Academic literature on the topic 'Moral and ethical aspects of Artificial insemination'
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Journal articles on the topic "Moral and ethical aspects of Artificial insemination"
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Andrews, Lori B. "Ethical and Legal Aspects of In-Vitro Fertilization and Artificial Insemination by Donor." Urologic Clinics of North America 14, no. 3 (1987): 633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0094-0143(21)01766-3.
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Quartuccio, Marco, Vito Biondi, Luigi Liotta, and Annamaria Passantino. "Legislative and ethical aspects on use of canine artificial insemination in the 21st century." Italian Journal of Animal Science 19, no. 1 (2020): 630–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1828051x.2020.1775503.
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Wilks, Yorick. "Moral Orthoses: A New Approach to Human and Machine Ethics." AI Magazine 40, no. 1 (2019): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aimag.v40i1.2854.
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I argue that both human and machine actions are more opaque than is generally realized and that the actions of both require explanation that an ethical orthosis might provide as aspects of artificial Companions for both human and machine actors. These explanations might well be closer to ethical accounts based on moral sentiment or emotion in the tradition of the primacy of sentiment over reason in this area of human and machine action.
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Tomiltseva, D. A., and A. S. Zheleznov. "Inevitable Third: Ethical and Political Aspects of Interactions with Artificial Agents." Journal of Political Theory, Political Philosophy and Sociology of Politics Politeia 4, no. 99 (2020): 90–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.30570/2078-5089-2020-99-4-90-107.
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Artificial agents i.e., man-made technical devices and software that are capable of taking meaningful actions and making independent decisions, permeate almost all spheres of human life today. Being new political actants, they transform the nature of human interactions, which gives rise to the problem of ethical and political regulation of their activities. Therefore, the appearance of such agents triggers a global philosophical reflection that goes beyond technical or practical issues and makes researchers return to the fundamental problems of ethics. The article identifies three main aspects that call for philosophical understanding of the existence of artificial agents. First, artificial agents reveal the true contradiction between declared moral and political values and real social practices. Learning from the data on the assessments and conclusions that have already taken place, artificial agents make decisions that correspond to the prevailing behavioral patterns rather than moral principles of their creators or consumers. Second, the specificity of the creation and functioning of artificial agents brings the problem of responsibility for their actions to the forefront, which, in turn, requires a new approach to the political regulation of the activities of not only developers, customers and users, but also the agents themselves. Third, the current forms of the activity of artificial agents shift the traditional boundaries of the human and raise the question of redefining the humanitarian. Having carefully analyzed the selected aspects, the authors reveal their logic and outline the field for further discussion.
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Nowak, Ewa. "Can human and artificial agents share an autonomy, categorical imperative-based ethics and “moral” selfhood?" Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna 6, no. 2 (2018): 169–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/fped.2017.6.2.20.
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AI designers endeavour to improve ‘autonomy’ in artificial intelligent devices, as recent developments show. This chapter firstly argues against attributing metaphysical attitudes to AI and, simultaneously, in favor of improving autonomous AI which has been enabled to respect autonomy in human agents. This seems to be the only responsible way of making further advances in the field of autonomous social AI. Let us examine what is meant by claims such as designing our artificial alter egos and sharing moral selves with artificial humanoid devices as well as providing autonomous AI with an ethical framework modelled upon the core aspects of moral selfhood, e.g., making decisions which are based on autonomous law-giving, in Kantian terms.
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Mowbray, Miranda. "Moral Status for Malware! The Difficulty of Defining Advanced Artificial Intelligence." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30, no. 3 (2021): 517–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180120001061.
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AbstractThe suggestion has been made that future advanced artificial intelligence (AI) that passes some consciousness-related criteria should be treated as having moral status, and therefore, humans would have an ethical obligation to consider its well-being. In this paper, the author discusses the extent to which software and robots already pass proposed criteria for consciousness; and argues against the moral status for AI on the grounds that human malware authors may design malware to fake consciousness. In fact, the article warns that malware authors have stronger incentives than do authors of legitimate software to create code that passes some of the criteria. Thus, code that appears to be benign, but is in fact malware, might become the most common form of software to be treated as having moral status.
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Leonov, V., YEkatyerina Kashtanova, and A. Lobacheva. "Ethics of Artificial Intelligence: Problems and Initiatives in the Social Environment." Management of the Personnel and Intellectual Resources in Russia 10, no. 2 (2021): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2305-7807-2021-10-2-5-12.
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Technologies based on artificial intelligence (AI) have achieved significant results, including facial recognition, medical diagnostics, self-driving cars, insurance management and exchange assets, property, human resources, search and recruitment. Artificial intelligence promises huge benefits for economic growth, social development, and improving the well-being and people security. Of course, artificial intelligence and robotics are among the most discussed issues and technological trends around the world today. In the light of their widespread use and implementation in all spheres of human life, often the expected opportunities, achievements and scientific breakthroughs overshadow the reasonableness and expediency of using artificial intelligence technologies in a particular field from a legal and ethical point of view. Companies, in the pursuit of profit and leading positions in the market, are often irresponsible about the legal and ethical issues of interaction with artificial intelligence technologies. Nevertheless, the ethical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence technologies are gaining high importance these days. The emergence of high-tech systems and software that can function more and more independently of humans and can replace the performance of tasks by humans requires special attention. These systems raise a number of important and tough moral questions. The article discusses the main directions of the artificial intelligence technologies spread and the ethical consequences and moral issues that arise in this regard, both at the state and organizational levels. The main trends characteristic of the labor market that arise in the process of workplaces robotization and the intelligent robots introduction into the production process are studied. The authors convincingly prove the priority of ethics and human safety issues in the design and implementation of AI systems. During the discussion of the ethical problems of the artificial intelligence introduction in organizations, the emphasis is placed on the use of these technologies not from the point of view of automation and improving the efficiency of performing direct management functions, but from the point of view of the organization of personnel work. Based on this, the article concludes with recommendations for the development of ethical principles adapted to the design and use of AI systems.
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Abramov, A. A. "Religious and Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence: Expert Assessments and the Vatican Position." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 4, no. 4 (2020): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-4-16-68-82.
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The paper is dedicated to the emergence of progressive artificial intelligence technologies and its relations to the human nature and soul, as viewed by experts and in such specific community as the church. We seem now to be entering a new phase of the comprehension of the moral aspects of the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into the life of different societies. The romantic period of high expectations and excessive anxiety is replaced by the growing understanding of the complexity of the man‒machine interaction, which implies the intersection moral, legal, political and utilitarian dimensions of both a person and an artifact. The problematic issues are now more obvious, clear and difficult, as the disciplinary boundaries are revealed and highlighted. Among the crucial issues one should mention deficiencies in definitions; weakness of research optics and the vision that would be friendly to other areas of study or practice. This also includes the issues of integral assessment of the existing dangers, difficulties in describing the mechanisms of fulfilling both ethical and technically viable requirements. As scientific knowledge accumulates, both the benefits of introducing AI technologies into everyday life and previously underestimated new threats become more obvious. These societal and humanitarian ones include, in particular, social turbulence, neuroticism, digital crimes and crimes associated freedom abuses and losses of identity. Over the past few years, state and non-governmental institutions have proposed different approaches to determining what is included in the moral core of the problem under consideration. The efforts of many, if not most, of them turn out to be compromised by suspicions in willful intents. In this context, the broad consensus with the key agent facilitators is required, and the role such actors play in providing social stability is indisputable. One of the key roles in offering society the broadest vision on the anthropocentric development and AI progress belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. The Vatican’s quest to unite philosophers, AI developers, and religious leaders to address the ethical challenges of designing and implementing robotics is becoming an important element of the Christian witness in a world that is consider ed irrevocably secularized by many.
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Abramov, A. A. "Religious and Ethical Issues of Artificial Intelligence: Expert Assessments and the Vatican Position." Concept: philosophy, religion, culture 4, no. 4 (2020): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2541-8831-2020-4-16-68-82.
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The paper is dedicated to the emergence of progressive artificial intelligence technologies and its relations to the human nature and soul, as viewed by experts and in such specific community as the church. We seem now to be entering a new phase of the comprehension of the moral aspects of the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) into the life of different societies. The romantic period of high expectations and excessive anxiety is replaced by the growing understanding of the complexity of the man‒machine interaction, which implies the intersection moral, legal, political and utilitarian dimensions of both a person and an artifact. The problematic issues are now more obvious, clear and difficult, as the disciplinary boundaries are revealed and highlighted. Among the crucial issues one should mention deficiencies in definitions; weakness of research optics and the vision that would be friendly to other areas of study or practice. This also includes the issues of integral assessment of the existing dangers, difficulties in describing the mechanisms of fulfilling both ethical and technically viable requirements. As scientific knowledge accumulates, both the benefits of introducing AI technologies into everyday life and previously underestimated new threats become more obvious. These societal and humanitarian ones include, in particular, social turbulence, neuroticism, digital crimes and crimes associated freedom abuses and losses of identity. Over the past few years, state and non-governmental institutions have proposed different approaches to determining what is included in the moral core of the problem under consideration. The efforts of many, if not most, of them turn out to be compromised by suspicions in willful intents. In this context, the broad consensus with the key agent facilitators is required, and the role such actors play in providing social stability is indisputable. One of the key roles in offering society the broadest vision on the anthropocentric development and AI progress belongs to the Roman Catholic Church. The Vatican’s quest to unite philosophers, AI developers, and religious leaders to address the ethical challenges of designing and implementing robotics is becoming an important element of the Christian witness in a world that is consider ed irrevocably secularized by many.
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Perla, Lisa. "Is In-Vitro Fertilization for Older Women Ethical? a personal perspective." Nursing Ethics 8, no. 2 (2001): 152–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973300100800208.
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Fertility treatments raise a range of social and ethical issues regarding self-identity for family, sexual intimacy, and the interests and welfare of potential children. Eggs and sperm are combined to produce fertilized eggs. These eggs are then implanted as embryos and grow into viable fetuses, which are carried by the original mother or a surrogate mother. This artificial form of conception can challenge religious values and family structures. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) can be considered either as a medical miracle or playing with divinity. What obligation do medical professionals have to infertile women and to what extent? The bioethical dilemma of IVF use encompasses different moral issues for all involved in the process. Ethical issues address respect for personal autonomy, access and care, and the duty of the health care provider to be compassionate to persons whose actions and moral values may be different from their own. Health care providers need to impart empathy, understanding and sensitivity towards this unique type of patient population. The conflict for those treating patients who are trying to conceive by IVF includes respect for personal autonomy, nonmaleficence, justice, utility and the ethics of care. As a registered nurse in a postpartum hospital unit, I have seen antepartum and postpartum women involved with this new technology. I have worked with mothers and their partners as they experience different levels of anxiety and hope for the future. There is an underlying psychosocial connection with patients who undergo IVF treatments. The purpose of this article is to explore the ethical use of IVF on older women. Is this type of biotechnolgy being applied for the right reasons and for the best patient population?
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Moral and ethical aspects of Artificial insemination"
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Leal, Franciele da Silva. "Análise dos conceitos de autonomia e responsabilidade e o contexto da agência artificial /." Marília, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/148826.
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Orientadora: Mariana Claudia Broens<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho nos propomos a desenvolver uma análise crítica dos conceitos de agênciae responsabilidade no contexto tecnológico contemporâneo em que são produzidossistemas artificiais ditos autônomos. Tendo esse objetivo em foco, apresentamosprimeiramente teorias da ação e problematizamos as noções de evento causal e açãocausal, objeto e agente, visando clarificar a noção de agência. Analisamos, em seguida,a noção de ação responsável proposta por Hans Jonas uma vez que ele propõe umanoção de responsabilidade considerando o desenvolvimento tecnológicocontemporâneo. Em especial, apresentamos e discutimos a noção de heurística do temorproposta por Jonas (2004) cujo objetivo é criar cenários possíveis que antecipemimplicações a longo prazo do uso de novas tecnologias e auxiliem a informar asociedade sobre as possíveis consequências de seu uso para as novas gerações.Por fim,tratamos mais especificamente da legitimidade da atribuição de agência eresponsabilidade a sistemas artificiais, especialmente a robôs, na perspectiva daFilosofia e da Robótica, a partir de teses defendidas por Hans Jonas (2004, 2013) eWillem Haselager (2005). Em seus textos, ambos autores discutem a possibilidade deatribuir agência e responsabilidade a sistemas artificiais capazes de aprender e tomardecisões que ultrapassem os limites de sua programação inicial. Concluímos que pareceproblemático tanto atribuir agência a sistemas artificiais autônomos no mesmo sentidoem que ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)<br>Abstract: In this work, we propose to develop a critical analysis of the concepts of agency and responsibility in the contemporary technological context in which artificial systems said to be autonomous are produced. Aiming on this goal, we present, firstly, some theories of action, and we problematize the notions of causal event and causal action, object and agent, aiming on clarifying the notion of agency. Following, we analyze the notion of responsible action proposed by Hans Jonas, once he proposes a notion of responsibility considering the contemporary technological development. In particular, we present and discuss the heuristic notion of fear proposed by Jonas (2004) whose goal is to create possible scenarios which may anticipate long-term implications of the use of new technologies and may help to inform society about the possible consequences of their use for the new generations. Finally, we deal more specifically with the legitimacy of the attribution of agency and responsibility to artificial systems, specially robots, from the perspective of Philosophy and Robotics, from theses defended by Hans Jonas (2004, 2013) and Willem Haselager (2005). In their texts, both authors discuss the possibility of attributing agency and responsibility to artificial systems capable of learning and making decisions which surpass the limits of their initial programming. We conclude that it seems problematic both to attribute agency to autonomous artificial systems in the same sense in which human beings are considered to be agents, and to reduce such systems to mere causally determined objects.<br>Mestre
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Reddy, Nilam. "The medico-legal and ethical issues surrounding the creation of a human embryo." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9520.
Full textBooks on the topic "Moral and ethical aspects of Artificial insemination"
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Artificial conception: Report 1 : Human artificial insemination. The Commission], 1986.
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Fletcher, Joseph. The ethics of genetic control: Ending reproductive roulette : artificial insemination, surrogate pregnancy, nonsexual reproduction, genetic control and screening. Prometheus, 1988.
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Ventura, Marco. Procreer hors la loi: Loi civile, loi morale et loi canonique face à la nouvelle procreation. Cerdic-Publications, 1994.
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Bruguès, Jean-Louis. La fécondation artificielle au crible de l'éthique chrétienne. Fayard, 1989.
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Leist, Anton. Eine Frage des Lebens: Ethik der Abtreibung und künstlichen Befruchtung. Campus Verlag, 1990.
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Mori, Maurizio. La fecondazione artificiale: Questioni morali nell'esperienza giuridica. Giuffrè, 1988.
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Koppernock, Martin. Das Grundrecht auf bioethische Selbstbestimmung: Zur Rekonstruktion des allgemeinen Persönlichkeitsrechts. Nomos, 1997.
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Mori, Maurizio. La fecondazione artificiale: Una nuova forma di riproduzione umana. Editori Laterza, 1995.
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Catherine, Labrusse-Riou, ed. Produire l'homme, de quel droit?: Étude juridique et éthique des procréations artificielles. Presses universitaires de France, 1987.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Moral and ethical aspects of Artificial insemination"
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Pană, Laura. "Artificial Ethics." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology. IGI Global, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6122-6.ch004.
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A new morality is generated in the present scientific and technical environment, and a new ethics is needed, an ethics which may be found in both individual and social morality, which can guide a moral evolution of different cultural fields and which has the chance to keep alive the moral culture itself. This chapter points out first the scientific, technical, and philosophical premises of artificial ethics. The specific, the status, and the role of artificial ethics is described by selecting ethical procedures, norms, and values that are suitable to be applied both by human and artificial moral agents. Moral intelligence as a kind of practical intelligence is studied and its role in human and artificial moral conduct is evaluated. Common features of human and artificial moral agents are presented. Specific features of artificial moral agents are analyzed. Artificial ethics is presented as part of the multi-set of artificial cognition, discovery, activity, organization, and evolution ways. A meta-ethical survey establishes the place of artificial ethics within the group of new and emergent ethical fields of the computer culture. Natural and artificial evolution are studied from an interdisciplinary and even from an intercultural perspective, and the co-evolution of human and artificial moral agents is sketched by means of technological and social prognosis.
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Zhao, Weiwei. "Artificial Intelligence and ISO 26000 (Guidance on Social Responsibility)." In AI and Learning Systems - Industrial Applications and Future Directions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93451.
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With the rapid development of artificial intelligence, it has a more and more far-reaching impact on social, economic, cultural, and other fields. At the same time, artificial intelligence faces ethical, moral, privacy, and security issues. In order to realize the healthy development of artificial intelligence, it is urgent to apply the social responsibility management system to artificial intelligence. Based on the seven core subjects of social responsibility proposed by ISO 26000: organizational governance, human rights, labor practices, the environment, fair operating practices, consumer issues, and community involvement and development. In this chapter, the possible risks of artificial intelligence in these seven aspects are analyzed, and the corresponding countermeasures are discussed according to the causes of these problems. The final conclusion is the aspects that artificial intelligence should pay attention to when fulfilling its social responsibility.
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MacRae, Don. "Toward Benevolent AGI by Integrating Knowledge Graphs for Classical Economics, Education, and Health." In Advances in Human and Social Aspects of Technology. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-6772-2.ch010.
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This chapter considers the contributions that may be made to the evolution of an ethical and compassionate form of artificial general intelligence (AGI) by integrating knowledge graphs for classical economics, education, health, and space science. Classical economics offers pathways to the evolution of a form of AGI characterised as moral, ethical, and providing a capacity for building trust-based social capital of societies. Pathways that can be elucidated by applications of machine and deep learning to knowledge graphs of the fields of classical economics, ethics, and social capital. A network platform based on the application of distributed ledger technology is proposed to provide the basis for eliciting insights from interdependences between an ever expanding digital-quantum cloud hosting similarly empowered knowledge graphs for an ever increasing myriad of advancing fields. Knowledge graph sketches for education, health, space science, and other fields germane to building social capital serve to illustrate this proposed process and attendant business opportunities.