Academic literature on the topic 'Mood stabilizer drugs'
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Journal articles on the topic "Mood stabilizer drugs"
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Tournier, M., A. Cougnard, B. Bégaud, A. Thiébaut, and H. Verdoux. "The Metabolic Impact of the Antipsychotic Drugs in Patients with Bipolar Disorder." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70490-0.
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Objective:To assess the metabolic impact of adding an antipsychotic to a mood stabilizer or switching a mood stabilizer to an antipsychotic in patients with bipolar disorder.Methods:A retrospective fixed cohort study was conducted through the claims database of the French health care program for the self-employed workers. The study population consisted of 3.172 patients age 18 and over who were exposed to mood stabilizers (i.e. lithium, valproate) a 3 month-period in 2004 without dispensing of non-sedative antipsychotic, antidiabetic or lipid-lowering drugs. The outcome was the occurrence of a metabolic incident over the follow-up period, using the dispensing of an antidiabetic drug as a marker of diabetes and the dispensing of a lipid-lowering drug as a marker of hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia. A Cox proportional hazard model was used to assess the metabolic impact of the antipsychotics; using mood stabilizers as a reference. Antipsychotic exposition was stratified in «current» and «recent» (discontinued for less than 6 months) at the time of the metabolic incident.Results:196 patients (6.2%) received a first-generation antipsychotic, 352 (11.1%) a second-generation antipsychotic, 565 (17.8%) a sedative antipsychotic and 367 patients (11.6%) presented with a metabolic incident over the study period. The recent dispensing of a second-generation antipsychotic was associated with the occurrence of a metabolic incident [HR 2.1 (95%CI 1.2-3.7) p=0.006], while current dispensing or dispensing of first-generation antipsychotics were not.Conclusion:Second-generation antipsychotics have a metabolic impact compared to classic mood stabilizers in patients with bipolar disorder.
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Kahn, David, and Rebecca Chaplan. "The “Good Enough” Mood Stabilizer: A Review of the Clinical Evidence." CNS Spectrums 7, no. 3 (2002): 227–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900017594.
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ABSTRACTA growing family of medications is used for mood stabilization in bipolar disorder. These medications fall into two broad categories according to likely mechanisms of action. Within the categories, specific drugs may vary in their efficacy for different phases of the disorder. The first category, including lithium, anticonvulsants, and some novel treatments, appears to have mechanisms related to intracellular second messengers. These medications have more pronounced antimanic than antidepressant effects, except for lamotrigine, which has antidepressant effects without precipitating mania. The second group of mood stabilizers is the atypical antipsychotics, which act through dopamine and other monoamines. Olanzapine and in all likelihood other drugs in the class possess marked, acute antimanic properties and possible antidepressant properties, but require further study before they can be used as routine options in long-term care. It is clear that the advent of multiple mood stabilizer candidates has not yet led to a single ideal therapy for bipolar disorder, but rather to options that can be flexibly tailored to the lifetime needs of individual patients, in sequences or combinations, and perhaps in conjunction with other classes of psychotropics.
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Williams, R., W. J. Ryves, E. C. Dalton, et al. "A molecular cell biology of lithium." Biochemical Society Transactions 32, no. 5 (2004): 799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0320799.
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Lithium (Li+), a mood stabilizer, has profound effects on cultured neurons, offering an opportunity to investigate its cellular biological effects. Here we consider the effect of Li+ and other psychotropic drugs on growth cone morphology and chemotaxis. Li+ inhibits GSK-3 (glycogen synthase kinase-3) at a therapeutically relevant concentration. Treated cells show a number of features that arise due to GSK-3 inhibition, such as altered microtubule dynamics, axonal branching and loss of semaphorin 3A-mediated growth cone collapse. Li+ also causes growth cones to spread; however, a similar effect is seen with two other mood stabilizers, valproic acid and carbamazepine, but without changes in microtubules or axon branching. This common effect of mood stabilizers is mediated by changes in inositol phosphate signalling, not GSK-3 activity. Given the presence of neurogenesis in the adult brain, we speculate that changes in growth cone behaviour could also occur during treatment of mental disorders.
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Dubovsky, Steven L., and Amelia N. Dubovsky. "Maintenance Treatment of Bipolar Disorder with Ziprasidone in Adjunctive Use with Lithium or Valproate." Clinical Medicine Insights: Therapeutics 4 (January 2012): CMT.S7369. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cmt.s7369.
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Ziprasidone is a second generation (“atypical”) antipsychotic drug that has been used alone and as an adjunct to standard mood stabilizers to reduce recurrence rates in bipolar disorder. Approval of ziprasidone as an adjunct to lithium or valproate in 2009 was based on an industry sponsored study of 584 outpatients with a current or recent manic episode; 240 of these subjects were randomized to adjunctive ziprasidone or placebo and 138 completed a six month trial. Patients enrolled in maintenance studies did not have refractory mood disorders, comorbid conditions or risk of dangerousness. Maintenance ziprasidone augmentation is an option for patients who do not respond to a single mood stabilizer rapidly, and possibly for those with residual psychotic symptoms, but there are insufficient data to prefer this approach to combinations of mood stabilizers or augmentation with other agents. Ziprasidone is generally well tolerated, with less sedation and weight gain than many other antipsychotic drugs; it should be taken with food. Primary interactions of concern are with other serotonergic medications, MAO inhibitors, and other medications that prolong the QT interval.
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Del’Guidice, Thomas, Camille Latapy, Antonio Rampino та ін. "FXR1P is a GSK3β substrate regulating mood and emotion processing". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, № 33 (2015): E4610—E4619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1506491112.
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Inhibition of glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) is a shared action believed to be involved in the regulation of behavior by psychoactive drugs such as antipsychotics and mood stabilizers. However, little is known about the identity of the substrates through which GSK3β affects behavior. We identified fragile X mental retardation-related protein 1 (FXR1P), a RNA binding protein associated to genetic risk for schizophrenia, as a substrate for GSK3β. Phosphorylation of FXR1P by GSK3β is facilitated by prior phosphorylation by ERK2 and leads to its down-regulation. In contrast, behaviorally effective chronic mood stabilizer treatments in mice inhibit GSK3β and increase FXR1P levels. In line with this, overexpression of FXR1P in the mouse prefrontal cortex also leads to comparable mood-related responses. Furthermore, functional genetic polymorphisms affecting either FXR1P or GSK3β gene expression interact to regulate emotional brain responsiveness and stability in humans. These observations uncovered a GSK3β/FXR1P signaling pathway that contributes to regulating mood and emotion processing. Regulation of FXR1P by GSK3β also provides a mechanistic framework that may explain how inhibition of GSK3β can contribute to the regulation of mood by psychoactive drugs in mental illnesses such as bipolar disorder. Moreover, this pathway could potentially be implicated in other biological functions, such as inflammation and cell proliferation, in which FXR1P and GSK3 are known to play a role.
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Balasubramanian, Diana, John F. Pearson, and Martin A. Kennedy. "Gene expression effects of lithium and valproic acid in a serotonergic cell line." Physiological Genomics 51, no. 2 (2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/physiolgenomics.00069.2018.
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Valproic acid (VPA) and lithium are widely used in the treatment of bipolar disorder. However, the underlying mechanism of action of these drugs is not clearly understood. We used RNA-Seq analysis to examine the global profile of gene expression in a rat serotonergic cell line (RN46A) after exposure to these two mood stabilizer drugs. Numerous genes were differentially regulated in response to VPA (log2 fold change ≥ 1.0; i.e., odds ratio of ≥2, at false discovery rate <5%), but only two genes ( Dynlrb2 and Cdyl2) showed significant differential regulation after exposure of the cells to lithium, with the same analysis criteria. Both of these genes were also regulated by VPA. Many of the differentially expressed genes had functions of potential relevance to mood disorders or their treatment, such as several serpin family genes (including neuroserpin), Nts (neurotensin), Maob (monoamine oxidase B), and Ap2b1, which is important for synaptic vesicle function. Pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of Gene Ontology terms such as extracellular matrix remodeling, cell adhesion, and chemotaxis. This study in a cell line derived from the raphe nucleus has identified a range of genes and pathways that provide novel insights into potential therapeutic actions of the commonly used mood stabilizer drugs.
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Walder, Alice, and Pierre Baumann. "Mood Stabilizer Therapy and Pravastatin: Higher Risk for Adverse Skin Reactions?" Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic) 52, no. 1 (2009): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/18059694.2016.101.
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We report on a serious side effect in a severely depressed 55-year-old woman, who presented an erythematous pigmented skin rash on the whole body under combination treatment with antidepressants, atypical antipsychotic drugs, the mood stabilizer lithium and the lipid-lowering drug pravastatin. The skin rash effect was most probably due, in first line, to olanzapine, but the cutaneous skin condition was triggered and aggravated by pravastatin, a 3-hydoxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A-(HMG-CoA)-reductase inhibitor, and lithium medication. The allergic reaction started to develop after co-administration of pravastatin. Therefore, the combination of atypical antipsychotics with statins should be carefully monitored and the benefits and disadvantages should be balanced.
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Baldassano, Claudia F. "Antidepressant Effect of Mood Stabilizers." CNS Spectrums 8, S12 (2003): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900028777.
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Bipolar depression certainly poses the greatest challenge to clinicians treating bipolar patients. Having a widespread disability associated with it, bipolar depression is often chronic, is less responsive to medication treatment, and has a particularly high rate of suicide. There are currently no drugs approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of bipolar depression, although full trials have been conducted with lithium, the antipsychotic olan-zapine, and the antiepileptic (AED) lamotrigine. Data for the other AEDs are quite limited and not controlled. The American Psychiatric Association guidelines recommends maximizing the dose in patients who are already on a mood stabilizer and initiating lithium or lamotrigine in patients who are not on a mood stabilizer.Zornberg and Pope reviewed nine studies comparing lithium to placebo in bipolar depression. Among the 145 patients in these studies, there was detectable response in 79% and an unequivocal response in 36%. Although the studies varied in their methodological design and rigor, they argue quite strongly that lithium is an effective anti-depressant. In addition, six of the seven pre1990 studies evaluating lithium for bipolar depression indicated that the drug had significant antidepressant effects.The most recent study of lithium for bipolar depression randomly assigned 117 outpatients with acute bipolar depression to treatment with either placebo, Imipramine, or paroxetine. At the 10-week study endpoint, lithium monotherapy was as effective as the addition of an antidepressant, suggesting lithium's antidepressant properties.
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Corson, Timothy W., Karen K. Woo, Peter P. Li, and Jerry J. Warsh. "Cell-type specific regulation of calreticulin and Bcl-2 expression by mood stabilizer drugs." European Neuropsychopharmacology 14, no. 2 (2004): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-977x(03)00102-0.
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Rifaya, Annida, Risna Agustina, and Rolan Rusli. "Pola Penggunaan Obat Mood Stabilizer Pada Pasien Bipolar di Rumah Sakit Jiwa Daerah Atma Husada Mahakam." Proceeding of Mulawarman Pharmaceuticals Conferences 10 (October 31, 2019): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.25026/mpc.v10i1.368.
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Bipolar disorder is a chronic mood disorder characterized by episodes of mania or hypomania that occur alternately or mixed with depressive episodes. This study aims to determine the characteristics of bipolar patients and patterns of drug use inpatient and outpatient bipolar patients at Atma Husada Mahakam Hospital. The type of this research is non experimental (descriptive) and done retrospectively. Data are collected from medical record. Research subjects were 84 inpatients and 137 outpatients with bipolar disorder diagnosis. Data are analyzed by describing research's objects. The results were obtained from inpatient and outpatient data showing 63% and 60% female sex, showing 26-35 years (early adulthood), not working, not married, and high school level education. The most usage pattern of drugs is a combination of 2 and 3 drugs, namely 74.99% for inpatient care and 73.71% for outpatient treatment. The drugs most commonly used are mood stabilizers (valproate acid) and atypical antipsychotics (risperidone).
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Mood stabilizer drugs"
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Bartsch, Stefanie. "Auswirkung von Stimmungsstabilisierern und Antiepileptika auf die Zytokinproduktion in-vitro." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-156211.
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Die Bedeutung des Immunsystems in der Pathophysiologie von bipolaren Erkrankungen und Epilepsie ist ein aktueller Gegenstand der neuropsychoimmunologischen Forschung. Eine erhöhte Produktion von Zytokinen aufgrund von oxidativem Stress wurde dabei wiederholt als für die Pathophysiologie von Epilepsie und Bipolarer Störung relevant angesehen. In Hinblick auf Veränderungen der Zytokine Interleukin (IL)-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6 und Tumornekrosefaktor-alpha (TNF-α) wurden z. T. überlappende Ergebnisse bei beiden Erkrankungen beschrieben. Inwiefern diese Zytokine durch Stimmungsstabilisierer und Antiepileptika beeinflusst werden, wurde bisher jedoch nicht systematisch untersucht.
In dieser Studie wurden systematisch in-vitro die Konzentrationen von IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, IL-22 und TNF-α im stimulierten Blut 14 gesunder Frauen mittels Vollblutverfahren (whole blood assay) nach Zugabe von Stimmungsstabilisierern bzw. Antiepileptika gemessen. Es wurden dabei die Stimmungsstabilisierer bzw. Antiepileptika Primidon, Carbamazepin, Levetiracetam, Lamotrigin, Valproat, Oxcarbazepin, Topiramat, Phenobarbital und Lithium untersucht.
Die Ergebnisse lassen darauf schließen, dass der Mechanismus von erwünschter und unerwünschter anderer Wirkung von Stimmungsstabilisierern und Antiepileptika mit der Regulation von IL-1ß, IL-2, IL-22 und TNF-α in Zusammenhang stehen könnte.
Getrennt nach den im Vollblutverfahren verwendeten Stimulanzien – Toxic-Shock-Syndrome-Toxin-1 (TSST-1) vs. monoklonaler Antikörper gegen das CD3-Oberflächenantigen (OKT3) in Kombination mit dem 5C3-Antikörper gegen CD40 (OKT3/CD40) – wurden die Ergebnisse in zwei unterschiedlichen Publikationen berichtet, die dieser Promotion zugrunde liegen.
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Chirulescu, Cecilia. "Combination antipsychotic and mood stabilizers in maintenance treatment of bipolar patients in community practice." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/6010.
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a complex illness. It is a life long episodic disorder very
disruptive for the patient and family. Repeated episodes lead to progressively
deteriorating level of functioning and poor response to the treatment. Suicide attempts and
completed suicide has been a frequent complication.
The complexity and difficulties involved in treating this mental condition are well
recognised .The pharmacological options include lithium, valproate, carbamazepine,
lamotrigine, topiramate, benzodiazepines.
The use of neuroleptics in bipolar disorder remain controversial because of the
increased susceptibility of this group of patients to side effects of neuroleptics.
Objectives:
The aim of this research is to investigate in a population of patients with bipolar disorder who
are having treatment with combination of a mood stabilizer and antipsychotics:
1) The number of prescriptions of antipsychotics, in bipolar patients in a community clinic
2) The rationale of such combination
3) Whether correlates exist between variables such as substance abuse and noncompliance
and the prescription of antipsychotics
Method:
This retrospective, descriptive, analytic study was conducted at Voslooros Psychiatric
Clinic, which is situated in the south of Johannesburg. The clinical records of all adult
patients with an initial diagnosis of bipolar disorder as at December 2004 were examined
Particular note was taken of demographic data, diagnosis, age of onset of psychiatric illness,
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duration of illness, treatment prescribed, reasons for prescribing this medication, response to
the treatment, social circumstances of each patient, substances use and compliance.
Results:
74.1% of the patients were maintained on a combination of mood stabilizer with antipsychotic.
Combination treatment was used in an attempt to improve the psychotic symptoms and
dangerous behaviour in 48% of the patients, noncompliance in 38% of the cases and 14%
patients were in transitional phase to stop antipsychotics.
80.65% of the patients were on treatment with antipsychotics for longer than 6 months.
Use of atypical antipsychotics is associated with a better outcome than the conventional
agents. In this study only a small percentage (10 %) of patients received atypical
antipsychotics.
19.4 % patients reported side effects of the medication. The lower figures in our study can
be due to underreporting and inadequate documentation.
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38.7% of the patients reported substance misuse. Our finding were much lower compared
with the literature, probably due to underreporting. Alcohol was the most common substance.
This study show that the need for more medication was increased 6.6 fold in patients with
polysubstance abuse compared with the patients not abusing any substance.
Noncompliance in the maintenance phase of the treatment is a important issue in the
management of the patients with bipolar disorder. This study found that the majority of the
patients (59.7%) were noncompliant with their treatment.
Those findings were in line with studies done by Keck PE who reported rates of
noncompliance from 51% to 64%. Our study show that 63% of the patients had a level of
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education less than matric and this may be a contributing factor to noncompliance.
Conclusions:
The results of the study suggest that a large number of bipolar patients are only
partially responsive to mood stabilizers alone and the maintenance treatment with
antipsychotics for longer than 6 months are needed because of persistence of the symptoms.
More efficient strategies are necessary to educate the people, to improve the compliance
and to decreased the use of substances.
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Chau, Pei-Fang, and 趙培芳. "Studies of Utilization of Mood Stabilizers and Related Adverse Drug Reactions in Bipolar Patients." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33978189029410521630.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>臨床藥學研究所<br>94<br>Background The mood stabilizers for bipolar disorder include lithium, valproate and carbamazepine. According to previous studies, lithium and carbamazepine were considered to be associated with the development of hypothyroidism and SJS/TEN, respectively. The pharmacoepidemiology data for bipolar patients is important for clinical practice and medical policy.
Objective To analyze the prescription pattern of bipolar disorders from 1997 to 2004. To evaluate the adverse drug reactions, i.e. hypothyroidism and SJS/TEN, of mood stabilizers in bipolar patients.
Methods The Psychiatric Inpatient Medical Claim dataset (PIMC) in Taiwan was used in this study. Medical claim data between 1997 to 2004 of the bipolar patients diagnosed during 1996-2001 were retrieved. The utilization patterns of mood stabilizers, antipsychotics, antidepressants and electroconvulsive therapy were calculated and analyzed. The matched case-control design with one case to four controls was used for the ADR studies. Bipolar patients who fit the inclusion criteria of case group were screened first. The control group of the same age range and sex to the cases was retrieved from patients other than the case group. Conditional logistic regression model using to calculate the adjusted odds ratio was applied to analyze the relationship between hypothyrodism or severe skin reactions and the drugs used by the bipolar patients.
Results A total of 12,424 patients of bipolar disorder who had a mean age of 40.2 year old and equal gender ratio were included. From 1997-2004, the use of atypical antipsychotics (β=0.42, p<0.0001) increased significantly with a decrease in typical antipsychotics (β= - 0.23, p<0.0001). For mood stabilizers, the prescriptions of valproate (β=0.25, p<0.0001) increased significantly along with the significant decreases of lithium (β=-0.091, p<0.0001) and carbamazepine (β=-0.096, p<0.0001). A total of 557 bipolar patients with hypothyroidism were identified and 2,228 controls were selected. The mean age of these patients was 41.3 year old with a ratio of man to women 1:3. After adjustment, lithium did not exhibit higher risk in hypothyroidism as compared to carbamazepine and valproate. Patients who have ever used both lithium and valproate or who have ever used all the three mood stabilizers have significant risk of developing hypothyroidism. If considered the number of mood stabilizers used as a continuous factor, it was found that the more mood stabilizers used the higher risk in developing hypothyroidism (OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.21-1.49). There were 74 cases with severe skin reactions and two of them did not have any prescription within the 60 days before the index date. Finally, 72 cases and 288 controls were identified from the 12,424 bipolar patients. The number of man and women were about the same with a mean age of 41.3 years old. After multivariate analysis, carbamazepine and valproate were found significantly associated with severe skin reactions. The other anticonvulsants also had significant association as calculated as a group of drugs. Among the suspicious drugs, carbamazepine showed the highest risk in developing the severe skin reactions (OR 4.02, 95% CI 1.97-8.27).
Conclusions The prescription pattern of bipolar disorder during 1997 to 2004 has a significant change and this change seems to be consistent with recent guidelines. Using more than two mood stabilizers may lead to a higher risk of hypothyroidism. Closely monitor thyroid function for these patients may be necessary. Carbamazepine has the highest risk of causing severe skin reactions among all suspicious drugs in bipolar patients. The association of other anticonvulsants also could not be ignored. It is important to be aware of shin reactions during anticonvulsants treatment.
Books on the topic "Mood stabilizer drugs"
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M, Stahl S., ed. Antipsychotics and mood stabilizers: Stahl's essential psychopharmacology, 3rd edition. Cambridge University Press, 2008.
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Cavanna, Andrea E. Phenytoin. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198791577.003.0010.
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Phenytoin is a first-generation antiepileptic drug characterized by a good range of antiepileptic indications, with an acceptable interaction profile in polytherapy. The reasons for the decreased use of phenytoin in patients with epilepsy include its narrow therapeutic index and potential for long-term toxicity, as well as the development of other antiepileptic drugs throughout the second half of the twentieth century. Phenytoin has a good behavioural tolerability profile and a restricted range of psychiatric uses. Despite occasional reports of adverse behavioural effects (especially at higher doses), there is some weak evidence for its potential usefulness as mood stabilizer and in the pharmacological management of impulsive aggression.
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Goldberg, Pablo H., Prerna Martin, Carolina Biernacki, and Moira A. Rynn. Treatments for Pediatric Bipolar Disorder. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0009.
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The past two decades have seen significant advances in the development of evidence-based treatments for pediatric bipolar disorder. Practice guidelines recommend pharmacotherapy with mood stabilizers or second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) as the first-line treatment. Lithium, risperidone, aripiprazole, quetiapine, and olanzapine are approved by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration for treating bipolar disorder in children and adolescents. The pharmacological literature suggests that SGAs are faster and more effective than mood stabilizers in treating acute manic or mixed episodes, but they have significant side effects and require careful monitoring. While mild to moderate bipolar disorder can be treated with monotherapy, combination pharmacotherapy with an SGA and a mood stabilizer is recommended for youth with severe bipolar disorder. A growing body of literature also suggests the efficacy of psychosocial interventions, with family psychoeducation and skills building as adjunct treatments to pharmacotherapy. More type 1 studies of pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatments are needed.
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Stahl, Stephen M. Essential Psychopharmacology of Antipsychotics and Mood Stabilizers (Essential Psychopharmacology Series). Cambridge University Press, 2002.
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Barthel, Andreas, and Michael Bauer. Psychotropic drugs and metabolic risk. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789284.003.0011.
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Increased appetite and weight gain represent a significant problem related with particular antipsychotic drugs, antidepressants, mood stabilizers, and—to a lesser extent—anxiolytic drugs. Psychotropic drug-induced weight gain may contribute to obesity-related metabolic changes and pathological conditions such as dyslipidaemia, type-2-diabetes and hypertension—summarized as the metabolic syndrome—with an increased risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Interestingly, psychotropic drugs are also used for the treatment of diabetes-related complications. For example, antidepressants are effective for the treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with diabetic neuropathy. Therefore, it is essential to thoroughly balance potential benefits and risks in an individual patient to ensure drug safety and optimize the clinical outcome. In addition to diet and exercise, selection of psychotropic drugs and dose adjustment based on regular clinical follow-up visits is the key for the prevention and management of psychotropic drug induced weight gain in clinical practice.
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Essential Psychopharmacology: the Prescriber's Guide: Antipsychotics and Mood Stabilizers (Essential Psychopharmacology Series). Cambridge University Press, 2006.
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Gupta, Neha. Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders. Edited by Isis Burgos-Chapman. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190265557.003.0006.
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In this chapter, essential aspects of the treatment of psychiatric disorders are reviewed including pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, drug interactions, psychogenomics and the use of antidepressants, mood stabilizers, antianxiety agents, antipsychotics, psychostimulants, hypnotics and sedatives, ECT and psychotherapy
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A Practitioner's Guide to Prescribing Antiepileptics and Mood Stabilizers for Adults with Intellectual Disabilities. Springer, 2012.
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Perez-Rodriguez, M. Mercedes, and Larry J. Siever. Psychopharmacological Treatment of Personality Disorders. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780199342211.003.0028.
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Despite the lack of approval by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration, drugs are used widely to treat personality disorders, particularly borderline personality disorder, based on their effects known from clinical trials in other psychiatric disorders (off-label use). The role of medications in personality disorders is limited to moderate effects on some but not all of the symptom domains. There are no medications available that improve the global severity of any personality disorder as a whole. In borderline personality disorder, evidence is strongest for second-generation antipsychotics and mood stabilizers, while dietary supplements like omega-3 fatty acids hold some promise. However, medications have limited effectiveness and are still viewed as adjunctive to other forms of treatment, particularly psychotherapy.
Book chapters on the topic "Mood stabilizer drugs"
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Gerlach, Manfred, and Andreas Warnke. "Mood Stabilizers." In Psychiatric Drugs in Children and Adolescents. Springer Vienna, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1501-5_7.
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Rybakowski, Janusz K. "Pharmacogenetics of Mood Stabilizers." In Genetic Influences on Response to Drug Treatment for Major Psychiatric Disorders. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-27040-1_6.
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Ghaemi, S. Nassir. "Drug Class Summaries and Dosing Guidelines." In Clinical Psychopharmacology, edited by S. Nassir Ghaemi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199995486.003.0014.
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A “mood stabilizer” is a drug that prevents mania and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder. The four drugs that have reasonable evidence that they can do this are lithium, Depakote, carbamazepine, and Lamictal. Second generation antipsychotics are not mood stabilizers, despite the FDA maintenance indications that many have received, because of the invalidity of the enriched, randomized, discontinuation maintenance design. Thus, all patients with bipolar illness should receive one of those four mood stabilizers, and dopamine blockers should be used as adjuncts, but not by themselves. In this chapter, a summary is given of the major drug classes, and the agents within those classes. Specific dosing guidelines are provided for most agents. Main clinical side effects and drug interactions are reviewed.
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Harrison, Paul, Philip Cowen, Tom Burns, and Mina Fazel. "Drugs and other physical treatments." In Shorter Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198747437.003.0025.
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‘Drugs and other physical treatments’ provides coverage of the current drug and physical treatments used in the management of general psychiatric disorders. Following a historical introduction and general principles governing drug use and prescription, agents are considered according to the major psychotropic classes, namely: anxiolytic and hypnotic, antipsychotic, antidepressant, mood stabilizer, and psychostimulant. Each class is described according to its pharmacology, followed by the indications, pharmacokinetics, adverse effects and clinical use of individual compounds. Subsequent sections describe the indications, practical management, and adverse effects of electroconvulsive therapy, as well as other treatments designed to influence brain activity directly. Included here are descriptions of neurosurgery and various neurostimulation techniques (deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic stimulation, transcranial direct current stimulation, and vagal nerve stimulation), together with the evidence for their effectiveness as well as their proposed indications and adverse effects.
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Post, Robert M. "Lithium and related mood stabilizers." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199696758.003.0154.
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Lithium is the paradigmatic mood stabilizer. It is effective in the acute and prophylactic treatment of both mania and, to a lesser magnitude, depression. These characteristics are generally paralleled by the widely accepted anticonvulsant mood stabilizers valproate, carbamazepine (Table 6.2.4.1), and potentially by the less well studied putative mood stabilizers oxcarbazepine, zonisamide, and the dihydropyridine L-type calcium channel blocker nimodipine. In contrast, lamotrigine has a profile of better antidepressant effects acutely and prophylactically than antimanic effects. Having grouped lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine together, it is important to note they have subtle differences in their therapeutic profiles and differential clinical predictors of response (Table 6.2.4.1). Response to one of these agents is not predictive of either a positive or negative response to the others. Thus, clinicians are left with only rough estimates and guesses about which drug may be preferentially effective in which patients. Only sequential clinical trials of agents either alone or in combination can verify responsivity in an individual patient. Individual response trumps FDA-approval. Given this clinical conundrum, it is advisable that patients, family members, clinicians, or others carefully rate patients on a longitudinal scale in order to most carefully assess responses and side effects. These are available from the Depression Bipolar Support Alliance (DBSA), the STEP-BD NIMH Network, or www.bipolarnetworknews.org and are highly recommended. The importance of careful longitudinal documentation of symptoms and side effects is highlighted by the increasing use of multiple drugs in combination. This is often required because patients may delay treatment-seeking until after many episodes, and very different patterns and frequencies of depressions, manias, mixed states, as well as multiple comorbidities may be present. Treating patients to the new accepted goal of remission of their mood and other anxillary symptoms usually requires use of several medications. If each component of the regimen is kept below an individual's side-effects threshold, judicious use of multiple agents can reduce rather than increase the overall side-effect burden. There is increasing evidence of reliable abnormalities of biochemistry, function, and anatomy in the brains of patients with bipolar disorder, and some of these are directly related to either duration of illness or number of episodes. Therefore, as treatment resistance to most therapeutic agents is related to number of prior episodes, and brain abnormalities may also increase as well, it behooves the patient to begin and sustain acute and long-term treatment as early as possible. Despite the above academic, personal, and public health recommendations, bipolar disorder often takes ten years or more to diagnose and, hence, treat properly. In fact, a younger age of onset is highly related to presence of a longer delay from illness onset to first treatment, and as well, to a poorer outcome assessed both retrospectively and prospectively. New data indicate that the brain growth factor BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor) which is initially important to synaptogenesis and neural development, and later neuroplasticity and long-term memory in the adult is involved in all phases of bipolar disorder and its treatment. It appears to be: 1) both a genetic (the val-66-val allele of BDNF) and environmental (low BDNF from childhood adversity) risk factor; 2) episode-related (serum BDNF decreasing with each episode of depression or mania in proportion to symptom severity; 3) related to some substance abuse comorbidity (BDNF increases in the VTA with defeat stress and cocaine self-administration); and 4) related to treatment. Lithium, valproate, and carbamazepine increase BDNF and quetiapine and ziprasidone block the decreases in hippocampal BDNF that occur with stress (as do antidepressants). A greater number of prior episodes is related to increased likelihood of: 1) a rapid cycling course; 2) more severe depressive symptoms; 3) more disability; 4) more cognitive dysfunction; and 5) even the incidence of late life dementia. Taken together, the new data suggest a new view not only of bipolar disorder, but its treatment. Adequate effective treatment may not only (a) prevent affective episodes (with their accompanying risk of morbidity, dysfunction, and even death by suicide or the increased medical mortality associated with depression), but may also (b) reverse or prevent some of the biological abnormalities associated with the illness from progressing. Thus, patients should be given timely information pertinent to their stage of illness and recovery that emphasizes not only the risk of treatments, but also their potential, figuratively and literally, life-saving benefits. Long-term treatment and education and targeted psychotherapies are critical to a good outcome. We next highlight several attributes of each mood stabilizer, but recognize that the choice of each agent itself is based on inadequate information from the literature, and sequencing of treatments and their combinations is currently more an art than an evidence-based science. We look forward to these informational and clinical trial deficits being reduced in the near future and the development of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and other neurobiological predictors of individual clinical response to individual drugs. In the meantime, patients and clinicians must struggle with treatment choice based on: 1) the most appropriate targetting of the predominant symptom picture with the most likely effective agent (Table 6.2.4.1 and 6.2.4.2) the best side-effects profile for that patient (Table 6.2.4.2 and 6.2.4.3) using combinations of drugs with different therapeutic targets and mechanisms of action (Table 6.2.4.3 and 6.2.4.4) careful consideration of potential advantageous pharmacodynamic interactions and disadvantageous pharmacokinetic drug-drug interactions that need to be avoided or anticipated.
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Churchill, Grant C., Nisha Singh, and Michael J. Berridge. "Basic mechanisms of and treatment targets for bipolar disorder." In New Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry, edited by John R. Geddes, Nancy C. Andreasen, and Guy M. Goodwin. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198713005.003.0069.
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This chapter on basic mechanisms of, and treatment targets for, bipolar disorder examines the cause and treatment of bipolar disorder from the perspective of intracellular signalling pathways implicated by the convergence of evidence from efficacious drugs, pathophysiology, and genetics and concludes that the unifying concept is calcium signalling. It discusses the pathways for cyclic adenosine monophosphate and inositol trisphosphate/calcium in the context of the action of drugs, with emphasis on lithium, the most effective true mood stabilizer. It proposes that the calcium signalling pathway and its components, such as channels, pumps, messengers, and enzymes, can explain both how dysfunction can affect neural activity and how this can be remedied by drugs. It argues for the central role of calcium, based on new evidence for the inositol depletion hypothesis and evidence of calcium dysregulation in peripheral and inducible pluripotent stem cells, as well as genome-wide association studies and drugs implicating a plasma membrane calcium channel.
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"Mood Stabilizers." In Handbook of Psychiatric Drugs. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470029439.ch3.
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Chowdhury, Lopamudra, and Om Singh. "Mood Stabilizers." In Psychiatric Drug Handbook. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp/books/14248_9.
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"Mood Stabilizers and Mood Instability." In The Use and Misuse of Psychiatric Drugs. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470666630.ch5.
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Ansari, Arash, and David N. Osser. "Mood Stabilizers." In Psychopharmacology. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780197537046.003.0005.
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The chapter on mood stabilizers discusses and reviews the use of available treatments for bipolar disorder, including lithium, selected anticonvulsants (such as valproate, carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, and lamotrigine) and second-generation antipsychotics. It reviews each medication’s mechanism of action, clinical characteristics, potential medication interactions, and adverse effects. The chapter also reviews emerging pharmacotherapies such as the use of ketamine. It also briefly discusses complementary and alternative pharmacotherapies and the use of omega-3 fatty acids. The chapter includes an in-depth review of the clinical use of the previously listed medications for bipolar depression, mania, mixed episodes, and bipolar maintenance. It also reviews the risks of using antidepressants for bipolar depression. It also discusses the use of mood stabilizers in women of childbearing age, notably for pregnancy and breastfeeding considerations. Finally, the chapter includes a table of mood stabilizers that includes each medication’s generic and brand names, usual adult doses, pertinent clinical comments, black box warnings and Food and Drug Administration indications.
Conference papers on the topic "Mood stabilizer drugs"
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Augustin, M. "3 Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of antiepileptics and mood stabilizers in pregnancy and lactation." In XIVth Symposium of the Task Force Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of the AGNP. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710111.
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Garcia, Ana Carolina Pereira, Alice Campos Meneses, Ana Karolinne Cruz Cavalcante, et al. "Consequences of isolation in elderly with and without dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic: a literature review." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.642.
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Background: Elderly patients with and without dementia are especially vulnerable to COVID-19 infection due to their disease status, age and comorbidities, needing to face measures of social restrictions. However, it is known that social isolation is a risk factor for decline of cognitive functions. Objectives: Gather information about consequences of isolation in elderly patients with and without dementia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Narrative literature review through active search for publications on the topic on the PubMed platform, resulting in 17 articles for evaluation. Results: Apathy has shown to be the most common neuropsychiatric symptom of social isolation in the elderly, followed by irritability, agitation, aggression and depression. In institutionalized patients with dementia, there was an increased burden of neuropsychiatric symptoms by 60%, the main symptoms being anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, behavior aberrant motor and changes in appetite. In addition, limitation of outdoor activity and absence of direct social contact required an increased dosage of antipsychotic drugs and mood stabilizers. In a sample of individuals with mild cognitive decline, had decreased physical activity, reduced adherence to Mediterranean diet, and more than 35% had weight gain. Conclusions: Isolation has mental, physical and social consequences for the elderly with and without dementia, enhancing their fragility and vulnerability. Hence, it is necessary a follow up by the health system and family members, as well as the development of strategies to minimize such losses.