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Szczygieł, Barbara, Bartosz Wanot, and Mariana Magerčiaková. "DEPRESSION DEFINITION, HISTORY OF VIEWS, RECOGNITION." Scientific Journal of Polonia University 30, no. 5 (October 29, 2018): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.23856/3010.
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The concept of depression includes clinical conditions whose main disorder concerns mood or affect. Traditionally, this group includes depressive disorders, mania and submaniacal states, and anxiety disorders. A light form of depression is often unrecognized. The person feels chronic fatigue, weariness and discouragement to life. Depression caused by reactive factors is manifested by a smaller number of psychosomatic symptoms. According to the WHO (World Health Organization) report, by 2020 depression may become the second largest health risk after cardiovascular disease. The clinical picture of depression is dominated primarily by the depressed mood, which is felt by the patient as a state of gloom, resignation, and sadness. The patient is unable to experience joy, happiness and satisfaction. Anhedonia appears, or inability to feel any pleasures. A separate problem is the recognition of depression in the elderly age, when symptoms characteristic to depression are very often considered a normal manifestation of the body aging or as an inherent element of the somatic disease. Currently, it is estimated that as many as 40% of cases of depression in people over 65 remain undiagnosed.
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Mamdani, F., B. Rollins, L. Morgan, R. M. Myers, J. D. Barchas, A. F. Schatzberg, S. J. Watson, et al. "Variable telomere length across post-mortem human brain regions and specific reduction in the hippocampus of major depressive disorder." Translational Psychiatry 5, no. 9 (September 2015): e636-e636. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/tp.2015.134.
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Abstract Stress can be a predisposing factor to psychiatric disorders and has been associated with decreased neurogenesis and reduced hippocampal volume especially in depression. Similarly, in white blood cells chronic psychological stress has been associated with telomere shortening and with mood disorders and schizophrenia (SZ). However, in previous post-mortem brain studies from occipital cortex and cerebellum, no difference in telomere length was observed in depression. We hypothesized that in psychiatric disorders, stress-driven accelerated cellular aging can be observed in brain regions particularly sensitive to stress. Telomere length was measured by quantitative-PCR in five brain regions (dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, hippocampus (HIPP), amygdala, nucleus accumbens and substantia nigra (SN)) in major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder, SZ and normal control subjects (N=40, 10 subjects per group). We observed significant differences in telomere length across brain regions suggesting variable levels of cell aging, with SN and HIPP having the longest telomeres and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex the shortest. A significant decrease (P<0.02) in telomere length was observed specifically in the HIPP of MDD subjects even after controlling for age. In the HIPP of MDD subjects, several genes involved in neuroprotection and in stress response (FKBP5, CRH) showed altered levels of mRNA. Our results suggest the presence of hippocampal stress-mediated accelerated cellular aging in depression. Further studies are needed to investigate the cellular specificity of these findings.
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Nasution, Huwainan Nisa, and Hadiq Firdausi. "PENDEKATAN DIAGNOSIS DAN TATALAKSANA GANGGUAN MOOD PADA USIA LANJUT." JURNAL KEDOKTERAN 6, no. 2 (May 3, 2021): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.36679/kedokteran.v6i2.333.
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Gangguan mood rentan diderita para penderita berusia lanjut. Statistik menunjukkan, terjadi peningkatan presentasi gangguan ini terutama pada penduduk lanjut usia. Hal ini kemungkinan disebabkan oleh gejala post power syndrome yang menyebabkan para lansia menjadi stres dan depresi. Penyebab lainnya yang dapat mencetuskan adalah penyakit komorbid yang menyertai kemudian menimbulkan pergantian mood yang cepat. Penyakit diabetes, tekanan darah tinggi, dan jantung koroner misalnya, diduga menyebabkan penderita merasa hilang kekuatan, kesulitan menyesuaikan diri, hingga akhirnya depresi. Kejadian bunuh diri pada usia lanjut yang mengalami gangguan mood juga dapat terjadi hampir setiap hari. Pentingnya deteksi dan diagnosis sejak dini merupakan hal yang penting demi mendapatkan terapi lebih dini. Gangguan mood pada usia lanjut bukanlah hal yang natural terkait proses penuaan, melainkan suatu gangguan patologis yang dapat diterapi.Kata kunci: gangguan mood, depresi, manik, usia lanjut, geriatri.
ABSTRACTMood disorders are susceptible to elderly sufferers. Statistics show, there is an increase in the presentation of mood disorder, especially in the elderly population. This is probably caused by the symptoms of post power syndrome which causes the elderly to become stressed and depressed. Other causes that can trigger are comorbid diseases that accompany and then cause rapid mood changes. Diabetes, hypertension, and coronary heart disease, for example, are thought to cause lost of strength, difficulty adjusting, and depression. Suicides in the elderly with mood disorders can also occur almost every day. The importance of early detection and diagnosis is important in order to get early therapy. Mood disorders in elderly are not a natural thing related to the aging process, but a pathological disorder that can be treated.Key words: mood disorders, depression, manic, elderly, geriatrics.
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Giles, K., P. Hall, H. Wilson, L. Macpherson, M. P. Martin-Hernandez, K. Thompson, and S. Bailey. "559 IDENTIFYING PATIENTS WITH MOOD DISORDER FOLLOWING ADMISSION WITH HIP FRACTURE WITH A VIEW TO STARTING TREATMENT & PROVIDE ADVICE." Age and Ageing 50, Supplement_2 (June 2021): ii8—ii13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afab116.21.
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Abstract Introduction The signs of depression in the elderly often go unnoticed. The MDT at RSCH observed that low mood could negatively impact on patient’s recovery, affecting pain thresholds and leading to poor engagement with rehabilitation. Proactive identification and management of mood disorder is an important part of CGA, but not routinely performed. The aim of this QI project is to improve identification and management of mood disorder in patients over 65 years admitted to RSCH with hip fractures by introducing a standardised assessment tool to guide appropriate interventions. Method Notes of patients with hip fracture admitted over a four-month period were retrospectively reviewed to establish if patients were screened for low mood. A mood screening tool, Cornell Score, was chosen and implemented by OT’s and junior doctors over a four-month period. Those identified with depression or probable depression were issued verbal advice, an information leaflet and follow-up arranged. Results Ninety-eight patients were included in the retrospective cohort; There was no indication that mood was considered or assessed at any point during admission. During the four-month prospective period, 86 patients (96%) were screened for low mood; 9% had major depression and 16% probable depression. Feedback from our occupational therapists and doctors was positive, with the tool being easy to use in patients with or without cognitive impairment. Much of the assessment could be incorporated into initial assessment or in gaining collateral history. Anecdotally, considering patients psychological well-being had a positive impact on inpatient therapy sessions guided the MDT in supporting the patient appropriately. Conclusion Implementation of a standardised and validated mood screening tool enabled us to identify that a quarter (25%) of the patients had, or probably had depression. This allowed us to intervene with simple measures such as verbal advice and an information leaflet and consider pharmacological intervention where appropriate.
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Schaakxs, R., H. C. Comijs, F. Lamers, A. T. F. Beekman, and B. W. J. H. Penninx. "Age-related variability in the presentation of symptoms of major depressive disorder." Psychological Medicine 47, no. 3 (October 27, 2016): 543–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291716002579.
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BackgroundThe heterogeneous aetiology of major depressive disorder (MDD) might affect the presentation of depressive symptoms across the lifespan. We examined to what extent a range of mood, cognitive, and somatic/vegetative depressive symptoms were differentially present depending on patient's age.MethodData came from 1404 participants with current MDD (aged 18–88 years) from two cohort studies: the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA) and the Netherlands Study of Depression in Older Persons (NESDO). Associations between age (per 10 years) and 30 depressive symptoms as well as three symptom clusters (mood, cognitive, somatic/vegetative) were assessed using logistic and linear regression analyses.ResultsDepression severity was found to be stable with increasing age. Nevertheless, 20 (67%) out of 30 symptoms were associated with age. Most clearly, with ageing there was more often early morning awakening [odds ratio (OR) 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.36–1.60], reduced interest in sex (OR 1.42, 95% CI 1.31–1.53), and problems sleeping during the night (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.24–1.43), whereas symptoms most strongly associated with younger age were interpersonal sensitivity (OR 0.72, 95% CI 0.66–0.79), feeling irritable (OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.67–0.79), and sleeping too much (OR 0.75, 95% CI 0.68–0.83). The sum score of somatic/vegetative symptoms was associated with older age (B = 0.23, p < 0.001), whereas the mood and cognitive sum scores were associated with younger age (B = −0.20, p < 0.001; B = −0.04, p = 0.004).ConclusionsDepression severity was found to be stable across the lifespan, yet depressive symptoms tend to shift with age from being predominantly mood-related to being more somatic/vegetative. Due to the increasing somatic presentation of depression with age, diagnoses may be missed.
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Garcia-Martin, Isabel, Richard J. A. Penketh, Samantha M. Garay, Rhiannon E. Jones, Julia W. Grimstead, Duncan M. Baird, and Rosalind M. John. "Symptoms of Prenatal Depression Associated with Shorter Telomeres in Female Placenta." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 14 (July 12, 2021): 7458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22147458.
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Background. Depression is a common mood disorder during pregnancy impacting one in every seven women. Children exposed to prenatal depression are more likely to be born at a low birth weight and develop chronic diseases later in life. A proposed hypothesis for this relationship between early exposure to adversity and poor outcomes is accelerated aging. Telomere length has been used as a biomarker of cellular aging. We used high-resolution telomere length analysis to examine the relationship between placental telomere length distributions and maternal mood symptoms in pregnancy. Methods. This study utilised samples from the longitudinal Grown in Wales (GiW) study. Women participating in this study were recruited at their presurgical appointment prior to a term elective caesarean section (ELCS). Women completed the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and trait subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Telomere length distributions were generated using single telomere length analysis (STELA) in 109 term placenta (37–42 weeks). Multiple linear regression was performed to examine the relationship between maternally reported symptoms of depression and anxiety at term and mean placental telomere length. Results: Prenatal depression symptoms were significantly negatively associated with XpYp telomere length in female placenta (B = −0.098, p = 0.026, 95% CI −0.184, −0.012). There was no association between maternal depression symptoms and telomere length in male placenta (B = 0.022, p = 0.586, 95% CI −0.059, 0.103). There was no association with anxiety symptoms and telomere length for either sex. Conclusion: Maternal prenatal depression is associated with sex-specific differences in term placental telomeres. Telomere shortening in female placenta may indicate accelerated placental aging.
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Matos Queirós, Alcina, Armin von Gunten, Manuela Martins, Nathalie I. H. Wellens, and Henk Verloo. "The Forgotten Psychopathology of Depressed Long-Term Care Facility Residents: A Call for Evidence-Based Practice." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2021): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000514118.
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<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> As Earth’s population is rapidly aging, the question of how best to care for its older adults suffering from psychiatric disorders is becoming a constant and growing preoccupation. Depression is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among older adults, and depressed nursing home residents are at a particularly high risk of a decreased quality of life. The complex requirements of supporting and caring for depressed older adults in nursing homes demand the development and implementation of innovative clinical and organizational models that can ensure early identification of the disorder and high-quality multidisciplinary services for dealing with it. This perspective article aims to provide an overview of the literature and the state of the art of and the urgent need for research on the epidemiology and clinical treatment of depression among older adults. <b><i>Method:</i></b> In collaboration with a medical librarian, we conducted literature and bibliometric reviews of published articles in Medline Ovid SP from inception until September 30, 2020, to identify studies related to depression, depressive symptoms, mood disorders, dementia, cognitive disorders, and health complications in long-term care facilities and nursing homes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> We had 38,777 and 40,277 hits for depression and dementia, respectively, in long-term care facilities or nursing homes. The search equation found 536 and 1,447 studies exploring depression and dementia, respectively, and their related health complications in long-term care facilities or nursing homes. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Depression’s relationships with other health complications have been poorly studied in long-term care facilities and nursing homes. More research is needed to understand them better.
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Ajilore, Olu, Lisa T. Eyler, Sara Weisenbach, Brent Forester, Michael Rohan, and David Harper. "Brain and Biological Markers of Aging in Late-Life Mood Disorders: Implications for Understanding and Treating Geriatric Depression and Bipolar Disorder." American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry 26, no. 3 (March 2018): S20—S21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jagp.2018.01.033.
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CICCHETTI, DANTE, and ELAINE F. WALKER. "Editorial: Stress and development: Biological and psychological consequences." Development and Psychopathology 13, no. 3 (September 2001): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579401003017.
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This Special Issue of Development and Psychopathology is devoted to the psychological and biological consequences of stress across the developmental course. Contributions in this Special Issue address topics that are central to elucidating the impact that stress exerts on developmental outcomes. These issues are investigated through examining a diverse array of populations, including rodent and nonhuman primate samples, as well as cohorts of maltreated children and adolescents with and without posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), children who were adopted from Romanian orphanages at differing points during infancy, aging Holocaust survivors and their offspring, children with depressive disorder, adolescents with schizotypal personality disorder, and adults with bipolar and unipolar mood disorders.
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Giannouli, Vaitsa, and Nikolaos Syrmos. "A 2-YEAR PRELIMINARY LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL FUNCTIONING IN HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDITIS UNDER LEVOTHYROXINE TREATMENT: ONLY TRAIL MAKING TEST IS MAKING A DIFFERENCE." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 11, no. 1 (December 25, 2017): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/17.11.15.
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Few studies have examined longitudinally depression, stress and cognition in Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis (HT) under levothyroxine (LT4) treatment. Although HT is claimed to cause several mood changes and cognitive deficits in patients who are left untreated, we still know little about the longitudinal profile of these patients when they are under stable treatment. Sixteen middle-aged euthyroid HT women and sixteen healthy control women were examined with a detailed neuropsychological battery covering different cognitive functions (attention, visual and verbal memory, executive functions and mood), and with thyroid functions tests at three time points at one and two years post-baseline. Depression and perceived stress, along with verbal and visual memory were found to be stable at a two-year retesting in euthyroid HT women. Only TMT-Parts A and B deteriorated at one and two years in euthyroid HT. Although impaired performance in attention and executive deficits are linked with heighted levels of depression and stress, here they were not accompanied by changes in mood. The present study failed to detect any noticeable changes longitudinally in the cognitive and emotional function in euthyroid HT women under stable and continuous LT4 treatment. Patients’ restricted deficits may indicate that the decline in attention and executive functioning performance might be related to the effects of a specific progressive degenerative process associated with the disorder, rather than the effects of aging. Keywords: Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis, depression, stress, longitudinal neuropsychological assessment, LT4 treatment.
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Bernacchio, Charles, Connie McReynolds, Donna Falvo, Jeff Stevens, Robert Cimera, and Ebony Hogan. "Psychosocial Characteristics of Aging Persons with Psychiatric Disabilities Seeking VR." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 40, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.40.2.5.
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The occurrence of psychiatric conditions among people 55 years and older ranges from dementia, cognitive disorders, depression/mood and anxiety disorders, to severe mental illness (i.e., schizophrenia, bipolar disorders) and substance abuse disorders. The National Institute of Mental Health (2009) identified depression as the major mental health concern for older citizens in general. Attention to the older vocational rehabilitation (VR) population with psychiatric conditions is relatively recent, and evidence suggests that middle-aged and older people with mental illness are understudied and underserved in the field of vocational rehabilitation. This article presents a description of the 50 to 69 year old cohort of persons with psychiatric conditions who were served by VR from 2002 to 2006 nationally as compared to North Carolina (NC) state VR data for the same period of time, discusses public funding for mental health treatment of this group and the role of health insurance parity, and addresses potential implications and needs for future research for this population.
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Nurwela, Trifonia Sri, Marlina S. Mahajudin, and Sri Adiningsih. "The effectiveness of laugh therapy to decrease depression level in the elderly at Griya Usila st. Yosep Surabaya and panti werdha Bhakti Luhur Sidoarjo." Jurnal Ilmiah Kedokteran Wijaya Kusuma 4, no. 1 (June 12, 2017): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30742/jikw.v4i1.20.
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The aging process is a natural process where an elderly experiences the changing biological, cognitive, psychological, and spiritual. Those chances influence the elderly health in both biological and psychological including the chance or mental health disorders towards an elderly which influences the quality of life such as mood disorder and depression. The managing of depression in the elderly could be done by laugh therapy. Laugh therapy is a therapy method by utilizing laugh in order to assist each person to reduce a problem in both physical disorder and mental disorder. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of laugh therapy on the decreasing of depression level for elderly. It included quasi- experimental study was condected at Griya Usila St. Yosef and in Werdha Bhakti Luhur House in Sidoarjo by utilizing non randomized control pretest posttest design. The sample used in this research the inclusion criteria was 35 people which were divided into treatment group and control group. The treatment group was 19 people and control group was 16 people. The elderly in Griya Usila St. Yosef was as treatment group and the elderly in Panti Wedha Bhakti Luhur was as control group. Both groups performed pretest and postet at the same time to determine the level depression using by Geriatric Depression Scale/GDS. Mann Whitney Test results z = -5.105 and p = 0.000 There are significant differences in changes in the level of depression in the treated.Mann Whitney Test to test the difference in value of the Geriatric Depression Scale(GDS) z = -4.368 and p = 0.000 that was significant differences in the difference in the value of the GDS between the treated group and control group. Laughter therapy is effective in lowering the rate of depression in the elderly. The conclusion is the laugh therapy is effective in reducing the depression level in the elderly at Griya Usila St. Yosef Surabaya and Panti Werdha Luhur Sidoarjo
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Güenter, Letícia, Gabriel Behr Gomes Jardim, Francisco Pascoal Jr, Lucas Spanemberg, Marco Antônio Pacheco, Vanessa Sgnaolin, and Alfredo Cataldo Neto. "Estudo comparativo do perfil de idosos atendidos em um hospital terciário: ambulatório de psiquiatria geriátrica e unidade de internação psiquiátrica." PAJAR - Pan American Journal of Aging Research 7, no. 2 (September 9, 2019): 34069. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/2357-9641.2019.2.34069.
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AIMS: To verify the profile of the elderly and their main diagnoses in the geriatrics psychiatric outpatient clinic and the psychiatric hospitalization unit of a tertiary hospital. METHODS: A cross-sectional study of population-based was performed in a tertiary referral hospital, with individuals aged ≥55 years attending the geriatric psychiatric outpatient clinic and psychiatric hospitalization, from 2014 to 2018. Data were collected through interviews. The studied variables were sociodemographic and clinical aspects. RESULTS: A total of 497 individuals were evaluated, 269 from the psychiatric outpatient clinic and 228 from the psychiatric hospital. The mean age was 69.34±8.87 years. Most of the patients were female (75.8%), had no partner (56.3%), had primary education (50.3%), lived in Porto Alegre (75.6%) and were retired (66.5%). According to the clinical variables studied, 89.6% of the individuals had some morbidity, 36.9% had already been admitted to the psychiatric ward, the most common diagnosis was depression (40.8%), followed by bipolar disorder (19%) and anxiety (14.1%). CONCLUSIONS: With the population aging, it is expected to increase morbidity and mental disorders, requiring more specific diagnostic tools and better treatment approaches. There are still no consistent data on the management of mood disorders in the elderly, so our study can guide a better care for elderly and aging individuals, improving the planning of health services and policies.
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Kaplan, N., M. Leavitt, and J. Miller. "A-63 The Fatigue Severity Scale and Depression in an Aging Population." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 6 (July 25, 2019): 923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acz034.63.
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Abstract Objective The Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) is often used in clinical populations in which fatigue is a common symptom (e.g., multiple sclerosis). Despite the prevalence of fatigue in depression, relatively few investigations have examined the relationship between the FSS and mood symptoms, particularly in aging populations with concerns of memory loss. Thus, the primary aim of the present investigation was to elucidate the relationship between fatigue symptoms and depression among older adults evaluated in a cognitive disorders clinic. Method Data were collected as part of a neuropsychological battery administered to patients presenting to clinic due to complaints of memory impairment. Scores on the FSS and the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) were collected from 430 patients (48.10% women). Mean age was 74.97 years (SD = 5.81) and 147 subjects were diagnosed with depression, based on a score of 10 or above on the GDS. Results We observed a small, but significant inverse relationship between age and scores on the FSS [r = -.103, p = .033], such that older adults endorsed less severe fatigue. A moderate, positive relationship between FSS and GDS was observed [r = .416, p = .000]. Comparing FSS endorsement between depressed and non-depressed individuals finds individuals with depression endorsed significantly greater levels of fatigue than non-depressed individuals, even after accounting for the effects of age [F(1, 427) = 85.79. p < .001; Cohen's d = 0.96]. Conclusion Present findings suggest that older adults do not necessarily endorse higher rates of fatigue on the FSS. However, the presence of depression in older adults has large effects on fatigue severity.
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Kalapala, Gangadhar Rao, B. Ravi Zechariah, PK Babu, Thufail, Sailu, and Srujan. "A study on the effectiveness of music therapy on depression among elderly people at selected old age home: An epidemiological study on public health perspective in Hyderabad." Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences 3, no. 3 (August 15, 2017): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32463/rphs.2017.v03i03.17.
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Background: Aging is a worldwide issue in our society, Elderly people living in old age homes may suffer from sadness, pain, and isolation. Many of them may experience seasonal affective disorder (SAD). SAD is a common condition where individuals present with depressed mood, loss of interest or pleasure, feelings of guilt, disturbed sleep and/or appetite, low energy and poor concentration. Music has been used more and more frequently and consciously as a mean of care to reduce or stabilize symptoms and/or complications arising therefrom. Method: The study employs the pre-test and post-test for assessing the level of depression among the elderly persons in the old age homes, and with respect to the demographic variables which are used for assessing the levels of depression among both males and females from the study. Results: Findings clearly showed that there was mild level of depression among elderly people before the intervention and the level of depression was decrease after the intervention (music therapy. The study finding show that, the mean post – level of depression scores (1.53) was lower than the mean pre-test score (2.03). Overall 63.3% of samples 38 have mild depression and 20% of the samples 12 have severe depression and remaining are normal in pre-test. Conclusion: The study findings were supported by a pre-experimental study, conducted to investigate the effective of music therapy on depression among elderly people staying in the old age home.
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Cojocariu, Roxana, Alin Ciobica, Ioana-Miruna Balmus, Samson Guenne, Anca Trifan, Carol Stanciu, Luminita Hrițcu, and Radu Lefter. "Antioxidant Capacity and Behavioral Relevance of a Polyphenolic Extract of Chrysanthellum americanum in a Rat Model of Irritable Bowel Syndrome." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (August 14, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3492767.
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Chrysanthellum americanum L. (Vatke) is a medicinal plant from the Compositae family used in west-African traditional medicine, known for its flavonoid and saponin richness and for its strong antioxidant potential. In the present study, we assessed the effects of Chrysanthellum americanum polyphenolic extract in the psychological stress-induced rat model of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic functional digestive tract disorder marked by immune and inflammatory-related disturbances of central nervous and peripheral intestinal systems, which is often associated with mood disorders including depression and anxiety. Consequently, memory impairment, anxiety and depression behavioral indicators, and cerebral oxidative stress biomarker dynamics were evaluated in a multifactorial heterotypic stress-exposed IBS rats after 6-day gavage with polyphenolic C. americanum extract (100 mg/kg body weight). Y-maze, elevated plus maze, and forced swimming tests were used for assessing behavioral responses. Administration of the extract exhibited significant anxiolytic and antidepressant-like effects coupled with significantly increased temporal lobe antioxidant enzyme specific activity (superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase) and decreased malondialdehyde levels, a well-known lipid peroxidation marker. Furthermore, linear regression statistical analyses showed significant correlations between the oxidative stress parameters and behavioral tests. In conclusion, our results suggest that the administration of Chrysanthellum americanum polyphenolic extract could ameliorate mood and cognitive disturbances related to stress-induced in an IBS rat model. This could be also related to cerebral oxidative stress status attenuation.
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Souza-Monteiro, José Rogério, Gabriela P. F. Arrifano, Ana Isabelle D. G. Queiroz, Bruna S. F. Mello, Charllyany S. Custódio, Danielle S. Macêdo, Moisés Hamoy, et al. "Antidepressant and Antiaging Effects of Açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.) in Mice." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (July 24, 2019): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/3614960.
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Depression is a mental disorder that affects 300 million people of all ages worldwide, but fewer than half of those with the condition receive adequate treatment. In addition, the high pharmacological refractoriness (affecting 30%-50% of patients) and toxicity of some classical antidepressants support the pursuit of new therapies. People with this condition show depressed mood, loss of pleasure, high levels of oxidative stress, and accelerated biological aging (decreased telomere length and expression of the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT), the enzyme responsible for telomere maintenance). Because of the close relationship between depression and oxidative stress, nutraceuticals with antioxidant properties are excellent candidates for therapy. This study represents the first investigation of the possible antidepressant and antiaging effects of commercial samples of clarified açaí (Euterpe oleracea) juice (EO). This fruit is rich in antioxidants and widely consumed. In this study, mice were treated with saline or EO (10 μL/g, oral) for 4 days and then with saline or lipopolysaccharide (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) to induce depressive-like behavior. Only four doses of EO were enough to abolish the despair-like and anhedonia behaviors and alterations observed in electromyographic measurements. The antidepression effect of EO was similar to that of imipramine and associated with antioxidant and antiaging effects (preventing lipid peroxidation and increasing TERT mRNA expression, respectively) in three major brain regions involved in depression (hippocampus, striatum, and prefrontal cortex). Additionally, EO significantly protected hippocampal cells, preventing neuronal loss associated with the depressive-like state and nitrite level increases (an indirect marker of nitric oxide production). Moreover, EO alone significantly increased TERT mRNA expression, revealing for the first time a potent antiaging action in the brain that suggests neuroprotection against long-term age-related consequences.
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Feinstein, Anthony. "The Clinical Neuropsychiatry of Multiple Sclerosis." CNS Spectrums 10, no. 5 (May 2005): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900022720.
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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common cause of neurological disability in young and middle-aged adults. Although Charcot noted behavioral changes associated with MS, nearly a century would elapse before researchers began defining their full extent and severity. Broadly speaking, abnormalities may be divided into those of mood and cognition. Many patients are afflicted with both and it is essential that clinicians are not only aware of this but understand how to detect problems and provide treatment.The lifetime prevalence of major depression in MS patients approaches 50%. As Scott B. Patten, MD, and colleagues note, these data came from specialist clinics with the potential for ascertainment bias. Shifting their inquiry into a large community-based sample, they report that the rates of mood disorder remain elevated largely in younger MS patients. While it is partly reassuring to find that aging comes with at least one benefit, the gist of this study is to reinforce the message that clinically significant depression is a problem for MS patients. Not only does it adversely affect quality of life and lead to increased suicidal thinking, it exerts more subtle deleterious effects as Peter A. Arnett, PhD, reveals. In a longitudinal study exploring the relationship between depression and cognition, Arnett reports that MS patients with prominent evaluative symptoms of depression (ie, feelings of inferiority, failure) have greater difficulty with cognitive tasks that encompass information processing speed and executive function linked to working memory. A preoccupation with negative thoughts may reduce the cognitive capacity necessary for aspects of attention and working memory.These data complement the review article of Ralph H.B. Benedict, PhD, ABPP-CN, that focuses on methods of detecting cognitive dysfunction in MS. As with mood disorders, impaired cognition has been linked to difficulties with work, relationships, and, in more extreme cases, basic activities of daily living. Usually, the more subtle pattern of deficits associated with demyelination differ from those seen in cortical-type dementias and will be missed should clinicians rely on screening instruments like the Mini-Mental State Examination. At the same time, the method of choice for eliciting deficits, namely neuropsychological testing is expensive and frequently not readily available. This has meant that alternative instruments, like the Multiple Sclerosis Neuropsychological Screening Questionnaire, assume an added prominence. With good sensitivity, specificity, and ease of administration this informant based scale makes a useful addendum to the neurological examination. It is in the same light that the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) rating scale by Laury Chamelian, MD, FRCPC, and colleagues should be viewed.
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Saavedra, Juan M. "Angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockers as treatments for inflammatory brain disorders." Clinical Science 123, no. 10 (July 23, 2012): 567–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20120078.
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The effects of brain AngII (angiotensin II) depend on AT1 receptor (AngII type 1 receptor) stimulation and include regulation of cerebrovascular flow, autonomic and hormonal systems, stress, innate immune response and behaviour. Excessive brain AT1 receptor activity associates with hypertension and heart failure, brain ischaemia, abnormal stress responses, blood–brain barrier breakdown and inflammation. These are risk factors leading to neuronal injury, the incidence and progression of neurodegerative, mood and traumatic brain disorders, and cognitive decline. In rodents, ARBs (AT1 receptor blockers) ameliorate stress-induced disorders, anxiety and depression, protect cerebral blood flow during stroke, decrease brain inflammation and amyloid-β neurotoxicity and reduce traumatic brain injury. Direct anti-inflammatory protective effects, demonstrated in cultured microglia, cerebrovascular endothelial cells, neurons and human circulating monocytes, may result not only in AT1 receptor blockade, but also from PPARγ (peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor γ) stimulation. Controlled clinical studies indicate that ARBs protect cognition after stroke and during aging, and cohort analyses reveal that these compounds significantly reduce the incidence and progression of Alzheimer's disease. ARBs are commonly used for the therapy of hypertension, diabetes and stroke, but have not been studied in the context of neurodegenerative, mood or traumatic brain disorders, conditions lacking effective therapy. These compounds are well-tolerated pleiotropic neuroprotective agents with additional beneficial cardiovascular and metabolic profiles, and their use in central nervous system disorders offers a novel therapeutic approach of immediate translational value. ARBs should be tested for the prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative disorders, in particular Alzheimer's disease, affective disorders, such as co-morbid cardiovascular disease and depression, and traumatic brain injury.
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Antunes, Hanna Karen Moreira, Sérgio Garcia Stella, Ruth Ferreira Santos, Orlando Francisco Amodeu Bueno, and Marco Túlio de Mello. "Depression, anxiety and quality of life scores in seniors after an endurance exercise program." Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria 27, no. 4 (December 2005): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-44462005000400003.
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OBJECTIVE: Mood disorders are a frequent problem in old age, and their symptoms constitute an important public health issue. These alterations affect the quality of life mainly by restricting social life. The participation in a regular exercise program is an effective way of reducing or preventing the functional decline associated with aging. The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of fitness-endurance activity (at the intensity of Ventilatory Threshold 1 (VT-1)) in depression, anxiety and quality of life scores in seniors. METHODS: The study involved 46 sedentary seniors aged 60-75 (66.97 ± 4.80) who were randomly allocated to two groups: 1) Control group, which was neither asked to vary their everyday activities nor to join a regular physical fitness program; and 2) Experimental group, whose members took part in an aerobic fitness program consisting of ergometer cycle sessions 3 times a week on alternate days for six months working at a heart rate corresponding to ventilatory threshold (VT-1) intensity. Subjects were submitted to a basal evaluation using the geriatric depression screening scale - GDS, STAI trait/state (anxiety scale) and SF-36 (quality of life scale). RESULTS: Comparing the groups after the study period, we found a significant decrease in depressive and anxiety scores and an improvement in the quality of life in the experimental group, but no significant changes in the control group. CONCLUSION: The data suggest that an aerobic exercise program at VT-1 intensity suffices to promote favorable modifications in depressive and anxiety scores to improve the quality of life in seniors.
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Opdebeeck, C., F. E. Matthews, Y.-T. Wu, R. T. Woods, C. Brayne, and L. Clare. "Cognitive reserve as a moderator of the negative association between mood and cognition: evidence from a population-representative cohort." Psychological Medicine 48, no. 1 (May 19, 2017): 61–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171700126x.
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BackgroundCognitive reserve (CR) has been associated with better cognitive function and lower risk of depression in older people, yet it remains unclear whether CR moderates the association between mood and cognition. This study aimed to investigate whether a comprehensive indicator of CR, including education, occupation and engagement in cognitive and social activities, acts as a moderator of this association.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study utilising baseline data from the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II (CFAS II), a large population-based cohort of people aged 65+ in England. Complete data on the measures of CR, mood and cognition were available for 6565 dementia-free individuals. Linear regression models were used to investigate the potential modifying effect of CR on the association between cognition and mood with adjustment for age, sex and missing data.ResultsLevels of CR did moderate the negative association between mood and cognition; the difference in cognition between those with and without a clinical level mood disorder was significantly smaller in the middle (−2.28; 95% confidence interval (CI) −3.65 to −0.90) and higher (−1.30; 95% CI −2.46 to −0.15) CR groups compared with the lower CR group (−4.01; 95% CI −5.53 to −2.49). The individual components of CR did not significantly moderate the negative association between mood and cognition.ConclusionThese results demonstrate that CR, indexed by a composite score based on multiple indicators, can moderate the negative association between lowered mood and cognition, emphasising the importance of continuing to build CR across the lifespan in order to maintain cognitive health.
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Sloan, Eileen P., Alastair J. Flint, Lawrence Reinish, and Colin M. Shapiro. "Circadian Rhythms and Psychiatric Disorders in the Elderly." Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology 9, no. 4 (December 1996): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089198879600900402.
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This article reviews changes in circadian rhythms that have been reported to occur in the elderly psychiatric population. Data relating to circadian changes in normal aging are included where relevant. Information was obtained from: (1) a computerized MEDLINE search from 1975 to May 1996; (2) a review of bibliographies of papers obtained through the computerized search; and (3) texts on chronobiology. We could not locate any information relating to circadian rhythms and mania, anxiety, or paranoid disorders in old age. Disruption to the sleep/wake cycle, temperature, melatonin, and motor activity rhythms have been reported in dementia and depression, and disruption to some neuroendocrine and cardiovascular rhythms are reported in dementia. Disruption to circadian rhythmicity has implications for the management of dementia patients: for example, the sleep/wake and behavioral disturbances, and for the long-term management of mood disorders. A number of circadian markers have not been studied and several patient groups have received no research attention to date.
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Cardoso, Carlos, Cláudia Afonso, and Narcisa M. Bandarra. "Dietary DHA and health: cognitive function ageing." Nutrition Research Reviews 29, no. 2 (November 21, 2016): 281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954422416000184.
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AbstractDHA is a key nutritional n-3 PUFA and needs to be supplied by the human diet. DHA is found in significant amounts in the retinal and neuronal cell membranes due to its high fluidity. Indeed, DHA is selectively concentrated in the synaptic and retinal membranes. DHA is deemed to display anti-inflammatory properties and to reduce the risk of CVD. Consumption of larger amounts of DHA appears to reduce the risk of depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and mood disorders. Conversely, it has been shown that loss of DHA from the nerve cell membrane leads to dysfunction of the central nervous system in the form of anxiety, irritability, susceptibility to stress, dyslexia, impaired memory and cognitive functions, and extended reaction times. DHA plays an important role in ensuring a healthy ageing, by thwarting macular degeneration, Alzheimer’s disease, and other brain disorders at the same time as enhancing memory and strengthening neuroprotection in general. A reduced level of DHA is associated with cognitive decline during ageing. Different mechanisms for this fundamental DHA role have been put forward. Namely, neuroprotectin D1, a DHA derivative, may support brain cell survival and repair through neurotrophic, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory signalling. Many of the effects of DHA on the neurological system may be related to signalling connections, thus leading to the study of the related signalolipidomics. Therefore, the present review will focus on the influence of DHA deficiency upon ageing, with specific emphasis upon neurological disorders related to cognitive function and mental health.
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Gass, P., D. Inta, A. Luoni, and M. A. Riva. "Differential Effects of MGluR5 Receptor Blockade on Behavior, Schizophrenia-relevant Gene Expression and Neuronal Activation Patterns from Development to Aging Mice." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.2048.
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IntroductionThe glutamate system is implicated both in mood disorders and schizophrenia. Mice lacking metabotropic mGlu5 receptors (mGluR5 KO) display schizophrenia-like abnormalities. Additionally, mGluR5 antagonists represent promising alternative anxiolytics/antidepressants. However, the underlying age-specific molecular/cellular mechanisms are only partially understood.ObjectivesWe aimed at identifying molecular alterations associated with a genetically induced mGluR5 deletion, which results in a schizophrenia-like phenotype. Additionally, we investigated age-specific effects of mGluR5 antagonists on emotional behaviour and c-fos activation.MethodsFor analysis of mRNA and protein levels we performed Real-time RT-PCR and Western blot investigations of brains from mGluR5 KO and wild-type mice. Additionally we used classical behavioral tests for determining anxiety- and depression-like changes triggered by the mGluR5 antagonist 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)pyridine (MPEP). Finally, we used profiling of c-Fos expression, as marker of neuronal activity, induced by MPEP from postnatal day 16 (P16) to adulthood (P90).ResultsWe found reduced expression levels of reelin, GAD65, GAD67, parvalbumin, as well as NMDA and AMPA receptor subunits in mGluR5 KO mice, especially in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). We measured age-specific alterations in emotional behaviour of mGluR5 KO mice, with marked increase of anxiety during aging. There was a remarkably conserved activation of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, implicated in stress regulation, by MPEP at all investigated ages, whereas the extended amygdala was specifically activated in adulthood only.ConclusionsOur animal data provide new insights into the potential role of mGluR5 in neurochemical and behavioural changes associated with schizophrenia and mood disorders during the lifespan.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Kim, Chong-Su, Lina Cha, Minju Sim, Sungwoong Jung, Woo Young Chun, Hyun Wook Baik, and Dong-Mi Shin. "Probiotic Supplementation Improves Cognitive Function and Mood with Changes in Gut Microbiota in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Trial." Journals of Gerontology: Series A 76, no. 1 (April 17, 2020): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gerona/glaa090.
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Abstract Probiotics have been proposed to ameliorate cognitive impairment and depressive disorder via the gut–brain axis in patients and experimental animal models. However, the beneficial role of probiotics in brain functions of healthy older adults remains unclear. Therefore, a randomized, double-blind, and placebo-controlled multicenter trial was conducted to determine the effects of probiotics on cognition and mood in community-dwelling older adults. Sixty-three healthy elders (≥65 years) consumed either placebo or probiotics containing Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and Bifidobacterium longum BORI for 12 weeks. The gut microbiota was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatics. Brain functions were measured using the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s disease, Satisfaction with life scale, stress questionnaire, Geriatric depression scale, and Positive affect and negative affect schedule. Blood brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Relative abundance of inflammation-causing gut bacteria was significantly reduced at Week 12 in the probiotics group (p < .05). The probiotics group showed greater improvement in mental flexibility test and stress score than the placebo group (p < .05). Contrary to placebo, probiotics significantly increased serum BDNF level (p < .05). Notably, the gut microbes significantly shifted by probiotics (Eubacterium and Clostridiales) showed significant negative correlation with serum BDNF level only in the probiotics group (RS = −0.37, RS = −0.39, p < .05). In conclusion, probiotics promote mental flexibility and alleviate stress in healthy older adults, along with causing changes in gut microbiota. These results provide evidence supporting health-promoting properties of probiotics as a part of healthy diet in the older adults.
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França, Alex Bacadini, Adam Lee Gordon, Rajvinder Samra, Evelise Saia Rodolpho Duarte, and Alessandro Ferrari Jacinto. "Symptoms of mood disorders in family carers of older people with dementia who experience caregiver burden: a network approach." Age and Ageing 49, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 628–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa008.
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Abstract Background informal carers of people with dementia are at greater risk of anxiety and depressive disorders if they find caregiving to be a burden. The aim of this study was to use a network analysis of cross-sectional data to investigate the relationships between anxiety and depressive symptoms in family carers of older people with dementia who experience burden. Methods sixty family carers exhibiting high levels of burden using the Zarit Burden Interview were included in the study. Participants completed the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. The network analysis identified the depression and anxiety symptom network using features including a topological graph, network centrality metrics and community analysis. The network was estimated through the graphical LASSO technique in combination with a walktrap algorithm to obtain the clusters within the network and the connections between the nodes (symptoms). A directed acyclic graph was generated to model symptom interactions. Results the resulting network architecture shows important bridges between depression and anxiety symptoms. Lack of pleasure and loss of enjoyment were identified as potential gateway symptoms to other anxiety and depression symptoms and represent possible therapeutic targets for psychosocial interventions. Fear and loss of optimism were highly central symptoms, indicating their importance as warning signs of more generalised anxiety and depression. Conclusions this network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms in overburdened family carers provides important insights as to what symptoms may be the most important targets for behavioural interventions.
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Sabet, S. M., N. D. Dautovich, and J. M. Dzierzewski. "0185 Sleep Behaviors and Thoughts as Links Between Social Rhythmicity and Depressive Symptoms." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.183.
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Abstract Introduction Disturbances in social circadian rhythms (e.g. regularity of meals and social interactions) and poor sleep are two potential factors that may contribute to the development of mood disorders. To date, no studies have investigated sleep behaviors (e.g. sleep health) and sleep thoughts (e.g. sleep self-efficacy) as potential links between social rhythmicity and mental health outcomes. The current study explored whether (1) higher social rhythmicity predicted fewer symptoms of depression and whether (2) sleep health and sleep self-efficacy act as mechanisms underlying this association. Methods An archival analysis was performed using data from an online study, Investigating Sleep Across Normal Development (ISLAND Study). The sample consisted of 4,261 adults aged 18+. Measures of social rhythmicity (SRM-10), sleep self-efficacy (SES), sleep health (RU SATED), and depressive symptoms (PHQ-2) were utilized. Age and gender were included as covariates in mediation analyses. Results The overall model was significant, p < .0001 and 26.4% of the total variance was accounted for by social rhythmicity. Controlling for covariates, higher social rhythmicity was directly associated with fewer depressive symptoms (95% CI [.0326, .0420]). Additionally, both sleep health 95% CI [.0034, .0078] and sleep self-efficacy [.0119, .0169] significantly mediated the association between social rhythmicity and depressive symptoms. Conclusion Individuals who have higher levels of daily routine regularity experienced less depressive symptoms than those who are more irregular in their daily routines. Furthermore, individuals who had more regular lifestyle habits were more likely to engage in healthy sleep behaviors and thoughts. Thoughts and behaviors are common factors that may have an impact on mental health given their daily reoccurrence. Also, as these factors are modifiable they could be targeted to potentially reduce depressive symptoms. Future research should continue to examine the link between social rhythmicity and sleep behaviors and thoughts on various health outcomes. Support This work was supported by the National Institute on Aging (K23AG049955, PI: Dzierzewski).
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König, Maximilian, Maik Gollasch, Dominik Spira, Nikolaus Buchmann, Werner Hopfenmüller, Elisabeth Steinhagen-Thiessen, and Ilja Demuth. "Mild-to-Moderate Chronic Kidney Disease and Geriatric Outcomes: Analysis of Cross-Sectional Data from the Berlin Aging Study II." Gerontology 64, no. 2 (November 29, 2017): 118–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000484140.
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Background: Mild-to-moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD G3a) is prevalent in older adults. Substantial evidence suggests that individuals with advanced CKD face a high risk for common geriatric conditions, like functional impairment and cognitive decline, whereas the relationships between mild-to-moderate CKD and functional impairment and cognitive decline, but also poor nutritional status and mood disorders, are still unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore associations between mild-to-moderate CKD and impairments in the core domains of geriatric assessment (GA) in a large cohort of community-dwelling older adults. Methods: This was a cross-sectional analysis of 1,476 participants of the Berlin Aging Study II. Study participants were stratified as to presence or absence of CKD G3a (estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] 45-59 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2). GA comprised the following instruments: the Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADL), the Timed up and Go (TUG), the Tinetti test (Tinetti), the Mini-Mental-State Examination (MMSE), the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and the Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA). We used logistic regression models to estimate multivariable-adjusted associations between CKD G3a and impairments in the respective domains. Results: A total of 282 subjects with mild-to-moderate CKD (CKD G3a) were identified (19.1%). Overall, the prevalence of impairments identified was higher among subjects with compared to without CKD G3a (21 vs. 15.9%, p = 0.043). In multivariable-adjusted models, CKD G3a was consistently associated with increased odds of an impaired gait performance as to the TUG (adjusted odds ratio 2.06, 95% CI 1.04-4.09). In contrast, on average, individuals with and without CKD G3a did not differ as to their results in the MMSE, the ADL, the MNA, and the GDS. Conclusion: GA identified impairments in 21 versus 15.9% of older adults with and without mild-to-moderate CKD, respectively. However, except for an increased likelihood of impaired gait performance (TUG) with mild-to-moderate CKD, we did not find independent associations between mild-to-moderate CKD and geriatric conditions.
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Składzień, Jacek, and Anna Skalska. "Challenges of modern medicine - geriatric otolaryngology or the advantages of cooperation between an otolaryngologist and a geriatrician." Otolaryngologia Polska 72, no. 6 (November 6, 2018): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.7218.
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Advanced age is often burdened with many deficits that are a consequence of the aging process, unfavorable lifestyle and multi-morbidity. They contribute to increased morbidity and disability of the older people. Laryngological problems often concern seniors, particularly progressing with age hearing impairment, dizziness, balance disorders, epistaxis, nasopharyngeal diseases, larynx, sinuses, and salivary glands disorders. They are not only a health threat, such as head and neck cancer, but they contribute to the deterioration of mobility, falls and injuries, depression, cognitive functions impairment and, consequently, functional disability, loss of independence and a sense of isolation. In this context, taking as an example the most common ailment, which is hearing impairment, laryngological procedures in the form of the use of hearing aids or cochlear implant improves cognitive functions, mood, self-esteem, opportunities for social interaction and everyday functioning, and the quality of life of older people. In turn, in view of the typical for older age polypathology and of significant reduction of the reserves of the organism, effective treatment aimed at improving health, preventing complications of diagnostics and therapy as well as disability with the desire to maintain independence and good quality of life requires the cooperation of different specialists. The knowledge and experience of geriatricians and the comprehensive geriatric assessment used as the diagnostic tool, aimed at identifying deficits typical of seniors' age may significantly contribute to a more adequate risk and benefit assessment, selection of optimal treatment for a given health situation and identification of high-risk individuals requiring during the treatment period special supervision to reduce the risk of complications and the risk of development of geriatric syndromes such as delirium, cognitive disorders, malnutrition, falls and injuries, functional disability.
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Sheykhi, Mohammad. "Inevitable aging and the resultant mental disorders In developing countries: a sociological appraisal." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/crct.2020/002.
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Aging is inevitably associated with a large number of body functions including the mental health. In addition to that, heart function, emotions, moods etc. could be mentioned as the results of gradual aging. Such conditions are usually accompanied with increase in medications consumption and decline in quality of life. Though usually medical sciences study mental health conditions, sociology also needs to be applied to appraise the "cause and effect" of mental health. As life expectancy is globally increasing, more and more people are subject to mental disorders, Alzheimer's disorders, dementia, depression and many more, as the effects of aging extensively impact mental health. Therefore, under the conditions of rapid aging, geriatrics needs to be strengthened and improved as much as possible to safeguard mental health. However, structural changes in terms of biological, physical, psychological and chemical reactions which inevitably occur with aging, need prevention and appropriate medication, and other investments in long term, and if not, other vulnerabilities will inevitably appear.
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Sheykhi, Mohammad. "Inevitable aging and the resultant mental disorders In developing countries: a sociological appraisal." Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 2, no. 1 (July 30, 2020): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/002.
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Aging is inevitably associated with a large number of body functions including the mental health. In addition to that, heart function, emotions, moods etc. could be mentioned as the results of gradual aging. Such conditions are usually accompanied with increase in medications consumption and decline in quality of life. Though usually medical sciences study mental health conditions, sociology also needs to be applied to appraise the "cause and effect" of mental health. As life expectancy is globally increasing, more and more people are subject to mental disorders, Alzheimer's disorders, dementia, depression and many more, as the effects of aging extensively impact mental health. Therefore, under the conditions of rapid aging, geriatrics needs to be strengthened and improved as much as possible to safeguard mental health. However, structural changes in terms of biological, physical, psychological and chemical reactions which inevitably occur with aging, need prevention and appropriate medication, and other investments in long term, and if not, other vulnerabilities will inevitably appear.
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Van Praag, H. M. "Is depression a mood disorder?" European Neuropsychopharmacology 1, no. 3 (September 1991): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-977x(91)90480-i.
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Pedro, Catarina, Mariana Duarte, Beatriz Jorge, and Daniela Freitas. "453 - The effect of ageing in personality and emotions." International Psychogeriatrics 32, S1 (October 2020): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610220003051.
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Introduction:Personality and emotions have not been studied as thoroughly as cognition in old age. Recent research suggests personality changes across the entire life span, through middle age and even into old age. Thus, the previous assumption of stability in personality traits from early adulthood has been challenged and novel approaches to the study of personality development have emerged.Objectives:The aim of this presentation is to describe the effects of the ageing process in personality and emotions.Methods:A non-systematic review of the literature was performed on PubMed, PsycINFO and Web of science using selected keywords.Results:When older adults compare their current and past selves, they usually perceive a subjective growth in personality. Descriptive research suggests that the big five personality characteristics (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness and conscientiousness) remain generally stable over the lifespan, despite variations in life experiences. Some studies revealed age-related linear decrease in extraversion. One of the studies found that hearing impairment, already identified as a significant risk factor for social isolation, was related to this decline in extraversion. Although levels of neuroticism tends to go down over the course of adulthood, the increased vulnerabilities that accompany old age may amplify neurotic traits, increasing worries about physical health and memory, common features of depression in the elderly. Emotions, relative to more neutral knowledge and skills, increase in later years. Elderly have better control over emotions than do younger adults, they reason more flexibly about emotion-laden dilemmas and remember emotionally charged information better than neutral facts. Older people also rely more often on emotion-focused forms of coping, as opposed to active, problem-solving approaches.Conclusions:Core features of personality seem to remain relatively stable throughout adulthood and any marked change in mood or social behavior may indicate a disorder. However, more subtle reordering of personal priorities and shifts in coping styles are common with normal ageing. The richness of emotional processing in older persons runs counter to the generally declining patterns seen in many cognitive and physical skills.
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Carpenter, Joanne S., Jacob J. Crouse, Elizabeth M. Scott, Sharon L. Naismith, Chloe Wilson, Jan Scott, Kathleen R. Merikangas, and Ian B. Hickie. "Circadian depression: A mood disorder phenotype." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 126 (July 2021): 79–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.045.
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Eastwood, M. R., S. L. Rifat, H. Nobbs, and J. Ruderman. "Mood Disorder Following Cerebrovascular Accident." British Journal of Psychiatry 154, no. 2 (February 1989): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.154.2.195.
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Depression appears to be common after stroke, and therefore may have a bearing upon rehabilitation. To examine whether the depression is due to a specific brain lesion, or is reactive to the consequent disability, this study looked at the frequency and associations of depressed mood in a stroke rehabilitation unit in-patient population, unselected for site of lesion. Depression affected 50% of the patients; history of previous psychiatric disorder and cerebrovascular accident appeared to be important risk factors. There were hemispheric differences in the relationships between measures, with both the site-of-lesion and reactive viewpoints being upheld.
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Samaras, N., G. Rossi, P. Giannakopoulos, and G. Gold. "Vascular depression. An age-related mood disorder." European Geriatric Medicine 1, no. 4 (September 2010): 220–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurger.2010.05.006.
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Gaur, Vaishali. "Depression: Psycho-Yogic way to over-come depression." IRA International Journal of Education and Multidisciplinary Studies (ISSN 2455–2526) 4, no. 2 (August 22, 2016): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.21013/jems.v4.n2.p5.
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<div><p><em>Today most of the person are suffering from various mental health troubles and looking for hope at yogic techniques. Due to bad thoughts and negative feelings the mood and emotional state of a person swing and become distorted. If such state remains for a long time, then a person may suffer from mood disorder or can becomes depressive. Mood disorder refers to one of a group of disorders primarily affecting emotional tone. Nowadays there is an increasing interest to use Yoga for health benefits and treating disease. The aim of the present research paper was to evaluate the use of Yoga in managing depression with proposed mechanism of the yogic technique duly supported by researchers. </em></p></div>
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Carroll, B. J. "Brain mechanisms in manic depression." Clinical Chemistry 40, no. 2 (February 1, 1994): 303–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.2.303.
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Abstract Manic depressive illness (bipolar disorder) is the mood disorder classically considered to have a strong biological basis. During manic depressive cycles, patients show dramatic fluctuations of mood, energy, activity, information processing, and behaviors. Theories of brain function and mood disorders must deal with the case of bipolar disorder, not simply unipolar depression. Shifts in the nosologic concepts of how manic depression is related to other mood disorders are discussed in this overview, and the renewed adoption of the Kraepelinian "spectrum" concept is recommended. The variable clinical presentations of manic depressive illness are emphasized. New genetic mechanisms that must be considered as candidate factors in relation to this phenotypic heterogeneity are discussed. Finally, the correlation of clinical symptom clusters with brain systems is considered in the context of a three-component model of manic depression.
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Rocha, Fábio Lopes, and Maria Elizabete Guimarães Rocha. "Kleptomania, mood disorder and lithium." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 50, no. 4 (December 1992): 543–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x1992000400023.
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Kleptomania has been found in association with major depression in a fairly large number of reports in recent years. We describe a patient with concurrent DSM-III-R Bipolar Mood Disorder and Kleptomania, whose symptoms remitted completely, apparently in response to lithium therapy, which raised the possibility that pharmacological treatment may benefit kleptomania. Further studies are needed to establish the possible relationship between kleptomania, mood disorders and lithium therapy.
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Harbottle, Lynn. "The effect of nutrition on older people's mental health." British Journal of Community Nursing 24, Sup7 (July 2019): S12—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjcn.2019.24.sup7.s12.
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In the context of a rapidly ageing population, with an increasing prevalence of mood disorders and a greater incidence of physical illness in older adults, it is imperative that their healthcare needs are effectively addressed. Nutritional vulnerability increases in later life for various reasons, related to the physiological impact of ageing as well as social and economic challenges. Specific nutrients and overall diet quality may impact on mood. Depression and anxiety in turn impact on interest in and ability to eat and may further distort intake and exacerbate symptoms. Whether working with older adults living at home or in the care setting, nurses need to be aware of and able to identify, refer and support those who need help. This article aims to raise awareness and provides some practical guidance for nurses working with older adults experiencing mood disorders.
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Monfort, Jean-Claude. "The Difficult Elderly Patient: Curable Hostile Depression or Personality Disorder?" International Psychogeriatrics 7, S1 (October 1995): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610295002389.
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The aim of this article is to suggest that hostile behavior in elderly patients is often caused by a reversible mood disorder rather than by a personality disorder or dementia, even if these two last diagnoses are already well established. Sedatives, often prescibed for hostile behavior, can induce confusion, falls, and bedridden states, and can actually increase the rate of mortality. The mood disorder can be a hostile agitated depression or a mixed affective state. The hypothesis of a mood disorder calls for an antidepressant trial, possibly combined with a mood stabilizer.
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Baran, Alp Sinan, and Allen C. Richert. "Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Depression." CNS Spectrums 8, no. 2 (February 2003): 128–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900018356.
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AbstractIs there an association between obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and depression? OSA is a common breathing-related sleep disorder. There have been reports that depressive symptoms can be associated with this sleep disorder. A number of investigations have addressed this issue. Although some have found no correlation, most studies have concluded that there is an association between OSA and depressive symptoms. Other investigations have shown that depressive symptoms improve with treatment of OSA, and that untreated OSA may contribute to treatment resistance in some cases of mood disorders. Within the framework of current psychiatric diagnostic criteria, the depressive symptoms associated with OSA can be viewed as a combination of a mood disorder secondary to a primary medical condition and an adjustment disorder with depressed mood. The question of whether OSA causes depressive symptoms can perhaps be best answered by viewing OSA and depression as having certain symptoms that are common to both disorders.
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Bowen, Rudy, Maxine South, and Judy Hawkes. "Mood Swings in Patients with Panic Disorder." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 39, no. 2 (March 1994): 91–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379403900205.
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Depression is frequently found in patients with panic disorder. It is known that patients suffering from panic disorder and depression have more severe symptoms of anxiety and avoidance and respond less well to treatment with antidepressants. The General Behaviour Inventory, an instrument that identifies subjects with subsyndromal and syndromal recurrent mood disorders was completed by 108 patients in a panic disorder program. Thirty-four percent (n = 37) were classified as suffering from a mood disorder. Of the mood disordered patients, 25 of 37(68%) (23% of the total) were classified as suffering from bipolar or cyclothymic mood disorder.
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Mazumdar, PK, MA Najib, and SL Varma. "Steroid induced rare bipolar mood disorder." European Psychiatry 10, no. 5 (1995): 264–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-9338(96)80305-1.
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SummaryA patient with multiple psychosomatic disorder developed a steroid induced rare bipolar mood disorder (both mania and depression). The “unmasking effect” of steroids and a positive family history of psychiatric disorder as a possible risk factor, hitherto undocumented, is suggested in steroid induced psychosis.
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Thorpe, Anna M., John F. Pearson, Philip J. Schluter, Janet K. Spittlehouse, and Peter R. Joyce. "Attitudes to aging in midlife are related to health conditions and mood." International Psychogeriatrics 26, no. 12 (August 20, 2014): 2061–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610214001550.
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ABSTRACTBackground:Health is an important aspect of individuals’ lives as they age. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship of sociodemographic factors, diagnosed chronic health conditions, and current depression with attitudes to aging in midlife.Methods:A cross-sectional baseline analysis was conducted on the first 300 participants from the Canterbury Health, Ageing and Life Course study in New Zealand, a stratified randomized community longitudinal study of adults recruited between 49 and 51 years. Attitudes were measured using the Attitudes to Aging Questionnaire (AAQ) and analyzed with a range of prevalent diagnosed chronic conditions, current depression, and sociodemographic variables.Results:Individuals perceived their physical aging more negatively after a diagnosis of hypertension, arthritis or asthma. Diagnosed lifetime depression and anxiety, and current depression, showed strong relationships with attitudes to aging across domains. After controlling for sociodemographic factors and current depression, individuals with diagnosed hypertension, arthritis, asthma, lifetime depression or anxiety continued to report significantly more negative attitudes to aging. Current depression showed the strongest associations with attitudes to aging and mediated relationships of health on attitudes to aging.Conclusions:Physical and mental health are related to attitudes to aging. Most chronic conditions examined are significantly associated with attitudes toward aging in the physical change domain. Diagnosed lifetime depression and anxiety, and current depression, are negatively related across attitudinal domains. Individuals can feel positive about aging while experiencing poorer health, but this is more difficult in the presence of low mood.
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Luca, Maria, and Antonina Luca. "Oxidative Stress-Related Endothelial Damage in Vascular Depression and Vascular Cognitive Impairment: Beneficial Effects of Aerobic Physical Exercise." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (December 20, 2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8067045.
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Oxidative stress- (OS-) related endothelial damage is involved in the occurrence and progression of several disorders, such as vascular depression and dementia. It has been reported that moderate, aerobic, physical exercise could reduce OS and inflammation, thus limiting the cardiovascular risk factors while improving endothelial homeostasis, mood, and cognition. In this review, we will discuss about the role of OS and OS-related endothelial damage in vascular depression and vascular cognitive impairment. Then, we will comment on the effects of physical exercise on both disorders.
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Walker, Peggy. "Postpartum Depression: Is It Mood Disorder or Medical Condition?" Journal of Genetic Counseling 21, no. 2 (December 3, 2011): 239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10897-011-9457-7.
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Angst, Jules. "Comorbidity of Mood Disorders: A Longitudinal Prospective Study." British Journal of Psychiatry 168, S30 (June 1996): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0007125000298383.
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From the Zurich cohort study (n=591), the association of major depressive episodes and recurrent brief depression (RBD) with other psychiatric disorders is presented cross-sectionally at age 28 and 30 years, and over ten years (age 20 to 30 years). Longitudinally, the odds ratios of major depression are highest with dysthymia (4.4), generalised anxiety disorder (4.4), panic disorder (2.7), hypomania and agoraphobia (2.6), and social phobia (2.4). There is a significant association with cannabis consumption and smoking. Follow-up data over nine years are available for 41 patients with a major depressive disorder (MDD) and 62 with RBD: approximately 20% of MDD patients did not receive a diagnosis during follow-up. Major depression reoccurred in 32%, became bipolar in 24%, or developed into RBD in 24%. RBD remitted in 41 %, reoccurred in 35%, turned into major depression in 22%, and became bipolar in only 7%. Longitudinally, MDD and RBD show a symmetrical diagnostic change in a quarter of the cases. There is no substantial development of MDD or RBD into minor depression or generalised anxiety disorder. Thirteen per cent of those with RBD later developed panic disorder.
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Harley, James A., J. Elisabeth Wells, Christopher M. A. Frampton, and Peter R. Joyce. "Bipolar Disorder and the TCI: Higher Self-Transcendence in Bipolar Disorder Compared to Major Depression." Depression Research and Treatment 2011 (2011): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/529638.
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Personality traits are potential endophenotypes for genetic studies of psychiatric disorders. One personality theory which demonstrates strong heritability is Cloninger's psychobiological model measured using the temperament and character inventory (TCI). 277 individuals who completed the TCI questionnaire as part of the South Island Bipolar Study were also interviewed to assess for lifetime psychiatric diagnoses. Four groups were compared, bipolar disorder (BP), type 1 and 2, MDD (major depressive disorder), and nonaffected relatives of a proband with BP. With correction for mood state, total harm avoidance (HA) was higher than unaffected in both MDD and BP groups, but the mood disorder groups did not differ from each other. However, BP1 individuals had higher self-transcendence (ST) than those with MDD and unaffected relatives. HA may reflect a trait marker of mood disorders whereas high ST may be specific to BP. As ST is heritable, genes that affect ST may be of relevance for vulnerability to BP.
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Musetti, Laura, Claudia Del Grande, Donatella Marazziti, and Liliana Dell'Osso. "Treatment of bipolar depression." CNS Spectrums 18, no. 4 (February 8, 2013): 177–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852912001009.
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Depressive symptoms and episodes dominate the long-term course of bipolar disorder and are associated with high levels of disability and an increased risk of suicide. However, the treatment of bipolar depression has been poorly investigated in comparison with that of manic episodes and unipolar major depressive disorder. The goal of treatment in bipolar depression is not only to achieve full remission of acute symptoms, but also to avoid long-term mood destabilization and to prevent relapses. A depressive presentation of bipolar disorder may often delay the appropriate management and, thus, worsen the long-term outcome. In these cases, an accurate screening for diagnostic indicators of a possible bipolar course of the illness should guide the therapeutic choices, and lead to prognostic improvement. Antidepressant use is still the most controversial issue in the treatment of bipolar depression. Despite inconclusive evidence of efficacy and tolerability, this class of agents is commonly prescribed in acute and long-term treatment, often in combination with mood stabilizers. In this article, we review available treatment options for bipolar depression, and we shall provide some suggestions for the management of the different presentations of depression in the course of bipolar disorder.