficacité et l’innocuité del’ablation par radiofréquence dans le traitement des tumeurs rénales.Méthodologie : Une revue de la littérature a été effectuée, sansrestriction de langue. Des articles ont été obtenus des sources suivantes: la Bibliothèque Cochrane, PUBMED, EMBASE, LILACS etCurrent Controlled Trials.Résultats : Comme aucun essai clinique n’a pu être cerné dans cesbases de données, nous décrivons les résultats d’études de cas etd’analyses rétrospectives avec populations de taille raisonnable(nombre de patients pour chaque étude > 65). La vaste majoritédes patients ayant subi une ARF présentaient une tumeur T1a detaille moyenne d’environ 3 cm. L’ARF était habituellement effectuéepar voie percutanée et guidée par imagerie. Le suivi était court,allant de 1 à 30 mois. La plupart des études sérielles avaient recoursà la réponse radiographique comme paramètre de substitutionde la maîtrise du cancer. Les taux de récidive locale de la tumeuratteignaient 13.0 % (moyenne 8.5%), et étaient en général légèrementplus élevés que les taux notés avec la cryoablation et lanéphrectomie partielle. Les complications signalées étaient les suivantes: hémorragie, sténose urétérale et perte d’une unité rénale.Conclusion : Le présent article montre que l’ARF est une techniqueconvenable et prometteuse chez les patients porteurs depetites tumeurs rénales considérés comme de mauvais candidatspour une intervention plus lourde. Cependant, il est impératifd’effectuer des essais cliniques à long terme afin d’établir dans unavenir rapproché l’efficacité oncologique de cette technique.
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Audefroy, Joël. "Vivienda y ayuda humanitaria. Los antecedentes de las acciones frente a los desastres." Revista Trace, no. 56 (July 9, 2018): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.56.2009.396.

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La ayuda humanitaria llevada a cabo después de los desastres no es un fenómeno reciente. Si bien las acciones de las grandes agencias humanitarias internacionales son conocidas, tales como las de la Cruz Roja Internacional, OXFAM y CARITAS Internacional entre otras, lo que es menos conocido, es el origen de las propuestas de los arquitectos sobre el tema del hábitat de emergencia y la reconstrucción. De hecho, si revisamos el tema con un corte histórico, observamos que las propuestas han estado bastante ligadas a corrientes y movimientos de la arquitectura sobre todo a partir del siglo XX. Este trabajo presenta los antecedentes de la participación de los arquitectos en el diseño de propuestas para emergencia y reconstrucción después de desastres y presenta algunas experiencias recientes en la región mesoamericana en Guatemala, El Salvador y México. Este trabajo muestra que las propuestas de reconstrucción de tipo participativo y utilizando procesos de ayuda mutua han sido mucho más exitosas que las experiencias masivas promovidas verticalmente por los gobiernos sin ninguna participación social.Abstract: The post-disaster humanitarian aid is not a new phenomenon. Although the actions of the great international humanitarian agencies are known, such as those of the International Red Cross, OXFAM and CARITAS International among others, which is less well-known, is the origin of the proposals of the architects on emergency shelter and reconstruction issues. In fact, if we review the subject from a historical cut, we may observe that the proposals have been linked to current movements of XXth century architecture mainly. This approach focuses on the antecedents of the architect’s participation in the design of proposals for post-disasters emergency and reconstruction and presents some recent experiences in the Mesoamerican region in Guatemala, El Salvador and Mexico. This paper suggests that the participating and mutual aid reconstruction processes has been much more successful than massive and vertical experiences promoted by governments without any social participation.Résumé : L’aide humanitaire fournie après les désastres n’est pas un phénomène récent. Si sont bien connues les actions des grandes agences humanitaires internationales telles que la Croix Rouge internationale, OXFAM et CARITAS International, entre autres, ce qui est moins connu, c’est l’origine des propositions des architectes sur les thèmes de l’habitat d’urgence et la reconstruction. En fait, si nous révisons le sujet dans une perspective historique, nous pouvons observer que les propositions ont été très liées aux mouvements de l’architecture surtout à partir du XXe siècle. Ce travail présente les antécédents de la participation des architectes dans la conception de propositions pour l’habitat d’urgence et la reconstruction après les désastres et montre quelques exemples récents dans la région mésoaméricaine au Guatemala, au Salvador et au Mexique. Ce travail montre que les propositions de reconstruction participatives et d’aide mutuelle ont été beaucoup plus satisfaisantes que les expériences massives et verticales des gouvernements réalisées sans aucune participation sociale.
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Bories, André. "Mise au point sur la dépollution et la valorisation énergétique des déchets et sous-produits de distilleries par fermentation méthanique." OENO One 19, no. 2 (June 30, 1985): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/oeno-one.1985.19.2.1317.

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<p style="text-align: justify;">La fermentation méthanique s'est rapidement implantée dans le secteur agroalimentaire pour le traitement et la valorisation énergétique des effluents.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Une revue bibliographique fait le point sur les nouvelles technologies de fermentation qui ont considérablement évoluées. L'état de l'art de la méthanisation dans ce domaine industriel est également présenté.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">L'industrie viti-vinicole (distilleries), par les fortes charges organiques émises en distillation et ses besoins énergétiques, est doublement concernée par la méthanisation. L'analyse de la faisabilité biologique et du potentiel énergétique à partir des divers résidus liquides (vinasses) et solides (marc) montre l'efficacité de la méthanisation en dépollution (80-90 p. 100 de la DCO) et souligne l'intérêt de la production de méthane qui peut couvrir près de la moitié de l'énergie consommée par la distillation.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The methane fermentation has been fastly developed in agricultural and food industries for wastes treatment and energy production.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">A bibliographic review takes stock of new fermentation technologies which have made important progress. The present state of the anaerobic plants in the agro-industrial field is also presented.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">Wine distilleries, by there high organic strength wastes and energy needs for distillation, are doubly concerned by anaerobic digestion. The biological feasability and the energy potential analysis from liquid (stillages) and solid (pomace) wastes show the efficiency for purification (COD eliminated : 80-90 p. 100) and the interest of methane production which represents about half of distillation energy consumption.</p>
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Li, Quan. "To Prosecute or Not to Prosecute, That is the Question: Agency Litigation under the Influence of Appellate Courts." Canadian Journal of Political Science 45, no. 1 (March 2012): 185–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423911000953.

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Abstract. This article examines how institutional uncertainty within the US federal circuit courts influences regulatory agencies' enforcement choices of prosecution or non-prosecution. I argue that the circuits' random assignment of judges and cases creates institutional uncertainty in terms of variation in each circuit's possible rulings with respect to the bureaucracy's policy position. This, in turn, affects agencies' probability of prosecution because the high degree of uncertainty will discourage prosecution, given its cost. In other words, agencies reduce their exposure to judicial review by avoiding prosecution. I use ideological variance within the circuits as a proxy for measuring the circuit courts' internal group dynamics. Large ideological variance indicates high institutional uncertainty and consequently leads to fewer numbers of prosecutions by the bureaucracy. The empirical results based on the prosecution record of the Antitrust Division of the Department of Justice from 1950 to 1994 strongly support the theory.Résumé. L'article analyse comment l'imprévisibilité des décisions judiciaires au niveau des cours d'appel fédérales de circuit influence les décisions par les agences publiques de poursuivre les contrevenants à la règlementation. Je montre que l'attribution des juges et des causes par loterie crée de l'incertitude quant à l'issue des poursuites. L'incertitude réduit la probabilité que les agences publiques entament des poursuites judiciaires étant donné le coût élevé de celles-ci. En d'autres termes, les agences publiques atténuent l'implémentation de la règlementation par crainte de perdre devant des tribunaux imprévisibles. J'utilise une mesure de variance idéologique pour quantifier la dynamique de groupe à l'intérieur des circuits judiciaires. Une grande variance idéologique signifie un résultat incertain et mène à un nombre réduit de poursuites initiées par les agences publiques. Les données empiriques, provenant des registres de la Division Anti-trust du Ministère de la Justice des États-Unis pour la période s'étendant de 1950 à 1994, soutiennent fortement la théorie.
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Scholtz, Christa. "Federalism and Policy Change: An Analytic Narrative of Indigenous Land Rights Policy in Australia (1966–1978)." Canadian Journal of Political Science 46, no. 2 (June 2013): 397–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423913000437.

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Abstract. The paper argues that a direct causal role for federalism must link policy makers' actions to costs and uncertainties unique to federalism, those associated with maintaining jurisdictional autonomy. The paper develops a formal model of imperfect information between two government actors, one preferring policy change and the other the status quo. A government chooses to change policy (or not) in a context where two things are uncertain: the stomach for intergovernmental retaliation, and the jurisdictional bona fides of the government in the policy area. The model shows how policy change is endogenous to beliefs about whom courts will support during federalism review. The model is then used in a detailed analysis of Australian cabinet archives at the state and Commonwealth levels, pertaining to the issue of Indigenous land rights policy between 1966 and 1978.Résumé. Le présent document soutient qu'un rôle causal direct du fédéralisme doit lier les actions des décideurs aux coûts et aux incertitudes uniques du fédéralisme : ceux associés au maintien de l'autonomie juridictionnelle. Dans cet article, je développe un modèle formel d'information imparfaite entre deux acteurs gouvernementaux, l'un préférant un changement de politique et l'autre le statu quo. Un gouvernement choisit de changer (ou non) une politique dans un contexte où deux éléments sont incertains : la propension à entrer dans des représailles intergouvernementales, et la bonne foi juridictionnelle du gouvernement dans le domaine en question. Le modèle montre que le changement de politique est endogène avec la perception de qui les tribunaux soutiendront dans un jugement de partage des compétences. Le modèle est ensuite utilisé pour analyser en détail les archives du Cabinet australien au niveau des états et du Commonwealth, relativement à la question des droits territoriaux autochtones entre 1966 et 1978.
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Stafford, F. "Review article. The Stirling/South Carolina research edition of the collected works of James Hogg. Douglas S Mack(ed). Vol 1, The shepherd's Calendar. Douglas S Mack(ed). Vol 2, The Three Perils of Women. David Groves, Antony Hasler, Douglas S Mack(eds). Vol 3, A Queer Book. Peter Garside(ed). Vol 4, Tales of the Wars of Montrolse. G Hughes(ed)." Review of English Studies 50, no. 197 (February 1, 1999): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/res/50.197.66.

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Maas, Heinz Dieter. "Review of Papeaaij (1986): Word Expert Semantics: An Interlingual Knowledge-based Approach & Schubert (1987): Metata.xis: Contrastive Dependency Syntax for Machine Translation & Papegaaij & Schubert (1988): Text Coherence in Translation & Maxwell, Schubert & Witkam (1988): New Directions in Machine Translation: Conference Proceedings, Budapest 18–19 August 1988 & Sadler (1989): Working with Analogical Semantics: Disambiguation Techniques in DLT & Maxwell & Schubert (1989): Metataxis in Practice: Dependency Syntax for Multilingual Machine Translation." Language Problems and Language Planning 15, no. 1 (January 1, 1991): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/lplp.15.1.05maa.

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SUMMARY Studies in Machine Translation: The Distributed Language Translation Series The Distributed Language Translation series consists to date of six volumes. Volume 1 provides an introductory overview of the fundamental problems of Machine Translation and describes the Semantic Word Expert System used in the DLT prototype. Volume 2 describes the grammar model for syntax and for structural transfer in DLT. Volume 3 discusses the surface forms and mechanisms of text coherence and suggests some approaches to solutions for MT. Volume 4 (conference proceedings) covers a cross-section of MT topics, extending beyond the DLT system and including a number of its competitors. Volume 5 presents a completely new technology for corpus-based MT, and volume 6 illustrates the syntax model proposed in volume 2 by means of a collection of syntaxes and transfer rule systems for languages of widely differing types. RESUMO Studoj pri perkomputila tradukado: la serio Distributed Language Translation La serio Distributed Language Translation ampleksas gis nun ses volumojn. Volume* 1 donas enkondukan superrigardon pri centraj problemoj de perkomputila tradukado kaj traktas la semant ikan vortekspertan sistemon de la DLT-prototipo. Volumo 2 priskribas la gramatikan modelon por sintakso kaj struktura traduko en DLT. Volumo 3 diskutas fenomenojn kaj mekanismojn de la kohero de tekstoj kaj skizas eblecojn realigi ilin en perkomputila tradukado. Volumo 4 estas konferenca prelegaro kun gamo da problemaroj el la kampo de perkomputila tradukado. Gi transiras la sistemon DLT kaj inkluzivas konkurantajn metodojn. Volumo 5 montras tute novan teknikon de perkomputila tradukado surbaze de scio el tekstokolektoj. Volumo 6 ilustras la sintaksan modelon el volumo 2 per aro da sintaksoj kaj traduksintaksoj por kelkaj tipologie malsamspecaj lingvoj.
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Cano Castellanos, Ingreet Juliet. "Frontera, neoliberalización y marginalización en el sureste de la Selva Lacandona / Border, neoliberalization and marginalization in the southeast of the Lacandon Forest." Revista Trace, no. 80 (July 30, 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22134/trace.80.2021.785.

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Marqués de Comillas, en el sureste de la Selva Lacandona, es una región de frontera configurada a través de la superposición de distintos procesos económicos y políticos, con consecuencias sociales y ambientales que persisten hasta la actualidad. En el artículo se examinan los desfases entre frontera extractiva, agraria, petrolera, ecológica y de soberanía nacional que han caracterizado la región, desde finales del siglo XIX hasta la actualidad. A través de esta revisión histórica y con base en un trabajo de campo de carácter etnográfico, la actual confluencia de acciones de conservación y de plantaciones de palma de aceite en la región es analizada. Además de proponer entenderlas como dos formas distintas de neoliberalización de los entornos biofísicos, evidenciamos que la conservación y las plantaciones se despliegan como procesos económico-políticos que se ignoran mutuamente. Bajo este contexto, la degradación ambiental y la marginalización social, lejos de detenerse, se reproducen.Abstract: Marqués de Comillas, in the south-east of the Lacandona Forest, is a border region configured by the superposition of different economic and political processes, with social and environmental consequences that persist to this day. The article examines the gaps and misalignments between the extractive, agrarian, petroleum, ecological and national borders that have characterized the region from the end of the 19th century to the present day. Through this historical review and on the basis of ethnographic fieldwork, the current confluence of conservation actions and oil palm plantations in the region is analyzed. In addition to proposing to understand them as two different forms of neoliberalization of biophysical environments, we show that conservation and plantations are deployed as economic-political processes that ignore each other. In this context, environmental degradation and social marginalization, far from stopping, recur. Keywords: oil palm; conservation; neoliberalization; extractivism; border.Résumé : Marqués de Comillas, au sud-est de la Forêt Lacandona, est une région frontalière configurée par la superposition de différents processus économiques et politiques, avec des conséquences sociales et environnementales qui persistent à ce jour. L’article examine les écarts entre les frontières extractive, agraire, pétrolière, écologique et de souveraineté nationale qui ont caractérisé la région, de la fin du XIXe siècle à nos jours. À travers cette révision historique et sur la base d’un travail ethnographique de terrain, la confluence actuelle des actions de conservation et des plantations de palmier à huile dans la région est analysée. En plus de proposer de les comprendre comme deux formes différentes de néolibéralisation des milieux biophysiques, nous montrons que la conservation et les plantations sont déployées comme des processus économico-politiques qui s’ignorent. Dans ce contexte, la dégradation de l’environnement et la marginalisation sociale, loin de s’arrêter, se reproduisent.Mots-clés : palmier à huile ; conservation ; néolibéralisation ; extractivisme ; frontière.
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Ajala, A. O., S. I. Ogunjimi, O. S. Famuwagun, and A. T. Adebimpe. "Poultry production in Nigeria: exploiting its potentials for rural youth empowerment and entrepreneurship." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 48, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v48i1.2890.

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Sustainable rural development cannot occur without rural youth empowerment for entrepreneurship. In the face of the current staggering level of youth unemployment in Nigeria, there is the obvious need to seek for ways of empowering the youth for sustainable development. Poultry keeping stands as resource that can generate employment for millions of Nigerian youths in rural and peri-urban areas as entrepreneurs, skilled and unskilled workers. This paper through a review of literature examined the importance of poultry and explored how it can be exploited as a panacea for youth unemployment through entrepreneurship. It explores the potentials of it and shows the way the potentials of poultry can be harnessed for all youth empowerment programmes. It recommended that government, big farms, international and national corporations, should be involved in youth empowerment programmes through youth entrepreneurship in poultry production. Banks and other financial institutions should be mandated to assist the youth with soft loans in cash and kind through the provision of poultry infrastructure so as to make poultry farming attractive to the youth. A well-funded poultry extension advisory service need to be established to ensure the sustainability of the youth empowerment/ entrepreneurship poultry programmes across the country. Le développement rural durable ne peut que se faire sans l'autonomisation des jeunes ruraux pour l'esprit d'entreprise. Face au niveau actuel stupéfiant de chômage des jeunes au Nigéria, il est évident qu'il est nécessaire de chercher des moyens d'autonomiser les jeunes pour le développement durable. L'élevage de volailles est une ressource qui peut générer des emplois pour des millions de jeunes Nigérians dans les zones rurales et périurbaines en tant qu'entrepreneurs, travailleurs qualifiés et non qualifiés. Cet article, à travers un examen de la littérature, a examiné l'importance de la volaille et exploré comment elle peut être exploitée comme panacée pour le chômage des jeunes par l'entrepreneuriat. Il explore les potentiels de celui-ci et montre comment les potentiels de la volaille peuvent être exploités pour tous les programmes d'autonomisation des jeunes. Il a recommandé que le gouvernement, les grandes exploitations agricoles, les entreprises internationales et nationales participent à des programmes d'autonomisation des jeunes par l'entrepreneuriat des jeunes dans la production avicole. Les banques et autres institutions financières devraient avoir pour mandat d'aider les jeunes avec des prêts à taux doux en espèces et en nature par la fourniture d'infrastructures avicoles afin de rendre l'élevage avicole attrayant pour les jeunes. Un service consultatif bien financé de vulgarisation de la volaille doit être mis en place pour assurer la durabilité des programmes d'autonomisation des jeunes et d'entrepreneuriat de la volaille dans tout le pays.
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Amat, Philippe, and Éric Tran Lu Y. "Apport de la rééducation myofonctionnelle orofaciale au traitement du syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil : une revue systématique de la littérature." L'Orthodontie Française 90, no. 3-4 (September 2019): 343–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/orthodfr/2019035.

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Introduction : Le syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil (SAOS) est une affection très répandue et insuffisamment diagnostiquée, ce qui en fait un problème majeur de santé publique et de sécurité. La rééducation myofonctionnelle orofaciale (RMO) a été montrée efficace dans le traitement multidisciplinaire des SAOS de l’enfant, de l’adolescent et de l’adulte et elle est prescrite à plusieurs étapes de ces prises en charge. Objectifs : L’objectif principal de cette revue systématique de la littérature était d’évaluer l’efficacité de la rééducation myofonctionnelle orofaciale (RMO), active ou passive, dans le traitement du syndrome d’apnées obstructives du sommeil chez les enfants, les adolescents et les adultes. Matériel et méthodes : La revue systématique de la littérature fut entreprise à partir des trois bases de données électroniques : Medline (via PubMed),Cochrane Library, Web of Science Core Collection, et complétée par une recherche limitée de la littérature grise (Google Scholar) afin d’identifier les études évaluant l’efficacité de la RMO sur le SAOS. Le critère de jugement principal était une diminution de l’indice d’apnées/hypopnées (IHA) d’au moins cinq épisodes par heure par rapport à l’état initial. Les critères de jugement secondaires étaient une amélioration de la qualité subjective du sommeil, de la qualité du sommeil mesurée par polysomnographie nocturne et de la qualité de vie mesurée subjectivement. Résultats : Seulement dix études répondaient à tous les critères d’inclusion. Huit étaient des essais cliniques contrôlés randomisés, une était une étude de cohorte prospective et une autre était une étude de cohorte rétrospective. Six études étaient consacrées au SAOS de l’adulte et quatre au SAOS pédiatrique. Toutes les études incluses ont été évaluées à « faible risque de biais » d’après les douze critères de risque de biais du Cochrane Back Review Group. D’après les données probantes disponibles, la RMO permet une réduction significative de l’IAH, jusqu’à 90,6 % chez l’enfant et jusqu’à 92,06 % chez l’adulte. Elle permet une diminution significative de l’intensité et de la fréquence du ronflement, participe à une réduction de la somnolence diurne, limite la réapparition des symptômes d’apnée obstructive du sommeil (AOS) après adénoamygdalectomie chez l’enfant et améliore l’adhésion au traitement par ventilation en pression positive continue (PPC). La RMO passive, avec l’assistance apportée au patient par le port d’une orthèse sur mesure à bille, augmente l’observance à la rééducation, permet une réduction significative de l’intensité du ronflement, de l’IAH et un accroissement significatif des voies aérifères supérieures. Conclusions : Les données publiées montrent que la rééducation myofonctionnelle orofaciale est efficace dans les traitements multidisciplinaires des SAOS de l’enfant, de l’adolescent et de l’adulte et devrait être largement prescrite à plusieurs étapes de ces prises en charge. La RMO passive, avec l’orthèse d’avancée mandibulaire à bille conçue par Michèle Hervy-Auboiron, aide à pallier les fréquents défauts d’observance observés lors des traitements par RMO active.
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Paterson, Donald H., Gareth R. Jones, and Charles L. Rice. "Le vieillissement et l’activité physique : données sur lesquelles fonder des recommandations relatives à l’exercice à l’intention des adultes âgésCet article est tiré d’un supplément intitulé Advancing physical activity measurement and guidelines in Canada: a scientific review and evidence-based foundation for the future of Canadian physical activity guidelines (Favoriser les lignes directrices et la mesure de l’activité physique au Canada: examen scientifique et justification selon les données probantes pour l’avenir des lignes directrices de l’activité physique canadienne) publié par Physiologie appliquée, nutrition et métabolisme et la Revue canadienne de santé publique. On peut aussi mentionner Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 32 (Suppl. 2F) ou Can. J. Public Health 98 (Suppl. 2)." Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism 32, S2F (December 2007): S75—S121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/h07-165.

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De nombreuses études épidémiologiques confirment les bienfaits procurés par l’activité physique en ce qui concerne la diminution du risque de maladie associée à l’âge et de la mortalité quelle qu’en soit la cause. L’analyse de la littérature scientifique centrée sur les caractéristiques principales (intensité, type, quantité) montre que la quantité nécessaire d’activité physique est celle qui améliore la condition cardiorespiratoire, la force musculaire, la puissance et, indirectement, l’équilibre. L’appauvrissement de ces fonctions avec l’âge entraîne des limitations physiques qui conditionnent les activités fonctionnelles journalières. En revanche, un programme d’activité physique peut atténuer ces pertes, évitant ainsi aux personnes âgées (plus de 65 ans) de traverser le seuil de l’incapacité physique. Les études transversales et longitudinales révèlent un lien entre la condition cardiorespiratoire et la capacité fonctionnelle et l’autonomie ; la force musculaire et par surcroît, la puissance musculaire, permettent d’accomplir plus efficacement les activités de tous les jours ; l’équilibre dynamique en combinaison avec la puissance musculaire forment un ensemble de prévention contre les chutes. D’après les études sur les programmes d’intervention, les personnes âgées peuvent améliorer leurs capacités fonctionnelles car elles possèdent la capacité d’adaptation à l’entraînement physique. Les quelques études qui ont analysé les quantités minimale et optimale d’activité physique indiquent qu’il faut faire des exercices dans les plages d’intensité modérée à vigoureuse si on veut atteindre et préserver les gains résultant de la pratique régulière. Par conséquent, on devrait prescrire des activités physiques en spécifiant le type d’activité qui améliorera les variables organiques associées au maintien de la capacité fonctionnelle et de l’autonomie et, de ce fait, on repoussera la maladie et la mort. Une bonne recommandation concernant l’exercice physique chez les personnes âgées devrait inclure des activités cardiorespiratoires modérément vigoureuses (la marche rapide), un entraînement à la force et à la puissance pour la préservation de la masse musculaire et de la capacité de travail de groupes musculaires choisis et des exercices d’équilibre et d’étirement au besoin.
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Chaves Teixeira, Ana Claudia. "TRAJETÓRIAS DO IDEÁRIO PARTICIPATIVO NO BRASIL." Caderno CRH 33 (July 27, 2020): 020002. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v33i0.33834.

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<p class="Corpo">Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar as mudanças na trajetória dos ideários participativos. Baseado em pesquisa documental e revisão bibliográfica, o texto aponta como, no Brasil, algumas visões sobre a democracia participativa ganharam e outras perderam força. Se nos anos 1970 havia uma forte presença de concepções que afirmavam a importância de utilizar o espaço participativo como forma de organização da sociedade (nos sindicatos, nos movimentos populares e no próprio partido) e de educação para cidadania, o que denominamos aqui como “participação como emancipação”, ao longo do tempo esta visão perdeu força. E passaram a entrar nos argumentos políticos visões da participação como forma de apoiar os governos, de um lado, e de fiscalizar o Estado, de outro, que denominamos aqui como “participação como deliberação”. Já durante o governo petista foi se consolidando uma visão de participação “como escuta”.</p><p class="Corpo"> </p><p class="Corpo">TRAJECTORY OF PARTICIPATORY IDEALS IN BRAZIL</p><p class="Corpo">This article aims to present the changes in the trajectory of participatory ideals. Based on documentary research and bibliographical review, the text points out how, in Brazil, some views on participatory democracy “won” and others “lost force”. If in the 1970s there was a strong presence of conceptions that affirmed the importance of using participatory space as a form of organization of society (in unions, popular movements and in the party itself) and education for citizenship, what we call here as “participation as emancipation”, over time this vision has lost strength. Political views began to enter into the views of participation as a way to support governments on the one hand and to oversee the state, on the other, which we refer to here as “participation as deliberation”. Already during the PT government, a vision of participation “as a listener” was consolidated.</p><p class="Corpo">Keywords: Participatory democracy, Participation, Participatory institutions.</p><p class="Corpo"> </p><p class="Corpo">TRAJECTOIRE DES PARTICIPATIVE IDÉES AU BRÉSIL</p><p class="Corpo">Cet article vise à présenter les changements dans la trajectoire des participative idées. Basé sur des recherches documentaires et sur une revue de la littérature, le texte montre comment, au Brésil, certains points de vue sur la démocratie participative ont gagné et d’autres ont perdu de leur force dans le temps. Si, dans les années 1970, il existait une forte présence de conceptions de la « participation comme émancipation », affirmant l’importance d’utiliser l’espace participatif comme forme d’organisation de la société (dans les syndicats, les mouvements populaires et le parti) et l’éducation à la citoyenneté, cette vision a perdu de sa vigueur avec le temps. Des visions politiques de la participation ont émergé dans le discours comme moyen de soutenir les gouvernements, d’une part, et de surveiller l’État, d’autre part, ce que nous appelons ici “participation en tant que délibération”. Pendant le gouvernement petista, une vision de la participation “en tant qu’écoute” s’est par ailleurs dévelopée et consolidée.</p><p class="Corpo">Mots clés: Démocratie participative, Participation, Institutions participatives.</p>
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Milton, Jack, Renaud Fortuner, and Jim Diederich. "Genisys and computer-assisted identification of nematodes." Nematology 2, no. 1 (2000): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854100508863.

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AbstractIdentification of species for the study of biodiversity in the phylum Nemata is defined as being able to identify any of the 12 000 described species of nematodes, and being able to recognise when the specimen under study belongs to a species unknown to science. Moreover, this large-scale identification must be done by biologists who are not expert taxonomists. It is argued that printed identification aids are too rigid and unreliable, and molecular identification aid is too limited, to be used in this context. Only computer identification tools are flexible, reliable, and general enough to give a non-taxonomist the possibility to identify any species. However, a review of existing tools and approaches shows that they fall short of reaching this objective. The functionality of a general identification system that could overcome the problems and difficulties encountered in the use of computerised tools is then described. This system (which has been described by the authors in several articles under the name of Genisys) would include a general database with all the characters from all the published descriptions of nematodes species and a set of integrated identification tools. Some of these tools would export the data into formats usable by existing identification and systematics tools. Other tools would have to be developed to support new approaches. A guidance tool would help the non-expert user by suggesting the successive computerised tools to be used during an identification session or by directing the user to other approaches, such as molecular identification in the case of heteroderids or some Meloidogyne species. L’identification des espèces pour l’étude de la biodiversité dans le phylum Nemata est définie comme la possibilité d’identifier n’importe laquelle des 12 000 espèces décrites du groupe et d’être capable de reconnaître que le spécimen étudié appartient à une espèce non encore décrite. En outre, ce type d’identification à grande échelle doit pouvoir être pratiqué par des biologistes qui ne sont pas des taxinomistes. Il est montré que les aides imprimées à l’identification sont trop rigides et trop peu fiables et que l’identification moléculaire est encore de portée trop limitée pour être utilisables dans ce contexte. Seuls les outils d’identification assistée par ordinateur sont suffisamment flexibles, fiables et généraux pour permettre à un non taxinomiste d’accomplir les identifications définies plus haut. Pourtant, une revue des outils existants et des approches utilisées montre qu’ils sont incapables d’atteindre l’objectif fixé. La fonctionnalité d’un système d’identification général capable de résoudre les problèmes soulevés par l’utilisation d’outils informatisés est ensuite décrite. Ce système (décrit par les auteurs du présent article sous le nom de Genisys) doit comprendre une base de données avec tous les caractères inclus dans les descriptions publiées des espèces connues et un ensemble d’outils d’identification intégrés. L’un de ces outils devrait permettre d’exporter les données sous des formats utilisables par les outils existants d’identification et de systématique. D’autres outils devraient être développés pour mettre en œuvre de nouvelles approches. Un outil de guidage aiderait le non-spécialiste en lui suggérant les outils informatiques à utiliser successivement dans le cadre d’une session d’identification ou en le dirigeant vers d’autres approches telles que l’identification moléculaire dans le cas de certains Hétérodérides et d’espèces de Meloidogyne.
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Nicholls, Jim, and J. Kelly Russell. "Igneous Rock Associations 20. Pearce Element Ratio Diagrams: Linking Geochemical Data to Magmatic Processes." Geoscience Canada 43, no. 2 (May 18, 2016): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2016.43.095.

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It has been nearly fifty years since Tom Pearce devised a type of element ratio diagram that isolates the effects of crystal fractionation and accumulation (sorting) hidden in the chemistry of a suite of igneous rocks. Here, we review the guiding principles and methods supporting the Pearce element ratio paradigm and provide worked examples with data from the Mauna Ulu lava flows (erupted 1970–1971, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii). Construction of Pearce element ratio diagrams requires minimum data; a single rock analysis can suffice. The remaining data test the model. If the data fit the model, then the model is accepted as a plausible or likely explanation for the observed chemical variations. If the data do not fit, the model is rejected. Successful applications of Pearce element ratios require the presence and identification of conserved elements; elements that remain in the melt during the processes causing the chemical diversity. Conserved elements are identified through a priori knowledge of the physical-chemical behaviour of the elements in rock-forming processes, plots of weight percentages of pairs of oxides against each other, or by constant ratios of two elements. Three kinds of Pearce element ratio diagrams comprise a model: conserved element, assemblage test, and phase discrimination diagrams. The axial ratios for Pearce ratio diagrams are combinations of elements chosen on the basis of the chemical stoichiometry embedded in the model. Matrix algebra, operating on mineral formulae and analyses, is used to calculate the axis ratios. Models are verified by substituting element numbers from mineral formulae into the ratios. Different intercepts of trends on Pearce element ratio diagrams distinguish different magma batches and, by inference, different melting events. We show that the Mauna Ulu magmas derive from two distinct batches, modified by sorting of olivine, clinopyroxene, plagioclase and, possibly, orthopyroxene (unobserved).RÉSUMÉIl y a près de cinquante ans Tom Pearce a conçu un genre de diagramme de ratio d’éléments qui permet d’isoler les effets de la cristallisation fractionnée et de l'accumulation cristalline (tri) au sein de la chimie d'une suite de roches ignées. Dans le présent article, nous passons en revue les principes et les méthodes étayant le paradigme de ratio d’éléments de Pearce, et présentons des exemples pratiques à partir de données provenant de coulées de lave du Mauna Ulu (éruption 1970–1971 du volcan Kilauea, Hawaii). La confection des diagrammes de ratio d’éléments de Pearce requière un minimum de données; une seule analyse de roche peut suffire. Les données restantes servent à tester le modèle. Si les données sont conformes au modèle, alors le modèle est accepté comme explication plausible ou probable des variations chimiques observées. Si les données ne correspondent pas, le modèle est rejeté. Les applications réussies des ratios d’éléments de Pearce requièrent la présence et l'identification d’éléments conservés; éléments qui demeurent dans la masse fondue au cours des processus causant la diversité chimique. Les éléments conservés sont identifiés par la connaissance a priori du comportement physico-chimique des éléments dans les processus de formation des roches, le positionnement sur la courbe des pourcentages pondérés de pairs d'oxydes les uns contre les autres, ou par des ratios constants de deux éléments. Trois types de diagrammes de Pearce de ratio d’éléments constituent un modèle: élément conservé, test d'assemblage, et diagrammes de phase discriminant. Les ratios axiaux pour les diagrammes de ratio d’éléments de Pearce sont des combinaisons d'éléments choisis sur la base de la stœchiométrie inhérente au modèle. L’algèbre matricielle, appliquée à des formules minérales et à des analyses, est utilisée pour calculer les ratios axiaux. Les modèles sont vérifiés en utilisant les nombres d’élément des formules minérales dans les ratios. Différentes intersections dans les diagrammes de ratios d’éléments de Pearce distinguent différents lots de magma et, par inférence, différentes coulées. Nous montrons que les magmas de Mauna Ulu proviennent de deux lots distincts, modifiés par l’extraction de l'olivine, de clinopyroxène, de plagioclase et, éventuellement, orthopyroxène (non observé).
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Musto, Marcello. "OS MANUSCRITOS ECONOMICO-FILOSÓFICOS DE 1844 DE KARL MARX: dificuldades para publicação e interpretações críticas." Caderno CRH 32, no. 86 (November 4, 2019): 399. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/ccrh.v32i86.25803.

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<div><p class="trans-title"><span>Os Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos de 1844 constituem um dos escritos de Karl Marx mais célebres e difundidos em todo o mundo. Todavia, este texto, tão debatido e tão presente nos debates marxistas permaneceu desconhecido por muito tempo. As leituras instrumentais, que um e outro grupo fizeram sobre os Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos de 1844, são um claro exemplo de como a obra de Marx tenha sido constantemente objeto de conflitos teórico-políticos. Para melhor evidenciar tal realidade, o segundo e o terceiro parágrafo deste artigo reconstroem as dificuldades editoriais ligadas à sua publicação. Os parágrafos quarto, quinto e sexto apresentam, no entanto, uma breve resenha. Uma análise filológica dos Manuscritos econômico-filosóficos de 1844 foi desenvolvida no sétimo e oitavo parágrafos, tendo por base a nova edição históricocrítica MEGA. Na conclusão, segue uma tabela que reconstrói a cronologia da elaboração dos manuscritos e dos cadernos de extratos do período.</span></p><p class="trans-title"> </p><p class="trans-title"><strong>THE ECONOMIC AND PHILOSOPHIC MANUSCRIPTS OF 1844 BY KARL MARX: publishing difficulties and critical interpretations</strong></p><p>The Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 constitute one of Karl Marx’s most renowned and widespread writings worldwide. However, this much debated and present in the Marxist debates’ text, remained unknown for a long time. The instrumental readings which different groups made on the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 are a clear example of how Marx’s work was constantly the object of theoretical-political conflict. To better highlight this reality, the second and third paragraphs of this article reconstruct the editorial difficulties associated with its publication. The fourth, fifth and sixth paragraphs, however, provide a brief review. A philological analysis of the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844 based on the new historical-critical MEGA edition was developed in the seventh and eighth paragraphs. In the conclusion, follows a table that reconstructs the chronology of the elaboration of the manuscripts and notebooks of excerpts of the period.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>EPM of 1844; Young Marx; Marxism; Alienation; MEGA</p><p class="trans-title"> </p></div><div><p class="trans-title"><strong>LES MANUSCRITS ÉCONOMICO-PHILOSOPHIQUES DE KARL MARX DE 1844: Les difficultés pour l’édition et les interprétations critiques</strong></p><p>Les manuscrits économico-philosophiques de 1844 constituent l’un des écrits les plus célèbres et les plus répandus de Karl Marx dans le monde. Ce texte si controversé et si présent dans les débats marxistes est cependant resté longtemps méconnu. La compréhension des textes des Manuscrits économico-philosophiques de 1844, réalisée par l’un ou l’autre groupe, montre bien la manière dont les travaux de Marx ont constamment fait l’objet de conflits théorico-politiques. Pour mieux souligner cette réalité les deuxième et troisième paragraphes de cet article reconstituent les difficultés de rédaction liées à la publication de son œuvre. Les quatrième, cinquième et sixième paragraphes en présentent toutefois un bref aperçu. Une analyse philologique des Manuscrits économico-philosophiques de 1844 est présentée dans les septième et huitième paragraphes sur la base de la nouvelle édition historique et critique MEGA. Dans la conclusion un tableau reconstruit la chronologie de l’élaboration des manuscrits et des cahiers d’extraits de la période.</p><p><strong>Key words: </strong>Manuscrits économico-philosophiques de 1844; le jeune Marx; Aliénation; MEGA</p><p class="trans-title"><strong><br /></strong></p></div>
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Cunha, Ana Luiza Salgado, Aida Victoria Garcia Montrone, and Glauber Barros Alves Costa. "(Des)encontros da extensão universitária com a educação popular na Universidade Federal de São Carlos (Encounters and mismatches of university extension with popular education at the Federal University of São Carlos)." Revista Eletrônica de Educação 14 (September 9, 2020): 3951126. http://dx.doi.org/10.14244/198271993951.

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This article aims to describe and understand extension experiences and their (dis) encounters with Popular Education in a public University, from the perspective of extension project coordinators. It consisted of a qualitative-descriptive research, in which we used documentary and bibliographic review and semi-structured interviews. We dialogue with coordinators (s) in the form of interviews, analyzed by Content Analysis. One of the most significant results obtained was the fact that experience in University Extension can promote formative spaces at the University. Still, the results indicate a complexity of definitions of Extension, result of the historical-social process and; indicate Popular Education as educational praxis that legitimizes people's knowledge. It was possible to apprehend educational processes consolidated in extensionist praxis, such as the search for other conceptions of the world, of knowing and living, as well as the resistance within dominant university logic, problematizing what the University is for.ResumoEste artigo objetiva descrever e compreender experiências extensionistas e seus (des)encontros com a Educação Popular numa Universidade pública, sob a ótica de coordenadoras(es) de projetos extensionistas. Constituiu-se de uma pesquisa de cunho qualitativo-descritivo, para a qual utilizamos revisão documental e bibliográfica e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. Dialogamos com coordenadoras(es) por meio de entrevistas analisadas pela Análise de Conteúdo. Um dos mais expressivos resultados obtidos foi a constatação de que experiência na Extensão Universitária pode promover espaços formativos na Universidade. Ainda, os resultados apontam uma complexidade de definições de Extensão, resultado do processo histórico-social e indicam a Educação Popular como práxis educativa que legitima saberes do povo. Foi possível apreender processos educativos consolidados nas práxis extensionistas, como a busca por outras concepções de mundo, de saber e de viver, bem como a resistência dentro de uma lógica universitária dominante, problematizando para que(m) serve a Universidade.Palavras-chave: Processos educativos, Extensão universitária, Educação popular.Keywords: Educational processes, University extension, Popular education.ReferencesARAÚJO-OLIVERA, S. S.. Exterioridade. O outro como critério. In: OLIVEIRA, M. W.; SOUSA, F. R. (orgs.). Processos Educativos em práticas sociais. Pesquisas em educação. São Carlos: EduFSCar, 2014.BARDIN, L. Análise de conteúdo. Lisboa: Edições 70, 1977.BEZERRA, P. Polifonia. In: Brait, Beth (Org.). Bakhtin: conceitos-chave. Rio de Janeiro: Contexto, 2005.BRANDÃO, C. R.; ASSUMPÇÃO, Raiane. Cultura Rebelde – escritos sobre a educação popular de ontem e agora. São Paulo: Editora e Livraria Instituto Paulo Freire, 2009.CASTRO, L. M. C. A universidade, a extensão universitária e a produção de conhecimentos emancipadores: ainda existem utopias realistas. UFB: Rio de Janeiro, 2004 (tese de doutorado).CUNHA, A. L. S. A experiência como prática formativa de estudantes na Extensão Universitária. Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade Federal de Viçosa, março de 2013.DARON, V. A educação popular e saúde como referencial para nossas práticas na saúde. In: BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde. Secretaria de Gestão estratégica e Participativa. II Cadernos de Educação Popular em Saúde. Brasília: Ministério da Saúde. 2011, p. 123-146.DUSSEL, E. 1492: o encobrimento do outro – a origem do mito da modernidade. São Paulo: Vozes, 1993.DUSSEL, E. Oito ensaios sobre cultura latino-americana e libertação. São Paulo: Paulinas, 1997.DUSSEL, E. Transmodernidad e interculturalidad (interpretación desde la filosofia de la libertación). México City: UAM, 2005.DUSSEL, E. Ética da libertação na idade da globalização e da exclusão. 2ª edição. Petrópolis: Vozes, 2003.DUSSEL, E. A pedagógica latino-americana (a Antropológica II). In: DUSSEL, E. Para uma ética da libertação latino americana III: erótica e pedagógica. São Paulo: Loyola; Piracicaba: UNIMEP, s/d, p.153-281, 2001.DUSSEL, E. 20 teses de política. São Paulo: Expressão Popular, 2007.FAGUNDES, J. Universidade e Compromisso Social. Extensão, limites e perspectivas. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas. 170p. (Tese de Doutorado), 1985.FIORI, J. L. Educação e Política. Textos escolhidos. Volume 2. 2. Ed. Porto Alegre: Editora da UFRGS, 2014.FREIRE, P. Considerações em torno do ato crítico de estudar. In: FREIRE, P. Ação Cultural para a Liberdade e outros escritos. 6. ed. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1982, p. 9-12.FREIRE, P. Pedagogia da Autonomia: saberes necessários à prática educativa. 3 ed. São Paulo: Paz e Terra. 1997.GURGEL, M. R. Extensão Universitária: Comunicação ou Domesticação? São Paulo: Cortez, Universidade Federal do Ceará, 1986.JARA, O. H.; FALKEMBACH, M. F. Educação Popular e sistematização de experiências. In: STRECK; ESTEBAN, M. T. (orgs). Educação Popular: lugar de construção social coletiva. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 2013.JOSSO, M. C. Experiências de Vida e Formação. São Paulo: Cortez, 2004.MEJÍA, M. R. Educação e pedagogias críticas a partir do sul: cartografias da educação popular. São Carlos: Pedro e João Editores, 2018.MINAYO, M. C. de S. Ciência, técnica e arte: o desafio da pesquisa social. In: MINAYO, M. C. de S.; DESLANDES, O. C. N.; GOMES, R. (Org.). Pesquisa social: teoria, método e criatividade. 21. ed. Petrópolis, RJ: Vozes, 1994, p. 9-29.OLIVEIRA, M. W.; GONÇALVES E SILVA, P. B.; GONÇALVES JUNIOR, L.; MONTRONE, A. V. G.; JOLY, I. Processos educativos em práticas sociais. Reflexões teóricas e metodológicas sobre a pesquisa educacional em espaços sociais. In: OLIVEIRA, M. W.; SOUSA, F. R. (orgs.). Processos Educativos em práticas sociais. Pesquisas em educação. São Carlos: EduFSCar. 2014.SANTOS, B. S. A Universidade do Século XXI: para uma reforma democrática e emancipatória da Universidade. 3.ed. Questões da Nossa Época. V.11. São Paulo: Cortez, 2010.SANTOS, B. S. Para um novo senso comum: a ciência, o direito e a política na transição paradigmática. V.1. A crítica da razão indolente – Contra o desperdício da experiência. 7. ed. – São Paulo: Cortez, 2009.SANTOS, B. S. Pela Mão de Alice – o social e o político na pós-modernidade. São Paulo: Cortez, 2001.SOUSA, A. L. A História da Extensão Universitária. Campinas: Alínea, 2010.TUTTMAN, M. T. Compromisso social da universidade: olhares da extensão. Rio de Janeiro, 2004.VÁZQUEZ, A. S. Filosofia da práxis. 2 ed. Rio de Janeiro: Paz e Terra, 1977.e3951126
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McLelland, James M., Bruce W. Selleck, and Marion E. Bickford. "Tectonic Evolution of the Adirondack Mountains and Grenville Orogen Inliers within the USA." Geoscience Canada 40, no. 4 (December 20, 2013): 318. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2013.40.022.

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Recent investigations in geochronology and tectonics provide important new insights into the evolution of the Grenville Orogen in North America. Here, we summarize results of this research in the USA and focus upon ca. 1.4–0.98 Ga occurrences extending from the Adirondack Mountains to the southern Appalachians and Texas. Recent geochronology (mainly by U/Pb SHRIMP) establishes that these widely separated regions experienced similar tectonomagmatic events, i.e., the Elzevirian (ca. 1.25–1.22 Ga), Shawinigan (ca. 1.2–1.14 Ga), and Grenvillian (ca. 1.09–0.98 Ga) orogenies and associated plate interactions. Notwithstanding these commonalities, Nd model ages and Pb isotopic mapping has revealed important differences that are best explained by the existence of contrasting compositions of deep crustal reservoirs beneath the Adirondacks and the southern Appalachians. The isotopic compositions for the Adirondacks lie on the same Pb–Pb array as those for the Grenville Province, the Granite-Rhyolite Province and the Grenvillian inliers of Texas suggesting that they all developed on Laurentian crust. On the other hand, data from the southern Appalachians are similar to those of the Sunsas Terrane in Brazil and suggest that Amazonian crust with these Pb–Pb characteristics was thrust onto eastern Laurentia during its Grenvillian collision with Amazonia and subsequently transferred to the latter during the late Neoproterozoic breakup of the supercontinent, Rodinia, and the formation of the Iapetus Ocean. The ca. 1.3–1.0 Ga Grenville Orogen is also exposed in the Llano Uplift of Texas and in small inliers in west Texas and northeast Mexico. The Llano Uplift contains evidence for a major collision with a southern continent at ca. 1.15–1.12 Ga (Kalahari Craton?), magmatic arcs, and back-arc and foreland basins, all of which are reviewed. The Grenvillian Orogeny is considered to be the culminating tectonic event that terminated approximately 500 m.y. of continental margin growth along southeastern Laurentia by accretion, continental margin arc magmatism, and metamorphism. Accordingly, we briefly review the tectonic and magmatic histories of these Paleoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic pre-Grenvillian orogens, i.e., Penokean, Yavapai, and Mazatzal as well as the Granite-Rhyolite Province and discuss their ~5000 km transcontinental span.SOMMAIREDes recherches récentes en géochronologie et en tectonique révèlent d’importants faits nouveaux sur l’évolution de l’orogénie de Grenville en Amérique du Nord. Nous présentons ici un sommaire des résultats de cet effort de recherche aux USA en mettant l’accent sur les indices datés entre env. 1,4 et 0,98 Ga, à partir des monts Adirondack jusqu’au sud des Appalaches et au Texas. Des données géochronologiques récentes (par microsonde SHRIMP principalement) indiquent que les roches de ces régions très éloignées les unes des autres ont subies l’effet d’épisodes tectonomagmatiques similaires, par exemple, aux orogenèses de l’Elzévirien (env. 1.25–1.22 Ga), de Shawinigan (env. 1.2–1.14 Ga), et du Grenvillien (env. 1.09–0.98 Ga), ainsi que des interactions des plaques associées. Malgré ces points communs, la chronologie Nd et la cartographie isotopique Pb a révélé des différences importantes qui s’expliquent plus aisément par des compositions contrastées des réservoirs profonds de croûte sous les Adirondacks et le sud des Appalaches. Les compositions isotopiques des Adirondacks sont de la même gamme Pb-Pb que ceux de la Province de Grenville, de la Province Granite-rhyolite et des boutonnières grenvilliennes du Texas, suggérant qu'ils se sont tous développées sur la croûte des Laurentides. Par ailleurs, les données des Appalaches du sud sont semblables à celles du terrane de Sunsas au Brésil, ce qui incite à penser que la croûte amazonienne, avec de telles caractéristiques Pb-Pb, a été poussée sur la portion est de Laurentia lors de sa collision grenvillienne avec l’Amazonie puis laissée à cette dernière au cours de la rupture du supercontinent Rodinia vers la fin du Néoprotérozoïque, avec la formation de l'océan Iapetus. L’orogène de Grenville (1,3 à 1,0 Ga env.) est également exposé dans le soulèvement de Llano au Texas et dans de petites boutonnières dans l'ouest du Texas et le nord du Mexique. Le soulèvement de Llano montre des indices d'une collision majeure avec un continent au sud, entre env. 1,15 et 1,12 Ga (craton de Kalahari?), des zones d’arcs magmatiques, d'arrière-arc et de bassin d'avant-pays, chacun étant présenté ci-dessous. L'orogenèse de Grenville est considéré comme l'événement tectonique culminant qui marqué la fin d’une période d’environ 500 ma d’accroissement de la marge continentale le long de la bordure sud-est de la Laurentie, par accrétion, magmatisme d’arc de marge continentale, et métamorphisme. C’est pourquoi, nous passons brièvement en revue l'histoire tectonique et magmatique de ces orogènes pré-grenvilliennes paléoprotérozoïques et mésoprotérozoïques, pénokéenne, de Yavapai, et de Mazatzal ainsi que la Province de Granite-rhyolite, et discutons de son étendue sur env. 5 000 km.
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McLaughlin, Steven A., and Patrick E. McKinney. "Antacid-Induced Hypermagnesemia in a Patient with Normal Renal Function and Bowel Obstruction." Annals of Pharmacotherapy 32, no. 3 (March 1998): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1345/aph.17284.

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OBJECTIVE: To report a case of severe hypermagnesemia caused by magnesium hydroxide in a woman with normal renal function. CASE SUMMARY: A 42-year-old Hispanic woman with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder was transported from jail to the emergency department with confusion, abdominal pain, vomiting, and constipation. She had been treated in jail with magnesium hydroxide, ordered as milk of magnesia 30 mL po each night and Maalox 30 mL po three times daily. Additional medications included lithium carbonate 300 mg po three times daily, chlorpromazine 150 mg po three times daily, benztropine mesylate 1 mg po twice daily, and docusate sodium 100 mg po each morning. Her temperature was 35.1 °C, blood pressure 108/58 mm Hg, heart rate 112 beats/min, and respiratory rate 24 breaths/min. She would respond only briefly to voice or painful stimuli. Her abdomen was distended and diffusely tender. Laboratory tests included serum magnesium concentration 9.1 mEq/L (normal 1.3–2), blood urea nitrogen 16 mg/dL (8–22), creatinine 0.9 mg/dL (0.5–1.1), calcium 3.9 mEq/L (4.2–5.2), and lithium 1.0 mEq/L. A laparotomy was performed, and an adhesive band from a previous oophorectomy was found to be compressing the sigmoid colon. Hypermagnesemia, hypothermia, and hypotension continued in the intensive care unit. Despite successful treatment of the hypermagnesemia with calcium, intravenous fluids, and furosemide, the patient's cardiac rhythm degenerated into fatal, pulseless electrical activity on postoperative day 2. DISCUSSION: This case of severe hypermagnesemia from magnesium hydroxide ingestion illustrates many of the risk factors for hypermagnesemia in patients with normal renal function. People using magnesium-containing medications for relief of gastrointestinal distress may be at increased risk for hypermagnesemia. A brief review of magnesium physiology, clinical effects, and treatment is provided. Frequent use of the laboratory to identify hypermagnesemia is encouraged because it is often a clinically unexpected finding and responds well to early treatment. OBJETIVO: Describir el caso de hipermagnesemia severa en una mujer de 42 años con función renal normal luego de la ingestión de hidróxido de magnesio. RESUMEN DEL CASO: Una paciente de 42 años de edad con historial de esquizofrenia y desorden afectivo bipolar se presenta a sala de emergencia con confusión, dolor abdominal, vómito y estreñimiento. La paciente, que estab a encarcelada, había estado recibiendo hidróxido de magnesio ordenado como “MOM 30 mL po qhs y Maalox 30 mL po tid.” Otros medicamentos concurrentes incluían carbonato de litio 300 mg po tid, clorpromazina 150 mg po tid, mesilato de benztropina 1 mg po bid, y docusato sódico 100 mg po qam. Su temperatura al momento de la visita a sala de emergencia fue 35.1 °C, presión sanguínea 108/58 mm Hg, pulso 112/min, y frecuencia respiratoria 24/min. La paciente se despertaba sólo brevemente en respuesta a voz o dolor. Su abdomen estaba distendido y difusamente doloroso a la palpación. Los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio revelaron un magnesio sérico de 9.1 mEq/L (normal 1.3–2). BUN 16 mg/dL (8–22), creatinina 0.9 mg/dL (0.5–1.1), calci 3.9 mEq/L (4.2–5.2) y litio 1.0 mEq/L. Al realizar una laparotomía se encontró una banda adhesiva de una ooferectomía previa que estaba comprimiendo el colon sigmoide. Su estadía en la unidad de cuidado intensivo se complicó debido a hipermagnesemia, hipotermia, e hipotensión. A pesar de tratar exitosamente la hipermagnesemia con calcio, líquidos intravenosos, y furosemida al segundo día post-operatorio su ritmo cardiaco degeneró en una actividad eléctrica sin pulso fatal. DISCUSIÓN: Este caso de hipermagnesemia severa luego de ingestión de hidróxido de magnesio ilustra muchos de los riesgos de hipermagnesemia severa luego de ingestión de hidróxido de magnesio ilustra muchos de los riesgos de hipermagnesemia en pacientes con función renal normal. Pacientes que utilizan medicamentos que contienen magnesio para el alivio de problemas gastrointestinales pueden estar a mayor riesgo de hipermagnesemia. Se provee un breve repaso de la fisiología de magnesio, efectos clínicos, y el tratamiento. Se recomienda el uso frecuente de pruebas de laboratorio para identificar la hipermagnesemia debido a que frecuentemente es un hallazgo clínico inesperado y responde bien al tratamiento temprano. OBJECTIF: Décrire un cas d'hypermagnésémie sévère suite à l'ingestion d'hydroxyde de magnésium chez une femme de 42 ans ayant une fonction rénale normale. RÉSUMÉ DU CAS: Une femme de 42 ans, souffrant de schizophrénie et d'un trouble affectif bipolaire, a été amenée à l'urbence d'un hôpital et présentait de la confusion, des douleurs abdominales, des vomissements, et de la constipation. Elle a reçu, en prison, de l'hydroxyde de magnésium à raison de 30 mL 4 fois par jour. Elle recevait aussi du carbonate de lithium à raison de 300 mg 3 fois par jour, du chlorpromazine à raison de 150 mg 3 fois par jour, du mésylate de benzotropine à raison de 1 mg 2 fois par jour, et finalement du docusate de sodium 100 mg le matin. Sa température corporelle était de 35.1 °C, sa tension artérielle 108/58 mm Hg, son pouls 112 par minute et son rythme respiratoire 24 par minute. La patiente, à l'urgence, s'éveillait pour de courtes périodes à cause de la douleur ou lorsqu'on lui parlait. Son abdomen était distendu et tendre. Les tests de laboratoire ont donnée les résultats suivants: magnésémie 9.1 mEq/L (n = 1.3–2), azote uréique 16 mg/dL (8–22), créatininémie 0.9 mg/dL (0.5–1.1), calcémie 3.9 mEq/L (4.2–5.2), et lithiémie 1.0 mEq/L. Lors de la laparotomie, une bande adhésive d'une oophorectomie antérieure a été trouvée et comprimait le côlon sigmoïde. Aux soins intensifs, elle a présenté de l'hypermagnésémie, de l'hypothermie et de l'hypotension. Malgré un traitement réussi de l'hypermagnésémie avec du calcium, des liquides intraveineux et du furosémide, son rythme cardiaque a dégéneré jusqu'à l'absence d'activité électrique lors du deuxième jour post-opératoire, ce qui a causé la mort de cette femme. DISCUSSION: Ce cas d'hypermagnésémie sévère, suite à l'ingestion d'hydroxyde de magnésium, montre plusieurs des facteurs de risque d'hypermagnésémie chez des patients présentant une fonction rénale normale. Les personnes qui utilisent des médicaments contenant du magnésium pour le soulagement de troubles gastrointestinaux peuvent être plus à risque de développer de l'hypermagnésémie. Une brève revue de la physiologie du magnésium, de ses effets cliniques et du traitement est faite. L'utilisation fréquente de tests de laboratoire pour diagnostiquer l'hypermagnésémie est encouragée, car cette situation est souvent non prévue, mais répond bien au traitement.
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35

Masko, Meganne K. "Music Therapy Handbook by Barbara Wheeler." Music and Medicine 8, no. 1 (January 31, 2016): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v8i1.455.

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Rich with case material, this ground breaking volume provides a comprehensive overview of music therapy, from basic concepts to emerging clinical approaches. Experts review psychodynamic, humanistic, cognitive-behavioural, and developmental foundations and describe major techniques, including the Nordoff-Robbins model and the Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music. An expansive section on clinical applications examines music therapy with children and adults, as well as its recognized role in medical settings. Topics include autism spectrum disorder, school interventions, brain injury, and trauma. An authoritative resource for music therapists, the book also shows how music can be used by other mental health and medical professionals. The companion website features audio downloads illustrative of the Nordoff-Robbins model.FrenchManuel de Musicothérapie par Handbook par Barbara Wheeler Meganne K. Masko1 1Université du Dakota du nord.Livre : 607 pages | Editeur: The Guilford Press, (January 19, 2015) | Langue: Anglais | ISBN-10: 1462518036 | ISBN-13: 9781462518036 Riche en études de cas, ce volume innovant offre un aperçu complet de la musicothérapie, depuis les concepts de base jusqu’aux approches cliniques émergentes. Des experts y examinent les bases des approches psychodynamiques, humanistes, cognitivo-comportementales, et développementales et y décrivent les techniques principales, incluant le modèle Nordoff-Robbins et la “Bonny Method of Guided Imagery and Music”. Une grande partie consacrée aux applications cliniques examine la musicothérapie auprès des enfants et des adultes, ainsi que de son rôle reconnu dans le cadre médical. Les thèmes traités incluent les troubles du spectre autistique, les interventions en milieu scolaire, la lésion cérébrale et le traumatisme. Ce livre, qui fait référence pour les musicothérapeutes, montre également comment la musique peut être utilisée par d’autres professionnels médicaux et de la santé mentale. Le site web qui accompagne l’ouvrage propose des enregistrements audio téléchargeables illustrant le modèle Nordoff-Robbins.Mots clés : développement par le chant, développement de l’enfant, musicothérapie, lésion cérébrale chez l’enfant.GermanHandbuch MusiktherapieZusammenfassung:Mit reichem Fallmaterial ausgestattet, vermittelt dieser umfangreiche Band einen umfassenden Überblick über Musiktherapie, von Basiskonzepten bis zu klinischen Anwendungen. Experten besprechen psychodynamische, humanistische, kognitiv-behaviorale und entwicklungsbezogene Grundlagen und beschreiben die wichtigsten Techniken, inklusive Nordoff-Robbins und BGIM. Einen breiten Abschnitt nehmen die klinischen Anwendungsbereiche von Musiktherapie mit Kindern und Erwachsenen ein, ebenso ihre anerkannte Rolle in medizinischen Bereichen. Weitere Schwerpunkte sind Autismus Spectrum Disorder, Interventionen im schulischen Bereich, Hirnverletzungen und Trauma. Als eine maßgebende Quelle für Musiktherapeuten zeigt diese Buch auch, wie Musiktherapie auch von anderen Professionellen im Gesundheitsbereich und in der Medizin genutzt werden kann. Die begleitende Website zeigt audio- downloads, die die Nordoff-Robbins-Methode veranschaulichen. Keywords: Stimmentwicklung Entwicklung in der Kindheit, Musiktherapie Hirnverletzungen bei Kindern.Japanese要約この革新的でボリューム豊かな書物は、多くの実例とともに、基礎的な概念から最新の臨床アプローチまで幅広い領域をカバーし、音楽療法を包括的に概観している。各専門家たちは、精神力動的、人間主敵、認知行動的、そして発達的な理論を通覧し、ノードフ・ロビンズモデルやボニーメソッドによる音楽とイメージ誘導法(GIM)を含む需要な臨床技法を解説している。臨床的応用について論じている充実した項では、児童および成人対象の音楽療法について検証され、また医療現場で認知されている音楽療法の役割についても記述されている。これらのトピックには、自閉症スペクトラム障害、教育現場での介入、脳挫傷そしてトラウマなどが含まれている。本書は、音楽療法士にとって専門的なリソースを提供するだけでなく、他の精神保健や医療従事者がいかに音楽を活用することができるかについても解説している。連携するウェブサイトがあり、ノードフ・ロビンズ音楽療法モデルの音源をダウンロードすることができる。キーワード: 歌の発達、児童期の発達、音楽療法、児童期の脳挫傷Chinese擁有豐富的案例,這本突破性的音樂治療手冊從基礎概念到新興臨床方法,對音樂治療做了全面性的介紹。 書中除了透過專家回顧心理動力、人本、認知行為以及發展等理論基礎外,亦闡述幾種主要的音樂治療技術,包括諾朵夫-羅賓斯模式(Nordoff-Robbins model)及音樂引導意象的邦妮方法(Bonny Method)。書中特闢一個段落著墨於兒童及成人音樂治療在臨床應用的檢驗,以及音樂治療在醫療場域公認的角色。主題包括對自閉症的處遇,學校介入,腦傷與創傷。本書除了可作為音樂治療師權威性的資源索引外,亦可讓心理健康及醫療專業人員參考如何在這些領域中使用音樂。此外,用以說明諾朵夫-羅賓斯模式的音樂檔案在相關網站內可供下載。 SpanishCon un rico contenido en material de casos, este innovador volumen provee una visión global con respecto a la musicoterapia, desde los conceptos básicos hasta las aproximaciones clínicas emergentes. Un grupo de expertos revisa los fundamentos psicodinámicos, humanistas, cognitivo-conductuales y del desarrollo, así como se describe las principales técnicas, incluyendo el modelo Nordoff-Robins y el Método Bonny de Imagen Guiada y Música. Una extensa sección con respecto a las aplicaciones clínicas examina a la musicoterapia con niños y adultos, así como su reconocido rol en el campo médico. Los temas incluyen el trastorno del espectro autista, intervenciones en colegios, lesión cerebral, y trauma. Este libro es un recurso esencial para musicoterapeutas, muestra como la música puede ser empleada por otros profesionales de la salud mental así como del campo médico. Incluye una web complementaria que cuenta con descargas de audio que ilustran el modelo Nordoff-Robbins.
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36

Kirkpatrick, Helen Beryl, Jennifer Brasch, Jacky Chan, and Shaminderjot Singh Kang. "A Narrative Web-Based Study of Reasons To Go On Living after a Suicide Attempt: Positive Impacts of the Mental Health System." Journal of Mental Health and Addiction Nursing 1, no. 1 (February 15, 2017): e3-e9. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/jmhan.v1i1.10.

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Background and Objective: Suicide attempts are 10-20X more common than completed suicide and an important risk factor for death by suicide, yet most people who attempt suicide do not die by suicide. The process of recovering after a suicide attempt has not been well studied. The Reasons to go on Living (RTGOL) Project, a narrative web-based study, focuses on experiences of people who have attempted suicide and made the decision to go on living, a process not well studied. Narrative research is ideally suited to understanding personal experiences critical to recovery following a suicide attempt, including the transition to a state of hopefulness. Voices from people with lived experience can help us plan and conceptualize this work. This paper reports on a secondary research question of the larger study: what stories do participants tell of the positive role/impact of the mental health system. Material and Methods: A website created for The RTGOL Project (www.thereasons.ca) enabled participants to anonymously submit a story about their suicide attempt and recovery, a process which enabled participation from a large and diverse group of participants. The only direction given was “if you have made a suicide attempt or seriously considered suicide and now want to go on living, we want to hear from you.” The unstructured narrative format allowed participants to describe their experiences in their own words, to include and emphasize what they considered important. Over 5 years, data analysis occurred in several phases over the course of the study, resulting in the identification of data that were inputted into an Excel file. This analysis used stories where participants described positive involvement with the mental health system (50 stories). Results: Several participants reflected on experiences many years previous, providing the privilege of learning how their life unfolded, what made a difference. Over a five-year period, 50 of 226 stories identified positive experiences with mental health care with sufficient details to allow analysis, and are the focus of this paper. There were a range of suicidal behaviours in these 50 stories, from suicidal ideation only to medically severe suicide attempts. Most described one or more suicide attempts. Three themes identified included: 1) trust and relationship with a health care professional, 2) the role of friends and family and friends, and 3) a wide range of services. Conclusion: Stories open a window into the experiences of the period after a suicide attempt. This study allowed for an understanding of how mental health professionals might help individuals who have attempted suicide write a different story, a life-affirming story. The stories that participants shared offer some understanding of “how” to provide support at a most-needed critical juncture for people as they interact with health care providers, including immediately after a suicide attempt. Results of this study reinforce that just one caring professional can make a tremendous difference to a person who has survived a suicide attempt. Key Words: web-based; suicide; suicide attempt; mental health system; narrative research Word Count: 478 Introduction My Third (or fourth) Suicide AttemptI laid in the back of the ambulance, the snow of too many doses of ativan dissolving on my tongue.They hadn't even cared enough about meto put someone in the back with me,and so, frustrated,I'd swallowed all the pills I had with me— not enough to do what I wanted it to right then,but more than enough to knock me out for a good 14 hours.I remember very little after that;benzodiazepines like ativan commonly cause pre- and post-amnesia, says Google helpfullyI wake up in a locked rooma woman manically drawing on the windows with crayonsthe colors of light through the glassdiffused into rainbows of joy scattered about the roomas if she were coloring on us all,all of the tattered remnants of humanity in a psych wardmade into a brittle mosaic, a quilt of many hues, a Technicolor dreamcoatand I thoughtI am so glad to be able to see this. (Story 187)The nurse opening that door will have a lasting impact on how this story unfolds and on this person’s life. Each year, almost one million people die from suicide, approximately one death every 40 seconds. Suicide attempts are much more frequent, with up to an estimated 20 attempts for every death by suicide.1 Suicide-related behaviours range from suicidal ideation and self-injury to death by suicide. We are unable to directly study those who die by suicide, but effective intervention after a suicide attempt could reduce the risk of subsequent death by suicide. Near-fatal suicide attempts have been used to explore the boundary with completed suicides. Findings indicated that violent suicide attempters and serious attempters (seriousness of the medical consequences to define near-fatal attempts) were more likely to make repeated, and higher lethality suicide attempts.2 In a case-control study, the medically severe suicide attempts group (78 participants), epidemiologically very similar to those who complete suicide, had significantly higher communication difficulties; the risk for death by suicide multiplied if accompanied by feelings of isolation and alienation.3 Most research in suicidology has been quantitative, focusing almost exclusively on identifying factors that may be predictive of suicidal behaviours, and on explanation rather than understanding.4 Qualitative research, focusing on the lived experiences of individuals who have attempted suicide, may provide a better understanding of how to respond in empathic and helpful ways to prevent future attempts and death by suicide.4,5 Fitzpatrick6 advocates for narrative research as a valuable qualitative method in suicide research, enabling people to construct and make sense of the experiences and their world, and imbue it with meaning. A review of qualitative studies examining the experiences of recovering from or living with suicidal ideation identified 5 interconnected themes: suffering, struggle, connection, turning points, and coping.7 Several additional qualitative studies about attempted suicide have been reported in the literature. Participants have included patients hospitalized for attempting suicide8, and/or suicidal ideation,9 out-patients following a suicide attempt and their caregivers,10 veterans with serious mental illness and at least one hospitalization for a suicide attempt or imminent suicide plan.11 Relationships were a consistent theme in these studies. Interpersonal relationships and an empathic environment were perceived as therapeutic and protective, enabling the expression of thoughts and self-understanding.8 Given the connection to relationship issues, the authors suggested it may be helpful to provide support for the relatives of patients who have attempted suicide. A sheltered, friendly environment and support systems, which included caring by family and friends, and treatment by mental health professionals, helped the suicidal healing process.10 Receiving empathic care led to positive changes and an increased level of insight; just one caring professional could make a tremendous difference.11 Kraft and colleagues9 concluded with the importance of hearing directly from those who are suicidal in order to help them, that only when we understand, “why suicide”, can we help with an alternative, “why life?” In a grounded theory study about help-seeking for self-injury, Long and colleagues12 identified that self-injury was not the problem for their participants, but a panacea, even if temporary, to painful life experiences. Participant narratives reflected a complex journey for those who self-injured: their wish when help-seeking was identified by the theme “to be treated like a person”. There has also been a focus on the role and potential impact of psychiatric/mental health nursing. Through interviews with experienced in-patient nurses, Carlen and Bengtsson13 identified the need to see suicidal patients as subjective human beings with unique experiences. This mirrors research with patients, which concluded that the interaction with personnel who are devoted, hope-mediating and committed may be crucial to a patient’s desire to continue living.14 Interviews with individuals who received mental health care for a suicidal crisis following a serious attempt led to the development of a theory for psychiatric nurses with the central variable, reconnecting the person with humanity across 3 phases: reflecting an image of humanity, guiding the individual back to humanity, and learning to live.15 Other research has identified important roles for nurses working with patients who have attempted suicide by enabling the expression of thoughts and developing self-understanding8, helping to see things differently and reconnecting with others,10 assisting the person in finding meaning from their experience to turn their lives around, and maintain/and develop positive connections with others.16 However, one literature review identified that negative attitudes toward self-harm were common among nurses, with more positive attitudes among mental health nurses than general nurses. The authors concluded that education, both reflective and interactive, could have a positive impact.17 This paper is one part of a larger web-based narrative study, the Reasons to go on Living Project (RTGOL), that seeks to understand the transition from making a suicide attempt to choosing life. When invited to tell their stories anonymously online, what information would people share about their suicide attempts? This paper reports on a secondary research question of the larger study: what stories do participants tell of the positive role/impact of the mental health system. The focus on the positive impact reflects an appreciative inquiry approach which can promote better practice.18 Methods Design and Sample A website created for The RTGOL Project (www.thereasons.ca) enabled participants to anonymously submit a story about their suicide attempt and recovery. Participants were required to read and agree with a consent form before being able to submit their story through a text box or by uploading a file. No demographic information was requested. Text submissions were embedded into an email and sent to an account created for the Project without collecting information about the IP address or other identifying information. The content of the website was reviewed by legal counsel before posting, and the study was approved by the local Research Ethics Board. Stories were collected for 5 years (July 2008-June 2013). The RTGOL Project enabled participation by a large, diverse audience, at their own convenience of time and location, providing they had computer access. The unstructured narrative format allowed participants to describe their experiences in their own words, to include and emphasize what they considered important. Of the 226 submissions to the website, 112 described involvement at some level with the mental health system, and 50 provided sufficient detail about positive experiences with mental health care to permit analysis. There were a range of suicidal behaviours in these 50 stories: 8 described suicidal ideation only; 9 met the criteria of medically severe suicide attempts3; 33 described one or more suicide attempts. For most participants, the last attempt had been some years in the past, even decades, prior to writing. Results Stories of positive experiences with mental health care described the idea of a door opening, a turning point, or helping the person to see their situation differently. Themes identified were: (1) relationship and trust with a Health Care Professional (HCP), (2) the role of family and friends (limited to in-hospital experiences), and (3) the opportunity to access a range of services. The many reflective submissions of experiences told many years after the suicide attempt(s) speaks to the lasting impact of the experience for that individual. Trust and Relationship with a Health Care Professional A trusting relationship with a health professional helped participants to see things in a different way, a more hopeful way and over time. “In that time of crisis, she never talked down to me, kept her promises, didn't panic, didn't give up, and she kept believing in me. I guess I essentially borrowed the hope that she had for me until I found hope for myself.” (Story# 35) My doctor has worked extensively with me. I now realize that this is what will keep me alive. To be able to feel in my heart that my doctor does care about me and truly wants to see me get better.” (Story 34). The writer in Story 150 was a nurse, an honours graduate. The 20 years following graduation included depression, hospitalizations and many suicide attempts. “One day after supper I took an entire bottle of prescription pills, then rode away on my bike. They found me late that night unconscious in a downtown park. My heart threatened to stop in the ICU.” Then later, “I finally found a person who was able to connect with me and help me climb out of the pit I was in. I asked her if anyone as sick as me could get better, and she said, “Yes”, she had seen it happen. Those were the words I had been waiting to hear! I quickly became very motivated to get better. I felt heard and like I had just found a big sister, a guide to help me figure out how to live in the world. This person was a nurse who worked as a trauma therapist.” At the time when the story was submitted, the writer was applying to a graduate program. Role of Family and Friends Several participants described being affected by their family’s response to their suicide attempt. Realizing the impact on their family and friends was, for some, a turning point. The writer in Story 20 told of experiences more than 30 years prior to the writing. She described her family of origin as “truly dysfunctional,” and she suffered from episodes of depression and hospitalization during her teen years. Following the birth of her second child, and many family difficulties, “It was at this point that I became suicidal.” She made a decision to kill herself by jumping off the balcony (6 stories). “At the very last second as I hung onto the railing of the balcony. I did not want to die but it was too late. I landed on the parking lot pavement.” She wrote that the pain was indescribable, due to many broken bones. “The physical pain can be unbearable. Then you get to see the pain and horror in the eyes of someone you love and who loves you. Many people suggested to my husband that he should leave me in the hospital, go on with life and forget about me. During the process of recovery in the hospital, my husband was with me every day…With the help of psychiatrists and a later hospitalization, I was actually diagnosed as bipolar…Since 1983, I have been taking lithium and have never had a recurrence of suicidal thoughts or for that matter any kind of depression.” The writer in Story 62 suffered childhood sexual abuse. When she came forward with it, she felt she was not heard. Self-harm on a regular basis was followed by “numerous overdoses trying to end my life.” Overdoses led to psychiatric hospitalizations that were unhelpful because she was unable to trust staff. “My way of thinking was that ending my life was the only answer. There had been numerous attempts, too many to count. My thoughts were that if I wasn’t alive I wouldn’t have to deal with my problems.” In her final attempt, she plunged over the side of a mountain, dropping 80 feet, resulting in several serious injuries. “I was so angry that I was still alive.” However, “During my hospitalization I began to realize that my family and friends were there by my side continuously, I began to realize that I wasn't only hurting myself. I was hurting all the important people in my life. It was then that I told myself I am going to do whatever it takes.” A turning point is not to say that the difficulties did not continue. The writer of Story 171 tells of a suicide attempt 7 years previous, and the ongoing anguish. She had been depressed for years and had thoughts of suicide on a daily basis. After a serious overdose, she woke up the next day in a hospital bed, her husband and 2 daughters at her bed. “Honestly, I was disappointed to wake up. But, then I saw how scared and hurt they were. Then I was sorry for what I had done to them. Since then I have thought of suicide but know that it is tragic for the family and is a hurt that can never be undone. Today I live with the thought that I am here for a reason and when it is God's time to take me then I will go. I do believe living is harder than dying. I do believe I was born for a purpose and when that is accomplished I will be released. …Until then I try to remind myself of how I am blessed and try to appreciate the wonders of the world and the people in it.” Range of Services The important role of mental health and recovery services was frequently mentioned, including dialectical behavioural therapy (DBT)/cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), recovery group, group therapy, Alcoholics Anonymous, accurate diagnosis, and medications. The writer in Story 30 was 83 years old when she submitted her story, reflecting on a life with both good and bad times. She first attempted suicide at age 10 or 12. A serious post-partum depression followed the birth of her second child, and over the years, she experienced periods of suicidal intent: “Consequently, a few years passed and I got to feeling suicidal again. I had pills in one pocket and a clipping for “The Recovery Group” in the other pocket. As I rode on the bus trying to make up my mind, I decided to go to the Recovery Group first. I could always take the pills later. I found the Recovery Group and yoga helpful; going to meetings sometimes twice a day until I got thinking more clearly and learned how to deal with my problems.” Several participants described the value of CBT or DBT in learning to challenge perceptions. “I have tools now to differentiate myself from the illness. I learned I'm not a bad person but bad things did happen to me and I survived.”(Story 3) “The fact is that we have thoughts that are helpful and thoughts that are destructive….. I knew it was up to me if I was to get better once and for all.” (Story 32): “In the hospital I was introduced to DBT. I saw a nurse (Tanya) every day and attended a group session twice a week, learning the techniques. I worked with the people who wanted to work with me this time. Tanya said the same thing my counselor did “there is no study that can prove whether or not suicide solves problems” and I felt as though I understood it then. If I am dead, then all the people that I kept pushing away and refusing their help would be devastated. If I killed myself with my own hand, my family would be so upset. DBT taught me how to ‘ride my emotional wave’. ……….. DBT has changed my life…….. My life is getting back in order now, thanks to DBT, and I have lots of reasons to go on living.”(Story 19) The writer of Story 67 described the importance of group therapy. “Group therapy was the most helpful for me. It gave me something besides myself to focus on. Empathy is such a powerful emotion and a pathway to love. And it was a huge relief to hear others felt the same and had developed tools of their own that I could try for myself! I think I needed to learn to communicate and recognize when I was piling everything up to build my despair. I don’t think I have found the best ways yet, but I am lifetimes away from that teenage girl.” (Story 67) The author of story 212 reflected on suicidal ideation beginning over 20 years earlier, at age 13. Her first attempt was at 28. “I thought everyone would be better off without me, especially my children, I felt like the worst mum ever, I felt like a burden to my family and I felt like I was a failure at life in general.” She had more suicide attempts, experienced the death of her father by suicide, and then finally found her doctor. “Now I’m on meds for a mood disorder and depression, my family watch me closely, and I see my doctor regularly. For the first time in 20 years, I love being a mum, a sister, a daughter, a friend, a cousin etc.” Discussion The 50 stories that describe positive experiences in the health care system constitute a larger group than most other similar studies, and most participants had made one or more suicide attempts. Several writers reflected back many years, telling stories of long ago, as with the 83-year old participant (Story 30) whose story provided the privilege of learning how the author’s life unfolded. In clinical practice, we often do not know – how did the story turn out? The stories that describe receiving health care speak to the impact of the experience, and the importance of the issues identified in the mental health system. We identified 3 themes, but it was often the combination that participants described in their stories that was powerful, as demonstrated in Story 20, the young new mother who had fallen from a balcony 30 years earlier. Voices from people with lived experience can help us plan and conceptualize our clinical work. Results are consistent with, and add to, the previous work on the importance of therapeutic relationships.8,10,11,14–16 It is from the stories in this study that we come to understand the powerful experience of seeing a family members’ reaction following a participant’s suicide attempt, and how that can be a potent turning point as identified by Lakeman and Fitzgerald.7 Ghio and colleagues8 and Lakeman16 identified the important role for staff/nurses in supporting families due to the connection to relationship issues. This research also calls for support for families to recognize the important role they have in helping the person understand how much they mean to them, and to promote the potential impact of a turning point. The importance of the range of services reflect Lakeman and Fitzgerald’s7 theme of coping, associating positive change by increasing the repertoire of coping strategies. These findings have implications for practice, research and education. Working with individuals who are suicidal can help them develop and tell a different story, help them move from a death-oriented to life-oriented position,15 from “why suicide” to “why life.”9 Hospitalization provides a person with the opportunity to reflect, to take time away from “the real world” to consider oneself, the suicide attempt, connections with family and friends and life goals, and to recover physically and emotionally. Hospitalization is also an opening to involve the family in the recovery process. The intensity of the immediate period following a suicide attempt provides a unique opportunity for nurses to support and coach families, to help both patients and family begin to see things differently and begin to create that different story. In this way, family and friends can be both a support to the person who has attempted suicide, and receive help in their own struggles with this experience. It is also important to recognize that this short period of opportunity is not specific to the nurses in psychiatric units, as the nurses caring for a person after a medically severe suicide attempt will frequently be the nurses in the ICU or Emergency departments. Education, both reflective and interactive, could have a positive impact.17 Helping staff develop the attitudes, skills and approach necessary to be helpful to a person post-suicide attempt is beginning to be reported in the literature.21 Further implications relate to nursing curriculum. Given the extent of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and deaths by suicide, this merits an important focus. This could include specific scenarios, readings by people affected by suicide, both patients themselves and their families or survivors, and discussions with individuals who have made an attempt(s) and made a decision to go on living. All of this is, of course, not specific to nursing. All members of the interprofessional health care team can support the transition to recovery of a person after a suicide attempt using the strategies suggested in this paper, in addition to other evidence-based interventions and treatments. Findings from this study need to be considered in light of some specific limitations. First, the focus was on those who have made a decision to go on living, and we have only the information the participants included in their stories. No follow-up questions were possible. The nature of the research design meant that participants required access to a computer with Internet and the ability to communicate in English. This study does not provide a comprehensive view of in-patient care. However, it offers important inputs to enhance other aspects of care, such as assessing safety as a critical foundation to care. We consider these limitations were more than balanced by the richness of the many stories that a totally anonymous process allowed. Conclusion Stories open a window into the experiences of a person during the period after a suicide attempt. The RTGOL Project allowed for an understanding of how we might help suicidal individuals change the script, write a different story. The stories that participants shared give us some understanding of “how” to provide support at a most-needed critical juncture for people as they interact with health care providers immediately after a suicide attempt. While we cannot know the experiences of those who did not survive a suicide attempt, results of this study reinforce that just one caring professional can make a crucial difference to a person who has survived a suicide attempt. We end with where we began. Who will open the door? References 1. World Health Organization. Suicide prevention and special programmes. http://www.who.int/mental_health/prevention/suicide/suicideprevent/en/index.html Geneva: Author; 2013.2. Giner L, Jaussent I, Olie E, et al. Violent and serious suicide attempters: One step closer to suicide? J Clin Psychiatry 2014:73(3):3191–197.3. Levi-Belz Y, Gvion Y, Horesh N, et al. Mental pain, communication difficulties, and medically serious suicide attempts: A case-control study. Arch Suicide Res 2014:18:74–87.4. Hjelmeland H and Knizek BL. Why we need qualitative research in suicidology? Suicide Life Threat Behav 2010:40(1):74–80.5. Gunnell D. A population health perspective on suicide research and prevention: What we know, what we need to know, and policy priorities. Crisis 2015:36(3):155–60.6. Fitzpatrick S. Looking beyond the qualitative and quantitative divide: Narrative, ethics and representation in suicidology. Suicidol Online 2011:2:29–37.7. Lakeman R and FitzGerald M. How people live with or get over being suicidal: A review of qualitative studies. J Adv Nurs 2008:64(2):114–26.8. Ghio L, Zanelli E, Gotelli S, et al. Involving patients who attempt suicide in suicide prevention: A focus group study. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2011:18:510–18.9. Kraft TL, Jobes DA, Lineberry TW., Conrad, A., & Kung, S. Brief report: Why suicide? Perceptions of suicidal inpatients and reflections of clinical researchers. Arch Suicide Res 2010:14(4):375-382.10. Sun F, Long A, Tsao L, et al. The healing process following a suicide attempt: Context and intervening conditions. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2014:28:66–61.11. Montross Thomas L, Palinkas L, et al. Yearning to be heard: What veterans teach us about suicide risk and effective interventions. Crisis 2014:35(3):161–67.12. Long M, Manktelow R, and Tracey A. The healing journey: Help seeking for self-injury among a community population. Qual Health Res 2015:25(7):932–44.13. Carlen P and Bengtsson A. Suicidal patients as experienced by psychiatric nurses in inpatient care. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2007:16:257–65.14. Samuelsson M, Wiklander M, Asberg M, et al. Psychiatric care as seen by the attempted suicide patient. J Adv Nurs 2000:32(3):635–43.15. Cutcliffe JR, Stevenson C, Jackson S, et al. A modified grounded theory study of how psychiatric nurses work with suicidal people. Int J Nurs Studies 2006:43(7):791–802.16. Lakeman, R. What can qualitative research tell us about helping a person who is suicidal? Nurs Times 2010:106(33):23–26.17. Karman P, Kool N, Poslawsky I, et al. Nurses’ attitudes toward self-harm: a literature review. J Psychiatr Ment Health Nurs 2015:22:65–75.18. Carter B. ‘One expertise among many’ – working appreciatively to make miracles instead of finding problems: Using appreciative inquiry as a way of reframing research. J Res Nurs 2006:11(1): 48–63.19. Lieblich A, Tuval-Mashiach R, Zilber T. Narrative research: Reading, analysis, and interpretation. Sage Publications; 1998.20. Braun V and Clarke V. Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qual Res Psychol 2006:3(2):77–101.21. Kishi Y, Otsuka K, Akiyama K, et al. Effects of a training workshop on suicide prevention among emergency room nurses. Crisis 2014:35(5):357–61.
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37

Pendrill, L. R., A. Allard, N. Fischer, P. M. Harris, J. Nguyen, and I. M. Smith. "Software to Maximize End-User Uptake of Conformity Assessment With Measurement Uncertainty, Including Bivariate Cases. The European EMPIR CASoft Project." NCSL International Measure 13, no. 1 (February 2021): 58–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.51843/measure.13.1.6.

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Facilitating the uptake of established methodologies for risk-based decision-making in product conformity assessment taking into account measurement uncertainty by providing dedicated software is the aim of the European project EMPIR CASoft(2018–2020), involving the National Measurement Institutes from France, Sweden and the UK, and industrial partner Trescal (FR) as primary supporter. The freely available software helps end-users perform the required risk calculations in accordance with current practice and regulations and extends that current practice to include bivariate cases. The software is also aimed at supporting testing and calibration laboratories in the application of the latest version of the ISO/IEC 17025:2017 standard, which requires that“…the laboratory shall document the decision rule employed, taking into account the level of risk […] associated with the decision rule and apply the decision rule.” Initial experiences following launch of the new software in Spring 2020 are reported.
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Grant, Kim. "Kim Grant. Review of "Past Futures: Science Fiction, Space Travel, and Postwar Art of the Americas" by Sarah J. Montross." caa.reviews, November 5, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3202/caa.reviews.2015.148.

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39

Scartozzi, Cesare M. "Reframing Climate-Induced Socio-Environmental Conflicts: A Systematic Review." International Studies Review, September 16, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isr/viaa064.

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Abstract This article draws a comprehensive map of conflict climate change scholarship. It uses visualizations and descriptive statistics to trace the temporal, spatial, and topical evolution of the field of study via a bibliometric analysis of more than six hundred publications. It then proceeds to summarize findings, theoretical explanations, and methodological approaches. Overall, this systematic review shows a remarkable inconsistency of evidence among publications. As a way forward, this article recommends future research to use computational models, informed by a social-ecological perspective, to better explore the link between climate change and conflict. Resumen En este artículo se traza un mapa integral de la erudición conflictiva del cambio climático. Se utilizan visualizaciones y estadísticas descriptivas para rastrear la evolución temporal, espacial y temática del campo de estudio mediante un análisis bibliométrico de más de seiscientas publicaciones. Luego, continúa con un resumen de los hallazgos, las explicaciones teóricas y los enfoques metodológicos. En términos generales, esta revisión sistemática muestra una notable incoherencia de evidencias entre las publicaciones. En este artículo se recomiendan investigaciones a futuro para utilizar los modelos computacionales, informados con una perspectiva socioecológica, a fin de explorar mejor la conexión entre el cambio climático y los conflictos. Extrait Cet article offre une représentation complète des recherches portant sur les conflits liés au changement climatique. Il utilise des visualisations et des statistiques descriptives pour retracer l’évolution temporelle, spatiale et thématique de ce domaine d’étude via une analyse bibliométrique de plus de six cents publications. Il résume ensuite les constatations, explications théoriques et approches méthodologiques. Globalement, cette synthèse systématique montre une incohérence remarquable des preuves entre les publications. Pour aller de l'avant, cet article recommande que les recherches futures passent par des modèles informatiques éclairés par une perspective socio-écologique pour mieux explorer le lien entre le changement climatique et les conflits.
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40

Marionneau, Virve, and Janne Nikkinen. "Market Cannibalization Within and Between Gambling Industries: A Systematic Review." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 37 (December 8, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2018.37.1.

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In economics, cannibalization refers to a process in which a new product or service partly or completely substitutes for those in existing markets. This systematic review analyses the existing evidence on cannibalization within gambling markets to determine whether such substitution takes place between different types of gambling. The analysis shows that new gambling products substitute to a certain extent for existing gambling products. The sector in which the evidence is most convincing is the casino industry, which cannibalizes lotteries and pari-mutuel racing. There is also evidence that casinos substitute for other casinos and for non-casino electronic gaming machines. Lotteries substitute for casinos, other lotteries, sports betting, and pari-mutuel or racing industries. In other cases, the evidence is less conclusive and sometimes non-existent, or industry relationships are more complicated. This review also found that even in cases where substitution does occur, it is incomplete, and thus the introduction of new products tends to expand the overall gambling market. We discuss these market dynamics and identify gaps in the available research. RésuméEn économie, on entend par cannibalisation un processus par lequel un nouveau produit ou service se substitue partiellement ou complètement à des produits ou services existants. Cet examen systématique analyse les données dont on dispose sur la cannibalisation dans les marchés du jeu pour déterminer si une telle substitution a lieu entre différents types de jeux de hasard. L’analyse montre que les nouveaux produits de jeux de hasard remplacent, dans une certaine mesure, certains produits de jeu existants. La preuve la plus convaincante est celle portant sur le secteur du casino qui cannibalise les loteries et les courses de pari mutuel. Il est également prouvé que les casinos accaparent légèrement le marché d’autres casinos et d’appareils de jeu hors casino. Les loteries s’approprient une part de marché des casinos, d’autres loteries, de paris sportifs et mutuels ou des secteurs de la course. Dans d’autres cas, les preuves sont moins concluantes, voire inexistantes, ou les relations entre les divers secteurs sont plus compliquées. Cet examen a également révélé que, même dans les cas où il y a un accaparement du marché, il n’est pas total et, par conséquent, le lancement de nouveaux produits tend plutôt à élargir le marché global du jeu. Nous abordons ces dynamiques de marché et cernons les lacunes dans la recherche disponible.
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Marionneau, Virve, and Janne Nikkinen. "Market Cannibalization Within and Between Gambling Industries: A Systematic Review." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 37 (December 8, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.v0i37.3988.

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In economics, cannibalization refers to a process in which a new product or service partly or completely substitutes for those in existing markets. This systematic review analyses the existing evidence on cannibalization within gambling markets to determine whether such substitution takes place between different types of gambling. The analysis shows that new gambling products substitute to a certain extent for existing gambling products. The sector in which the evidence is most convincing is the casino industry, which cannibalizes lotteries and pari-mutuel racing. There is also evidence that casinos substitute for other casinos and for non-casino electronic gaming machines. Lotteries substitute for casinos, other lotteries, sports betting, and pari-mutuel or racing industries. In other cases, the evidence is less conclusive and sometimes non-existent, or industry relationships are more complicated. This review also found that even in cases where substitution does occur, it is incomplete, and thus the introduction of new products tends to expand the overall gambling market. We discuss these market dynamics and identify gaps in the available research. RésuméEn économie, on entend par cannibalisation un processus par lequel un nouveau produit ou service se substitue partiellement ou complètement à des produits ou services existants. Cet examen systématique analyse les données dont on dispose sur la cannibalisation dans les marchés du jeu pour déterminer si une telle substitution a lieu entre différents types de jeux de hasard. L’analyse montre que les nouveaux produits de jeux de hasard remplacent, dans une certaine mesure, certains produits de jeu existants. La preuve la plus convaincante est celle portant sur le secteur du casino qui cannibalise les loteries et les courses de pari mutuel. Il est également prouvé que les casinos accaparent légèrement le marché d’autres casinos et d’appareils de jeu hors casino. Les loteries s’approprient une part de marché des casinos, d’autres loteries, de paris sportifs et mutuels ou des secteurs de la course. Dans d’autres cas, les preuves sont moins concluantes, voire inexistantes, ou les relations entre les divers secteurs sont plus compliquées. Cet examen a également révélé que, même dans les cas où il y a un accaparement du marché, il n’est pas total et, par conséquent, le lancement de nouveaux produits tend plutôt à élargir le marché global du jeu. Nous abordons ces dynamiques de marché et cernons les lacunes dans la recherche disponible.
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42

Hanke, Bob. "This Is Contract Faculty Time." Canadian Journal of Communication 42, no. 1 (February 9, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjc.2017v42n1a3100.

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This article argues that Maurizio Lazzarato’s (2014) book Signs and Machines: Capitalism and the Production of Subjectivity is useful for apprehending the employment of contract faculty. After setting the scene of the university, I examine the mixed semiotics of the York University budget. I then look inside CUPE Local 3903’s history and politics, and focus on the video This Is Contract Faculty Time: York Faculty in Support of Contract Faculty. In the next section I describe how mixed semiotics operates at the bargaining table. Finally, I review the outcome of collective bargaining with respect to job security, political action, and truth-telling. This case of academic labour struggle shows that semiotization and subjectivation need to be better understood. I conclude with some remarks on challenges, academic freedom, and ways of reforming the faculty employment system.Cet article soutient que Signs and Machines: Capitalism and the Production of Subjectivity (« Signes et machines : le capitalisme et la production de la subjectivité », 2014) de Maurizio Lazzarato est utile pour comprendre le travail des enseignants intérimaires. Après avoir décrit la situation actuelle à l’université, je considère la sémiotique mixte du budget de York University. J’examine ensuite l’histoire et la politique du Syndicat canadien de la fonction publique, section locale 3903, ainsi que le vidéo This Is Contract Faculty Time: York Faculty in Support of Contract Faculty (« C’est le moment de parler des enseignants intérimaires : le corps professoral de York à leur appui »). Dans la section suivante, je montre comment la sémiotique mixte peut aider à mieux comprendre la table de négociation. Enfin, j’évalue les résultats de la négociation collective par rapport à la sécurité d’emploi, l’action politique et l’honnêteté. Cette lutte pour le travail académique montre qu’on a besoin de mieux comprendre la sémiotisation et la subjectivation. Je conclus par quelques remarques sur les défis, la liberté académique et quelques façons de réformer le système d’emploi pour le corps professoral.
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43

Brownlow, Luke. "A Review of mHealth Gambling Apps in Australia." Journal of Gambling Issues, no. 47 (March 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.4309/jgi.2021.47.1.

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Problem gamblers face numerous barriers to intervention and support, such as shame and stigma, need for control, and lack of resources. Fortunately, digital health has paved the way for private, autonomous, and highly accessible interventions for problem gambling. Mobile applications (apps) are a part of the digital health platform; however, few apps are available, and a review has not been undertaken. This study had one simple aim: to review the health apps for problem gambling available in Australia from Google Play and Apple iTunes. Focus was given to, among other elements, cost, update recency, popularity, and functions of the apps. In January 2020, 17 health apps for problem gambling were identified and data were extracted. The investigation showed that the apps are generally free or low cost and are not popular in terms of downloads and ratings. In most cases, months or years had passed since previous updates, and the apps had a small number of functions with little variance in the types provided. However, many of the functions are viewed positively by problem gamblers and professionals involved in problem gambling research and intervention. Overall, although the limited range of health apps for problem gambling available in Australia provides a foundation for intervention, there is room for improvement in the quality and range of in-app functions, which may in turn have positive effects on popularity. Further, a greater number of apps may benefit users by encouraging price competitiveness and regular app updates.RésuméLes joueurs compulsifs font face de nombreux obstacles à l’intervention et au soutien, notamment la honte et la stigmatisation, le besoin de contrôle et le manque de ressources. Heureusement, la santé numérique leur a ouvert la voie aux interventions privées, autonomes et très accessibles. La plateforme de santé numérique comporte des applications mobiles, mais celles-ci sont peu nombreuses et n’ont pas fait l’objet d’analyses. Cette étude avait un objectif simple : examiner les applications du domaine de la santé destinées aux joueurs compulsifs et offertes en Australie à partir de Google Play et d’Apple iTunes. Nous nous sommes concentrés notamment sur le coût, la récence de la mise à jour, la popularité et les fonctions des applications. En janvier 2020, 17 applications du domaine de la santé destinées aux joueurs compulsifs ont été repérées et les données ont été extraites. L’analyse montre que les applications sont généralement gratuites ou à faible coût, et ne sont pas populaires sur le plan des téléchargements et des évaluations. Dans la plupart des cas, elles n’avaient pas été mises à jour depuis des mois ou des années, et offraient un petit nombre de fonctions dont le type variait peu. Toutefois, un grand nombre des fonctions sont considérées de manière positive par les joueurs compulsifs et les professionnels de la recherche et de l’intervention dans le domaine du jeu compulsif. Dans l’ensemble, bien que la gamme restreinte d’applications de santé destinées aux joueurs compulsifs et accessibles en Australie jette les bases de l’intervention, il y a place à l’amélioration de la qualité et des fonctions de ces applications, ce qui pourrait les rendre plus populaires. En outre, l’augmentation du nombre d’applications pourrait être profitable aux utilisateurs en favorisant la concurrence des prix et les mises à jour régulières.
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44

Bloom, David E., David Canning, Kevin Chan, and Dara Lee Luca. "Higher Education and Economic Growth in Africa." International Journal of African Higher Education 1, no. 1 (August 1, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.6017/ijahe.v1i1.5643.

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Enrollment rates for higher education in Sub-Saharan Africa are by far the lowest in the world at 6%. Yet because of conventional beliefs that tertiary education is less important for poverty reduction, the international development community has encouraged African governments’ relative neglect of higher education. This article challenges beliefs that tertiary education has little role in promoting economic growth and alleviating poverty. First, we review recent evidence that higher education can produce significant public and private benefits. Next, we analyze the relationship between tertiary education and economic growth. We find evidence that tertiary education improves technological catch-up and, in doing so, may help to maximize Africa’s potential to achieve more rapid economic growth given current constraints. Investing in tertiary education in Africa may accelerate technological diffusion, which would in turn decrease knowledge gaps and help reduce poverty in the region. We also review new developments and trends in the higher education scene in Africa. Le taux d’inscription dans l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique sub-saharienne est de loin le plus faible du monde, atteignant seulement 6%. Pourtant, parce que l’enseignement supérieur est perçu comme moins important que les enseignements primaire et secondaire pour lutter contre la pauvreté, la communauté internationale a encouragé les gouvernements africains à moins y prêter attention. Cet article conteste l’idée que l’enseignement supérieur joue un rôle peu important dans le développement économique et la lutte contre la pauvreté. Tout d’abord, nous nous intéressons à de récents résultats qui montrent que l’enseignement supérieur crée des bénéfices publics et privés. Ensuite, nous analysons la relation entre l’enseignement supérieur et la croissance économique. Nous montrons que l’enseignement supérieur permet de rattraper le retard technologique et, ce faisant, pourrait aider l’Afrique à maximiser sa capacité à accélérer sa croissance économique dans les conditions actuelles. Investir dans l’enseignement supérieur en Afrique pourrait permettre une diffusion plus rapide des avancées technologiques, qui pourrait à son tour réduire la disparité de savoir et participer à la réduction de la pauvreté dans la région. Nous passons aussi en revue les nouveautés et tendances dans l’enseignement supérieur africain.
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Bastin, Georges. "Quantitative analysis of metabolic networks and design of minimal bioreaction models." Revue Africaine de la Recherche en Informatique et Mathématiques Appliquées Volume 9, 2007 Conference in... (August 15, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/arima.1891.

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International audience This tutorial paper is concerned with the design of macroscopic bioreaction models on the basis a quantitative analysis of the underlying cell metabolism. The paper starts with a review of two fundamental algebraic techniques for the quantitative analysis of metabolic networks : (i) the decomposition of complex metabolic networks into elementary pathways (or elementary modes), (ii) the metabolic flux analysis which aims at computing the entire intracellular flux distribution from a limited number of flux meaurements. Then it is discussed how these two fundamental techniques can be exploited to design minimal bioreaction models by using a systematic model reduction approach that automatically produces a family of equivalent minimal models which are fully compatible with the underlying metabolism and consistent with the available experimental data. The theory is illustrated with an experimental case-study on CHO cells. Cet article tutoriel traite de la conception de modèles de bioréactions macroscopiques sur la base d’une analyse quantitative du métabolisme cellulaire sous-jacent. L’article commence par un rappel de deux techniques algébriques fondamentales pour l’analyse quantitative des réseaux métaboliques : (i) la décomposition des réseaux métaboliques complexes en chemins élémentaires (ou modes élémentaires), (ii) l’analyse des flux métaboliques qui vise à calculer la totalité des flux métaboliques intracellulaires à partir d’un ensemble limité de mesures. On montre ensuite comment ces deux techniques peuvent être exploitées pour concevoir des modèles minimaux de bioréactions en utilisant une approche systématique de réduction de modèle qui produit automatiquement une famille de modèles minimaux équivalents compatibles non seulement avec les données expérimentales mais aussi avec le métabolisme sous-jacent. La théorie est illustrée avec une étude de cas expérimentale sur des cellules CHO.
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Glass, Juniper. "“Advocates Change the World; Evaluation Can Help”: A Literature Review and Key Insights from the Practice of Advocacy Evaluation." Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation 32, no. 1 (July 7, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjpe.31039.

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It is only since the new millennium that assessments of policy and systems change initiatives have been given much attention in practice or in research. A comprehensive literature review of advocacy in human services non-profit organizations (NGOs) has found a “lack of systemic, rational evaluation and measurement of the effectiveness of advocacy.” Similarly, in a survey of 211 NGOs that undertake advocacy, only one in four (24.6 percent) reported that this work had been evaluated. While the survey was conducted in the United States, it is likely that Canadian NGOs are in a similar situation, not because of a lack of interest or value for evaluation but, rather, because assessing systems change initiatives is challenging territory and NGOs face considerable resource and time constraints that put such evaluation low on the priority list. This article provides a review of key insights from advocacy evaluation practice and research that may help orient and inform NGOs as they decide on evaluation strategies. I will outline the state of the field of systems - and policy -change evaluation in North America as well as its benefits and challenges. Finally, a synthesis of the main steps in advocacy evaluation planning and implementation offers a broad map to NGOs seeking to enhance this practice in their own organizations.Ce n’est que depuis le dernier millénaire que l’on s’intéresse davantage, en pratique ou en recherche, aux initiatives visant à créer des changements dans les systèmes et les politiques. Une analyse documentaire exhaustive des activités de plaidoyer dans les organisations à but non lucratif (ONG – organisations non gouvernementales) offrant des services humanitaires montre « un manque d’évaluation et de mesure systémique en ce qui a trait à l’efficacité du plaidoyer ». De même, dans un sondage de 211 ONG ayant des activités de plaidoyer, seule une sur quatre (24,6 pourcent) ont indiqué que ce travail avait été évalué. Le sondage a été effectué aux États-Unis, mais il est probable que les ONG canadiennes se trouvent dans une situation semblable, non par manque d’intérêt ou de reconnaissance de la valeur de l’évaluation, mais plutôt parce qu’il n’est pas facile d’évaluer des changements de nature systémique et que les ONG doivent composer avec des contraintes de temps et de ressources qui font que l’évaluation n’est pas une priorité. Cet article propose des éléments clés tirés de la pratique et de la recherche de type « advocacy » qui permettront d’informer et de guider les ONG dans leur choix de stratégies d’évaluation. Je ferai état des avancées dans le champ de l’analyse des politiques et des systèmes en Amérique du Nord, de même des avantages et des défi s qui y sont liés. Finalement, une synthèse des principales étapes de la planification et de la réalisation d’une évaluation de type « advocacy » pourra guider les ONG qui souhaiteraient améliorer cette pratique dans leur propre organisation.
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47

Niquette, Manon, and William Buxton. "Meet Me at the Fair: Sociability and Reflexivity in Nineteenth-Century World Expositions." Canadian Journal of Communication 22, no. 1 (January 1, 1997). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjc.1997v22n1a977.

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Abstract: The reception process of the exposition medium cannot be dissociated from the interpersonal setting in which the visitors are involved. This paper begins with a review of the studies done on sociability in museums. It shows that issues related to reflexivity, as they bear on both the properties of the medium and the relations between visitors, have been neglected. The review is followed by a study of the social experience of world's fair visitors in the nineteenth century, at the birth of the modern museum. This is done through a content analysis of cartoons showing visitors in interaction with one another. It is argued that the exposition medium became a space of social differentiation through linkages between three levels of reflexivity: (1) institutional reflexivity, which is related to the ways by which the exposition transforms the crowd into a self-regulating organization; (2) individual reflexivity of visitors' interaction through which the exposition becomes a strategic space for the negotiation of self-identity; and (3) reflexive action of humour magazines, the role of which was to create categories of social interaction in public places and to reduce them to stereotypes. Résumé: Le processus de réception inhérent au média "exposition" ne peut être dissocié des rapports interpersonnels dans lesquels sont engagés les visiteurs. La revue des études réalisées sur la sociabilité au musée montre que les phénomènes de réflexivité, tant en ce qui concerne les propriétés du média que les relations entre visiteurs, ont été négligés. Cette revue est suivie d'une étude de l'expérience sociale des visiteurs lors d'une exposition universelle du dix-neuvième siècle, à l'origine du musée moderne. Pour ce faire, les auteurs ont analysé le contenu d'une série de dessins humoristiques sur lesquels sont représentés des visiteurs interagissant les uns avec les autres. Il est soutenu que l'imbrication de trois niveaux de réflexivité a fait du média "exposition" un lieu de division et de différenciation sociale: 1) la réflexivité institutionnelle qui a fait de la foule une organisation auto-régulatrice; 2) la réflexivité individuelle émanant des interactions entre visiteurs et en vertu de laquelle l'exposition est devenue un espace stratégique de négociation de l'identité personnelle; 3) la réflexivité des magazines d'humour dont le rôle était de créer des catégories décrivant des façons d'interagir en public et de réduire ces catégories à de simples stéréotypes.
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48

Brouard, Francois, Sophie Larivet, and Ouafa Sakka. "Entrepreneuriat Social et Participation Citoyenne." Canadian journal of nonprofit and social economy research 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.22230/cjnser.2010v1n1a38.

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RÉSUMÉ L'entrepreneuriat social est un concept émergeant, notamment dans les sciences de l'administration. Pourtant, en dehors d'une pratique directoriale spécifique, il est aussi une forme de participation citoyenne trop méconnue. L'objectif de cet article, basé sur une revue de la littérature et une approche théorique, est de présenter le concept d'entrepreneuriat social afin de mieux saisir son positionnement par rapport à la participation citoyenne. L'entrepreneuriat social constitue une forme particulière de participation à l'espace public par l'action, les entreprises sociales agissant au quotidien pour transformer le paysage social. En particulier, cet article souligne le contexte de développement de l'entrepreneuriat social, définit le concept et les notions connexes d'entreprise sociale et d'entrepreneur social, et, enfin, présente une réflexion sur la contribution de l'entrepreneuriat social à la participation citoyenne. L'article montre que l'entrepreneuriat social est une façon pour les citoyens d'agir directement et avec maîtrise sur la société. ABSTRACT Social entrepreneurship is an emerging concept, notably in administrative sciences. However, not only is it a specific managerial practice but it is also a type of citizen participation that is not well-known. The objective of this article, based on a literature review and a theoretical approach, is to present the concept of social entrepreneurship in order to better understand its relation to citizen participation. Social entrepreneurship represents a specific type of citizen participation involving actions. Social enterprises act daily to transform the social landscape. More specifically, this article presents the context of development of social entrepreneurship, proposes a definition of the concept and of other connected notions like "social enterprise" and "social entrepreneur", and, finally, analyzes the contribution of social entrepreneurship to citizen participation. It shows that social entrepreneurship is a way for citizens to act directly and with some power on society.
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49

Co, Bea. "Revolutionizing Cancer Therapeutics: Molecular Pathways and Techniques in Cancer Immunotherapy." Journal of Student Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (August 19, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.13034/jsst.v10i1.116.

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Contrary to conventional cancer therapies, immunotherapy manipulates an individual’s body cells to fight cancer, enhancing the active and dynamic immune interactions between the tumour and host. Cancer immunotherapy provides evidence of success through a variety of treatment approaches. Utilizing T-cells and antibodies, immunotherapy strategies such as T-cell engaging bodies, checkpoint inhibitors and engineered T-cells have significantly increased the chance of survival for many cancer patients. The combinations of these immunotherapies have also granted greater success in the elimination of tumour cells. Immunotherapy breakthroughs have the potential to have a lasting impact on cancer treatment. This literature review sheds light on the importance in further research for cancer immunotherapy and a glimpse at all of its powerful results. Contrairement aux méthodes conventionnelles de traitement anti-cancereux, l’immunothérapie manipule les cellules somatiques d’un patient pour battre contre le cancer, améliorant les interactions immunitaires actives et dynamiques entre la tumeur et l’hôte. Par une variété de méthodes de traitement, il y a une abondance de preuve qui montre le succès exceptionnel dans l’utilisation de l’immunothérapie contre le cancer. Les stratégies immunothérapeutiques, par exemple l’utilisation des anticorps bispécifiques qui engagent les cellules T, des inhibiteurs de checkpoint et les cellules T ingénierées, ont augmenté considérablement la chance de survie pour beaucoup de patients frappés par le cancer. Les combinaisons de ces immunothérapies ont aussi permis des grands succès avec l’élimination des cellules cancéreux. L’immunothérapie a mené à des nombreuses percées qui vont avoir un impact durable sur le traitement de cancer. Elle fournit continuellement des nouvelles découvertes qui ont déjà commencées de révolutionner les thérapies de cancer. Cette revue littéraire éclaircit l’importance de la continuation des recherches concernant l’immunothérapie pout le cancer et donne aussi un aperçu de tous ses résultats puissants.
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50

Salzbrunn, Monika. "Musik, religion, multiple zugehörigkeiten: ein zugang über das ereignis." Sociétés plurielles Humanities and social..., Articles (May 19, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.46298/societes-plurielles.2017.3668.

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International audience Im ersten Teil des Aufsatzes wird der Begriff "Ereignis" kritisch wissenschaftsgeschichtlich reflektiert. Statt soziale Gruppen als Forschungsgegenstand im vorhinein zu definieren, wählt die Autorin Ereignisse als Eintritt in das Feld und als Gegenstand der Analyse. Sie zeigt, wie vielfältige Zugehörigkeiten in der Region Genfer See während religiöser Ereignisse zelebriert werden: Musik ist eine zentrale Ausdrucksform von Diversität in einem translokalen Kontext. Der Forschungsprozess beginnt mit einem Fokus auf Ereignisse und der Analyse der Akteurinnen und Akteure, die ihre multiplen Zugehörigkeiten inszenieren. Diese festlichen Ereignisse werden im jeweiligen politischen, geographischen und sozialen Kontext situiert und analysiert The first part of this article deals with a critical review of the notion of event. Instead of predefining social groups, the author uses events as entry points to the field. She shows how multiple belongings in the Lake Geneva region are celebrated during religious events: music is a central mode of expression of diversity in a translocal context.. The research process starts with a focus on events and the analysis of actors who put on stage their multiple belonging. These festive events are situated in a political, geographic and social context. Partant d'un retour critique sur le concept d'évènement, l'auteure opte pour une approche épistémologique novatrice : plutôt que de partir de groupes institutionnels prédéfinis, elle étudie les manières dont le religieux fait évènement dans la région transfrontalière de l'Arc Lémanique. Il s'est avéré que la musique prend une place centrale dans l'expression d'appartenances translocales. Le texte, fondé sur les résultats d'un projet de recherche sur l'« Islam (in)visible en ville », montre comment la diversité des références culturelles représentées dans cette région suisse est mise en musique par les acteurs. Le processus de recherche commence par une focale sur l'événement et l'analyse des acteurs qui y mettent en scène leurs appartenances. Ces événements festifs sont restitués dans leur contexte politique, géographique et social.
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