Academic literature on the topic 'Monts d' (France)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Monts d' (France)"
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Stewart-Knox, Barbara J., Gordon Rae, Ellen EA Simpson, Chris McConville, Jacqueline O’Connor, Angela Polito, Maud Andriollo-Sanchez, Charles Coudray, and JJ Strain. "Supplemented zinc does not alter mood in healthy older European adults – a randomised placebo-controlled trial: the Zenith study." Public Health Nutrition 14, no. 5 (January 28, 2011): 882–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980010002764.
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AbstractObjectiveOlder people are vulnerable to zinc deficiency, which may impact upon their mood. This randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind intervention study aimed to investigate the effect of oral zinc gluconate supplementation (15 mg/d; 30 mg/d; and placebo) on subjective mood (affect) in older Europeans.SubjectsHealthy volunteers (n 387) aged 55–87 years were recruited.SettingVolunteers in Rome (Italy; n 108) and Grenoble (France; n 91) were aged 70–87 years and those in Coleraine (Northern Ireland; n 93) and Clermont-Ferrand (France; n 95) were aged 55–70 years.DesignMood was measured using the Positive and Negative Affect Scale on four occasions per day over 4 d at baseline, 3 and 6 months post-intervention.ResultsMixed ANOVA indicated that neither positive nor negative affect altered in response to zinc (15 mg/d or 30 mg/d) compared to placebo in either the 55–70 years or the ≥70 years age group.ConclusionsThese results suggest that zinc does not benefit mood in healthy older people.
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Wanders, Niko, Stephan Thober, Rohini Kumar, Ming Pan, Justin Sheffield, Luis Samaniego, and Eric F. Wood. "Development and Evaluation of a Pan-European Multimodel Seasonal Hydrological Forecasting System." Journal of Hydrometeorology 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 99–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-18-0040.1.
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Abstract Hydrological forecasts with a high temporal and spatial resolution are required to provide the level of information needed by end users. So far high-resolution multimodel seasonal hydrological forecasts have been unavailable due to 1) lack of availability of high-resolution meteorological seasonal forecasts, requiring temporal and spatial downscaling; 2) a mismatch between the provided seasonal forecast information and the user needs; and 3) lack of consistency between the hydrological model outputs to generate multimodel seasonal hydrological forecasts. As part of the End-to-End Demonstrator for Improved Decision Making in the Water Sector in Europe (EDgE) project commissioned by the Copernicus Climate Change Service (ECMWF), this study provides a unique dataset of seasonal hydrological forecasts derived from four general circulation models [CanCM4, GFDL Forecast-Oriented Low Ocean Resolution version of CM2.5 (GFDL-FLOR), ECMWF Season Forecast System 4 (ECMWF-S4), and Météo-France LFPW] in combination with four hydrological models [mesoscale hydrologic model (mHM), Noah-MP, PCRaster Global Water Balance (PCR-GLOBWB), and VIC]. The forecasts are provided at daily resolution, 6-month lead time, and 5-km spatial resolution over the historical period from 1993 to 2012. Consistency in hydrological model parameterization ensures an increased consistency in the hydrological forecasts. Results show that skillful discharge forecasts can be made throughout Europe up to 3 months in advance, with predictability up to 6 months for northern Europe resulting from the improved predictability of the spring snowmelt. The new system provides an unprecedented ensemble of seasonal hydrological forecasts with significant skill over Europe to support water management. This study highlights the potential advantages of multimodel based forecasting system in providing skillful hydrological forecasts.
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Barrell, Ray, Julian Morgan, and Nigel Pain. "The World Economy." National Institute Economic Review 157 (July 1996): 28–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019615700104.
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It is now quite clear that growth slowed in Europe around the end of 1995, and that it remained low in the first quarter of 1996. However, the most recent information suggests that the slowdown is likely to prove temporary. Early indicators for the second quarter suggest that growth has begun to accelerate, much in line with our forecast published in May. We have made no further adjustment to our forecast for EU wide growth this year, with output still expected to rise by around 1½ per cent this year and around 2¾–3 per cent next year. Recent exchange rate developments should help support demand, as the D-mark, the French franc and other currencies within the D-mark bloc have all depreciated against the dollar in the last few months. A number of economies in Europe appear to have some spare capacity, and can increase output, whilst the US is operating at or above capacity, and a reduction in demand should ease incipient inflationary pressures rather more than it reduces output. The depreciation of the D-mark has been associated with a loosening of monetary policy, with short-term interest rates in Germany being a full point lower than they were a year ago. French short-term interest rates have fallen much more, reflecting the disappearance of a significant risk premium last year. The loosening of policy was timely, and should help offset the deflationary pressures that have come from a slowdown in stock accumulation in both France and Germany and from low investment, especially in Germany.
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Zhu, Yi, Yu Yue, Haobin Zhu, Jili Chen, and Jibo Zhou. "Influence of refractive error on pupil diameters in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lenses." European Journal of Ophthalmology 30, no. 6 (July 15, 2019): 1328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1120672119863716.
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Purpose: To investigate the influence of refractive error on pupil diameters in highly myopic eyes with implantable collamer lenses. Setting: Shanghai, China. Design: A prospective consecutive observational study. Methods: Sixty-six eyes of 66 patients that underwent ICL V4c implantation were included. Pupil diameters before and 1 week, 1 month, and 3 months after surgery were measured using an automatic pupillometry system (MonCv3; Metrovision, Pérenchies, France) under four standardized illumination conditions: 0, 1, 10, and 100 cd/m2. The correlations between changes in pupil diameter and spherical equivalent values and patient age were investigated. Results: Based on preoperative spherical equivalent values, included eyes were divided into a high-myopia group (–6.3 to −9.9 D (diopters)) and a super-high-myopia group (–10 to −20 D). Pupil sizes remained unchanged after surgery in the high-myopia group and decreased at 1 and 10 cd/m2 in the super-high-myopia group. A between-group comparison showed that pupils were significantly smaller in the super-high-myopia group 1 week postoperatively under all illumination conditions and remained smaller at 1 month and 3 months under 1 and 10 cd/m2 lighting conditions. Preoperative spherical equivalent values were significantly correlated with the percent decrease in pupil diameter 1 week postoperatively under 0, 1, and 10 cd/m2 illumination conditions; the greater the degree of myopia, the greater the reduction in pupil diameter. Conclusion: Preoperative refractive error significantly affects pupil diameter in highly myopic eyes after implantable collamer lens implantation. Pupils of super highly myopic eyes remained smaller than preoperative levels under mesopic conditions after implantable collamer lens implantation.
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Bourdel-Marchasson, Isabelle, Rita Ostan, Sophie C. Regueme, Alessandro Pinto, Florence Pryen, Zoubida Charrouf, Patrizia A. d’Alessio, et al. "Quality of Life: Psychological Symptoms—Effects of a 2-Month Healthy Diet and Nutraceutical Intervention; A Randomized, Open-Label Intervention Trial (RISTOMED)." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (March 18, 2020): 800. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030800.
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Depression symptoms and lower health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are associated with inflammation. This multicenter dietary intervention was shown to reduce inflammation in older people. This was the main outcome. Here, we describe the effects on HRQoL, anxiety, and depressive symptoms according to inflammation status. Overall, 125 healthy older subjects (65–80 year) were recruited (Italy, France, and Germany) and randomized into four arms (A, Healthy diet (HD); B, HD plus De Simone Formulation probiotic blend; C, HD plus AISA d-Limonene; D, HD plus Argan oil). The HD was weight maintaining, rich in antioxidant vitamins, polyphenols, polyunsaturated fatty acids (n6: n3 ratio = 3:1), and fiber. Data on inflammatory parameters, mental (MCS) and physical (PCS) component summaries of HRQoL (SF−36), anxiety symptoms (STAI state), and depressive symptoms (CES-D) were collected before and after 56 days of intervention. Body fat mass proportion (BFM) was considered a co-variable. A decrease of CES-D score was seen in the four arms (A: −40.0%, p = 0.001; B: −32.5%, p = 0.023; C: −42.8%, p = 0.004; and D: −33.3%, p = 0.21). Within the subgroups of subjects with medium/high inflammation a similar decrease in CES-D score occurred in all groups (A: −44.8%, p = 0.021; B, −46.7%, p = 0.024; C, −52.2%, p = 0.039; D, −43.8%, p = 0.037). The effect of interventions on CES-D was not related to baseline inflammation. MCS-HRQoL improved in A and C. There was no change in anxiety or PCS-HRQoL. In this trial with no control group, a decrease in depressive symptoms in healthy older volunteers was observed after a 2-month healthy diet intervention, independently of inflammation but with possible limitations due to participation.
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Semane, N., V. H. Peuch, S. Pradier, G. Desroziers, L. El Amraoui, P. Brousseau, S. Massart, B. Chapnik, and A. Peuch. "On the extraction of wind information from the assimilation of ozone profiles in Météo–France 4-D-Var operational NWP suite." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 9, no. 14 (July 22, 2009): 4855–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-9-4855-2009.
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Abstract. By applying four-dimensional variational data-assimilation (4-D-Var) to a combined ozone and dynamics Numerical Weather Prediction model (NWP), ozone observations generate wind increments through the ozone-dynamics coupling. The dynamical impact of Aura/MLS satellite ozone profiles is investigated using Météo-France operational ARPEGE NWP 4-D-Var assimilation system for a period of 3 months. A data-assimilation procedure has been designed and run on 6-h windows. The procedure includes: (1) 4-D-Var assimilating both ozone and operational NWP standard observations, (2) ARPEGE transporting ozone as a passive-tracer, (3) MOCAGE, the Météo–France chemistry and transport model re-initializing the ARPEGE ozone background at the beginning time of the assimilation window. Using observation minus forecast statistics, it is found that the ozone assimilation reduces the wind bias in the lower stratosphere. Moreover, the Degrees of Freedom for Signal diagnostics show that the MLS data covering the 68.1–31.6 hPa vertical pressure range are the most informative and their information content is nearly of the same order as tropospheric humidity-sensitive radiances. Furthermore, with the help of error variance reduction diagnostics, the ozone contribution to the reduction of the horizontal divergence background-error variance is shown to be better than tropospheric humidity-sensitive radiances.
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Blanc, Jean-frederic, Caroline Laurendeau, Nadia Kelkouli, and Philippe Mathurin. "Treatment patterns and survival in patients with late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma in France: A retrospective database analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2021): 288. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.3_suppl.288.
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288 Background: The prognosis for patients with late-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is poor, with only one systemic treatment option available for patients until 2017. Aim: To describe treatment patterns and survival of French patients following diagnosis of late-stage HCC (Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer classification B, C or D), using a comprehensive nationwide claims database, SNDS. Methods: The SNDS database was searched from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2017 for patients with a diagnosis of HCC (ICD-10: C220) and late-stage disease, defined by the identification of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) or radioembolization (TARE), HCC systemic therapy and/or best supportive care (BSC). Patients were followed up for a maximum of 2 years. Results: 17,298 patients (mean age: 68.7 years (SD: 11.3), 82.6% male) were identified, with 72.4% diagnosed at late stage. During follow-up, 29.6% of patients were treated with TACE or TARE, and 27.1% received systematic therapy (sorafenib in 99.5% of cases). The median duration of systemic treatment was 7.9 (95% CI: 7.4-8.5) months. In 62.5% of cases, this treatment was discontinued at 12 months; this proportion fell to 40.3% when using mortality as a competitive risk. Survival since diagnosis of late stage HCC differed according to the type of first treatment received. Median overall survival was 23.7, 11.9, 7.4 and 1 month in patients initially receiving TACE, TARE, systemic therapy or no treatment, respectively. Conclusions: These results confirm the high clinical burden of late-stage HCC over this period and the need for second-line systemic treatments to improve patient outcomes.
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Schlaich, Almut E., Willem Bouten, Vincent Bretagnolle, Henning Heldbjerg, Raymond H. G. Klaassen, Iben H. Sørensen, Alexandre Villers, and Christiaan Both. "A circannual perspective on daily and total flight distances in a long-distance migratory raptor, the Montagu's harrier, Circus pygargus." Biology Letters 13, no. 6 (June 2017): 20170073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbl.2017.0073.
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Long-distance migrants are particularly recognized for the distances covered on migration, yet little is known about the distances they cover during the rest of the year. GPS-tracks of 29 Montagu's harriers from breeding areas in France, The Netherlands and Denmark showed that harriers fly between 35 653 and 88 049 km yr −1 , of which on average only 28.5% is on migration. Mean daily distances during migration were 296 km d −1 in autumn and 252 km d −1 in spring. Surprisingly, males' daily distances during breeding (217 km d −1 ) were close to those during migration, whereas breeding females moved significantly less (101 km d −1 ) than males. In terms of flight distance, the breeding season seemed nearly as demanding as migration periods for males. During the six winter months, both sexes moved less (114 and 128 km d −1 for females and males, respectively) than during migration. Harriers therefore covered shorter daily distances during winter which might allow birds to compensate for the more demanding phases of migration and breeding.
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Mentaverri, Romuald, Jean-Claude Souberbielle, Gilles Brami, Christelle Daniel, and Patrice Fardellone. "Pharmacokinetics of a New Pharmaceutical Form of Vitamin D3 100,000 IU in Soft Capsule." Nutrients 11, no. 3 (March 26, 2019): 703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11030703.
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Vitamin D deficiency is frequent in the general population and both subjects and health professionals could benefit from a broader range of vitamin D3 formulations. We conducted a single-dose, open-label, parallel-group, randomized bioequivalence study to compare a single dose of a newly developed vitamin D3 100,000 IU in a soft capsule (Group 1) with the reference drug vitamin D3 100,000 IU oral solution in ampoule (Group 2) in healthy volunteers over a four-month period. The primary endpoint was the area under the curve (AUC) of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin-D (25(OH)D) concentrations on Day 112. This study was conducted in France from February to June 2014 in 53 young adults with a mean age of 26.9 years. At baseline, low mean serum 25(OH)D levels were observed in both groups (10.6 ng/mL in Group 1 and 9.0 ng/mL in Group 2). On Day 112, the AUC of serum 25(OH)D concentration was 2499.4 ± 463.8 nmol/mL (7.8 ± 0.2 for LogAUC) for Group 1 and 2152.3 ± 479.8 nmol/mL (7.6 ± 0.2 for LogAUC) for Group 2. Bioequivalence of the two treatments was not demonstrated. Superiority of vitamin D3 100,000 IU soft capsule was observed with p = 0.029 for AUC and p = 0.03 for LogAUC using a non-parametric Wilcoxon test. The profile of the serum 25(OH)D concentration showed a significant difference in favor of Group 1 on Days 1, 3, 7, 14 and 90. Mean serum 25(OH)D concentrations in Group 1 were between 20 and 30 ng/mL during the four-month period and under 20 ng/mL throughout the study in Group 2, except on Day 112. Mean Cmax for Group 1 was significantly higher (p = 0.002). Fourteen days were needed to reach Tmax by more than half the subjects in Group 1 compared to 45 days in Group 2. Both treatments were well tolerated, with no severe or related adverse events reported. In conclusion, the pharmacokinetic profile of the new formulation of vitamin D3 100,000 IU soft capsule is superior to that of the oral solution in ampoule. The new formulation increased serum 25(OH)D levels to above 20 ng/mL and maintained levels from 20 ng/mL to 30 ng/mL for four months in late winter and spring.
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Mota, Tounian, Guillou, Pierre, and Membré. "Estimation of the Burden of Iron Deficiency Anemia in France from Iron Intake: Methodological Approach." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 2045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11092045.
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: Dietary iron deficiency (ID) is the first nutritional deficiency in the world, in terms of disability adjusted life years (DALY). This nutritional deficiency may lead to anemia, especially among children, adolescents, and adult women. The aim of this study was to build an original probabilistic model to quantitatively assess the ID, the iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and the subsequent health burden in France expressed in DALY, per age class and gender. The model considered the distribution of absorbed iron intake, the iron requirement distribution established by the European Food Safety Authority and the iron status in France. Uncertainty due to lack of data and variability due to biological diversity were taken into account and separated using a second-order Monte Carlo procedure. A total of 1290 (95% CI = 1230–1350) IDA cases corresponding to 16 (95% CI = 11–20) DALY were estimated per 100,000 individuals per year. The major contributors to IDA burden were menstruating females aged from 25 to 44 years old. Then, a consumption scenario was built with ground beef as intake, an increase in red meat consumption to 100 g/d would not eliminate entirely the IDA burden. The quantitative methodology applied here for France could be reused for other populations.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Monts d' (France)"
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Bordessoule, Éric. "Les "montagnes" du Massif central : espaces pastoraux et transformations du milieu rural dans les monts d'Auvergne." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995CLF20073.
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Cette thèse est consacrée à l'analyse des formes que revêt aujourd'hui l'activité pastorale de la montagne volcanique et des perspectives qui s'en dégagent. Des Dômes à l'Aubrac, le champ géographique de l'étude s'allonge dans les massifs volcaniques de la bordure occidentale du massif sur plus de 5000 km2 répartis sur près de 170 communes de 4 départements (Puy-de-Dôme, Cantal, Aveyron, Lozère). Au sein des hautes terres du massif, les monts d'Auvergne se caractérisent de manière originale. La dépaissance estivale du bétail sur les hauts pâturages (appelés "montagnes" ou estives) n'apparaît en rien comme une activité répliquée que perpétueraient quelques éleveveurs d'un autre temps. Elle conserve une étonnante vigueur, s'adresse à un grand nombre d'élevages, plus de 2500 pour le seul département du Cantal ; et constitue même le pilier de certains depuis une trentaine d'années. La rupture de l'ancienne économie pastorale a entraîné l'abandon des formules classiques et la solidité actuelle des montagnes auvergnates traduit moins l'archaïsme de pratiques attardées que la volonté d'adapter l'exploitation montagnarde aux conditions du présent. L'estive ne remplit pas la même fonction qu'autrefois, sa perception, même s'en trouve très modifiée. A l'heure où la politique agricole commune prône les vertus de l'extensification et où le devenir du paysage montagnard fait l'objet d'une attention accrue, l'analyse de l'activité pastorale dans les monts d'Auvergne revêt un intérêt supplémentaire. Dans une telle perspective, la question de la mise en valeur des estives s'éclaire d'un jour nouveau. En position périphérique sur bien des plans, les pâturages d'altitude acquièrent une autre dimension et suscitent de nouvelles interrogations. Les estives vont-elles faire l'objet d'un intérêt croissant de la part d'éleveurs consommant plus d'espace ? Vont-elles, à l'inverse, subir la concurrence de nouveaux territoires de basse altitude consacrés au parcours, en conséquence du double mouvement de libération d'exploitations et de blocage des productions ?The subject of this studie is the pastoral life in volcanic mountain's of massif central. After the great crisis, in the sixties, the system of "mountain" producing milk and cheese was replaced by cattle rearin g. This new economy of pasture mountains is based on the development of a cattle rearing systel on which the staple prod uce is the one year old calf (called "broutard"), together with the intensification in the milk areas and a new "transhu mance" wave strating from the aveyron in particular. The pastoral field has not a lot decreased in surface and there has being little change in the structures of farmings apart from the creation of "cooperation" or the buying of pastures by the aveyron reares. However, the links between mountains and staple farming are becoming more complex and today, the system seems to be frag ile and the risks of a partial pastoral neglect are numerous. In 1988, for the first time, the hirstock sent on to pastures decreased. Beside the fact that many economical or climatical problems seem to be linked with the present conjoncture, a lastinger crisis should be considered as, the crea tion of milk quotas, the decline of meat currency, the burden of financial obligations and the fact that a lot of financ ial obligations and the fact a lot of lands is being abandonned around the farms will probably result in a reduction of the practice of pasture
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Leibrandt, Sébastien. "Reconstitution de l’évolution morpho-structurale et de la dynamique éruptive du massif du Cantal : relation avec la distribution spatio-temporelle du volcanisme du Massif Central (France)." Thesis, Paris 11, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA112330/document.
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Le massif du Cantal, localisé dans la province volcanique Cénozoïque du Massif Central (France), est le plus grand complexe volcanique Miocène d’Europe. Il est majoritairement constitué de brèches volcanoclastiques qui lui confèrent des dimensions impressionnantes et une morphologie surbaissée. Des observations de terrain, couplées à des datations K-Ar, nous ont permis de reconstituer l’évolution morpho-structurale, la dynamique éruptive et l’histoire volcanique du massif. Après avoir contraint dans l’espace et dans le temps une séquence stratigraphique identique tout autour du massif, nous montrons qu’il existe des évidences chrono-stratigraphiques, structurales et géomorphologiques en faveur de la formation d’une caldeira centrale de 8 x 10 km il y a environ 8 Ma occupée par un lac. L’étude morphologique et sédimentologique de la principale unité bréchique du massif, le Grand Écoulement Bréchique, nous a conduit à le définir comme l’un des plus importants debris flow syn-éruptifs connus au monde dont nous estimons un volume de l’ordre de 100 km3. Nous proposons que cet écoulement résulte d’une éruption sous-lacustre intracaldeira majeure. L’interaction entre un magma juvénile et l’eau du lac de caldeira, selon un dynamisme surtseyen, a initié la formation du debris flow qui s’est propagé sur les pentes externes du volcan à 360° jusqu’à plus de 25 km de sa source. Cette étude ouvre des perspectives d’une part quant aux risques volcaniques liés aux éruptions sous-lacustres intracaldériques majeures, et d’autre part quant à la possibilité de reconstituer la morphologie passée de la source d’un écoulement bréchique volcanoclastique âgé de plusieurs Ma, par l’étude de son dépôt selon des critères sédimentologiques et morphologiques.Dans un deuxième temps, la combinaison de nouvelles datations K-Ar et d’observations de terrain nous ont permis de reconstituer l’histoire volcanique du plateau du Cézallier, siège de la plus jeune activité volcanique de France métropolitaine, du plateau de l’Aubrac, et également la chronologie du volcanisme le long du Sillon Houiller. Nous avons pu ainsi établir les relations spatio-temporelles entre le massif du Cantal et les provinces volcaniques adjacentes révélant le rôle important des fractures héritées de l’Hercynien pour la remontée des magmas. Nous confirmons ainsi une migration spatio-temporelle vers le nord du volcanisme en Auvergne. Finalement, l’acquisition au cours de ce travail de 47 nouveaux âges K-Ar de 12,8 Ma à 9 ka complète la chronologie du volcanisme du Massif Central en précisant sa distribution spatio-temporelleThe Cantal massif, located in the French Cenozoic volcanic province, is the largest Miocene volcano in Europe. It is mainly composed of volcaniclastic breccias giving impressive dimensions and a shield-like morphology. Field observations, coupled with K-Ar datings, allowed us to reconstruct the morpho-structural evolution, the eruptive dynamics and the volcanic history of the massif. We first constrained a stratigraphic sequence which is identical all around the massif. Then, we show that it exists from chrono-stratigraphic, structural and geomorphologic evidences a 8 x 10 km central caldera ca. 8 Myrs ago occupied by a lake. The sedimentological and morphological study of the main breccia unit, the Large Breccia Flow, led us to define it as one of the largest syn-eruptive debris flow in the world. We estimate its volume at ca. 100 km3. We propose that this debris flow resulted from a major intracaldera lake eruption. The interaction between a juvenile magma and the water of the caldera lake, with a surteyan dynamics, initiated the debris flow that propagated on the external slopes of the volcano at 360° until 25 km from its source. This study opens outlets on one hand to volcanic hazards related to major intracaldera lake eruptions ; on the other hand, we show that it is possible to reconstruct the former source morphology of a several Myrs-old volcaniclastic breccia flow by studying the sedimentological and morphological criterion of its deposit.Furthermore, the combination of new K-Ar datings with field observations allowed us to reconstruct the volcanic history of the Cézallier plateau (site of the youngest volcanic activity in the continental France), of the Aubrac plateau, and also the volcanism along the Sillon Houiller. Consequently, we established the spatio-temporal relationships between the Cantal massif and the adjacent volcanic provinces, highlighting the important role of the Hercynian inherited fractures in the magmas ascent. We thus confirm the spatio-temporal migration toward the north in Auvergne. Finally, the acquisition of 47 new K-Ar ages ranging from 12.8 Ma to 9 ka conveys new time constraints on the chronology of Massif Central volcanism by precising its spatio-temporal distribution
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Pelletier, Tommy Simon. "LE BARACHOIS DE MONT-LOUIS, UN TÉMOIN PRIVILÉGIÉ DES PÊCHERIES SÉDENTAIRES DANS LE CANADA DE LA NOUVELLE-FRANCE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29474/29474.pdf.
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Jasmin, Nadine. "Mots et merveilles. Les contes de fees de madame d'aulnoy." Paris 4, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA040255.
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L'etude s'attache a determiner l'esthetique des contes de fees publies par mme d'aulnoy entre 1690 et 1698, moment privilegie de la naissance d'un genre : le conte de fees litteraire francais, dont il s'agit precisement de saisir la genese ou processus de fabrication. Elle examine d'abord les multiples impregnations livresques dont se nourrit le conte, en s'interrogeant sur le type de relation que peut entretenir un genre nouveau avec les categories litteraires qui l'ont precede, de la mythologie au folklore, du romanesque medieval a la pastorale ou de la farce a la fable. Elle observe ensuite comment le conte se situe dans l'air du temps, de par son inscription dans un contexte socioculturel date qui lui imprime sa marque, voire son ideologie aristocratique, feminisante ou precieuse. Le travail s'interesse ensuite au dispositif peritextuel, generique et narratif du conte, dont il tente de degager les lois et de reperer les effets de sens, interpretes en termes de strategies generiques textuelles. C'est du cote du style des contes que se tourne ulterieurement l'etude, qui tente de replacer le projet esthetique de la conteuse dans le cadre des preoccupations et des concepts de son temps. Les notions d'enjouement, de badinage et de gaiete sont ici rencontrees, mises au service d'un parti pris de variete ludique, fonde sur le principe de connivence entre l'auteur et son public. Du style aux images, s'accomplit enfin le cheminement qui permet de deceler, derriere ou malgre les recurrences stylistiques, des constellations et des reseaux d'images, interpretables en termes de reverie feminine concurrencant la pression heroique du genre du conte. Autant d'approches critiques susceptibles d'eclairer la part de conformite ou de singularite de l'oeuvre et de la demarche creatrice de mme d'aulnoy.
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Martinat, Audrey. "Érosion des sentiers en moyenne montagne auvergnate." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF20025/document.
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L’érosion des sentiers de moyenne montagne auvergnate est étudiée dans cette thèse à travers l’évolution morphologique de quatre secteurs présentant des stades d’érosion et des rythmes d’évolution différents, répartis dans le Massif du Sancy et la Chaîne des Puys. Notre approche méthodologique repose sur le croisement de trois jeux de données inédits collectés sur le terrain : relevés topographiques, données climatiques et cartographie du comportement des randonneurs. Les relevés topographiques fins mobilisent trois méthodes complémentaires de collecte de données (lasergrammétrie, GPS différentiel et relevés manuel). L’analyse croisée de l’ensemble de ces données nous a permis de : (1) quantifier des volumes d’érosion et de dépôt ; (2) cartographier les secteurs les plus sensibles à l’érosion ; (3) identifier une saisonnalité des processus érosifs ; (4) proposer un outil d’aide à la gestion des sentiers.Nos résultats de quantification de l’érosion des sentiers indiquent une différenciation des secteurs étudiés. Ce gradient d’érosion constaté s’explique par : le contexte climatique local qui commande la saisonnalité des processus d’érosion, la fréquentation touristique inégale et l’érodabilité du substrat. En réponse à cette érosion, nous avons observé la mise en place de divers aménagements (fils guide, fascines, murets, rigoles d’évacuation…), globalement efficaces. Néanmoins, il apparaît qu’un affinement du positionnement de ces derniers, sur la base d’une compréhension des processus érosifs sur un temps plus long, optimiserait le rôle protecteur de ces ouvragesIn this thesis, weathering of hiking trails has been studied in the low mountain ranges of the Massif Central (Auvergne, France) through the morphological comparison of four sectors in the Massif du Sancy and the Chaîne des Puys, each one presenting different erosion stages and rhythms of evolution. Our methodological approach is based on the crossing of three unpublished field datasets: topographic data, climate data and cartography of hiker behavior. High resolution topographic data mobilized three complementary data collection methods (terrestrial laser scanning, GPS monitoring and manual monitoring). Cross-analysis of all these data allowed us to: (1) quantify erosion and depositional volumes; (2) map the weathering sensitivity of studied areas; (3) identify the seasonality of weathering processes; (4) propose an operational evaluation tool for the management of hiking trails in low mountain ranges. Weathering quantification results show a clear differentiation of the studied areas. This contrasting erosion gradient has been proved to be linked to: local bioclimatic parameters which command the seasonality of weathering processes, irregular touristic attendance and substratum durability. In response to this erosion, varied management were introduced (guideline, wattle fence, low wall, water bars ...) and globally effective. Nevertheless, it appears that a refinement of the positioning adjustments, based on an understanding of weathering processes over a longer period would optimize the protective role of these structures
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Holo, Amon. "Les Technologies de l' Information et de la Communication dans l' enseignement du premier degré en France. Contribution à l' étude des compétences des élèves de l'école élémentaire, les origines et modes d' acquisition de celles- ci." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00619093.
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La diffusion des technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) est aujourd'hui très large, que ce soit en milieu professionnel, dans la sphère familiale, ou à l'école où elles sont présentes dans le socle commun de connaissances et de compétences à acquérir à la fin de la scolarité obligatoire en France. Qu'en est-il à la fin de l'école primaire ? Notre travail a eu pour objet d'étudier les usages, les compétences et représentations d'élèves de cours moyen par rapport à certains instruments informatiques. Il s'agit des logiciels de traitement de texte, de recherche d'information et de la messagerie électronique en s'appuyant sur le référentiel du brevet informatique et internet (B2i). Nous avons à cette fin, mené une enquête sur le terrain auprès de plus de 200 élèves et de leurs enseignants, en utilisant différentes approches : entretiens, questionnaires, repérage de compétences dans la résolution d'exercices pratiques et analyse de dessins. Les résultats de cette recherche confirment que l'intégration des TIC dans les écoles n'est pas encore effective et la mise en oeuvre du B2i est loin d'être généralisée. Nous avons observé que la majorité des élèves ont certaines compétences dans l'utilisation du traitement de texte et de la recherche d'information. Ils sont en revanche peu à s'être familiarisés avec l'usage des supports externes de mémoire, des logiciels de messagerie électronique et ont des représentations moins riches de l'ordinateur. L'origine déclarée des compétences et des représentations est majoritairement le milieu extra scolaire et les membres de la famille restent généralement le mode d'acquisition de leur savoir-faire.
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Richard, Stéphanie. "Vies et morts des couples. Les séparations conjugales princières (Deuxième Maison d’Orléans, XIVe-XVe siècles)." Thesis, Paris 4, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA040164.
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Cette thèse de doctorat étudie la séparation des époux princiers sous ses différentes formes, ainsi que les pratiques mises en oeuvre par les conjoints de la haute noblesse en de telles occasions. L’expression séparation conjugale permet de désigner des cas de figure divers : suspensions plus ou moins durables de la cohabitation entre mari et femme, ou désunions définitives, ces situations étant judiciairement sanctionnées ou non. La recherche s’appuie sur l’observatoire privilégié que constituent les couples mariés de la deuxième Maison d’Orléans aux XIVe-XVe siècles, car les vies maritales de ces ducs et duchesses permettent d’envisager un échantillon très diversifié de situations. Cette analyse permet de montrer que mariage et vie de couple renvoient à des réalités complexes, bien plus diverses que ce que suggèrent les prescriptions de l’Église et des laïcs sur le lien matrimonial et la vie conjugale. L’objectif de ce travail est également d’améliorer notre compréhension de la structure mari-femme et du fonctionnement des couples dans l’aristocratie princière. L’étude éclaire par conséquent les solidarités à l’œuvre entre les époux, lorsque ceux-ci se retrouvent séparés sans que cette situation ait été provoquée par leur volonté de ne plus se côtoyer. Elle montre que le couple se définit avant tout par des liens économiques entre mari et femme. La thèse permet aussi, en retour, de souligner les marges d’action dont peuvent disposer les conjoints, l’un par rapport à l’autre et dans la société, lorsqu’au moins l’un des époux entend mettre fin à la vie commune ou au mariageThis PhD thesis deals with the topic of marital separation in its various forms; it aims at analyzing the behaviors which are implemented by spouses of higher nobility on such occasions. The phrase marital separation may be used to designate a wide range of configurations: for example, when husband and wife, though still married, are not living together, or when a marriage comes to an end, all these situations being reached through a legal process or not. This research is especially based on a thorough analysis examining the couples of the Second House of Orleans in the 14th and 15th centuries, as the marital lives of these Dukes and Duchesses provide a large sample of possible cases of separation. The research shows that the realities associated with marriage and married life are much more complex than what ecclesiastical and secular rules suggest on these matters. Another purpose of this thesis is to improve our understanding of the conjugal structure in princely aristocracy and of how married couples work. Therefore, the study sheds light on the solidarities shared by spouses when their separation does not derive from their own will to part. It shows that married couples are primarily defined by economic bonds between husband and wife. This work also highlights the possible autonomy enjoyed by spouses, in society and towards each other, in the cases where at least one of them intends to adjourn cohabitation or wants to put an end to their marriage
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Caroline, D'Amours. "Les fusiliers Mont-Royal au débarquement de Dieppe : doctrine et entraînement au Canada et en Angleterre, 1939-1942." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21015.
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Cette recherche porte sur l'entraînement de la 2e Division d'infanterie canadienne pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale et, plus particulièrement, sur le régiment des Fusiliers Mont-Royal. Il est possible de voir que l'Armée canadienne n'a pas été en mesure de fournir une formation adéquate à ses troupes pour l'opération Jubilee. Forts de leur victoire au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale, il semble que les membres de la Force permanente n'aient pas été en mesure de remplir leur tâche : préparer les troupes au combat pour la guerre à venir. Certes, une amélioration du contenu a permis aux fantassins de la 2e Division canadienne d'être mieux préparés. Cependant, ce progrès tardif ne saura protéger les soldats lors du débarquement à Dieppe. Nul doute que leur formation déficiente a provoqué tant chez les officiers subalternes que chez les hommes du rang des lacunes fatales pour plusieurs.
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Franke, Jennifer [Verfasser]. "The safety and performance of the new nitinol stent in the treatment of carotid artery stenosis : one and six month follow-up / vorgelegt von Jennifer Franke." 2007. http://d-nb.info/994384556/34.
Full textBooks on the topic "Monts d' (France)"
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Alexandre, Dumas. Le Comte De Monte Cristo: Tome 1: Le prisonnier du château d'If. Hachette, 2011.
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Muessig, Carolyn. The Stigmata in Medieval and Early Modern Europe. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198795643.001.0001.
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Francis of Assisi’s reported reception of the stigmata on Mount La Verna in 1224 is often considered to be the first account of an individual receiving the five wounds of Christ. The thirteenth-century appearance of this miracle, however, is not as unexpected as it first seems. Interpretations of Galatians 6:17—I bear the stigmata of the Lord Jesus Christ in my body—had been circulating in biblical commentaries since late antiquity. These works explained stigmata as wounds that martyrs received, like the apostle Paul, in their attempt to spread Christianity in the face of resistance. By the seventh century, stigmata were described as marks of Christ that priests received invisibly at their ordination. In the eleventh century, monks and nuns were perceived as bearing the stigmata in so far as they lived a life of renunciation out of love for Christ. By the later Middle Ages holy women like Catherine of Siena (d. 1380) were more frequently described as having stigmata than their male counterparts. With the religious upheavals of the sixteenth century, the way stigmata were defined reflected the diverse perceptions of Christianity held by Catholics and Protestants. This study traces the birth and evolution of religious stigmata as expressed in theological discussions and devotional practices in Western Europe from the early Middle Ages to the early seventeenth century. It also contains an introductory overview of the historiography of religious stigmata beginning in the second half of the seventeenth century to its treatment and assessment in the twenty-first century.
Book chapters on the topic "Monts d' (France)"
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"Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture." In Burbot: Ecology, Management, and Culture, edited by Inne Vught, Alireza Shiri Harzevilli, Johan Auwerx, and Daniel De Charleroy. American Fisheries Society, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.47886/9781888569988.ch10.
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<em>Abstract.</em>—The freshwater gadoid, burbot <em>Lota lota</em>, was the subject of a captive breeding program to produce larvae for reintroduction into natural waters of Flanders, Belgium. Burbot broodfish were collected in 2002 from a river in France and maintained in earthen ponds at the Fish Research Center of the Research Institute for Nature and Forest in Linkebeek, Belgium. Each winter, they underwent gonadal maturation. In October, the mature fish were transferred to stocking ponds and fed with live fish. From the middle of December, they were exposed in indoor tanks to a continuous coldwater temperature of 4°C and a simulated natural light regime. This way, natural spawning could be induced without hormonal treatment. Between 582,766 and 984,963 eggs/kg bodyweight were collected from individual fish. Eggs averaged 1.00 mm in diameter. After fertilization, hatching started around day 32–33 when incubated at about 4°C (i.e., between 128 and 132 degree-days). Seventeen days later, at about 4°C, the larvae filled their swim bladder. A few days later (on day 21–24 posthatching when kept on 4°C), the larvae started exogenous feeding. The freshwater rotifer <em>Brachionus calyciflorus</em> proved to be an adequate starter food for growing burbot larvae but had to be replaced by larger food organisms like <em>Artemia </em>after 7–8 d. Burbot larvae were grown to one-summer-old juveniles (average survival 4%, average length 10 cm) in rearing ponds. The survival rate of the juvenile burbot in the ponds after 9 months was higher when the larvae were prefed with rotifers and <em>Artemia</em> prior to stocking in the ponds (survival up to 28% when fed for 18 d prior to the stocking).
Conference papers on the topic "Monts d' (France)"
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Bodel, Charles. "Structural Modification of a Pipe Under Harmonic Excitation Using an Hybrid Numerical/Experimental Method." In ASME 2011 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2011-57232.
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Vibrations generated by centrifugal pumps are difficult to predict at the design stage, for it is hardly possible to accurately determine the natural frequencies of pipes and to avoid coincidences with the blade pass frequency of the pump and its harmonics. One is often led to modify the existing structure, by adding stiffness, mass or damping. This paper illustrates this point on a pipe connected to a pump in a nuclear power plant operated by EDF (E´lectricite´ de France). In October 2010, abnormal vibrations were measured on a thin pipe at the outlet of a pump in a powerplant in France. The French nuclear regulatory commission asked EDF to perform a diagnosis and to define solutions within a few months. EDF/R&D division has used an original method developed in 2004 based on hybrid data, and called LMME-SDM (for Local Model Mode-shapes Expansion Structural Dynamic Modification). The main objective is to define a structure modification able to remove all natural frequencies close to the harmonic excitation. For the purpose of the study, we need a numerical model, which should be fairly correct from a static point of view, but which is not necessarily updated from a dynamic point of view, and an experimental modal analysis carried out under real conditions on the pipe. During the experimental modal analysis, a test of added mass has been carried out so that the method can be validated by comparing the predicted and the observed frequency. This method has already been used in industrial cases in former studies [3], however the study presented here has reached a higher level in complexity. Even if this method is able to give reasonable results compared to measurements, it is close to its limits.
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Pognonec, Gae¨l, Vincent Gaschignard, and Philippe Notarianni. "Predictive Assessment of External Corrosion on Transmission Pipelines." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64316.
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Oil and Gas operators have to deal with the ageing process of their transmission pipeline grid. Some of these pipelines can be inspected using In Line Inspection (ILI) tools. In order to maintain an acceptable integrity level, re-inspection operations have to be performed. This process needs to be optimized in terms of resources and cost. Gaz de France R&D Division has developed a methodology which prioritizes rehabilitation operations on a pipeline after in-line inspections, and determines the optimal interval for re-inspection. A reliable help decision software tool which applies the methodology has also been developed. Dealing with defects assimilated to external electrochemical corrosion, the developed methodology is based on: • pigs information in order to assess a probable corrosion growth rate; • probabilistic distribution of input parameters (geometrical characteristics of defects, characteristics of the pipe and corrosion growth rate); • probabilistic methods of calculation : the probability of failure is calculated with the Monte-Carlo method. The convergence of the calculation is accelerated with the Cross Entropy method. The calculation results take the form of three probabilities of failure: • a punctual probability of failure for each defect; • an annual probability of failure for each defect; • an annual probability of failure per kilometer of pipe. To interpret the results, the annual probability of failure per kilometer of pipe is then compared with threshold values.
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Beiswenger, James, John Bonsall, Joseph Janssen, and Matthew Kizer. "Upgrading of the Westinghouse 501FA Row 2 Vane Segment to the 501FC Design." In ASME 1996 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-gt-549.
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Early in 1995, Westinghouse decided to seize an opportunity to speed up the implementation of a design upgrade for the 501FA Row 2 vane segment. The planned upgrade of this vane segment had been in the conceptual design stage for a few months. Normally, this type of modification would be planned and implemented over many months. In order to achieve the desired performance goals and meet the customer’s delivery requirements this project would have to move very quickly. The project time frame required that from the conceptual drawing to start of production be no more than eight weeks. To achieve the accelerated schedule, Westinghouse decided to team with the part machining suppliers to develop a game plan that allowed for true concurrent engineering. The resulting plan was to complete the part design at the same time that all the machining tooling and manufacturing process development was being completed. As a result of combining the resources of the turbine manufacturer with those of the machining vendors, it was possible to implement a complicated part upgrade in a matter of weeks not months. By utilizing 3-D computer models to define the part configuration as well as to build the machining tools and develop the machining process, the team was able to meet the challenge. The final design was optimized for performance as well as ease of manufacturing. This paper describes the triumphs as well as some of the problems that the team encountered along the way to delivering the final engine hardware.
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Wilson, Nathan M., Raymond Q. Migrino, Leanne Harmann, Robert W. Prost, and John F. LaDisa. "Modeling and Realistic Simulation of the Carotid Artery Birfurcation Using 3-D Image Segmentation Implemented in a Commercial Software Package for Hemodynamic Simulation (cvSim™)." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193258.
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Stroke is the third leading cause of death and a major cause of disability in the United States. Extracranial carotid artery disease is a major risk factor for stroke. Local hemodynamic forces are important in the development and progression of atherogenesis with areas of low and oscillatory wall shear stress (WSS) such as those occurring in the carotid bifurcation being more prone to atheroma development. Despite the importance of WSS in atherosclerosis, there is currently no practical means of measuring this variable clinically. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations of patient-specific models built from imaging data may provide a clinically relevant solution [1]. For CFD results to be clinically applicable, they need to replicate hemodynamic and imaging measurements to provide physiologic WSS values and the simulation and quantification process must be conducted in a time-frame consistent with the short duration needed for plaque and intima-media thickness assessment. LaDisa, Migrino and colleagues recently reported on a rapid and practical means of generating WSS maps associated with carotid atherosclerosis using patient-specific CFD models derived from 2D and Doppler ultrasound for flow information and MRI for 3D structure before and after 6 months of statin treatment [2]. Although these results were achieved after 17±8 hours/patient instead of days or weeks for prior models, model construction, quantification of results and simulation time were the most time consuming portions of the simulation process with CFD model construction being the most user-intensive portion of the process.