Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mooré (langue)'

Le développement de la géographie linguistique (géolinguistique) donne aujourd'hui un puissant moyen de classification des langues ou de dénombrement des dialectes d'une langue. C'est à partir de l'approche dialectométrique (qui est une discipline réunissant la géolinguistique et la taxinomie numérique) que nous abordons le problème des dialectes Moore et celà en deux points essentiels : - un essai dialectométrique dont le but est l'établissement des frontières linguistiques par la méthode de hiérarchisation des points de notre espace dialectal - une description sommaire des caractéristiques de chaque dialecte.

Dans une perspective didactique, cette étude tente de rendre explicites les connaissances linguistiques des élèves moorephones du Burkina Faso au moment d'apprendre l'allemand comme deuxième langue étrangère, et de mettre ce substrat en parallèle avec les données de la langue à acquérir. L'étude porte sur la phonétique et l'énonciation, mais on y trouve également une présentation générale des langues et de la politique linguistique du Burkina Faso, ainsi qu'un début de réflexion sur l'apprentissage de l'allemand qui constitue sa finalité
In a didactic perspective this essay attempts to clarify the linguistic knowledge of moore-speaking students from Burkina Faso when they start learning German as a second foreign language and a parallel is drawn between that substratum and the data of the language they are to acquire. This study is concerned with phonetics and enunciation; however it also gives an overall presentation of the languages and the linguistic politics of Burkina Faso and initiates a reflection about German learning, its final goal

Cette thèse a pour objectif de décrire et d’analyser le rôle de la prosodie dans la structuration de l’énoncé en mooré (langue à ton parlée au Burkina Faso).Le problème majeur que je tente de résoudre dans ce travail est celui de la réalisation de l’intonation indicatrice de la structure prosodique dans les langues tonales. En d’autres termes, comment l’intonation se réalise-t-elle en mooré, une langue où le ton qui utilise les mêmes paramètres acoustiques doit garder son rôle phonologique ? Les explications détaillées du rôle et de la réalisation du ton et de l’intonation me permettent de déterminer une structure prosodique qui peut rendre compte de l’organisation du mooré parlé. D'un point de vue méthodologique, je m'inspire de la théorie de l'intonation de P. Martin, (2009, 2013, 2015), étant consciente qu’une certaine adaptation est nécessaire du fait de la nature de la langue étudiée.Cette thèse comporte deux parties : dans la première partie, je propose une définition des principaux termes de l’analyse et une présentation du mooré ; dans la deuxième, je m’appuie sur des études expérimentales pour analyser les principaux problèmes.Je m'intéresse, dans un premier temps à la réalisation phonétique du ton. Cette étude m'a permis de confirmer que la hauteur relative des tons est le paramètre le plus important pour distinguer les différents types de tons en mooré.Ensuite, l’examen de la relation entre ton et intonation révèle que la réalisation des tons lexicaux est affectée par celle de l’intonation surtout au niveau des frontières prosodiques. De plus dans l’abaissement tonal (downstep ou downdrift), la réalisation des tons est assujettie à la règle tonale, mais le domaine de l’abaissement est délimité par les frontières prosodiques, lieux de manifestation l’intonation.Enfin, l’étude sur la structuration des énoncés dans la parole lue et spontanée montre, à partir de l’identification d’évènements prosodiques, que les indices acoustiques tels que : la durée des pauses, l’allongement des syllabes finales et les variations de la fréquence fondamentale (F0) accompagnent les frontières perçues. Dans la parole lue, le resetting de F0 au début des unités et les variations de durée des syllabes de frontières prosodiques constituent les principaux indices de démarcation. Dans la parole spontanée, les résultats montrent qu’il y a une relation d’échange entre la durée des syllabes de frontières et celle des pauses et qu’elle s’associe aux variations de F0 pour permettre la structuration des énoncés en mooré
This dissertation describes the role of prosody in the organization of oral speech in Moore (a tone language spoken in Burkina Faso). It investigates the realization of intonation as a sign of prosodic structure in an African tone language. The main problem dealt in this study is: how does intonation work in moore, a tone language in which tone has already an important phonological role?The aim of the analysis is to explain the realization of tone and intonation in order to identify a prosodic structure which will account for the prosodic organization in moore. The theoretical framework is based on P. Martin’s theory of intonation in romance languages (2009, 2013, and 2015). Of course amendments were necessary to adapt it to moore.This dissertation is made up of two sections; the first one is dedicated to defining some important notions of the study and presenting general characteristics of moore. In the second section, experiments were carried out to address the main issues.The phonetic realization of tone was first examined. This study confirms that the relative height of the pitch is the main acoustic parameter used to distinguish the two types of tones in moore.Then the analysis of the relation between tone and intonation reveals that the realization of tones is affected by intonation especially at prosodic boundaries. When downstep is applied, tonal rules determine the realization of tones. However, the domain of the downstep is also marked out by prosodic boundaries (place of the realization of intonation).Finally, based on the identification of prosodic events, the study of moore oral speech (both spontaneous and reading speech) organization shows that acoustic parameters such as: duration of pauses, final syllable lengthening and F0 variations are found with perceived boundaries. The analysis of reading speech reveals that F0 resetting and variations of boundary syllables duration are the major indices which mark the limits of prosodic phrases. In spontaneous speech, the results suggest the existence of a trading relationship between pauses duration and boundary syllables duration. Therefore, the prosodic organization of utterances in moore derives from the combination of F0 variations and the trading relationship

À partir de l’étude systématique de tι et de me, deux unités morpho-lexicales de la langue mooré ce travail fait ressortir que la forme schématique peut être considérée à la fois comme finalité de l’analyse linguistique et outil conceptuel du traitement de la variation sémantique : l’objectif de l’analyse est de définir l’opération fondamentale dont chaque unité morpho-lexicale est la trace, c'est-à-dire sa forme schématique (FS). La FS permet de relier la multitude des valeurs empiriques d’une forme à un invariant. C’est donc le pôle de stabilisation des variations sémantiques d’une forme. Par conséquent, la construction de la FS d’une unité morpho-lexicale est à la fois un objectif et un outil conceptuel de traitement de sa variation sémantique. Par ailleurs, pour déterminer l’opération dont une forme est la trace, une démarche heuristico-procédurale centrée sur la dyade opérateur-opérande a été appliquée. Au terme de ce travail mené dans le cadre de la Théorie des Opérations Prédicatives et Enonciatives développée par Antoine CULIOLI, la thèse défendue est que d’une part, les formes tι et me marquent respectivement les opérations de dissociation et de translation et que d’autre part, le ton haut que peuvent porter ces unités marque l’opération de décrochage. Cette étude révèle également l’asymétrie entre opération et opérateur : il faut au moins un opérateur et un opérande pour obtenir une opération. Opérandes et opérateurs se révèlent alors comme des objets discrets qui s’ordonnent pour constituer des algorithmes, des suites finies d’opérateurs
This work is a systematic study of two morpho-lexical items of mòoré language: tι and me. The framework used is the Theory of Enunciative Operations (TEO) developed by Antoine CULIOLI. In TEO framework, linguistics is defined as the scientific study of language activity and linguistic forms are understood as markers of brain activities/operations. Thus, the definition of the schematic form of each morpho-lexical unit is considered as the purpose of any linguistic study. The schematic form is a metalinguistic representation or simulation of an operation that links one shape to several empirical semantic values and vice-versa. Therefore, the schematic form appears to be a conceptual tool when dealing with semantic variation. The analysis of these two morpho-lexical items of mòoré language come out with the conclusion that tι and me are respectively markers of the operation of dissociation and operation of transfer. The High tone that tι and me can bear is a trace of disconnection operation in mòoré. The Low tone that can bear tι is defined as a default tone in mòoré language. This study also revealed the asymmetric relation between operation and operator: for one operation, at least one operator and one operand are needed to get a single operation. Operators and operands are ranked to constitute some algorithms. An algorithm is a ranked set of operators

Despite having a rather weak family connection to Ireland, the American modernist poet Marianne Moore (1887-1972) described herself in a letter to Ezra Pound in 1919 as ‘Irish by descent’. This thesis relates Moore’s claim of Irish descent to her career as a publisher, poet and playwright, and argues that her decision to shape an Irish inheritance for herself was linked with her self-identification as an American poet. Chapter 1 discusses Moore’s self-confessed susceptibility to ‘Irish magic’ in relation to the increase in contributions from Irish writers during her editorship of The Dial magazine from 1925 to 1929. Moore’s 1915 poems to the Irish writers George Moore, W. B. Yeats and George Bernard Shaw, which reveal a paradoxical desire for affiliation to, and disassociation from, Irish literary traditions, are scrutinized in Chapter 2. Chapters 3a and b discuss Moore’s ‘Irish’ poems ‘Sojourn in the Whale’ (1917) and ‘Spenser’s Ireland’ (1941). In both poems political events in Ireland – the ‘Easter Rising’ of 1916 and Ireland’s policy of neutrality during World War II – become a backdrop for Moore’s personal anxieties as an American poet of ‘Irish’ descent coming to terms with her political and cultural inheritance. Expanding upon previous chapters’ discussion of the interrelation of poetics and politics, Chapter 4 shows how Moore’s use of Irish sources in ‘Spenser’s Ireland’ and other poems including ‘Silence’ and the ‘Student’ reflects her quixotic attitude to Irish culture as alternately an inspiration and a tool for manipulation. The final chapter discusses Moore’s adaptation of the Anglo-Irish novelist Maria Edgeworth’s 1812 novel The Absentee as a play in 1954. Through this last piece of ‘Irish’ writing, Moore adopts a sentimentality that befits the later stages of her career and illustrates how Irish literature, rather than Irish politics, has emerged as her ultimate source of inspiration.

This paper is a psychological reading of E. M. Forster's A Pasage to India. It uses the psychological theories of C. G. Jung and the methodological postulates of Jungian literary critic, Terence Dawson, to examine the psychological implications of the text, especially in relation to the novel's characters. Attention is given to biographical material related to Forster, particularly his homosexuality, that is important for understanding the psychological implications of the text as well as Forster's art. The paper concludes that the Marabar Caves is the the central psychological symbol of the narrative, representing what Jung calls the collective unconscious. Both Adela Quested and Mrs. Moore, the novel's effective protagonist, encounter heretofore unconscious material in the caves that precipitate psychological growth for each. Adela's encounter is best understood as an animus confrontation while Mrs. Moore's more profound journey is best characterized as a meeting of the self archetype.

Notre étude s'attache à reconnaitre en Thompson Clarke, le précurseur d'un contextualisme épistémique puissant qui rend compte de l'applicabilité conceptuelle et ce que prétendent signifier les philosophes. En effet, Clarke examine les définitions épistémologiques traditionnelles à propos de la nature des concepts, du philosopher, de l'ordinarité et du scepticisme. En étudiant la nature de l'épistémologie traditionnelle, il ambitionne de substituer à la méthode austinienne, sa propre méthode d'examen des présupposés concernant la nature de l'expérience et du langage. Il défend ainsi une philosophie de la connaissance programmatique qui nous interroge sur ce que nous faisons avec nos concepts en matière de connaissance. Elle peut être réalisée à partir de l'examen du legs du scepticisme, à savoir : un nouvel éclairage apporté à la nature et aux procédures du scénario sceptique montre manifestement que la prétendue objectivité attribuée à l'ordinarité n'est que superficielle ou relative. L'idée clarkienne de relative non-objectivité n'est en aucune mesure identifiable ou réductible à un relativisme ou à un subjectivisme épistémique. Selon Clarke, il n'existe pas de traits internes à l'expérience. Il suggère simplement que l'existence des objets nous est confirmée à partir de traits caractéristiques que nous discernons, reconnaissons et identifions comme tels. Ces traits qui caractérisent les objets nous permettent d'établir l'applicabilité des concepts. Or, l'ordinarité n'a pas proprement de traits qui la restreindraient à être de telle ou telle manière, comme le prétendent les philosophes et les sceptiques. Cette prétention relève d'un rêve d'une complétude intégrale de la concevabilité de la structure de l'ordinarité partagé implicitement par les épistémologues et leurs détracteurs, les sceptiques. Le rêve et la veille ne sont pas deux expériences au sein d'un genre qu'il suffirait d'identifier. Tout comme le rêve n'a pas de traits caractéristiques qui viendraient déterminer son application ou sa non-application, l'ordinarité n'a pas de traits en propre qui nous permettent fondamentalement de déterminer et de fixer, ni une limite à celle-ci, ni une frontière absolue entre le philosophique et le non philosophique. Pour ces raisons, selon Clarke, nous ne savons pas foncièrement, ni ce qu'est un concept, ni pourquoi les concepts et leurs applications, comme ceux de Plain et de Philosophical, sont susceptibles d'être sensible au contexte
Our study focuses on the recognition that Thompson Clarke was the precursor of a powerful epistemic contextualism which gives an account of conceptual applicability and what philosophers claim to mean. Clarke examines the traditional epistemological definitions pertaining to the nature of concepts, of philosophizing, of ordinarity and of skepticism. By studying the nature of traditional epistemology, his ambition is to substitute his own method for examining presuppositions with regard to the nature of experience and of language for that of Austin. He thus defends a philosophy of programmed understanding which makes us look at what we do with our concepts regarding understanding. It can be achieved by an examination of the legacy of skepticism, i.e. a new light thrown on the nature and the procedures of the skeptic’s scenario manifestly show that the so-called objectivity attributed to ordinarity is only superficial or relative. The Clarkian idea of relative non-objectivity is in no way identifiable with, or merely reduced to, epistemic relativism or to epistemic subjectivism. According to Clarke, experience has no internal features. He simply suggests that the existence of objects is confirmed by characteristic features that we discern, recognize and identify as such. These features which characterize objects enable us to establish the applicability of the concepts. However, ordinarity does not strictly have features which would restrict it from being thus or thus as philosophers and skeptics claim. This claim belongs to a dream of a completedness of the conceivability of the structure of ordinarity shared implicitly by the epistemologists and their detractors, the skeptics. The states of dreaming and waking are not two experiences of a type which it suffices to identify. Just as the dream does not have characteristic features which will determine its application or its non-application, ordinarity does not have features of its own which fundamentally enable us to determine and to fix either a limit to it, or an absolute boundary between the philosophical and the non philosophical. For these reasons, according to Clarke, we don’t really know what a concept is, nor why concepts and their applications, such as those of the Plain and of the Philosophical, are likely to be context-sensitive

Notre these s'articule autour des fondements, limites et repercussions de l'emotivisme. Au long de ses pages, nous envisageons de degager les elements qui nous permettront d'actualiser sa problematique majeure : ce que les emotions peuvent nous apprendre a propos de l'ethique. Il s'agit donc de trouver une connexion possible entre raison et emotion dans la structure de l'action morale. Notre travail s'ouvre par un chapitre sur les fondements de la philosophie analytique du langage moral, dans lequel nous essayons de delimiter les origines et les interets theoriques de la meta-ethique, a partir des vues de son precurseur : george moore. Ensuite, afin de parcourir les diatribes de la theorie emotiviste, nous tentons de demontrer le soubassement neopositiviste de sa conception de l'ethique en tenant compte des influences de son principal instigateur : ludwig wittgenstein. Notre examen de l'approche emotiviste est centre sur l'ouvrage "language. Truth and logic" d'alfred ayer et surtout "ethics and language" de charles stevenson. Ici, nous envisageons non seulement de mettre en relief les traits generaux d'une telle theorie, mais aussi souligner les incompletudes de cette approche ainsi que l'etroitesse de sa conception de l'emotion. En depit de ses lacunes, nous jugeons que l'emotivisme a eu le merite de reintroduire la discussion sur la fonction de l'affectivite en morale. Dans son ensemble nos propositions visent trois buts : a) reconstituer le parcours de l'emotivisme et les critiques qui lui sont adressees; b) demontrer, a partir de sa confrontation avec les approches natuuralistes (darwinisme social, evolutionnisme, sociobiologie) l'inconsistance de son programme de recherche : c) finalment que le rapport "pathos-logos" doit conquerir le droit de cite en ethique. C'est pourquoi nous cherchons a fonder notre these selon laquelle "si la morale sans emotions est vide; une morale en comportant que l'emotion est aveugle"
This thesis is concerned with emotivism, its foundations, scope and consequences. It concentrates in those elements which will facilitate examination of the fondamental question : what can emotions teach us about ethics ? a potential' conection between reason and emotion in the structure of moral action wole be sought. The study begins with a chapter concerning the basis of the analytical philosophy of moral language, in which the origins and the theorical interests of meta-ethics from the theories of its precursor george moore will be discussed. Then, in order to explore the diatribes of the emotivism theory, a demonstration of the neopositivist basis of its conception of ethics, taking into account the influence of its main instigator ludwig wittgenstein, will be attempted. The study of the emotivist approach is centred, here, on the work "language, truth and logic" by alfred ayer and above "ethics and language" by charles stevenson. The general caracteristics of this theory will be examined : however, the limitations of this approach and the ratrowness of its conception of emotion will not be ignored. Despite its shortcomings, this theory has the merit of refocusing attention on the debate aboute the fonction of emotion in moral theory. This thesis as a whole has three aims : a) the reconstruction of the development of emotivism and critical reactions to it; b) the demonstration through its opposition to the naturalist approaches of ethics (social darwinism, evolutionnism, sociobiology) the flinsiness of its research methods; c) the conslusion that the relation pathos/logos" must restablish its rightful place in the philosophical debate

This thesis examines representations of sensation within modernist novels alongside contemporary philosophical debates over the concept of qualia. Concentrating on the work of Virginia Woolf, James Joyce, Percy Wyndham Lewis, and Samuel Beckett, it confronts a longstanding critical tradition that has tended to obscure or misunderstand the implications of arguments made by philosophers of mind in relation to literary descriptions of sensation. That the mind is a thing, and that modernist narrative fiction is particularly successful at representing that thing, has become a critical commonplace. In this thesis I argue that interpretations of modernism’s supposed ‘inward turn’ are founded on a mistaken notion of ‘cognitive realism’, a critical position endorsing the idea that it is both possible and desirable to describe the mind (conceived of as a stable and unchanging object) without loss through the development and judicial deployment of new literary techniques. The myth of the inward turn in its various incarnations – the psychologised modernism described by many literary critics in the 50s and 60s, and the neuromodernism subscribed to by many contemporary critics – is, I argue, largely the result of a set of inter-linked misconceptions which attend the cognitive realist paradigm. The notion of qualia is central to my thesis. Defined as the ineffable, irreducible, and subjective properties of conscious experience, qualia emerge concomitantly with modernism, developing out of G. E. Moore’s definition of ‘sense-data’ and Bertrand Russell’s category of ‘sensibilia’. Though still disputed within contemporary philosophy, qualia create huge problems for materialist theories of consciousness, threatening to undermine critical approaches to literature which contend that formal literary strategies can ever hope to transcend the limitations of symbolic language in conveying sensation. The ‘problem’ of qualia referred to in this thesis, therefore, is the problem the concept poses for symbolic descriptions (either mathematic, psychological, or literary) of mental states, especially when those descriptions make special claims (or are interpreted as making special claims) of mimetic veracity. The problem emerged within philosophy at precisely the point at which the representative claims of literature came under direct attack. This thesis argues, therefore, that it is a profoundly literary problem, and that the absence of ‘sensation’ from the written is simply a manifestation of the inherent limitations of language. A critical tendency to re-insert sensory experience into the process of reading – through phenomenological interpretations of modernism, or in contemporary ‘neuroaesthetic’ approaches to literature – thus point to a general anxiety that manifests itself most forcefully in relation to modernist fiction’s ability to ‘write’ sensation. This thesis employs the concept of qualia as a way of contextualising narratives of the mind – philosophical, literary and scientific – from the period. In doing so it seeks to historicise modernism’s ‘crisis of the senses’; locating this argument in a broader theoretical space and questioning the relevance (and novelty) of contemporary approaches to reading the senses in modernism.

At the beginning of the twenty-first century British costume museums were failing to attract audiences; consequently, all but the Gallery of Costume, Manchester and the Fashion Museum, Bath were closed to the public. This thesis has sought to examine the traditional display methodologies of historic costume museums, using the Gallery of Costume as its primary case study of practice. This investigation problematises the theoretical assumptions upon which the gallery’s display methodologies are founded and compares its approaches to those taken in contemporary displays of historic dress. The findings of this investigation have been used to propose new approaches to the display of historic dress that aim to engage contemporary audiences. Using the research methods of participant observation, interviews and archival research the first chapter of this thesis outlines the development of the Gallery of Costume’s display methodologies, highlighting the agency of individual curators. The next two chapters explore the ways in which curators of dress reconstruct the bodies and personalities that give form to worn dress in the museum. The thesis moves on to examine both the methods by which the Gallery of Costume’s constructed history in its displays of history and the theoretical assumptions underlying its historiography. This chapter is followed by an exploration of the performance of fashion within the museum, attending to the way in which exhibitions can express dress as ‘living’ concept within accepted conservation guidelines. Finally, this thesis outlines a framework upon which reflexive exhibitions of historic dress can be built.

With evidence ranging from visual representations by scanning tunneling microscopes to the fluid and dynamic language of poetry, my research shows that we are shifting from a culture primarily based on ‘sight’ to one that is involved with ‘touch,’ metaphorically and literally speaking. Recent developments in theory and technology, especially quantum physics and post-structuralism, have redefined representation to encompass the necessary reflex of the representer. To be sure, my research has also found feminist and postcolonial criticisms to echo this theory: both have sought to challenge representations due to the objectivity normally attributed to the representer, the Cartesian logic of which quantum theory has destabilized. Thus, by reading poetry with a quantum theoretical lens, specifically the works of Gertrude Stein, Marianne Moore, Anne Carson, and Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, I show how ‘touch’ plays into our language, consequently affecting how we think through language.
Master of Arts

“Liminal Spaces and The Disabled Body” explores Edmund Burke’s aesthetic paradigms as established in his An Enquiry into the Origin of Our Notions of the Sublime and the Beautiful to recover what disability meant for an eighteenth-century audience. I examine Burney’s Camilla and Eugenia’s disability as well as Dacre’s Zofloya and Victoria’s figurative hermaphroditism in terms of eighteenth-century views of deformity and physiognomy to argue that both Eugenia’s and Victoria’s deformities—Eugenia’s smallpox scars and injured leg and Victoria’s beautiful but too boldly delineated features—challenge the prevailing structures of aesthetics and expectations of feminine beauty. My thesis questions how eighteenth-century aesthetic theory constructs the modern concept of the “disabled” individual to argue that the female body with a disability or deformity surpasses the terms of submission and diminution instated by Burkean aesthetics. In turn, the disabled female gains purchase in literature due to her “liminal, between-categories status” as it strains masculine power structures and aesthetic and gender classification systems.

This thesis offers a contrastive analysis of the notion of definiteness as conveyed by the system of the article in English and Standard Arabic. Definiteness and other notions associated with it are investigated semantically and syntactically in an attempt to discover how these two languages approach such notions and when the two languages converge and diverge in this respect. To this end, corpus analysis is chosen as a means to inspect these ideas. The corpus, The Brook Kerith, by the Irish writer, George Moore, is chosen for geo-historical and literary reasons: the story takes place in the Holy Land at the dawn of this Christian era. A contrastive analysis of the first chapter along with its translation is analyzed from a pragmatic and semantic perspective. The analysis is followed by statistical and computational analyses. It is found that the article "the" and the Arabic article "al' are used for seemingly the same purpose in the proportion of 76%. The occurrence of the article "a/an" is 96% consistent with indefiniteness in Arabic. However, the use of the "zero article" shows discrepancy as whether to use the article "al" or no article in Arabic. In the last analysis, the cognitive operations underlying usage in both languages are similar. The differences are on the level of the semiotic transformation of these deep operations.

This diploma thesis is focused on the topic of preschool education of french language, its possibilities and limits. The question is considered from a psychological perspective and the starting point is the mental evolution of child. The main aim is to discover if it?s possible to teach french language in the early years, from three to six years old, and, if so, how and with which results. Investigations were conducted in two preschools for which the author prepared and with a native speaker taught french lessons. Final results of this thesis follow from this personal experience of the author.

Lingvistika je představena v aplikaci na řešení obtíží u lidí s jazykovým hendikepem, kteří se nacházejí ve speciálně pedagogickém prostředí. Ve výzkumu a rehabilitaci jazykových symptomů se nazývá klinickou lingvistikou. Klinická lingvistika kooperuje v multidisciplinárním kontextu s psycholingvistikou a neurolingvistikou. Práce nastiňuje potřebnost klinické lingvistiky také v českém měřítku. Je analyzována diagnóza vývojová anartrie u celoživotně nemluvících lidí s dětskou mozkovou obrnou. Vývojová anartrie je dosti častou diagnózou ve speciálním školství. Vyjevuje se její nedostatečný popis klinickou logopedií a potřeba její analýzy z klinicko-lingvistického hlediska. U vývojové anartrie je odhaleno druhotné narušení jazykových funkcí, sekundární dysfázie. Sekundární dysfázie u vývojové anartrie se manifestuje na všech jazykových rovinách, práce tuto manifestaci ukazuje. Inteligentní lidé s vývojovou anartrií se ocitají v situaci pozdní akvizice mateřského jazyka, který produkčně uchopují pouze ve formě psané řeči. Mají dílčí percepční obtíže. Fatální nemožnost mluvené produkce jim zapříčiňuje subvokální vnitřně řečový deficit. Je diskutován potenciál těchto lidí osvojovat jazyk v procesu pozdní akvizice, diskuze je uvedena v kontextu světového výzkumu o otázkách maturace a kritických period....