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Journal articles on the topic 'Moraine-dammed lakes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 18 February 2022

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1

Cook, S. J., and D. J. Quincey. "Estimating the volume of Alpine glacial lakes." Earth Surface Dynamics 3, no. 4 (2015): 559–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-559-2015.

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Abstract. Supraglacial, moraine-dammed and ice-dammed lakes represent a potential glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) threat to downstream communities in many mountain regions. This has motivated the development of empirical relationships to predict lake volume given a measurement of lake surface area obtained from satellite imagery. Such relationships are based on the notion that lake depth, area and volume scale predictably. We critically evaluate the performance of these existing empirical relationships by examining a global database of glacial lake depths, areas and volumes. Results show th

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2

Cook, S. J., and D. J. Quincey. "Estimating the volume of Alpine glacial lakes." Earth Surface Dynamics Discussions 3, no. 3 (2015): 909–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurfd-3-909-2015.

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Abstract. Supraglacial, moraine-dammed and ice-dammed lakes represent a potential glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) threat to downstream communities in many mountain regions. This has motivated the development of empirical relationships to predict lake volume given a measurement of lake surface area obtained from satellite imagery. Such relationships are based on the notion that lake depth, area and volume scale predictably. We critically evaluate the performance of these existing empirical relationships by examining a global database of measured glacial lake depths, areas and volumes. Result

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3

Bajracharya, Samjwal Ratna, and Pradeep Mool. "Glaciers, glacial lakes and glacial lake outburst floods in the Mount Everest region, Nepal." Annals of Glaciology 50, no. 53 (2009): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756410790595895.

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AbstractRecent climate changes have had a significant impact on the high-mountain glacial environment. Rapid melting of glaciers has resulted in the formation and expansion of moraine-dammed lakes, creating a potential danger from glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Most lakes have formed during the second half of the 20th century. Glaciers in the Mount Everest (Sagamartha) region, Nepal, are retreating at an average rate of 10–59 ma–1. From 1976 to 2000, Lumding and Imja Glaciers retreated 42 and 34 ma–1, respectively, a rate that increased to 74 ma–1 for both glaciers from 2000 to 2007. Du

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4

Li, Da, Donghui Shangguan, and Muhammad Naveed Anjum. "Glacial Lake Inventory Derived from Landsat 8 OLI in 2016–2018 in China–Pakistan Economic Corridor." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, no. 5 (2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9050294.

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The China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a key hub for trade, is susceptible to glacial lake outburst floods. The distributions and types of glacial lakes in the CPEC are not well documented. In this study, cloud-free imagery acquired using the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager during 2016–2018 was used to delineate the extent of glacial lakes in the mountainous terrain of the CPEC. In the study domain, 1341 glacial lakes (size ≥ 0.01 km2) with a total area of 109.76 ± 9.82 km2 were delineated through the normalized difference water index threshold method, slope analysis, and a manual rect

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5

Xu, Weng Ming, Gang Cheng Wang, and Chong Liu. "A Method Based on Neural Network for Risk Prediction of the Typical Moraine-Dammed Lake Outburst in the Himalayan Region." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1799–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1799.

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In this research, based on neural network, thirty typical moraine-dammed lakes were selected as the training set. In accordance with the rules defined, ten evaluation indexes were made dimensionless and used to train the model. Then the research could get the applicable model that evaluated the probabilities of moraine-dammed lake outburst in the Himalayas region of Tibet, China. Then the probability of outburst was predicted for the Laqu Lake based on the developed model, and the predictive value was 0.538. In terms of risk level standards divided, the Laqu Lake was high-risk, which is consis

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6

Westoby, M. J., N. F. Glasser, J. Brasington, M. J. Hambrey, D. J. Quincey, and J. M. Reynolds. "Modelling outburst floods from moraine-dammed glacial lakes." Earth-Science Reviews 134 (July 2014): 137–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2014.03.009.

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7

Benn, D. I., S. Wiseman, and K. A. Hands. "Growth and drainage of supraglacial lakes on debris-mantled Ngozumpa Glacier, Khumbu Himal, Nepal." Journal of Glaciology 47, no. 159 (2001): 626–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756501781831729.

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AbstractAblation of debris-mantled glaciers in Nepal has resulted in the formation of several potentially unstable moraine-dammed lakes, some of which constitute serious hazards. Ngozumpa Glacier, Khumbu Himal, has undergone significant downwasting in recent decades, and is believed to lie close to the threshold for moraine-dammed lake formation. The debris-mantled ablation area of the glacier is studded with numerous supraglacial lakes, the majority of which occupy closed basins with no perennial connections to the englacial drainage system (“perched lakes”). Perched lakes can undergo rapid g

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8

Yongjian, Ding, and Liu Jingshi. "Glacier lake outburst flood disasters in China." Annals of Glaciology 16 (1992): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1992aog16-1-180-184.

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Floods caused by outbursts from lakes dammed either by end moraines or by glaciers are the most important disasters related to glaciers in China. The former occur mainly in Tibet, and the latter in Xinjiang Province. Exceptionally large outbursts from lakes dammed by end moraines have been reported 19 times since 1935 amd 30 outbursts from glacier-dammed lakes have been recorded since 1956. Outbursts from lakes dammed by end moraines are closely associated with ice avalanches, and 79% of all dam failures occur during July to August when ice avalanches are frequent. Outbursts from glacier-damme

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9

Yongjian, Ding, and Liu Jingshi. "Glacier lake outburst flood disasters in China." Annals of Glaciology 16 (1992): 180–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500005036.

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Floods caused by outbursts from lakes dammed either by end moraines or by glaciers are the most important disasters related to glaciers in China. The former occur mainly in Tibet, and the latter in Xinjiang Province. Exceptionally large outbursts from lakes dammed by end moraines have been reported 19 times since 1935 amd 30 outbursts from glacier-dammed lakes have been recorded since 1956. Outbursts from lakes dammed by end moraines are closely associated with ice avalanches, and 79% of all dam failures occur during July to August when ice avalanches are frequent. Outbursts from glacier-damme

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10

Iribarren Anacona, P., K. P. Norton, and A. Mackintosh. "Moraine-dammed lake failures in Patagonia and assessment of outburst susceptibility in the Baker Basin." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 12 (2014): 3243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-3243-2014.

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Abstract. Glacier retreat since the Little Ice Age has resulted in the development or expansion of hundreds of glacial lakes in Patagonia. Some of these lakes have produced large (≥ 106 m3) Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) damaging inhabited areas. GLOF hazard studies in Patagonia have been mainly based on the analysis of short-term series (≤ 50 years) of flood data and until now no attempt has been made to identify the relative susceptibility of lakes to failure. Power schemes and associated infrastructure are planned for Patagonian basins that have historically been affected by GLOFs, an

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11

Iribarren Anacona, P., K. P. Norton, and A. Mackintosh. "Moraine-dammed lake failures in Patagonia and assessment of outburst susceptibility in the Baker Basin." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 2, no. 7 (2014): 4765–812. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-2-4765-2014.

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Abstract. Glacier retreat since the Little Ice Age has resulted in the development or expansion of hundreds of glacial lakes in Patagonia. Some of these lakes have produced large (≥106 m3) Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs) damaging inhabited areas. GLOF hazard studies in Patagonia have been mainly based on the analysis of short-term series (≤50 years) of flood data and until now no attempt has been made to identify the relative susceptibility of lakes to failure. Power schemes and associated infrastructure are planned for Patagonian basins that have historically been affected by GLOFs, and

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12

Wang, X., S. Liu, Y. Ding, et al. "An approach for estimating the breach probabilities of moraine-dammed lakes in the Chinese Himalayas using remote-sensing data." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 12, no. 10 (2012): 3109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-12-3109-2012.

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Abstract. To make first-order estimates of the probability of moraine-dammed lake outburst flood (MDLOF) and prioritize the probabilities of breaching posed by potentially dangerous moraine-dammed lakes (PDMDLs) in the Chinese Himalayas, an objective approach is presented. We first select five indicators to identify PDMDLs according to four predesigned criteria. The climatic background was regarded as the climatic precondition of the moraine-dam failure, and under different climatic preconditions, we distinguish the trigger mechanisms of MDLOFs and subdivide them into 17 possible breach modes,

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13

Wang, Weicai, Tandong Yao, and Xiaoxin Yang. "Variations of glacial lakes and glaciers in the Boshula mountain range, southeast Tibet, from the 1970s to 2009." Annals of Glaciology 52, no. 58 (2011): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756411797252347.

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AbstarctCatastrophic floods originating from glacial lake outbursts have recently become one of the primary natural hazards in the southeastern Tibetan Plateau. Here we report observations of glacial lake expansions and glacier recessions in the Boshula mountain range, southeast Tibet, derived from multitemporal remote-sensing images and digital elevation models during the period from the 1970s to 2009. The area of glacial lakes has expanded from 10.96 ± 0.1 km2 in the 1970s to 10.96±0.1km2 in 2009. Specifically, the area of moraine-dammed lakes has increased by 26.8%. From the 1970s to 2009,

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14

Fischer, Melanie, Oliver Korup, Georg Veh, and Ariane Walz. "Controls of outbursts of moraine-dammed lakes in the greater Himalayan region." Cryosphere 15, no. 8 (2021): 4145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-15-4145-2021.

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Abstract. Glacial lakes in the Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalayas–Nyainqentanglha (HKKHN) region have grown rapidly in number and area in past decades, and some dozens have drained in catastrophic glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs). Estimating regional susceptibility of glacial lakes has largely relied on qualitative assessments by experts, thus motivating a more systematic and quantitative appraisal. Before the backdrop of current climate-change projections and the potential of elevation-dependent warming, an objective and regionally consistent assessment is urgently needed. We use an inventory

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15

Shijin, Wang, Qin Dahe, and Xiao Cunde. "Moraine-dammed lake distribution and outburst flood risk in the Chinese Himalaya." Journal of Glaciology 61, no. 225 (2015): 115–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2015jog14j097.

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AbstractTo better understand the risk of disasters due to glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs), we synthetically analyze the spatial distribution and evolution of moraine-dammed lakes and potentially dangerous glacial lakes (PDGLs) in the Chinese Himalaya. Our county-based assessment of GLOF disaster risk combines PDGL outburst hazard, regional exposure, vulnerability of exposed elements and adaptation capability (risk management) using the analytic hierarchy process. We synthetically analyze the disaster risk using the weighted comprehensive method. Remote-sensing data show there are 329 mora

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16

Emmer, Adam, and Vojtěch Cuřín. "Can a dam type of an alpine lake be derived from lake geometry? A negative result." Journal of Mountain Science 18, no. 3 (2021): 614–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-020-6003-9.

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AbstractGlacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) represent one of the most serious hazard and risk in deglaciating high mountain regions worldwide and the need for GLOF hazard and risk assessment is apparent. As a consequence, numerous region- and nation-wide GLOF assessment studies have been published recently. These studies cover large areas and consider hundreds to thousands of lakes, prioritizing the hazard posed by them. Clearly, certain simplification is required for executing such studies, often resulting in neglecting qualitative characteristics which would need manual assignment. Differen

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17

Thompson, Sarah, Bernd Kulessa, and Adrian Luckman. "Integrated electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and self-potential (SP) techniques for assessing hydrological processes within glacial lake moraine dams." Journal of Glaciology 58, no. 211 (2012): 849–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j235.

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AbstractMoraine dams can be inherently unstable, but effective assessment strategies remain poorly identified. We integrate electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) with electrical self-potential (SP) and lake-level measurements to investigate the structure of, and hydrological processes within, a moraine-dam complex adjacent to Miage glacier, Italy. This complex separates two meltwater lakes characterized by an efficient subterranean hydraulic connection. Our ERT data reveal a continuous free surface within the complex, whose morphology reflects the topography of the moraine complex akin to un

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18

Yao, Xiaojun, Shiyin Liu, Meiping Sun, Junfeng Wei, and Wanqin Guo. "Volume calculation and analysis of the changes in moraine-dammed lakes in the north Himalaya: a case study of Longbasaba lake." Journal of Glaciology 58, no. 210 (2012): 753–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/2012jog11j048.

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AbstractGlacial lake outburst flood hazards in the Himalayan region have received considerable attention in recent years. Accurate volume estimation for glacial lakes is important for calculating outburst flood peak discharge and simulating flood evolution. Longbasaba lake, a potentially dangerous moraine-dammed lake, is located on the north side of the Himalaya. Its depth was surveyed using the SyQwest Hydrobox™ high-resolution echo sounder, and 6916 measurements were collected in September 2009. The maximum and average depths of the lake were 102 ± 2 and 48 ± 2 m, respectively. The morpholog

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19

Emmer, Adam. "Geomorphologically effective floods from moraine-dammed lakes in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru." Quaternary Science Reviews 177 (December 2017): 220–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2017.10.028.

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20

Clague, J. "A review of catastrophic drainage of moraine-dammed lakes in British Columbia." Quaternary Science Reviews 19, no. 17-18 (2000): 1763–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0277-3791(00)00090-1.

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21

Emmer, A., and V. Vilímek. "Review Article: Lake and breach hazard assessment for moraine-dammed lakes: an example from the Cordillera Blanca (Peru)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 13, no. 6 (2013): 1551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-13-1551-2013.

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Abstract. Glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) and related debris flows represent a significant threat in high mountainous areas across the globe. It is necessary to quantify this threat so as to mitigate their catastrophic effects. Complete GLOF hazard assessment incorporates two phases: the probability of water release from a given glacial lake is estimated through lake and breach hazard assessment while the endangered areas are identified during downstream hazard assessment. This paper outlines a number of methods of lake and breach hazard assessment, which can be grouped into three categor

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22

Haeberli, Wilfried, Andreas Kääb, Daniel Vonder Mühll, and Philip Teysseire. "Prevention of outburst floods from periglacial lakes at Grubengletscher, Valais, Swiss Alps." Journal of Glaciology 47, no. 156 (2001): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756501781832575.

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AbstractFlood and debris-flow hazards at Grubengletscher near Saas Balen in the Saas Valley, Valais, Swiss Alps, result from the formation and growth of several lakes at the glacier margin and within the surrounding permafrost. In order to prevent damage related to such hazards, systematic investigations were carried out and practical measures taken. The evolution of the polythermal glacier, the creeping permafrost within the large adjacent rock glacier and the development of the various periglacial lakes were monitored and documented for the last 25 years by photogrammetric analysis of annual

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23

Knight, Peter G., Richard I. Waller, Carrie J. Patterson, Alison P. Jones, and Zoe P. Robinson. "Glacier advance, ice-marginal lakes and routing of meltwater and sediment: Russell Glacier, Greenland." Journal of Glaciology 46, no. 154 (2000): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756500781833160.

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AbstractThe ice-sheet margin at Russell Glacier, West Greenland, advanced ∼7 m a−1 between 1968 and 1999. As the ice advanced over moraine ridges, small changes in position caused major changes in the routing of proglacial water and sediment. These included changes in the distribution of ice-marginal lakes, in the periodic drainage of ice-dammed lakes, in the routing and sediment content of meltwater draining into the proglacial zone, and in the release of sediment from the moraines by erosion and mass movements. Proglacial hydrology and sediment flux appear to be controlled not simply by glac

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24

Harrison, Stephan, Jeffrey S. Kargel, Christian Huggel, et al. "Climate change and the global pattern of moraine-dammed glacial lake outburst floods." Cryosphere 12, no. 4 (2018): 1195–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1195-2018.

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Abstract. Despite recent research identifying a clear anthropogenic impact on glacier recession, the effect of recent climate change on glacier-related hazards is at present unclear. Here we present the first global spatio-temporal assessment of glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) focusing explicitly on lake drainage following moraine dam failure. These floods occur as mountain glaciers recede and downwaste. GLOFs can have an enormous impact on downstream communities and infrastructure. Our assessment of GLOFs associated with the rapid drainage of moraine-dammed lakes provides insights into t

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25

Rathore, B. P., S. K. Singh, Rupal Brahmbhatt, I. M. Bahuguna, A. S. Rajawat, and Ajai. "Monitoring of Moraine-Dammed Lakes: A Remote Sensing-Based Study in the Western Himalaya." Current Science 109, no. 10 (2015): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/cs/v109/i10/1843-1849.

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26

Zhang, Cong, Yidan Huang, Lingkan Yao, Haixin Zhao, and Iqra Atif. "Prediction of the Maximum Wave Elevation in Moraine-Dammed Lakes during Resonant Earthquake Excitation." Journal of Engineering Mechanics 146, no. 2 (2020): 04019118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)em.1943-7889.0001701.

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27

Rathore, B. P., S. K. Singh, Rupal Brahmbhatt, I. M. Bahuguna, A. S. Rajawat, and Ajai. "Monitoring of Moraine-Dammed Lakes: A Remote Sensing-Based Study in the Western Himalaya." Current Science 109, no. 10 (2015): 1843. http://dx.doi.org/10.18520/v109/i10/1843-1849.

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28

Shijin, Wang, and Jiao Shitai. "Evolution and outburst risk analysis of moraine-dammed lakes in the central Chinese Himalaya." Journal of Earth System Science 124, no. 3 (2015): 567–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12040-015-0559-8.

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29

Bolch, T., M. F. Buchroithner, J. Peters, M. Baessler, and S. Bajracharya. "Identification of glacier motion and potentially dangerous glacial lakes in the Mt. Everest region/Nepal using spaceborne imagery." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 8, no. 6 (2008): 1329–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-8-1329-2008.

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Abstract. Failures of glacial lake dams can cause outburst floods and represents a serious hazard. The potential danger of outburst floods depends on various factors like the lake's area and volume, glacier change, morphometry of the glacier and its surrounding moraines and valley, and glacier velocity. Remote sensing offers an efficient tool for displacement calculations and risk assessment of the identification of potentially dangerous glacial lakes (PDGLs) and is especially helpful for remote mountainous areas. Not all important parameters can, however, be obtained using spaceborne imagery.

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30

Veh, Georg, Oliver Korup, and Ariane Walz. "Hazard from Himalayan glacier lake outburst floods." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 2 (2019): 907–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1914898117.

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Sustained glacier melt in the Himalayas has gradually spawned more than 5,000 glacier lakes that are dammed by potentially unstable moraines. When such dams break, glacier lake outburst floods (GLOFs) can cause catastrophic societal and geomorphic impacts. We present a robust probabilistic estimate of average GLOFs return periods in the Himalayan region, drawing on 5.4 billion simulations. We find that the 100-y outburst flood has an average volume of 33.5+3.7/−3.7 × 106 m3 (posterior mean and 95% highest density interval [HDI]) with a peak discharge of 15,600+2,000/−1,800 m3⋅s−1. Our estimate

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31

CHIKITA, Kazuhisa A. "The expansion mechanism of moraine-dammed glacial lakes in the Himalayas from a hydrodynamic viewpoint." Journal of the Japanese Society of Snow and Ice 67, no. 1 (2005): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.5331/seppyo.67.39.

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32

Prakash, Chander, and R. Nagarajan. "Outburst susceptibility assessment of moraine-dammed lakes in Western Himalaya using an analytic hierarchy process." Earth Surface Processes and Landforms 42, no. 14 (2017): 2306–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.4185.

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33

Randhawa, S. S., R. K. Sood, B. P. Rathore, and A. V. Kulkarni. "Moraine-Dammed Lakes study in the chenab and The Satluj River Basins using IRS data." Journal of the Indian Society of Remote Sensing 33, no. 2 (2005): 285–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02990047.

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34

Banaś, Krzysztof. "Morphology of peatland lakes." Limnological Review 10, no. 1 (2010): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10194-011-0001-9.

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Morphology of peatland lakes The morphometric features of 10 small (0.1-2.9 ha) and shallow (4-16 m) peatland lakes, located in basins filled with peat, were examined. The elongation of such lakes and the development coefficient of their shorelines are very low. The mean depth is close to the maximum value (7.0±4.8 and 7.8±3.9 m, respectively), as the lake bottom is normally flat and the basin walls are often vertical. In terms of morphometric features, the peatland lakes were divided into large (1.92±1.12 ha) and small (0.33±0.33 ha). The former are surrounded by a relatively narrow belt of p

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35

Duan, Hongyu, Xiaojun Yao, Dahong Zhang, Miaomiao Qi, and Juan Liu. "Glacial Lake Changes and Identification of Potentially Dangerous Glacial Lakes in the Yi’ong Zangbo River Basin." Water 12, no. 2 (2020): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020538.

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The southeastern Tibetan Plateau, where monsoonal temperate glaciers are most developed, has a huge number of glacial lakes. Based on Landsat Operational Land Imager (OLI) images, 192 glacial lakes with a total area of 45.73 ± 6.18 km2 in 2016 were delineated in the Yi’ong Zangbo River Basin. Glacial lakes with areas of less than 0.1 km2 accounted for 81.77% of the total number, and glacial lakes located above 4500 m elevation comprised 83.33%. Dramatic glacier melting caused by climate warming has occurred, resulting in the formation and expansion of glacial lakes and the increase of potentia

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36

Westoby, M. J., J. Brasington, N. F. Glasser, et al. "Numerical modelling of glacial lake outburst floods using physically based dam-breach models." Earth Surface Dynamics 3, no. 1 (2015): 171–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-3-171-2015.

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Abstract. The instability of moraine-dammed proglacial lakes creates the potential for catastrophic glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in high-mountain regions. In this research, we use a unique combination of numerical dam-breach and two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling, employed within a generalised likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) framework, to quantify predictive uncertainty in model outputs associated with a reconstruction of the Dig Tsho failure in Nepal. Monte Carlo analysis was used to sample the model parameter space, and morphological descriptors of the moraine breach wer

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37

Smith, Dan J., and Joseph R. Desloges. "Little Ice Age history of Tzeetsaytsul Glacier, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, British Columbia." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 54, no. 2 (2002): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004870ar.

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Abstract This paper describes licheno- metric and dendroglaciological investigations of Little Ice Age (LIA) deposits at Tzeetsaytsul Glacier, Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, British Columbia. The glacier originates from an ice- field on the northeast flank of Tzeetsaytsul Peak and terminates in a moraine-dammed lake. A stream draining the lake has incised the moraine dam and flows through nested moraines into a second lake. Two end moraines near the lower lake record separate advances, with numerous morainic ridges found between the two lakes. A locally calibrated Rhizocarpon geographicum growth

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38

Ashraf, Arshad, Rozina Naz, and Muhammad Bilal Iqbal. "Heterogeneous expansion of end-moraine dammed lakes in the Hindukush-Karakoram-Himalaya ranges of Pakistan during 2001–2013." Journal of Mountain Science 12, no. 5 (2015): 1113–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-014-3245-4.

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39

CHIKITA, Kazuhisa A. "The effect of surrounding topography on the thermal water circulation in moraine-dammed glacial lakes: Imja and Tsho Rolpa Lakes in the Himalayas." Journal of Japanese Association of Hydrological Sciences 37, no. 3 (2007): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4145/jahs.37.93.

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40

Mergili, Martin, Shiva P. Pudasaini, Adam Emmer, Jan-Thomas Fischer, Alejo Cochachin, and Holger Frey. "Reconstruction of the 1941 GLOF process chain at Lake Palcacocha (Cordillera Blanca, Peru)." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 24, no. 1 (2020): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-93-2020.

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Abstract. The Cordillera Blanca in Peru has been the scene of rapid deglaciation for many decades. One of numerous lakes formed in the front of the retreating glaciers is the moraine-dammed Lake Palcacocha, which drained suddenly due to an unknown cause in 1941. The resulting Glacial Lake Outburst Flood (GLOF) led to dam failure and complete drainage of Lake Jircacocha downstream, and to major destruction and thousands of fatalities in the city of Huaráz at a distance of 23 km. We chose an integrated approach to revisit the 1941 event in terms of topographic reconstruction and numerical back-c

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Parent, Michel, and Serge Occhietti. "Late Wisconsinan deglaciation and glacial lake development in the Appalachians of southeastern Québec." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 53, no. 1 (2002): 117–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/004859ar.

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Abstract Late Wisconsinan deglaciation in southeastern Québec was preceded by a northward ice-flow reversal that was recorded in the northeastern part of the region. The reversal event was generated by flow convergence toward the St. Lawrence Ice Stream, a northeastward-flowing ice stream which formed in the St. Lawrence estuary prior to 13 000 years BP and lasted until at least 12 400 years BP. In the Bois-Francs uplands, the flow reversal event led to the formation of a semi-detached ice mass that underwent widespread stagnation and downwasting. In the southwestern region, northward retreat

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McKillop, Robin J., and John J. Clague. "A procedure for making objective preliminary assessments of outburst flood hazard from moraine-dammed lakes in southwestern British Columbia." Natural Hazards 41, no. 1 (2006): 131–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11069-006-9028-7.

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Byers, Alton C., Mohan Bahadur Chand, Jonathan Lala, Milan Shrestha, Elizabeth A. Byers, and Teiji Watanabe. "Reconstructing the History of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, East Nepal: An Interdisciplinary Approach." Sustainability 12, no. 13 (2020): 5407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12135407.

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An interdisciplinary field investigation of historic glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in the Kanchenjunga region of Nepal was conducted between April and May, 2019. Oral history and field measurements suggested that at least six major GLOFs have occurred in the region since 1921. A remote sensing analysis confirmed the occurrence of the six GLOFs mentioned by informants, including two smaller flood events not mentioned that had occurred at some point before 1962. A numerical simulation of the Nangama GLOF suggested that it was triggered by an ice/debris avalanche of some 800,000 m3 of mate

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Iturrizaga, Lasafam. "Glacial and glacially conditioned lake types in the Cordillera Blanca, Peru." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 38, no. 5 (2014): 602–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133314546344.

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The article presents a conceptual approach for the spatiotemporal distribution pattern of principal lake types in the context of the glaciation history in the Cordillera Blanca. The tropical mountain range hosts one of the main concentrations of proglacial lakes in high-mountain settings worldwide, which have formed as a result of the dominant trend of modern glacier retreat. In the 20th century, glacial lake outbursts have severely affected large settlement areas in the Rio Santa Basin. Additionally to the striking newly emerged lakes, geomorphological evidence of paleolakes is found througho

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Zhang, Taigang, Weicai Wang, Tanguang Gao, and Baosheng An. "Simulation and Assessment of Future Glacial Lake Outburst Floods in the Poiqu River Basin, Central Himalayas." Water 13, no. 10 (2021): 1376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13101376.

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A glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is a typical glacier-related hazard in high mountain regions. In recent decades, glacial lakes in the Himalayas have expanded rapidly due to climate warming and glacial retreat. Some of these lakes are unstable, and may suddenly burst under different triggering factors, thus draining large amounts of water and impacting downstream social and economic development. Glacial lakes in the Poiqu River basin, Central Himalayas, have attracted great attention since GLOFs originating there could have a transboundary impact on both China and Nepal, as occurred during

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McKillop, Robin J., and John J. Clague. "Statistical, remote sensing-based approach for estimating the probability of catastrophic drainage from moraine-dammed lakes in southwestern British Columbia." Global and Planetary Change 56, no. 1-2 (2007): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2006.07.004.

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Begam, Sazeda, and Dhrubajyoti Sen. "Mapping of moraine dammed glacial lakes and assessment of their areal changes in the central and eastern Himalayas using satellite data." Journal of Mountain Science 16, no. 1 (2019): 77–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11629-018-5023-1.

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Panda, R., S. K. Padhee, and S. Dutta. "Glof Study in Tawang River Basin, Arunachal Pradesh, India." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 27, 2014): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-101-2014.

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Glacial lake outburst flood (GLOF) is one of the major unexpected hazards in the high mountain regions susceptible to climate change. The Tawang river basin in Arunachal Pradesh is an unexplored region in the Eastern Himalayas, which is impending to produce several upcoming hydro-electric projects (HEP). The main source of the river system is the snow melt in the Eastern Himalayas, which is composed of several lakes located at the snout of the glacier dammed by the lateral or end moraine. These lakes might prove as potential threat to the future scenario as they have a tendency to produce flas

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Huggel, Christian, Andreas Kääb, Wilfried Haeberli, Philippe Teysseire, and Frank Paul. "Remote sensing based assessment of hazards from glacier lake outbursts: a case study in the Swiss Alps." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 39, no. 2 (2002): 316–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t01-099.

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Glacier lakes are a common phenomenon in high mountain areas. Outbursts from glacier lakes have repeatedly caused the loss of human lives as well as severe damage to local infrastructure. In several high mountain ranges around the world, a grave uncertainty about the hazard potential of glacier lakes still exists, especially with respect to the effects of accelerating rates of glacier retreat as a consequence of atmospheric warming. Area-wide detection and modeling of glacier lake hazard potentials is, therefore, a major challenge. In this study, an approach integrating three scale levels allo

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Carrillo, Eduardo, Franck A. Audemard M., Christian Beck, et al. "A Late Pleistocene-Holocene natural seismograph along the Boconó Fault (Mérida Andes, Venezuela): the moraine-dammed Los Zerpa paleo-lake." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 177, no. 1 (2006): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/177.1.3.

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Abstract The Boconó Fault system is a major active tectonic feature accommodating an important part of the dextral relative motion between the Caribbean Plate and northern South-America. The main trace follows an axial valley running SW-NE within the Mérida Andes (northwestern Venezuela), and crosscuts a series of moraines related to late Pleistocene glaciers developments and retreats, at an altitude between 2600 and 5000 m. Several lakes were generated after the last retreat (between the Late Glacial Maximum –LGM– and the Younger Dryas re-advance), dammed by lateral and frontal moraines. Am

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