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Journal articles on the topic 'Mopane tree'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 February 2022

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1

Oppong, C. K., A. Addo-Bediako, M. J. Potgieter, and D. C. J. Wessels. "Distribution of the Eggs of the Mopane PsyllidRetroacizzia mopani(Hemiptera: Psyllidae) on the Mopane Tree." African Invertebrates 50, no. 1 (June 2009): 185–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5733/afin.050.0107.

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2

Maquia, Ivete, Silvia Catarino, Ana R. Pena, Denise R. A. Brito, Natasha S. Ribeiro, Maria M. Romeiras, and Ana I. Ribeiro-Barros. "Diversification of African Tree Legumes in Miombo–Mopane Woodlands." Plants 8, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants8060182.

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The southern African Miombo and Mopane ecoregions constitute a unique repository of plant diversity whose diversification and evolutionary history is still understudied. In this work, we assessed the diversity, distribution, and conservation status of Miombo and Mopane tree legumes within the Zambezian phytoregion. Data were retrieved from several plant and gene databases and phylogenetic analyses were performed based on genetic barcodes. Seventy-eight species (74 from Miombo and 23 from Mopane, 19 common to both ecoregions) have been scored. Species diversity was high within both ecoregions, but information about the actual conservation status is scarce and available only for ca. 15% of the species. Results of phylogenetic analyses were consistent with current legume classification but did not allow us to draw any conclusion regarding the evolutionary history of Miombo and Mopane tree legumes. Future studies are proposed to dissect the diversity and structure of key species in order to consolidate the network of conservation areas.

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3

Kapoor, B. B. S., and Shelja Pandita. "Ascorbic Acid Contents From Some Exotic Tree Species Growing in Rajasthan Desert." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 1, no. 03 (September 30, 2013): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.1.3.6.

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Ascorbic acid contents of stems, leaves and fruits from four selected exotic tree species like Colophospermum mopane, Holoptelea integrifolia, Kigelia pinnata and Putranjiva roxburghii have been analysed. Maximum ascorbic acid contents were found in the fruits of Colophospermum mopane (42.10mg/100g.d.w.) while, minimum in the stems of Kigelia plnnata (22.15mg/100g.d.w).

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4

Hartnett, David C., Jacqueline P. Ott, Kathryn Sebes, and Marks K. Ditlhogo. "Coping with herbivory at the juvenile stage: responses to defoliation and stem browsing in the African savanna tree Colophospermum mopane." Journal of Tropical Ecology 28, no. 2 (February 13, 2012): 161–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467412000028.

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Abstract:Responses of plants to herbivory are dependent on the type of damage and the ontogenetic stage of the plant. We compared the effects of stem pruning and defoliation on seedlings of Colophospermum mopane, an ecologically important tree species widely distributed in southern Africa. The growth of 160 greenhouse-grown juveniles were measured for 6-mo after germination and then 6-mo after treatments including 50% defoliation, 100% defoliation, 50% stem pruning and controls. Pruning resulted in 30% reductions in total leaf area, height and biomass. Partial defoliation resulted in 30% reductions in total leaf area and plant biomass. However, complete defoliation resulted in a 30% increase in biomass production, a doubling in leaf and lateral branch number, a 45% reduction in leaf size, and no change in total leaf area. Thus, completely defoliated seedlings showed greater performance than those that were only partially defoliated, indicating that C. mopane has become adapted to the chronic and severe defoliation inflicted by Imbrasia belina caterpillars. Comparison of our results with other studies indicates that C. mopane seedlings are less herbivory-tolerant than adults and that pruning has more negative effects than defoliation. Thus, seedling browsers may constrain recruitment in C. mopane, influencing its population dynamics and abundance.

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Kapoor, B. B. S., and Shelja Pandita. "Flavonoid Contents From Some Exotic Tree Species Growing In Rajasthan Desert." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 1, no. 03 (September 30, 2013): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.1.3.4.

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Evaluation of flavonoid contents from four selected exotic tree species like Colophospermum mopane, Holoptelea integrifolia, Kigelia pinnata and Putranjiva roxburghii growing in Rajasthan Desert was carried out. The leaves of selected trees were analysed for flavonoid contents i.e. Quercetin and Kaempferol. Flavonoid contents like Quercetin and Kaempferol were isolated and identified. The maximum total flavonoid contents (17.10mg./gdw) was found in leaves of Putranjiva roxburghii while minimum (9.20mg./gdw) in leaves of Holoptelea integrifolia.

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6

Hrabar, Halszka, Dawood Hattas, and Johan T. du Toit. "Differential effects of defoliation by mopane caterpillars and pruning by African elephants on the regrowth of Colophospermum mopane foliage." Journal of Tropical Ecology 25, no. 3 (May 2009): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467409005872.

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Abstract:Plant responses to herbivory vary depending on herbivory type, yet the comparative effects of defoliation (e.g. by insects) and pruning (e.g. by large mammals) on a single tree species are poorly documented. We investigated this in the Northern Province of South Africa by comparing the regrowth of Colophospermum mopane trees previously defoliated by caterpillars or pruned by elephants, the two main browsers of C. mopane foliage. Shoots were up to 160% and 125% longer after natural (elephant) and simulated pruning and leaves ~25% longer in regrowth after natural pruning (n = 13–15 trees per treatment). Shoot density and chemical defences in leaves (tannin:protein ratio and total polyphenolic concentration) were, however, no different from control trees. Simulated defoliation resulted in statistically insignificant changes to regrowth in terms of leaf and shoot size (both slightly decreased) and shoot density (slightly increased). Natural (caterpillar) defoliation, however, resulted in regrowth with significantly decreased shoot and leaf size (about 50% and 20% of control lengths, respectively), as well as decreased leaf chemical defence. Shoot and leaf length were longer on trees flushing for the first time after pruning and late-season defoliation had a greater negative impact than mid-season defoliation. Despite the differences in regrowth characteristics after pruning and defoliation, mopane plants showed no apparent trade-off in investment between tolerance and resistance after either herbivory type, as neither regrowth nor chemical defence occurred at the expense of the other.

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7

Kapoor, B. B. S., and Shelja Pandita. "Antimicrobial Screening of Some Exotic Tree Species of Rajasthan Desert." Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biological Research 1, no. 03 (September 30, 2013): 08–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.30750/ijpbr.1.3.2.

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Antimicrobial screening of ethyl ether and alcoholic extracts of leaves of four selected exotic tree species growing in Rajasthan Desert was carried out. Colophospermum mopane, Holoptelea integrifolia, Kigelia pinnata and Putranjiva roxburghii showed positive reactions against bacterial pathogens i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and a fungal pathogen Candida albicans.

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8

Kinahan, John. "Under the mopane tree: Holocene settlement in northern Namibia." Azania: Archaeological Research in Africa 47, no. 2 (June 2012): 238–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0067270x.2012.678652.

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9

Angombe, S. T., R. N. Shikangalah, E. G. E.G. Kwembeya, and N. Kanime. "Potential for crown diameter as a predictor of canopy cover under National Park conditions." African Crop Science Journal 28, s1 (October 2, 2020): 305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v28i1.23s.

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The global loss of biodiversity has led to relentless calls from conservationists to protect the environment and natural habitats. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of crown diameter for prediction of canopy cover under national park conditions. The study was conducted in Etosha National Park, Namibia in 2015. Three tree species, namely Combretum imberbe, Colophospermum mopane and Terminalia prunioides were considered as representative members of the park species based on their relative population density. The study employed regression analysis to examine the nature of relationships between tree crown diameter (the dependent variable) and tree height, diameter at breast height (DBH) and distance from watering holes as independent variables. The regression coefficients for Combretum imberbe were not significant (P = 0.116; P = 0.431; P = 0.884, respectively), suggesting that crown diameter was not well estimated by these explanatory variables. On the other hand, there were significant relationships between DBH and crown diameter, as well as between crown diameter and tree height. Tree height emerged as the stronger predictor of crown diameter for both Terminalia prunioides and Colophospermum mopane. Therefore, the relationship between tree height and crown diameter as explained by cubic function can further be used to evaluate and estimate canopy cover under national park conditions.

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10

Smit, Nico. "Response ofColophospermum mopaneto different intensities of tree thinning in the Mopane Bushveld of southern Africa." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 31, no. 2 (April 24, 2014): 173–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/10220119.2014.899513.

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11

Togarepi, C., E. Nashidengo, and N. Siyambango. "Effects of Climatic Variability and Non-Climatic Factors on Mopane Worms’ (Gonimbrasia Belina) Distribution and Livelihood Options in North Central Namibia." Environment and Natural Resources Research 10, no. 2 (April 4, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/enrr.v10n2p14.

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Mopane worms (Gonimbrasia belina) are an important source of food and income for households in Northern Namibia. However, their access and availability in many areas have declined, mainly due to climate change and human activities. This has affected many households’ livelihoods, making them vulnerable to poverty and food insecurity. With these factors in mind, this study sought to identify the extent to which the availability and distribution of mopane worms are influenced in the Tsandi and Okahao constituencies. The study used structured questionnaires to collect information from households in the study area, to interview key informants, and to carry out group discussions. A total of 70 households and 6 key informants were interviewed, along with 4 focus group discussions that were carried out to elicit perceptions, and to obtain views on the availability of mopane worms, and possible causes of the decline in the study area. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, while GIS was used to determine trends in vegetation cover, temperature and rainfall in the area. The rainfall trend indicates variability, with a generally declining trend. A slight increase in temperature has been observed too. Vegetation showed a browning trend in the study area, indicating declining habitats of mopane worms. The results have indicated that more women depend on mopane worms for survival, mainly as a source of income. Thus the decline in their availability greatly affects their food sources and their income diversification opportunities. Trading was found to be an important form of employment for the unemployed rural people, but with the potential to generate higher income levels that can improve their livelihoods. Moreover, despite the climatic factors, human activities seemed to indicate a greater influence on the availability of mopane worms, due to activities such as overharvesting, land clearing for agriculture and household use/fencing. Thus, there is a greater need to control the harvesting of mopane worms and to control tree cutting activities in order to reduce the impacts of climatic and non-climatic factors on their availability.

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12

Ketter, Benjamin L., and Ricardo M. Holdo. "Strong competitive effects of African savanna C4 grasses on tree seedlings do not support rooting differentiation." Journal of Tropical Ecology 34, no. 1 (January 2018): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467418000020.

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Abstract:Rooting differentiation between established trees and grasses has been well documented in savannas, but it remains unclear to what extent tree-grass rooting differences affect competition between newly established seedlings and grasses. To examine this question, a greenhouse experiment was conducted at the University of Missouri, USA. Twenty 3-mo-old seedlings each of two African savanna tree species (Acacia nigrescens and Colophospermum mopane) were grown for 8 mo with two crossed factors: grass competition and irrigation depth. Strong negative effects of grass competition on final seedling biomass and leaf photosynthetic and stomatal conductance occurred in both tree species, but no effects of irrigation depth were detected. There was a clear tree species by grass competition interaction, suggesting interspecific variation in competitive response. The results emphasize the importance of below-ground competition with grasses for physiological and morphological responses of tree seedlings, while minimizing the importance of tree-grass rooting depth differences as a factor in modulating the competitive response of trees to grasses at the seedling stage.

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13

Mlambo, Donald, Eddie Mwenje, and Petros Nyathi. "Effects of tree cover and season on soil nitrogen dynamics and microbial biomass in an African savanna woodland dominated by Colophospermum mopane." Journal of Tropical Ecology 23, no. 4 (July 2007): 437–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467407004233.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of tree cover and season on soil N dynamics and microbial biomass in a semi-arid southern African savanna in Zimbabwe. We used a randomized complete block design with five blocks of 100 × 100 m, demarcated in a 10-ha pocket of Colophospermum mopane-dominated woodland protected from grazing and fire. In each block, we randomly selected three mopane trees with large canopies (8.3 m crown diameter) and another three with small canopies (2.7 m crown diameter). We determined soil organic carbon and nutrient concentrations, litterfall N and C inputs, microbial biomass and N transformations beneath large and small mopane trees as well as in the intercanopy areas. Soil organic carbon, microbial biomass, N, P and K were more than twice those beneath large trees than in the intercanopy areas. Rainy-season net mineral N accumulation rate in the surface soil (0–10 cm) ranged from 3.71 μg g−1 mo−1 in the intercanopy areas to 8.80 μg g−1 mo−1 beneath large trees; correspondingly, net nitrate accumulation rate ranged from 1.33 to 3.60 μg g−1 mo−1. Dry-season net mineral N and net nitrate accumulation rates were similar across sampling sites and did not exceed 2 and 0.4 μg g−1 mo−1, respectively. Litterfall N inputs were positively and significantly correlated with soil N availability, microbial biomass N and N transformations. At all sampling sites, microbial biomass and mineral N pools in the dry season were maximum when soil moisture (∼5%) and N transformations were minimum. In contrast, when soil moisture (9–13%) and N transformations were maximum in the rainy season, microbial biomass and mineral N pools were minimum. It is concluded that the improved soil conditions beneath isolated trees in semi-arid savannas may enhance herbaceous biomass yield especially of canopy shade-tolerant species.

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14

KRÜGER, H., L. R. TIEDT, and D. C. J. WESSELS. "Floral development in the legume tree Colophospermum mopane, Caesalpinioideae: Detarieae." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 131, no. 3 (November 1999): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.1999.tb00766.x.

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15

Smit, G. N., and N. F. G. Rethmar. "The influence of tree thinning on the reproduction dynamics of Colophospermum mopane." South African Journal of Botany 64, no. 1 (February 1998): 25–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30823-1.

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16

Muatinte, Bernardo L., and Johnnie Van den Berg. "Suitability of Wild Host Plants and Firewood as Hosts of Prostephanus truncatus (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) in Mozambique." Journal of Economic Entomology 112, no. 4 (March 7, 2019): 1705–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/toz042.

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Abstract Prostephanus truncatus (Horn) (Coleoptera: Bostrichidae) populations are maintained in wild host plants such as trees that act as pest reservoirs from where beetle infestation of maize granaries take place. In this study, we assessed the suitability of plant species sold and transported as firewood as well as other plant species in Mozambique as hosts for P. truncatus. Prostephanus truncatus was only recorded from three tree species, which are sold as firewood, i.e., Brachystegia spiciformis, Strychnos spinosa, and Colophospermum mopane. The pest survived and bred in 13 tree and 7 grass species. Dry wood of several tree species and the grasses Acroceras macrum and Hyparrhenia hirta were suitable hosts for pest development. Sale and transport of certain firewood species may be an important driver of the spread of this pest. The importance of dry maize stalks and several grass species in sustaining pest populations is described for the first time. Several grass species are used as thatch or fencing material and, together with maize crop residues close to small-scale granaries, may provide significant sources of beetle infestation.

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Loveridge, John P., and Stein R. Moe. "Termitaria as browsing hotspots for African megaherbivores in miombo woodland." Journal of Tropical Ecology 20, no. 3 (April 21, 2004): 337–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467403001202.

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Thirteen termite mounds and 13 similar-sized control plots were surveyed in central Zimbabwe in order to study large mammalian browsing and vegetation characteristics. The mounds supported almost twice as many tree species as the control plots and the woody vegetation was denser on mounds compared with the woodland plots. Species of woody plants were recorded along with the percentage of branches browsed (cumulative browsing score) by black rhino, Diceros bicornis, elephant, Loxodonta africana and other browsers combined. In addition we measured how the cumulative browsing score on three woody plant species, Acacia nilotica, Colophospermum mopane and Dichrostachys cinerea, which were common both on and off mounds, was related to the distance from mound centre. Both black rhino and elephant cumulative browsing scores were significantly higher on the mound plants compared with the woodland plots. Cumulative browsing score was negatively related to distance from the mound centre for Dichrostachys cinerea, Colophospermum mopane and Acacia nilotica. We propose that termite mound construction in miombo woodland contributes to sustaining populations of megaherbivores and perhaps some woody species in these areas.

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18

Duffy, Kevin J., Timothy G. O’Connor, and Obiora C. Collins. "A lepidopteran (Imbrasia belina) might influence tree-grass balance of Colophospermum mopane savanna." Theoretical Ecology 11, no. 4 (May 14, 2018): 503–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12080-018-0379-y.

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19

., W. Mojeremane, and T. Kgati . "Seed Treatments for Enhancing Germination of Colophospermum mopane Seeds: A Multipurpose Tree in Botswana." Journal of Biological Sciences 5, no. 3 (April 15, 2005): 309–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2005.309.311.

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20

Mlambo, Donald. "Influence of soil fertility on the physiognomy of the African savanna tree Colophospermum mopane." African Journal of Ecology 45, no. 1 (March 2007): 109–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.2006.00676.x.

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21

Liu, FeiFei, Seonju Marincowitz, ShuaiFei Chen, Michael Mbenoun, Panaghiotis Tsopelas, Nikoleta Soulioti, and Michael J. Wingfield. "Novel species of Huntiella from naturally-occurring forest trees in Greece and South Africa." MycoKeys 69 (June 9, 2020): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.69.53205.

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Huntiella species are wood-infecting, filamentous ascomycetes that occur in fresh wounds on a wide variety of tree species. These fungi are mainly known as saprobes although some have been associated with disease symptoms. Six fungal isolates with typical culture characteristics of Huntiella spp. were collected from wounds on native forest trees in Greece and South Africa. The aim of this study was to identify these isolates, using morphological characters and multigene phylogenies of the rRNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, portions of the β-tubulin (BT1) and translation elongation factor 1α (TEF-1α) genes. The mating strategies of these fungi were also determined through PCR amplification of mating type genes. The study revealed two new species; one from Platanus orientalis in Greece and one from Colophospermum mopane and Senegalia nigrescens in South Africa. These novel taxa have been provided with the names, H. hellenicasp. nov. and H. krugerisp. nov., respectively. The former species was found to have a homothallic and the latter a heterothallic mating system.

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22

Muvengwi, Justice, Monicah Mbiba, and Tatenda Nyenda. "Termite mounds may not be foraging hotspots for mega-herbivores in a nutrient-rich matrix." Journal of Tropical Ecology 29, no. 6 (September 4, 2013): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467413000564.

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Abstract:Our study investigated the influence of termitaria on vegetation utilization by elephants in Chewore North, Zimbabwe. Ten termite mounds and ten similar sized control plots were surveyed for soil nutrients, tree species diversity and plant biomass removal by elephants. Termite mounds had higher mean (± SE) concentrations of P, Ca, Mg and Na (0.15 ± 0.01, 48.8 ± 9.32, 5.78 ± 1.59 and 0.47 ± 0.12 meq per 100 g respectively) than control plots (0.05 ± 0.01, 3.33 ± 0.56, 1.53 ± 0.22 and 0.19 ± 0.02 meq per 100 g). However, Shannon Wiener index of tree diversity did not vary significantly between termite mounds (1.13 ± 0.280) and their control plots (0.827 ± 0.469). Contrary to most studies investigating patterns of vegetation utilization by large mammalian herbivores on termitaria, biomass removal was five times more on control plots than termite mounds. No difference in biomass removal was noted for Colophospermum mopane which had enough replicates for statistical analysis both on termite mounds and control plots. Our study negates the hypothesis that nutrient-rich soil patches will act as feeding hotspots for large mammalian herbivores. We concluded that vegetation utilization by elephants may be tree species specific, particularly in nutrient-rich environments.

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23

Johnson, J. M., J. Pritchard, J. Gorham, and A. D. Tomos. "Growth, water relations and solute accumulation in osmotically stressed seedlings of the tropical tree Colophospermum mopane." Tree Physiology 16, no. 8 (August 1, 1996): 713–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/16.8.713.

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24

Singh, G. "RESOURCE USE AND CROP PRODUCTIVITY IN A COLOPHOSPERMUM MOPANE TREE BASED AGRO- ECOSYSTEM IN INDIAN DESERT." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2012): 503–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1004_503519.

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25

LEWIS, DALEM. "Observations of tree growth, woodland structure and elephant damage on Colophospermum mopane in Luangwa Valley, Zambia." African Journal of Ecology 29, no. 3 (September 1991): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2028.1991.tb01003.x.

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Stevens, Nicola. "What shapes the range edge of a dominant African savanna tree, Colophospermum mopane ? A demographic approach." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 9 (March 29, 2021): 3726–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7377.

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27

Smit, G. N. "The importance of Salvadora australis in relation to tree thinning in preserving herbaceous plants in a semi-arid Colophospermum mopane savanna." Journal of Arid Environments 55, no. 3 (November 2003): 483–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-1963(02)00270-7.

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Magalhães, Tarquinio Mateus, Victoria Norberto Cossa, and Rosta Simão Mate. "Data on dendrometric parameters, basic wood density, below- and aboveground biomass of tree species from Mangrove, Miombo, Mopane, and Mecrusse woodlands." Data in Brief 29 (April 2020): 105154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2020.105154.

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Fenton, M. Brock, and I. L. Rautenbach. "A comparison of the roosting and foraging behaviour of three species of African insectivorous bats (Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae, and Molossidae)." Canadian Journal of Zoology 64, no. 12 (December 1, 1986): 2860–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z86-412.

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We used radio tracking to study the roosting and foraging behaviour of Rhinolophus hildebrandti, Scotophilus borbonicus (=S. viridis and S. leucogaster), and Tadarida midas in the Pafuri Region of Kruger National Park, South Africa in November 1985. Although the species roosted in different locations (S. borbonicus in hollow mopane trees, R. hildebrandti in a hollow baobab tree, and T. midas in buildings), roost temperatures and the bats' body temperatures were generally similar. The S. borbonicus and T. midas flew continuously while foraging in pursuit of flying prey; the R. hildebrandti switched between continuous flight, and hunting from a perch also in pursuit of flying prey. All three species foraged for about 60 min nightly, but the T. midas ventured at least 10 km from their roosts, while for S. borbonicus and R. hildebrandti, comparable figures were 4 and 2 km, respectively. The three species showed a spectrum of wing morphology and echolocation call design features from clutter resistant (R. hildebrandti) to relatively clutter resistant (S. borbonicus) and clutter intolerant (T. midas) and the foraging areas used by the bats corresponded to these features. Rhinolophus hildebrandti foraged below the canopy in riverine forest and deciduous woodland, while S. borbonicus foraged around the canopy but not closer than 0.5 m to it, while T. midas foraged in the open well above the canopy. These differences are discussed along with variations in foraging behaviour in insectivorous bats.

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Svinurai, Walter, Abubeker Hassen, Eyob Tesfamariam, and Abel Ramoelo. "Performance of ratio-based, soil-adjusted and atmospherically corrected multispectral vegetation indices in predicting herbaceous aboveground biomass in a Colophospermum mopane tree-shrub savanna." Grass and Forage Science 73, no. 3 (June 21, 2018): 727–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gfs.12367.

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31

MZUMARA, TIWONGE I., ROWAN O. MARTIN, HEMANT TRIPATHI, CHAONA PHIRI, and ARJUN AMAR. "Distribution of a habitat specialist: Mopane woodland structure determines occurrence of Near Threatened Lilian’s Lovebird Agapornis lilianae." Bird Conservation International 29, no. 03 (April 29, 2019): 413–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0959270918000370.

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SummaryThe near-threatened Lilian’s Lovebird Agapornis lilianae is a small parrot endemic to the Zambezi basin in south-east Africa. The species has a fragmented distribution predominantly within mopane woodlands and is widely referred to as a mopane specialist. The harvesting of mopane trees for charcoal production and timber are having widespread impacts on this woodland habitat, raising concerns over its capacity to support biodiversity. This study aimed to understand the key drivers determining the occurrence of Lilian’s Lovebird in the mopane woodlands of Zambia, focusing particularly on aspects of woodland structure, including the size and density of trees. We used a MaxEnt species distribution model based on historical species occurrence data, to inform selection of 116 survey plots in the Luangwa, Luano and Zambezi valleys. Each plot was sampled for Lilian’s Lovebirds and woodland structure described. Occurrence of Lilian’s Lovebird was found to be positively associated with the size of mopane trees (both height and diameter at breast height) suggesting that large ‘cathedral’ mopane trees provide a key resource for the species and that conservation efforts should focus on the protection of sites containing large trees. No Lilian’s Lovebirds were recorded in areas where they previously occurred to the west of Lower Zambezi National Park, and there was an absence of ‘cathedral’ mopane habitat in this area.

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Ben-Shahar, Raphael. "Do elephants over-utilize mopane woodlands in northern Botswana?" Journal of Tropical Ecology 12, no. 4 (July 1996): 505–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467400009731.

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ABSTRACTEvidence from southern African semi-arid savannas suggests that high elephant densities in nature reserves cause the over-utilization of woodlands. Northern Botswana, with its prolific elephant population, is expected to follow such a pattern unless the densities of elephants which could be sustained by indigenous woodlands are determined and maintained at carrying capacity. Above ground biomass production was estimated for mopane (Colophospermum mopane) woodlands, a principal food source for elephants, which grows over much of northern Botswana. Densities of trees and shrubs, dimensions of plants and elephant densities were recorded within stratified plots situated according to a regional rainfall gradient. Mean estimates of above ground biomass (foliage and twigs) were 9.41 and 7.83 t ha−1 for shrubs and trees respectively. A logistic model described the maximum levels of biomass removal from plants before over-utilization of mopane occurred. Variables incorporated in the model included above ground biomass of mopane shrubs and trees, growth rates of plants and expected off-take by elephants. The model predicted a complete biomass regain within 10 y if no elephant browsing occurs. Intensive elephant browsing in woodlands containing 15 elephants km−2, however, can suppress biomass production if growth rates of plants fall below 70% of the maximum annual rate. Nonetheless, there was no substantial evidence to suggest that elephants will reduce the biomass of mopane woodlands in northern Botswana below a sustainable level if their numbers are allowed to increase considerably beyond the current estimate.

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Mitchell, Peter. "Under the Mopane Tree: Holocene Settlement in Northern Namibia. By R. Vogelsang & B. Eichhorn. Africa Praehistorica 24. Heinrich-Barth-Institut, Köln, 2011, 220 pp. ISBN 978-3-927688-37-7. € 38.00 (Hardcover)." Journal of African Archaeology 10, no. 1 (October 25, 2012): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3213/2191-5784-10207.

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AKPALU, WISDOM, EDWIN MUCHAPONDWA, and PRECIOUS ZIKHALI. "Can the restrictive harvest period policy conserve mopane worms in southern Africa? A bioeconomic modelling approach." Environment and Development Economics 14, no. 5 (October 2009): 587–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x0900518x.

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ABSTRACTThe mopane worm, which is the caterpillar form of the Saturnid moth Imbrasia belina Westwood, is – like other edible insects and caterpillars – a vital source of protein in southern African countries. The worms live and graze on mopane trees, which have alternative uses. With increasing commercialization of the worm, its management, which was hitherto organized as a common property resource, has been degraded to almost open access. This paper uses a bioeconomic modelling approach to show that for some optimal allocation of the mopane forest stock, the restrictive harvest period policy advocated by community leaders may not lead to sustainable harvesting of the worm.

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Wessels, DCJ, C. van der Waal, and WF de Boer. "Induced chemical defences in Colophospermum mopane trees." African Journal of Range & Forage Science 24, no. 3 (October 2007): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2989/ajrfs.2007.24.3.4.297.

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Madibela, O. R., O. Seitshiro ., and M. E. Mochankana . "Deactivation Effects of Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) on in vitro Dry Matter Digestibility of Colophospermum mopane (Mophane) and Acacia Browse Trees in Botswana." Pakistan Journal of Nutrition 5, no. 4 (June 15, 2006): 343–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/pjn.2006.343.347.

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Selaledi, Fatima. "An Ethical Investigation into the Impact of Mophane Worm Depletion on the Environment in the North-Eastern Part of Botswana: A Case Study of Gungwe and Mbalambi Villages." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 105–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.372.

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Mophane worm is a name given to caterpillars hosted by the Mophane tree. The mophane worm is harvested as food supplement in most of the Southern African countries. For the past few years, there have been some reports indicating that the worm has disappeared in some parts of Botswana. Hence, the aim of this research study has been to investigate from an ethical perspective the impact of mophane worm depletion on the environment. A qualitative approach was used in this study and data was collected from the following target groups of people: villagers, headmen of the stated two villages and the Ministry of Environment, Wildlife and Tourism (MEWT) officers both at local and national level. The theoretical framework involved traditional theories (i.e., Value Theory and Utilitarianism) and environmental ethical theories (i.e., Social Ecology, Environmental and Intergenerational Justice). The research instruments employed were individual interview schedules, focus group discussions and observation. A fourfold model of analysis was used focusing on the biological, economical, social and political dimensions. From the findings of the study, it emerged that both natural and anthropogenic factors contributed to mophane worm depletion. The natural factors were drought and predation while the anthropogenic factors included massive usage of the host tree, destructive methods of harvesting and demand for more land for agricultural and residential purposes. It also emerged that mophane worm depletion had both negative and positive impacts on the environment. These included lack of money by the local people to buy their daily needs, lack of relish and poor livelihoods, loss of wildlife that fed on mophane worm and tension between government and local people over the regulation of the resource. Ethical evaluation revealed that the dominant value for the local people was utility value to the almost total lack of explicit awareness of intrinsic and inherent value, and that on utilitarian grounds, the overall evil that depletion of the mophane worm brought about outweighed its overall good effects. With regard to justice issues, the findings revealed that unjust social structures and injustices resulting from the unequal distribution of benefits and burdens as well as from the lack of adequate participation by the local communities in decision-making had a greater negative than positive impact. Finally, recommendations were made emphasising the utmost importance of government intervention to mitigate, if not, stop the depletion of the mophane worm.

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Styles, C. V., and J. D. Skinner. "The influence of large mammalian herbivores on growth form and utilization of mopane trees, Colophospermum mopane , in Botswana’s Northern Tuli Game Reserve." African Journal of Ecology 38, no. 2 (June 2000): 95–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2000.00216.x.

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Veenendaal, E. M., K. B. Mantlana, N. W. Pammenter, P. Weber, P. Huntsman-Mapila, and J. Lloyd. "Growth form and seasonal variation in leaf gas exchange of Colophospermum mopane savanna trees in northwest Botswana." Tree Physiology 28, no. 3 (March 1, 2008): 417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/treephys/28.3.417.

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Basset, Charlie, Véronique Eparvier, and Laila S. Espindola. "The Search for Antifungals from Amazonian Trees: A Bio-Inspired Screening." Natural Product Communications 10, no. 4 (April 2015): 1934578X1501000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1501000417.

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The anti-fungal activity of 60 extracts from 15 tree species in the French Guiana rainforest against human and wood-rotting fungi was studied. In this way (+)-mopanol (1) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Peltogyne sp. (Caesalpiniaceae) wood. This work demonstrated that (1) the natural durability of wood can indeed guide the search for antifungal agents, (2) that extracts selected in this bio-inspired process exhibit a broad spectrum of antifungal activity and (3) that the method allows for the isolation of strongly active antifungals.

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Steinberg, Michael K. "The Globalization of a Ceremonial Tree: The Case of Cacao (THEOBROMA CACAO) among the Mopan Maya1." Economic Botany 56, no. 1 (January 2002): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1663/0013-0001(2002)056[0058:tgoact]2.0.co;2.

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42

Woollen, Emily, Casey M. Ryan, Sophia Baumert, Frank Vollmer, Isla Grundy, Janet Fisher, Jone Fernando, Ana Luz, Natasha Ribeiro, and Sá N. Lisboa. "Charcoal production in the Mopane woodlands of Mozambique: what are the trade-offs with other ecosystem services?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1703 (September 19, 2016): 20150315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0315.

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African woodlands form a major part of the tropical grassy biome and support the livelihoods of millions of rural and urban people. Charcoal production in particular is a major economic activity, but its impact on other ecosystem services is little studied. To address this, our study collected biophysical and social datasets, which were combined in ecological production functions, to assess ecosystem service provision and its change under different charcoal production scenarios in Gaza Province, southern Mozambique. We found that villages with longer histories of charcoal production had experienced declines in wood suitable for charcoal, firewood and construction, and tended to have lower perceived availabilities of these services. Scenarios of future charcoal impacts indicated that firewood and woody construction services were likely to trade-off with charcoal production. However, even under the most extreme charcoal scenario, these services were not completely lost. Other provisioning services, such as wild food, medicinal plants and grass, were largely unaffected by charcoal production. To reduce the future impacts of charcoal production, producers must avoid increased intensification of charcoal extraction by avoiding the expansion of species and sizes of trees used for charcoal production. This is a major challenge to land managers and policymakers in the area. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tropical grassy biomes: linking ecology, human use and conservation’.

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Ryan, Casey M., Rose Pritchard, Iain McNicol, Matthew Owen, Janet A. Fisher, and Caroline Lehmann. "Ecosystem services from southern African woodlands and their future under global change." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 371, no. 1703 (September 19, 2016): 20150312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2015.0312.

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Miombo and mopane woodlands are the dominant land cover in southern Africa. Ecosystem services from these woodlands support the livelihoods of 100 M rural people and 50 M urban dwellers, and others beyond the region. Provisioning services contribute $9 ± 2 billion yr −1 to rural livelihoods; 76% of energy used in the region is derived from woodlands; and traded woodfuels have an annual value of $780 M. Woodlands support much of the region's agriculture through transfers of nutrients to fields and shifting cultivation. Woodlands store 18–24 PgC carbon, and harbour a unique and diverse flora and fauna that provides spiritual succour and attracts tourists. Longstanding processes that will impact service provision are the expansion of croplands (0.1 M km 2 ; 2000–2014), harvesting of woodfuels (93 M tonnes yr −1 ) and changing access arrangements. Novel, exogenous changes include large-scale land acquisitions (0.07 M km 2 ; 2000–2015), climate change and rising CO 2 . The net ecological response to these changes is poorly constrained, as they act in different directions, and differentially on trees and grasses, leading to uncertainty in future service provision. Land-use change and socio-political dynamics are likely to be dominant forces of change in the short term, but important land-use dynamics remain unquantified. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Tropical grassy biomes: linking ecology, human use and conservation’.

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Maquia, Ivete Sandra, Paula Fareleira, Isabel Videira e Castro, Denise R. A. Brito, Ricardo Soares, Aniceto Chaúque, M. Manuela Ferreira-Pinto, et al. "Mining the Microbiome of Key Species from African Savanna Woodlands: Potential for Soil Health Improvement and Plant Growth Promotion." Microorganisms 8, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 1291. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8091291.

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(1) Aims: Assessing bacterial diversity and plant-growth-promoting functions in the rhizosphere of the native African trees Colophospermum mopane and Combretum apiculatum in three landscapes of the Limpopo National Park (Mozambique), subjected to two fire regimes. (2) Methods: Bacterial communities were identified through Illumina Miseq sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene amplicons, followed by culture dependent methods to isolate plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB). Plant growth-promoting traits of the cultivable bacterial fraction were further analyzed. To screen for the presence of nitrogen-fixing bacteria, the promiscuous tropical legume Vigna unguiculata was used as a trap host. The taxonomy of all purified isolates was genetically verified by 16S rRNA gene Sanger sequencing. (3) Results: Bacterial community results indicated that fire did not drive major changes in bacterial abundance. However, culture-dependent methods allowed the differentiation of bacterial communities between the sampled sites, which were particularly enriched in Proteobacteria with a wide range of plant-beneficial traits, such as plant protection, plant nutrition, and plant growth. Bradyrhizobium was the most frequent symbiotic bacteria trapped in cowpea nodules coexisting with other endophytic bacteria. (4) Conclusion: Although the global analysis did not show significant differences between landscapes or sites with different fire regimes, probably due to the fast recovery of bacterial communities, the isolation of PGPB suggests that the rhizosphere bacteria are driven by the plant species, soil type, and fire regime, and are potentially associated with a wide range of agricultural, environmental, and industrial applications. Thus, the rhizosphere of African savannah ecosystems seems to be an untapped source of bacterial species and strains that should be further exploited for bio-based solutions.

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Fraser, S. W., T. H. Van Rooyen, and E. Verster. "Soil-plant Relationships in the Central Kruger National Park." Koedoe 30, no. 1 (October 24, 1987). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v30i1.499.

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There is a significant relationship between the tree communities and the soils in the Mooiplaas- Mahlangeni region of the central Kruger National Park. Shrub savanna dominated by Colophospermum mopane (mopane) as a multiplestemmed shrub occurs on all the fine-textured soils derived from basic rocks i.e. basalts, diabase and olivine gabbro. Mixed savanna woodlands dominated by either mopane or Combretum apiculatum (red bushwillow) occur on the coarse-textured soils derived from granitic gneiss. The red bushwillow is dominant on the more shallow soils. Mopane occurs in very dense stands as either stunted trees or as single-stemmed shrubs on most duplex soils. Relatively low-lying areas with saline soils are treeless. Terminalia sericea (silver cluster- leaf) is characteristic of deeper coarse-textured and somewhat poorly drained soils.

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Pienaar, D. J., J. Du P. Bothma, and G. K. Theron. "Landscape preference of the white rhinoceros in the central and northern Kruger National Park." Koedoe 36, no. 1 (September 24, 1993). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/koedoe.v36i1.364.

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The long-term landscape preferences of the white rhinoceros for 32 different landscapes in the central and northern Kruger National Park are investigated. A preference index and a chi-square test are used to ascertain if white rhinoceroses prefer or avoid a particular landscape as habitat. Landscapes 13 (Karoo Sediment Plains with Acacia welwitschii Tree Savanna) and 11 (Slightly Undulating Granitoid Plains with Colophospermum mopane Bush Savanna), are the most preferred landscapes. Landscapes 23 (Basaltic Plains with Colophospermum mopane Shrub Savanna), 25 (Moderately Undulating Gabbroic Plains with Colophospermum mopane Shrub Savanna), 26 (Irregular Calsitic Plains with Colophospermum mopane Shrub Savanna), 28 (Alluvial Plains with Acacia albida Tree Savanna), 32 (Recent Sandy Plains with Baphia massaiensis Bush Savanna) and 33 (Slightly Undulating Andesitic Plains with Comhretum collinum Shrub Savanna) appear to be avoided. Characterestics of the preferred landscapes are: moderate to dense grass cover with good quality grasses; open to moderate low-shrub (<2 m) stratum; a moderate tree stratum; an undulating topography with uplands, bottomlands and watercourses; sandy soils with few stones and rocks on the soil surface; permanent water sources.

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Makhado, Rudzani A., Isaac Mapaure, Martin J. Potgieter, Wilmien J. Luus-Powell, and Amani T. Saidi. "Factors influencing the adaptation and distribution of Colophospermum mopane in southern Africa’s mopane savannas – A review." Bothalia 44, no. 1 (November 12, 2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/abc.v44i1.152.

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Colophospermum mopane is the dominant tree or shrub within mopane woodland in the subtropical areas of southern Africa’s savanna ecosystems. This article provided a review on the adaptation capabilities of mopane against fire, browsing activity and environmental stresses. It further reviewed and tested the extent to which rainfall, temperature, altitude and soil types had an effect on the distribution of mopane in southern Africa. Mopane is adapted to survive moisture stresses, low nutrient environments and even disturbances caused by fire and browsing by large herbivores through its physical, physiological and chemical responses. Adaptation of mopane to various stresses enables it to dominate the low-lying areas of southern Africa’s savannas. The distribution of mopane is best associated with low to moderate rainfall (R2 = 0.38), high temperature (R2 = 0.42), low altitudes (R2 = 0.44) and a variety of soil types. An increase in the annual rainfall ( 800 mm) and altitude ( 800 m.a.s.l.), coupled with a reduction in the minimum temperature and acidic soil, limits the distribution of mopane. Mopane in South Africa occurs under similar environmental conditions to those in Zimbabwe and Zambia, but quite different from those in Angola, Namibia, Mozambique, Malawi and Botswana where mopane occurs.

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Soni, M. L., N. D. Yadava, Seema Bhardwaj, Birbal ., N. S. Nathawat, and V. S. Rathore. "Effect of different tree leaf litters on yield and nutrient uptake of clusterbean-oat rotation in arid region of Rajasthan." Bhartiya Krishi Anusandhan Patrika 33, no. 01 (June 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/bkap90.

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The study was conducted at ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Bikaner to study the effect of tree leaf litters on yield and nutrient uptake of clusterbean-oat rotation during 2010-11 and 2011-2012. Leaf litters of seven tree species viz. Mopane: Colophospermum mopane, Gum acacia: (Acacia senegal) , Umbrella tree: (Acacia tortilis) , Indian rosewood: (Dalbergia sissoo), Sour lime: (Citrus aurantifolia), Assyrian plum: (Cordia myxa) and Bengal quince: (Aegle marmeloswere) applied in microplots of 2 x 2 meter @ 2.5 t/ha. Chemical fertilizers were used as per recommendations of individual crop. The result showed that maximum grain yield of clusterbean was obtained with the application of leaf litter treatments of Citrus aurantifolia. The increase in grain yield was in the order of leaf litter treatments of Citrus aurantifolia, Dalbergia sissoo and Aegle marmelos, respectively. The residual effect of leaf litters of Citrus aurantifolia, Dalbergia sissoo and Aegle marmelos increased the grain yield of oat by 13.3-16.0 percentage in 2010-11 and 14.8-16.1 percentage in 2011-12, respectively. There was no significant effect of leaf litters of Cordia myxa and Acacia senegal on grain yield of clusterbean and oat. Litter addition had significant effect on nutrient uptake also. The mean uptake of nutrients was significantly higher in Citrus aurantifolia, Dalbergia sissoo and Aegle marmelos treatments as compared to control. The two years average data showed that the total uptake of N in clusterbean increased from 21.3 kg/ha in control to 32.2, 28.5 and 30.8 kg/ha in Citrus aurantifolia, Dalbergia sissoo and Aegle marmelos treatments, respectively. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake was non-significant in the treatments Colophospermum mopane, Cordia myxa, Acacia tortilis and Acacia senegal

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Gondo, Tendayi, Agnes Musyoki, and Aina T. Adeboyejo. "Ecohydrological threats to Colophospermum mopane in southern Zimbabwe." Jàmbá: Journal of Disaster Risk Studies 11, no. 2 (July 2, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jamba.v11i2.714.

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Rapid ecohydrological changes in semi-arid landscapes are increasingly threatening humanity’s life-support systems and eroding many of the ecosystem services (ESs) upon which humans occupying such regions depend. Knowing which services and ecohydrological changes to be most concerned about is indispensable to maintaining the general health of such ecosystems and for developing effective ecosystem management practices. In the semi-arid regions of southwestern Zimbabwe where a large population of rural households depend on ESs extracted from the Colophospermum mopane tree, such understanding may be critical in reversing potential ES losses that may have catastrophic effects on the lives of many. We surveyed a total of 127 rural households who occupy the semi-arid landscapes of the Colophospermum mopane belt in southern Zimbabwe. We assessed the ecohydrological conditions characterising ecosystems where they obtain ES provisioning goods using a number of ecohydrological variables commonly cited in the literature on ecohydrology. Building on principal component analysis (PCA), we employed a hierarchical agglomerative clustering method to create unique clusters of households that depicted different levels of risks or threats associated with their ES provisioning harvesting practices. Multiple regression analysis was further performed to identify significant ecohydrological cluster-defining variables. Our results showed that spatial differences in ecohydrological parameters resulted in four distinct ES resource thresholds depicting four categories of risks that households face in extracting such resources in nearby landscapes. We concluded by proposing a number of landscape restoration or management practices targeted at reversing potential ES losses and subsequently safeguarding the livelihoods of many who depend on ESs.

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"Observations of tree growth, woodland structure and elephant damage on Colophospermum mopane in Luangwa Valley, Zambia." Biological Conservation 63, no. 3 (1993): 279. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(93)90791-x.

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