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Amantova-Salmane, Liene. "ETHICAL ASPECTS OF REGIONAL ECONOMY." Latgale National Economy Research 1, no. 3 (June 23, 2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/lner2011vol1.3.1803.
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In the beginning of economic history, economics as a social science was closely related to ethics and had a moral dimension. The works of Aristotle and Adam Smith show that the science of economics has evolved taking into consideration the ethical stand. However, during the twentieth century, ethics was not considered in the economic analysis, but this situation transformed and ethics became a part of economics. Removing ethics from economics also removes social responsibility and critical awareness. This research analyzes the ethical aspects of regional economy. Regional economy has an ethical dimension because its main goal is to reduce the disparities between regions. There is carried out a brief reference to the relationship between ethics and economy. In the following article there are analysed ethical aspects of regional policy.
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Kolodko, G. "Ethical Aspects of Business, Economy and Politics." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 11 (November 20, 2007): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2007-11-44-54.
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Despite the main attention being given within the economic activity to the issues of efficiency and competitiveness, one shouldn’t oversee the ethical aspects of business and economic policy. Quite important are also the matters of truth and false in economic research. Several phenomena and processes - subsidies, dumping, weapons trading, fiscal system and policy - do have also their moral dimension, not just the economic one. Hence, the issues of ethics should be considered and discussed in a wider context. From this perspective there is still a lot to be done, especially in the countries with weak market institutions and relatively lower quality of market culture, including post-socialist countries in transition to market system.
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Kirichenko, I. "Finland's Innovation Policy: Sociohumanitarian Aspects." World Economy and International Relations 65, no. 12 (2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-12-61-67.
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Modern society faces large-scale challenges associated with the digitalization of economic and social processes, especially at its new stage – the development and implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. The point is that the use of AI entails great ethical risks, since creates an opportunity for non-observance of human rights to privacy. In Finland, a country that has been pursuing an innovation policy closely linked to socio-economic policies that responds to social challenges for several decades, this problem is widely discussed and strives to minimize and even eliminate the above risks in decisions on research and development (R&D) policy. Therefore, R&D in the field of AI technologies is carried out in Finland at the intersection of computer, mathematical and humanitarian sciences, since one of the most important issues of its application is the question of how moral and ethical its results will be. In this regard, the analysis and understanding of Finland’s experience in this area is important and necessary. Finland has traditionally in recent decades prioritized the humanitarian component in the formation of innovation policy. The technological component was viewed through the prism of social problems that should be resolved in the course of economic development, the main driver of which is innovation processes. This approach is determined by the country’s social development model. The openness of public administration, the high role of the country’s citizens in making the most important strategic decisions, the social responsibility of business, taking into account the opinion of the expert community leads to a balanced promotion of technologies in the economy. Of course, opportunities for innovative development “with a human face” from time to time run into economic constraints – which was clearly manifested, for example, during a pandemic. Nevertheless, when it comes to digitalization and the use of AI, the Finnish state and society continue to strive to ensure the presumption of morality and ethics in the implementation of these technologies. The country is conducting humanitarian and sociological research in this area, as well as developing mechanisms for managing the ethics and morality of AI. The country strives to become a leader not only in AI technologies, but also in developing the principles of preserving the humanitarian and moral values that Finland shares with Europe.
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Varga, Norbert, and Andrea Szikra. "Old and New Criteria for the Governance of Political and Economic Structures on the Basis of the Bible and the Quran." Acta Universitatis Sapientiae, European and Regional Studies 12, no. 1 (December 1, 2017): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/auseur-2017-0008.
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AbstractThis study presents a sociological analysis of the Holy Books of two world religions (the Bible and the Quran) since, according to prognoses and risk analyses, a political, economic, cultural, and religious confrontation between the world religions will be unavoidable. Special economic and political aspects also contribute to the up-to-datedness of the topic in the democratic world; in fact: the economic crisis at the beginning of the 21st century, the difficulties of managing the crisis with traditional micro- and macroeconomic tools as well as the Europe-wide issue of migration processes. These challenges have directed our attention to alternative economic solutions and policy options, including theories on ethical basis. Modern academic discourse has recently started to direct research at leadership skills as acknowledged forms of talent. The priority of moral talent is never disputed in the Bible and the Quran, more so by certain leaders holding political or economic positions.
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Marchukov, Andrey. "Socio-ethical consequences of the German and Romanian occupation (on the example of the southern and eastern regions of the USSR)." Slavic Almanac 2022, no. 3-4 (2022): 128–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2073-5731.2022.3-4.1.06.
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The article dwells upon some social and moral consequences of the German-Romanian occupation in the Ukrainian SSR in 1941–1944. The source base are transcripts of conversations conducted by the staff of the Commission on the History of the Great Patriotic War of the Academy of Sciences of the Soviet Union with residents of Donbass, Odessa, Melitopol, etc. at the end of 1943 – the first half of 1944. These were people of different ages, professions, social groups who had survived the occupation or had come to these areas immediately after their liberation. The policy of the German and Romanian invaders and their behavior, among other things, had negatively affected the state of legal culture, crime, labor and family relations, and the moral state of society. For example, the phenomenon of bribery had grown dramatically. For some people it was a means of enrichment, while for some others it was a way to survive the inhumane conditions of the occupation. Speculation had acquired a huge scale and had sometimes been a way to survive in the conditions of the socio-economic policy pursued by the invaders. Prostitution, legalized by the occupiers, and the moral corruption and sexual promiscuity imposed by them became a negative moment. These and many other negative aspects required from the Soviet government and from the people additional efforts to overcome the socio-ethical consequences of the occupation.
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Inshyn, Mykola, Daryna Svitovenko, Armenui Telestakova, Olena Druchek, and Anna Sukhareva. "Gender policy within social and labor relations: international and legal aspect." Cuestiones Políticas 40, no. 74 (October 25, 2022): 425–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.4074.23.
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The article aims to define the sectoral legal tools that can be incorporated into the legislations of the countries of the world for the development of gender policies in social and labor relations. The research methodology included methods of general and special scientific character, which aim to ensure the unity of approaches. Attention has been paid to the justification of subjective differentiation of working conditions in the acts of the International Labor Organization. Legal conditions for the introduction of gender equality in legal systems were proposed in order to ensure the social and economic development of society. It is concluded that international standards of social and labor relations make it possible to implement gender equality policy in various variable models. Finally, among the special sectoral tools for solving gender problems, it is worth applying: subjective and social differentiation of working conditions; gender-neutral legislation; local acts as a method of raising the level of moral and ethical standards in professional groups, and; gender quotas and gender parity with differentiation in various spheres of economic activity.
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Kader, Haithem. "Human well-being, morality and the economy: an Islamic perspective." Islamic Economic Studies 28, no. 2 (March 16, 2021): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ies-07-2020-0026.
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PurposeThis study argues that in order to address the problems associated with the modern market economy at their core, such as persistent poverty, growing inequality and environmental degradation, it is imperative to re-assess the well-being and moral philosophy underpinning economic thinking. The author attempts to offer a preliminary way forward with reference to the Islamic intellectual tradition.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs content analysis of classical and contemporary Islamic texts on human well-being and economic ethics to derive a conceptual well-being model. The paper is structured in four sections: section one provides an overview of relevant secondary literature on moral economic approaches; section two outlines the main well-being frameworks; section three discusses the concept of human well-being in Islam informed by the Islamic worldview of tawḥīd, the Islamic philosophy of saʿādah, and the higher objectives of Islamic Law (maqās.id al-Sharīʿah); and finally, section four discusses policy implications and next steps forward.FindingsA conceptual model of human well-being from an Islamic perspective is developed by integrating philosophical insights of happiness (saʿādah) with an objective list of five essential goods: religion (Dīn), self (Nafs), intellect ('Aql), progeny (Nasl) and wealth (Māl) that correspond to spiritual, physical and psychological, intellectual, familial and social, and material well-being, respectively.Research limitations/implicationsFurther research is needed to translate this conceptual model into a composite well-being index to inform policy and practice.Practical implicationsThis model can be used to review the performance of the Islamic finance sector, not solely in terms of growth and profitability, but in terms of realising human necessities, needs and refinements. It can also provide the basis for the Organisation of Islamic Co-operation (OIC) countries to jointly develop a well-being index to guide national and regional co-operation. More generally, this study highlights the need for research in Islamic economics to be more firmly rooted within Islamic ontology and epistemology, while simultaneously engaging in productive dialogue with other moral schools of economic thought to offer practical solutions to contemporary challenges.Originality/valueThis study offers three aspects of originality. First, by outlining well-being frameworks, it highlights key differences between the utilitarian understanding of well-being underpinning modern economic theory and virtue-based understandings, such as the Aristotelian, Christian and Islamic approaches. Second, it provides a well-being model from an Islamic perspective by integrating the Islamic worldview of tawḥīd, the Islamic philosophy of saʿādah, and the higher objectives of Islamic Law (maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah). Third, it proposes an ethical framework for informing economic policy and practice.
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TAKALA, TUIJA. "Utilitarianism Shot Down by Its Own Men?" Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 12, no. 4 (August 7, 2003): 447–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180103124152.
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I think that utilitarianism is a good moral theory, and definitely better than its rivals, deontology and teleology. For practical purposes in multicultural contexts, at least, I think that no one should overlook a theory that is able to take into account a variety of ethical views and accommodate the ever-changing facts of the material world. But utilitarianism has a bad reputation in bioethics. It is often seen as the inhumane theory that allows the sacrifice of minorities, the killing of the innocent, and simplistic calculations on the value of life. Hardly anyone cares to remember that most formulations of the theory do not allow these actions. The economic doctrine sometimes labeled as utilitarianism could be guilty as charged, but ethics and economy are not interchangeable words. Also as a theory that can actually propose answers to no-win situations, utilitarianism has been an easy target for criticism.
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ISERSON, KENNETH V. "SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) Vaccine Development and Production: An Ethical Way Forward." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 30, no. 1 (June 5, 2020): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096318012000047x.
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AbstractThe world awaits a SARS-CoV-2 virus (i.e., COVID-19 disease) vaccine to keep the populace healthy, fully reopen their economies, and return their social and healthcare systems to “normal.” Vaccine safety and efficacy requires meticulous testing and oversight; this paper describes how despite grandiose public statements, the current vaccine development, testing, and production methods may prove to be ethically dubious, medically dangerous, and socially volatile. The basic moral concern is the potential danger to the health of human test subjects and, eventually, many vaccine recipients. This is further complicated by economic and political pressures to reduce government oversight on rushed vaccine testing and production, nationalistic distribution goals, and failure to plan for the widespread immunization needed to produce global herd immunity. As this paper asserts, the public must be better informed to assess promises about the novel vaccines being produced and to tolerate delays and uncertainty.
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Wardrope, Alistair. "Health justice in the Anthropocene: medical ethics and the Land Ethic." Journal of Medical Ethics 46, no. 12 (October 7, 2020): 791–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2020-106855.
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Industrialisation, urbanisation and economic development have produced unprecedented (if unevenly distributed) improvements in human health. They have also produced unprecedented exploitation of Earth’s life support systems, moving the planet into a new geological epoch, the Anthropocene—one defined by human influence on natural systems. The health sector has been complicit in this influence. Bioethics, too, must acknowledge its role—the environmental threats that will shape human health in this century represent a ‘perfect moral storm’ challenging the ethical theories of the last. The US conservationist Aldo Leopold saw this gathering storm more clearly than many, and in his Land Ethic describes the beginnings of a route to safe passage. Its starting point is a reinterpretation of the ethical relationship between humanity and the ‘land community’, the ecosystems we live within and depend upon; moving us from ‘conqueror’ to ‘plain member and citizen’ of that community. The justice of the Land Ethic questions many presuppositions implicit to discussions of the topic in biomedical ethics. By valuing the community in itself—in a way irreducible to the welfare of its members—it steps away from the individualism axiomatic in contemporary bioethics. Viewing ourselves as citizens of the land community also extends the moral horizons of healthcare from a solely human focus. Taking into account the ‘stability’ of the community requires intergenerational justice. The resulting vision of justice in healthcare—one that takes climate and environmental justice seriously—could offer health workers an ethic fit for the future.
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Vladimir M., Sokolov, and Stovba Andrey V. "The Imperative of the Bioethical Approach to the Moral and Political Problems of the Coronacrisis COVID-19." Humanitarian Vector 16, no. 2 (April 2021): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.21209/1996-7853-2021-16-2-80-87.
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Mass diseases in the modern world, such as epidemics and even more pandemics pose global threats and risks to human civilization. Few infectious diseases known or emerging pose vital ethical problems as quickly and sharply as they did during the outbreak of the new form of the coronavirus COVID-19. The peculiarity of this epidemic is that the emergency situation in healthcare over a short period of time escalated into an economic and geopolitical crisis, which received one of its names “Corona Crisis 2020”. The World Health Organization has classified COVID-19 as a worldwide pandemic. At the time of writing this article, the epidemic has declined, but in the future, there is a threat of a “new wave” of infectious diseases. The moral and political dilemmas arising from the outbreak of the new coronavirus, among other problems, also actualize many bioethical considerations in developing methods and tactics for combating the epidemic. The limited capabilities of the healthcare system and medicine in the treatment of infections highlight the need for understanding bioethical approaches to many problems and challenges affecting the vital values and interests of the individual, medical workers and society as a whole. We attempt to identify and briefly analyze some aspects of the political and moral state of modern society, due to corona crisis COVID-19. A comparative analysis of existing concepts of bioethics with an emphasis on the need for adapting ethical standards and requirements for public health policies is given. We stress the importance of adhering to the principle of mutual moral responsibility of the state and the individual; the protection of socio-economic and political rights and freedoms of a person during the period of implementation long-term measures of isolation and long-term emergency situation. Keywords: coronavirus COVID-19, pandemics, bioethics, policy, health organization
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Kopelman, Loretta M. "What is Unique About the Doctor and Patient Medical Encounter? A Moral and Economic Perspective." American Journal of Bioethics 6, no. 2 (March 2006): 85–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160500507066.
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Derlytsia, A. "REDISTRIBUTION AND JUSTICE: PHILOSOPHICAL FUNDAMENTALS AND VIEWS OF THE THEORY OF PUBLIC FINANCE." HERALD OF KHMELNYTSKYI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY 288, no. 6 (December 30, 2020): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31891/2307-5740-2020-288-6-13.
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The article considers the conceptual basis of redistribution as an economic phenomenon that occurs at different levels of the economic system (household, market, state). The types of redistributive effects are determined: market redistribution (provided by the price mechanism) and public redistribution (formed as a result of the functioning of the public sphere). Key attention is paid to social redistribution, which proposes to distinguish between fiscal (carried out through the system of public finance through taxation, transfers) and non-fiscal (arising from government actions that affect the functioning of the market). The links between public redistribution and views on justice have been explored. Philosophical and moral-ethical aspects of public redistribution are considered. Attention is paid to the criteria of redistributive justice. Some provisions of the theory of public finance on the interpretation of the phenomenon of social redistribution are revealed. It is noted that consideration of the conceptual foundations of public redistribution requires a philosophical vision of justice, consideration of the procedural aspects of finding a political compromise in a modern democratic society, as well as an assessment of the economic effects associated with redistribution. It is noted that for a clear understanding of the overall effect of redistribution processes it is necessary to simultaneously analyze the efficiency of market exchange, the perfection of mechanisms of primary distribution of income by the market and the direction of fiscal redistribution and transfer policy through the public finance system. The lack of unambiguous criteria for ensuring redistributive justice is emphasized. This necessitates the widespread application of the criterion of injustice. The need to realize the importance of recognizing inequality as a methodological principle of economic functioning is pointed out. It is noted that this will contribute to a more rational formulation of normative goals and priorities of the state redistributive policy in applied research of public finance.
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Škapa, Stanislav, and Marek Vochozka. "Towards Higher Moral and Economic Goals in Renewable Energy." Science and Engineering Ethics 26, no. 3 (May 16, 2019): 1149–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-019-00109-z.
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Whitaker, John K. "Must Historians of Economics Apologize Presidential Address History of Economics Society May, 1984." History of Economics Society Bulletin 6, no. 2 (1985): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1042771600010280.
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The body of enquiry known as economics grew out of the practical needs of economic life and statesmanship, and also out of philosophical speculation on the nature of man and society. Adam Smith reflects both aspects, but I would locate him predominantly in the philosophical wing. When he switched from considering the theory of moral sentiments to dealing with the causes of the wealth of nations, I don't believe that he saw himself as engaging in a fundamentally different mode of enquiry. He was, of course, concerned with practical questions--of ethical behaviour in the one case and of economic policy in the other--but discussion of both was from a broad philosophic viewpoint. Ricardo, on the other hand, seems to me to exemplify, and at a high level, someone who falls predominatly in the other wing. Although his thought was abstract, it was much more an attempt to deal pragmatically with important issues of practice than it was an attempt, in the philosophical tradition, to understand the general nature of men's interaction in society. Indeed, utilitarianism by then offered a strictly philosophic rationale for concern with practice (albeit a piggish one in some eyes) which did much to confound and confuse the dual origins of economics. Mill and Sidgwick, among others, maintained the tradition of a close connection between philosophical and economic enquiry, within the framework of a broadened utilitarianism, and the continuing affinity of the two disciplines has been exemplified more recently in the work of writers such as Rawls and Sen, not to mention the recent upsurge in discussion of economic methodology.
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Resnik, David B. "Developing Drugs for the Developing World: An Economic, Legal, Moral, and Political Dilemma." Developing World Bioethics 1, no. 1 (May 2001): 11–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-8847.00004.
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SNELL, KAROLIINA. "Health as the Moral Principle of Post-Genomic Society: Data-Driven Arguments Against Privacy and Autonomy." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28, no. 02 (April 2019): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180119000057.
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Abstract:In Finland, as well as all over the globe, great weight is put on the possibilities of large data collections and ‘big data’ for generating economic growth, enhancing medical research, and boosting health and wellbeing in totally new ways. This massive data gathering and usage is justified by the moral principle of improving health. The imperative of health thus legitimizes data collection, new infrastructures and innovation policy. It is also supported by the rhetoric of health promotion. New arrangements in health research and innovations in the health sector are justified, as they produce health, while the moral principle of health also obligates individual persons to pursue healthy lifestyles and become healthy citizens. I examine how, in this context of Finnish data-driven medicine, arguments related to privacy and autonomy become silenced when contrasted with the moral principle of health.
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Tichtchenko, Pavel, and Boris Yudin. "The Moral Status of Fetuses in Russia." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 6, no. 1 (1997): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096318010000757x.
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Starting bioethics in Russia we were motivated with the idea of the democratization of our society on a basic micro-social level. The country was swift enough to take several important steps in this direction on the macro-social level, i.e., to adopt a new constitution with guarantees of human rights and rights of ownership of private property, to elect the parliament and the president. But these modernizations in the Russian political facade did not sufficiently change the internal structure of the society–the net of everyday relationships in the home, at work, at school, in hospitals and other places. One of the most brilliant philosophers of the Russian “silver age,” L.S. Frank, wrote in the beginning of the century that a tyrannical state (at his time the czarist state) grows out of tyrannical interpersonal relationships. Political revolution not grounded in a social evolution on the basic level of satisfying “simple” human economic, physical, and psychological needs could reproduce only the same totalitarian pattern under a new ideological label. Events resulting from the Bolshevik revolution in 1917 proved the wisdom of his statement. Russia could suffer the same fate today.
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Da Silva, Michael. "The Complex Structure of Health Rights." Public Health Ethics 13, no. 1 (February 3, 2020): 99–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phaa001.
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Abstract Research on how to understand legally recognized socio-economic rights produced many insights into the nature of rights. Legally recognized rights to health and, by extension, health care could contribute to health justice. Yet a tension remains between widespread international and transnational constitutional recognition of rights to health and health care and compelling normative conditions for rights recognition from both philosophers seeking to identify the scope and structure of the rights and policy scholars seeking to understand how to practically realize such rights (and measure realization of same). This work identifies an overlooked source of these difficulties: the right to health care and other health rights are necessarily ‘complex’, consisting of multiple related, but irreducible, morally valuable components. ‘Complex rights’ do not fit the traditional structure of human rights, so legal recognition of same can appear confused from a philosophical perspective, but there is ample reason to admit complex rights into our moral ontology and doing so can help bridge the divide between global health practices and ongoing work in the philosophy of rights and public policy. Recognition of complex rights admittedly shifts the burden for justifying health rights, but it does so in a way that is instructive for general philosophical analysis of socio-economic rights.
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Horne, L. Chad. "“Public Health, Public Goods, and Market Failure”." Public Health Ethics 12, no. 3 (June 3, 2019): 287–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/phe/phz004.
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Abstract This discussion revises and extends Jonny Anomaly's ‘public goods’ account of public health ethics in light of recent criticism from Richard Dees. Public goods are goods that are both non-rival and non-excludable. What is significant about such goods is that they are not always provided efficiently by the market. Indeed, the state can sometimes realize efficiency gains either by supplying such goods directly or by compelling private purchase. But public goods are not the only goods that the market may fail to provide efficiently. This point to a way of broadening the public goods account of public health to accommodate Dees' counterexamples, without abandoning its distinctive appeal. On the market failures approach to public health ethics, the role of public health is to correct public health-related market failures of all kinds, so far as possible. The underlying moral commitment is to economic efficiency in the sense of Pareto: if we can re-allocate resources in the economy so as to raise the welfare of some without lowering the welfare of any other, we ought to do so.
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Sonne, James William Hendry. "Neuroanatomy of the Will." NeuroSci 3, no. 4 (November 7, 2022): 616–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/neurosci3040044.
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Questions regarding the nature and source of consciousness and individual agency to make decisions have enormous practical implications that include human health and wellbeing, social policy, and economics. Ethical issues involving the ability for patients to make conscious, informed choices, such as in cases of dementia or coma, abound, and the health implications of individual choice on public wellbeing are becoming increasingly important as population densities increase. Furthermore, the use of animals for drug testing presents moral dilemmas related to our concepts of consciousness, pain, and consent. While philosophers have long debated aspects of consciousness, the means to scientifically address specific questions regarding regional and cellular functions of the brain are constantly emerging, as are new theories of physical laws and particle interactions which allow for the formation of new hypotheses of the source of consciousness. These emerging capabilities and hypotheses are increasingly able to be subjected to methodological scrutiny by the scientific community. To facilitate open discussion and advances in investigations regarding the nature of consciousness, this Topical Collection is intended to provide a peer-reviewed space to discuss or propose falsifiable hypotheses of consciousness in a full range of systems, using methods across disciplines of biology, physics, computer science, and philosophy of science that can inform such a discussion, while emphasizing the role that our conception of consciousness has on human health, society, and policy.
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Dawes, Daniel E. "The Future of Health Equity in America: Addressing the Legal and Political Determinants of Health." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 46, no. 4 (2018): 838–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110518821976.
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There is much discourse and focus on the social determinants of health, but undergirding these multiple intersecting and interacting determinants are legal and political determinants that have operated at every level and impact the entire life continuum. The United States has long grappled with advancing health equity via public law and policy. Seventy years after the country was founded, lawmakers finally succeeded in passing the first comprehensive and inclusive law aimed at tackling the social determinants of health, but that effort was short-lived. Today the United States is faced with another fork in the road relative to the advancement of health equity. This article draws on lessons from history and law to argue that researchers, providers, payers, lawmakers and the legal community have a moral, economic and national security imperative to address not only the negative outcomes of health disparities, but also the imbalance of inputs resulting from laws and policies which fail to employ an equity lens.
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OGUZ, N. YASEMIN, STEVEN H. MILES, NUKET BUKEN, and MURAT CIVANER. "End-of-Life Care in Turkey." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 12, no. 3 (July 2003): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180103123109.
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Most physicians confront the moral and technical challenges of treating persons who are coming to the natural end of their lives. At the level of the health system, this issue becomes a more pressing area for reform as premature death decreases and more people live a full life span. Well-developed countries and international organizations such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Organisation of Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) have made recommendations for improving healthcare problems in aging societies. Turkey belongs to the WHO and the OECD. This article describes end-of-life healthcare in Turkey, the design of the healthcare system to meet this need, challenges that should be addressed, and solutions that would be appropriate to Turkish culture and resources.
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Valeyeva, Elvira T., Venera T. Akhmetshina, Elmira R. Shaikhlislamova, Rosa M. Bakieva, and Albina A. Distanova. "Аnalysis of selected indices of disability of adult population and health care workers of the Republic of Bashkortostan." HEALTH CARE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 65, no. 3 (July 12, 2021): 191–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0044-197x-2021-65-3-191-197.
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Introduction. The problem of disability of the population includes medical and social, economic, moral, and ethical aspects, since it affects a considerable number of people, mainly of working age. This also applies to health care workers, whose role in solving the tasks of state policy to preserve and prolong the active life of a person is invaluable. Purpose. Analysis of the levels, trend, and structure of primary disability among the Republic of Bashkortostan’s adult population and health care workers. Material and methods. Primary disability was studied according to the annual reports and 936 certificates of examination for disability in the Bureau of medical and Social expertise of the Republic of Bashkortostan for 2015-2017. Results. During the analyzed period, there is practically no tendency to decrease disability indices among the population of the Republic of Bashkortostan; among health care workers, in 2017 this value decreased by 1.1 times compared to 2015, amounting to 49.5 per 10 thousand population. In the structure of primary disability, the most numerous both among the population and among medical workers were persons with group III disability. Among the causes of disability of the adult population of the Republic of Bashkortostan, diseases of malignant aetiology (37.4%) and diseases of the circulatory system (25.9%) hold the top place. The direct access to disability, the cause of neoplasms of malignant aetiology, in medical workers for all the years of observation exceeded the national indices by 1.1-1.4 times. Breast, ovarian, and cervical cancer prevailed in the structure of oncological diseases among doctors. Disability among medical workers due to conditions of the circulatory system is established for every third doctor (32.9%). Conclusion. The basis for early diagnosis of diseases and prevention of disability of health care workers should be high-quality periodic medical examinations with mandatory implementation of the full scope of laboratory and functional research methods.
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Khanykina, Nataliia, Dana Sopova, and Oksana Bulvinska. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACADEMIC INTEGRITY PRINCIPLES AT THE UNIVERSITY: EXPERIENCE OF CONDUCTING EDUCOLOGICAL DEBATES." Continuing Professional Education: Theory and Practice, no. 1 (2021): 46–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/1609-8595.2021.1.6.
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The article analyzes the experience of introducing academic integrity on the example of an intellectual educational game – a debate at the Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University. Such work has become traditional for the University residents on the basis of the educational circle «Educological Discourse» of the Research Laboratory of Educology and the Pedagogical Institute of the University. The purpose of the scientific article is to present the experience of conducting Educological debates on the introduction of academic integrity and their impact on improving the quality of higher education. The theoretical basis of the «Educological Debate» is the scientific direction of integrated research in the field of education – Educology, which is a synergy of such educational sciences as philosophy of education, history of education, educational policy, educational law, education management, economics of education, sociology of education, cultural education. These educational sciences make up the content of educational training, provide an opportunity to analyze and reveal various aspects of academic integrity. The «Educological debates» have polemical nature. The teams are able to demonstrate the main areas of work during the «Educological Debates». The principles, mechanisms of academic integrity introduction which can improve quality of education are resulted. The role of meetings in the format of an intellectual educational game is emphasized. The game serves as an impetus for awareness and desire to continue working on the creation and search for tools and mechanisms for the academic integrity introduction in the academic space. The conclusions of this work on the importance of informing students about the normative and legal, moral and ethical principles of combating plagiarism, teaching students the rules of ethical behavior in the academic environment are made. It is mentioned about the interactive teaching method of debates, which is effective for the development of both professional and general competencies of students. It helps to increase the level of critical thinking and communication skills.
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Schicktanz, S., and M. Schweda. ""One man's trash is another man's treasure": exploring economic and moral subtexts of the "organ shortage" problem in public views on organ donation." Journal of Medical Ethics 35, no. 8 (July 30, 2009): 473–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.2008.027953.
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Eleftheriadis, Pavlos. "A Right to Health Care." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 40, no. 2 (2012): 268–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2012.00663.x.
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Do we have a legal and moral right to health care against others? There are international conventions and institutions that say emphatically yes, and they summarize this in the expression of “the right to health,” which is an established part of the international human rights canon. The International Covenant on Social and Economic Rights outlines this as “the right of everyone to the enjoyment of the highest attainable standard of physical and mental health,” but declarations such as this remain tragically unfulfilled. According to recent figures, roughly two billion people lack access to essential drugs or to primary health care. Millions are afflicted by infections and illnesses that are easily avoidable or treatable. In the developing world many children die or grow stunted and damaged for lack of available treatments. Tropical diseases receive little or no attention by the major pharmaceutical companies’ research departments. Is this a massive violation of the right to health? And if so, why does it attract so little attention? Is it because our supposed commitment to human rights and the rule of law is hypocritical and hollow? Or is it because the right to health is a special case of a right, so that these tragedies are no violation at all? Jennifer Prah Ruger summarized this puzzle when she wrote: “one would be hard pressed to find a more controversial or nebulous human right than the right to health.” In this essay I discuss three different theories of a right to health care. I conclude by offering my own reconstruction of one such theory.
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Сорочан, Д. А. "Administrative and Legal Principles of the Activities of the National Police of Ukraine in Preventing and Counteracting Bullying." Law and Safety 79, no. 4 (December 14, 2020): 48–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.32631/pb.2020.4.07.
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The negative socio-economic situation and large gaps in the moral and ethical education of the younger generation have led to an increase in the number of cases of deliberate abuse of older and stronger to the smaller and weaker members of educational institutions. The author has studied administrative and legal principles of the activity of the National Police of Ukraine on preventing and counteracting bullying. Based on a comprehensive analysis of national legislation on preventing and combating bullying in Ukraine, the author has determined perspective areas for improving administrative and legal principles in this area. It has been emphasized that the role of the National Police in this area cannot be limited to the preventive registration of a child. It is necessary to develop a set of preventive and educational measures aimed at preventing bullying manifestations among minors. It has been found out that there are no tools to assess the effectiveness of the impact of existing strategies to combat bullying in Ukraine, which necessitates further research in this area. It has been determined that it is necessary to fight not with individual facts of bullying, but to enshrine in the legislation the system of counteraction to harassment in educational institutions, which can be preventive in nature. It has been established that the legislator has introduced a number of amendments over the last few years, which are characterized by the strengthening of the component of protection of children’s rights. A positive novelty is that the main task of the juvenile police was preventive activity instead of punitive one. In general, the regulatory basis for the activities of the National Police of Ukraine to prevent and combat bullying can be divided into two parts: general legislative acts and departmental regulatory acts. It has been noted that the prevention of bullying and the prevention and combating of domestic violence are different aspects of the same problem, which are in constant close cooperation, and then the measures to overcome them should be common.
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Sychev, A. A., E. V. Zaytseva, and P. S. Tolkachev. "MORAL-ETHICAL ASPECTS OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 1 (March 23, 2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2020-1-36-42.
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At the present stage, the digital (information) economy is playing an increasingly important role in the world economy and national economies. Using rapid exchange of information benefits allows economic agents at all levels (from ordinary consumers to large corporations and state bodies, regulating economic relations) to make more accurate decisions in various economic issues. It is obvious, that the creation of the Russian information system will be able to increase the efficiency of our national economy (including the objectives of its state regulation) and at the same time raise the level of the country’s security. However, the effective use of the digital economy does not only depend on the level of development of the technical base of the information system. Only the moral state of society can send the information received for the benefit of all its members.
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Brooks, Ann, and Vanessa Heaslip. "Sex trafficking and sex tourism in a globalised world." Tourism Review 74, no. 5 (November 4, 2019): 1104–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/tr-02-2017-0017.
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Purpose This paper aims to explore the dark side of the relationship between gender, mobility, migration and tourism. Specifically, the paper looks at one form of human trafficking, the global sex industry and the relationship between sex trafficking and sex tourism. More particularly, the paper examines the global sex industry (Goh, 2009; Sasse, 2000, 2001) and the impact of migration and human rights aspects (Voronova and Radjenovic, 2016) of sex trafficking and sex tourism, as well as the emotional dimensions of trauma, violence and vulnerability (Heaslip, 2016). Design/methodology/approach The paper is an interdisciplinary discussion paper combining socio-economic perspectives (Goh, 2009; Brooks and Devasayaham, 2011), human rights perspectives (Cheah, 2006), migration perspectives (Voronova and Radjenovic, 2016), tourism perspectives (Carolin et al., 2015) and health perspectives (Cary et al., 2016; Matos et al., 2013; Reid and Jones, 2011). The contribution of these intersecting perspectives to an understanding of sex trafficking and sex tourism is explored. Findings The paper highlights the moral and ethical responsibility of the tourist industry to counteract sex trafficking and sex tourism, an issue which tourism studies have failed to fully engage with. In presenting the human costs of trafficking from a gender perspective, the paper considers the ways in which the tourism industries, in some countries, are attempting to respond. Research limitations/implications The originality of the research is the focus on the dark side of the relationship between gender, mobility and tourism through sex trafficking and sex tourism drawing on an interdisciplinary perspective. Social implications The paper looks at the individual and social implications of sex trafficking and sex tourism for different countries and states and for the individuals concerned. In addition, it looks at the ways in which the tourism industry is responding to sex trafficking and sex tourism and the social impact of this. Originality/value In theorising the relationship between gender, migration, sex trafficking and tourism from an interdisciplinary perspective, exploring the societal and individual impact, this paper provides a framework for further empirical research or policy changes with regard to the intersection of sex trafficking and tourism.
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Fontoura Filho, Carlos. "Are the researcher and the reviewer focused on defending the journal’s credibility in the face of scientific demands?" Scientific Journal of the Foot & Ankle 12, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 263–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.30795/scijfootankle.2018.v12.879.
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The last editorial highlighted the importance of the internationalization of this journal as well as the use of well-defined standards and agile and modern mechanisms for the rapid publication of scientific material. In this scenario, there is concern about building a good level of content. A revival of the scientific tradition and the modernization (but not replacement) of the method and forms of review, from standardizations brought about by experimentalism to the inclusion of digital technology, are called for.
In an academic universe in which publication volume transcends optimistic expectations, new journals and scientific portals with global and instantaneous reach appear at every moment. Modernity is, according to Zygmunt Bauman1, liquid. Scientific production gallops. However, readers look for the best-supported content, recognizing that it is impossible to read every published article within their area of interest. With their good power of discernment, they choose more useful and higher-quality articles, leaving aside irrelevant ones. It is not wrong to state that an unread article is a lost article.
Moses Naim2, in his book "The End of Power", notes that it is increasingly feasible for a competent bureaucratic institution to achieve its optimal conceptual level and gain space in an environment in which traditional and powerful institutions already exist in the same segment. The barriers that protect the power of larger institutions are increasingly fragile. The digital age and the internet (mobility), the growing number of alternatives for the same product (more) and increasing intellectual preparation (mentality) help to break down these barriers that preserve the power of traditional organizations. For the same reasons, a newly ascended entity can easily lose its prominence. This phenomenon is what this author calls the revolution of the three “m’s”: more, mobility and mentality. This journal navigates in this sea of contemporary events, within which economic liberalism, for example, insinuates itself, albeit late.
The large volume of publications entails a predictable bias toward a great variety of content and, concurrently, an increase in the spectrum of methodological quality in both the higher and lower directions. This new reality calls on participants who are coherent and aware of their role in steering the "Scientific Journal" along the stormy sea route of a busy and demanding market.
It may be difficult to apply ideas that appear to be obvious: researchers need to produce relevant material with good scientific quality and sound methodology, and reviewers must match researchers’ efforts by devoting the same scientific competence, ethics and dedication to the production that they receive. Therefore, it is important to ask how, within a national context, researchers and reviewers can be prepared, mobilized, updated and improved such that they conduct their work in "firm steps" with good methods and well-applied tools.
See "Liquid Modernity" by Zygmunt Bauman, in which the author, a Polish sociologist and World War II refugee based in Great Britain, considers immediate modernity "light", "liquid", "fluid" and immensely more dynamic than "solid" modernity, which would have been dethroned.
Moisés Naím is a Venezuelan writer and columnist who has been the editor-in-chief of Foreign Policy magazine since 1996. He has written on international politics and economics, economic development, multilateral organizations, US foreign policy and the unintended consequences of globalization.
Carlos Fontoura FilhoReview Board, Scientific Journal of the Foot & AnkleDoctor in Medicine, Medical School, University of São Paulo (USP) in Ribeirão PretoAdjunct Professor of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical School, Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro
Reply to Professor
Dear Prof. Dr. Carlos Fontoura Filho,
First of all, thank you for your appreciation.
I was motivated when I read your letter and I was sure that our work is being pursued with a focus on best practices. Significant efforts are being expended to achieve our goals.
An interesting aspect to highlight is how editorial processes can suffer external influences, even in scientific environments, where the ethical conduct of authors, reviewers and editors must be above all else.
Practicing medicine under the aegis of ethics requires of the physician a broad experience in this social, moral environment, and constant updating, far beyond the strictly technical requirements. We are much more demanded in the multiple aspects of human relations, if compared to other professions. We must keep careful attention on all those aspects that govern the principles of education and training of young people not only as orthopedic surgeons of the foot and ankle but also as citizens of the world.
Jorge Mitsuo MizusakiEditor-in-chief
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Baiura, D., and Y. Horbatiuk. "«EVALUATION OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DEVELOPMENT LEVEL ON THE EXAMPLE OF JSC «CARLSBERG UKRAINE»." THEORETICAL AND APPLIED ISSUES OF ECONOMICS, no. 38 (2019): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/tppe.2019.38.4.
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Corporate social responsibility (CSR) includes not only a variety of theories but also a number of controversial and difficult approaches. It has become an essential element of the business world over the last two decades. As a result, cooperation between business and society has strengthened. Earlier, enterprises were mostly concerned with economic results of their activities; today, on the contrary, enterprises have to consider ethical, moral, ecological and social consequences of their work. CSR and maintaining high ethical standards are not optional but compulsory for all enterprises. There exists a certain influence of a private sector on workforce, consumers, society, environment, business opponents, investors, stockholders and other interest groups. This article is devoted to methodological approaches for determining the influence of stakeholders on the functioning of enterprises and ensuring the level of corporate social responsibility. Based on our research, key stakeholders groups were identified for corporate social responsibility for individual enterprises and organizations, as well as their impact on shaping various aspects of corporate social responsibility for these groups. The research was based on the use of a stakeholder the matrix, which is used to display and identify key stakeholders in corporate social responsibility and to determine the levels of corporate social responsibility for specific groups. The process of globalization has intensified, competition has grown all over the world. The tendency of companies to be socially responsible and gaining competitive advantage is becoming an important factor for corporate social responsibility practices. Today there is a strong link between strategic management and CSR. Consequently, the concept of CSR becomes a part of the strategy of each modern company. CSR acts as the main principle of the company's activities, which is applied on a permanent basis in relations with the interested parties. At the moment, it should be associated with the system of strategic and corporate governance, which includes nonfinancial risk management, social investment, and stakeholder relations. Without such a strategic management tool as CSR, it will be difficult for business to stay ahead of the business and form a complete business model that is fully responsive to challenges of time. The purpose of the article is to study the methodological approaches for assessing corporate social responsibility and provide recommendations for their improvement. In the field of the study was also the impact of the strategy of corporate social policy on the activities of enterprises, as well as determining the factors and ways to increase the efficiency of the enterprise through the introduction of an integrated management system, taking into account CSR. CSR may turn into one of the most efficient instruments for practical realization of the stakeholder theory. Stakeholders provide organizations with necessary resources for achieving their business goals, influence corporate activity and productivity of enterprises. As a result of their relationships with these organizations, the stakeholders win or lose.
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Hunt, Geoffrey. "Moral Crisis, Professionals and Ethical Education." Nursing Ethics 4, no. 1 (January 1997): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309700400104.
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Western civilization has probably reached an impasse, expressed as a crisis on all fronts: economic, technological, environmental and political. This is experienced on the cultural level as a moral crisis or an ethical deficit. Somehow, the means we have always assumed as being adequate to the task of achieving human welfare, health and peace, are failing us. Have we lost sight of the primacy of human ends? Governments still push for economic growth and technological advances, but many are now asking: economic growth for what, technology for what? Health care and nursing are caught up in the same inversion of human priorities. Professionals, such as nurses and midwives, need to take on social responsibilities and a collective civic voice, and play their part in a moral regeneration of society. This involves carrying civic rights and duties into the workplace.
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Safonchyk, Oksana, and Konstiantyn Vitman. "PROSPECTS OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY DEVELOPMENT IN THE EU IN SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 4 (October 29, 2019): 212. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-4-212-220.
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In the world practice, corporate social responsibility (CSR) is recognized an important component of sustainable development strategy, for which reason governments of many countries pay considerable attention to the promotion of CSR ideas at the national level, creating favourable conditions for socially responsible behaviour of national and foreign enterprises. The author aims to analyse the experience of regulation of corporate social responsibility policy in the EU Member States, to show the practice of national governments of the EU Member States in the field of CSR, and to determine prospects of corporate social responsibility at the modern development stage in view of implementing the concept of sustainable development. Summarizing approaches to the definition of CSR, it can be emphasized that CSR should positively influence society, in which the enterprise operates. It is a free choice in favour of increasing the welfare and moral and ethical values of society through appropriate approaches to doing business. Relations between enterprises both in the European Union and in other countries are increasingly based on the principles of CSR. Compliance with these principles becomes an important prerequisite for attracting foreign investment and obtaining government orders. In the international context, CSR is an efficient instrument to develop partnership and cooperation of countries in the context of achieving the Millennium Development Goals, to control the negative influence of the industrial sector on ecology, to prevent social crises, as a consequence, to ensure sustainable development of the world civilisation. Among the European institutions, the European Commission’s committees play a key role in disseminating the idea of CSR. One of the main factors in strengthening the EU economy is considered precisely the stable growth based on the rational use of resources, ecology, and competition. Plans of the Strategy for 2012–2015–2020 clearly show that the European Union intends to strengthen control over economic management and “voluntarily oblige” the business to follow the rules of CSR. The goal of a new CSR Strategy is to create conditions favourable for sustainable development, responsible business conduct, and permanent employment in the medium and long term. Key changes in comparison with the policy for 2010 – definition of corporate social responsibility as “Responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society” and rejection of the principle of voluntariness: “the European Commission recognizes that some regulations stimulate CSR, therefore, public authorities should support the CSR development by applying a mix of voluntary and regulatory policies”. As the study showed, the governments of the EU countries are actively engaged in the development and promotion of corporate social responsibility. The role of the state is manifested in the implementation of the following key functions: the state as a legislator and a controlling authority; the state as an employer; the state as a consumer and a buyer; the state as a partner; the state as an institutional investor; the state as a participant in international relations. The most significant results have been achieved by those EU Member States that use the systemic approach to CSR development. In these countries, responsible state structures have been formed that coordinate work in all areas. The approach to the choice of instruments is individual and is selected taking into account the priorities of the country’s socio-economic development and the importance of economic, environmental, and social aspects. An example of Great Britain, France, Belgium, Estonia, and Spain shows the possibility of successful CSR development.
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Antonov, S. A. "The influence of moral and ethical aspects on the organisation’s economic security." Vestnik Universiteta, no. 2 (April 5, 2022): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2022-2-177-182.
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The modern features of the moral and ethical values implementation in the individual’s and society’s economic life have been considered. The negative consequences of the moral norms current system in economic relations and the difficulties of taking into account the activity’s ethical aspects have been revealed. The economic life key problems of a part of modern society have been indicated, namely: “goals substitution by means” and “absolute norms loss”, which gradually turns the humanity’s life into an instinctive struggle of living organisms for the goods consumption. In conclusion, attention has been paid to the need to organise axiological studies of the Russian economic life and foreign countries in order to increase the economic security level of organisational and managerial solutions to the national economy problems.
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Nifaeva, O. "Moral and Ethical Capital: The Problems of Evaluation." World Economy and International Relations, no. 8 (2014): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2014-8-25-33.
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The nature of economic relations directly depends on moral and ethical features of the economic agents. At this moment Russia has got a unique opportunity to build a civilized model of economy by adjusting the moral and ethical features of the economic agents. The author presents a three-level structure of the moral and ethical features of individuals. Each level (material, intellectual and social) is determined by the features such as diligence, frugality, intelligence, initiativeness, honesty, trust, responsibility, humanness, patriotism. The peculiarity of the civilized model of economy is a commitment to balance the different social groups’ interests. The different moral and ethical features form human and social capital of the individual or the society as a whole. In particular the elements of the material level in the structure of the moral and ethical features of the economic agents form labor capital (as a desire and ability to work) and health capital (health and health preserving behaviour). Intellectual level of moral and ethical features (intelligence, initiativeness, creativity) generate intellectual capital. Social capital is based on social features: honesty, trust, responsibility, humanness, patriotism. Labor, health and intellectual capital are considered to be the elements of human capital. Human and social types of capital constitute moral and ethical capital of the economic agents as the key resource of civilized economy. This type of capital can be defined as unlimited, synergetic and able to influence on other economic resources efficiency. On the basis of analysis of economic efficiency indicators evolution the article suggests the methodology of moral and ethical capital evaluating by summarizing absolute economic losses of its misuse. Consideration of types of capital classification and of the structure of moral and ethical capital enables author to suggest recommendations on how to increase the definite elements of moral and ethical capital of the Russian society by means of government social, economic and institutional policy.
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Parent, Bea. "Moral, ethical, and legal aspects of infection control." American Journal of Infection Control 13, no. 6 (December 1985): 278–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0196-6553(85)90030-6.
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Stambakiyev, Nurzhan. "Religious-ethical Framework of Islamic Economics." Adam alemi 88, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.48010/2021.2/1999-5849.16.
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The article studies relation between ethics and economics to what role moral and economic principles play in Islamic economics. The article includes introduction, two sections and conclusion. The first section discusses a relation between ethical norms and economics. We attempted to critically analyze moral and ethical norms proposed by the western economists such as Jean-Baptiste Say, Leon Walras, Alfred Marshal in XIX century. Muslim social scientist Ibn Khaldun and French thinker Jean-Jacques Rousseau proposed not to consider an individual only as economic unit but develop his other aspects and potential as part of their economic research. The second section considers how far ethical norms of Islamic economics were researched. The article emphasizes that norms and principles of Islamic economics derive from Quran and Sunnah, researches ethics of those economic principles. To be exact, we will determine that Islamic economics is based on fair trading, economic equality, property protection and scrutinize each that aspect. The research results will prove that moral and ethical norms play a crucial role in general economic science, ethical norms of Islamic economics consist an integral part of economic decisions and actions.
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Lang, P. P. "Human rights activities: legal and moral aspects." Juridical Journal of Samara University 7, no. 2 (October 19, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2021-7-2-14-20.
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The article considers human rights activities as a phenomenon that constitutes an integral part of the legal society. It identifies problems of a theoretical and practical nature associated with difficulties in this area, caused by both the COVID-19 pandemic and other reasons. An attempt has been made to assess the legal and moral and ethical aspects of such a necessary activity at the present stage of the development of public relations, attention is paid to the position of international bodies regarding human rights activities, its goals and objectives. The importance and relevance of the topic is explained by the fact that, in the opinion of human rights defenders themselves, the entire system of human rights protection, created after one of the most terrible periods in modern world history, is going through a crisis at this historical stage, which is increasingly aggravated under the influence of numerous problems of political and economic nature. Military conflicts, migration, a pandemic clearly demonstrate the obvious need to address the issue of the essence of human rights activities, including its moral and ethical component.
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Petrosyan, D., and N. Fatkina. "Ethical Principles in Russia’s Social and Economic Policy." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2008): 122–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2008-2-122-132.
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The role and place of the ethical approach in Russia’s social and economic policy are shown; ethical aspects of economic policy are considered; basic ethical principles which should be taken into account in the process of development of social and economic policy are offered. Ethical requirements to such basic directions of state economic policy as fiscal and price policy, labor policy, social policy, institutional policy, etc. are described.
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Biewald, Anne, Martin Kowarsch, Hermann Lotze-Campen, and Dieter Gerten. "Ethical aspects in the economic modeling of water policy options." Global Environmental Change 30 (January 2015): 80–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2014.11.001.
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Gazzard, B. G. "AIDS a Moral Issue -- Ethical, Legal and Social Aspects." Journal of Medical Ethics 18, no. 1 (March 1, 1992): 51–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jme.18.1.51-a.
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Miller, Franklin G. "Research Ethics and Misguided Moral Intuition." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 1 (2004): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00455.x.
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The term therapeutic misconception was coined by Paul Appelbaum and his colleagues to describe the tendency of patients enrolled in clinical trials to confuse research participation with the personal clinical attention characteristic of medical care. It has not been recognized that an analogous therapeutic misconception pervades ethical thinking about clinical research with patient-subjects. Investigators and bioethicists often judge the ethics of clinical research based on ethical standards appropriate to the physician-patient relationship in therapeutic medicine. This ethical approach to clinical research constitutes a misconception because it fails to appreciate the ethically significant differences between clinical research and clinical care.In this article I argue that the assumption that the ethical principles governing the practice of therapeutic medicine should also apply to clinical research with patient- subjects produces incoherence in research ethics and erroneous guidance concerning certain controversial research designs.
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Morozova, A. A. "V.S. Solovyov on the Correlation between Economy and Morality: Modern Aspects." Solov’evskie issledovaniya, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 38–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.17588/2076-9210.2021.4.038-053.
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The processes of the development of a market economy, entailing the commercialization in all spheres of social life, raise the question of the correlation between the role of human beings as economic subjects and our role as moral beings. In economics, this this issue is associated with the discussion about the way norms pervade economic theory, expressed in the dichotomy between holistic and individualistic methods. The scope of the influence of governmental bodies and large corporate structures on the socio-economic, cultural and natural environment highlights the philosophical problem of applying moral criteria to collective economic actors, which is reflected in the concept of corporate social responsibility (CSR). The author, in this paper, opines that the question of introducing ethical principles into economic practice cannot be entirely resolved within the framework of economic theory and requires an appeal to moral philosophy. The problem of the correlation between the economic and the moral spheres is considered on the basis of V.S. Solovyov’s work “The Justification of the Good”. The principal economic ideas stated in this work are discussed in the context of assessments by past and present researchers, of economic history, and of philosophical and economic-managerial conceptions. The author presents a comparative analysis of V.S. Solovyov’s ideas about the correlation between economics and morality and the principal ideas behind corporate social responsibility. The author reveals axiological and teleological differences between the two conceptions. Whereas V.S. Solovyov deals with moral and religious categories and notions of progress, the concept of corporate social responsibility is based on economic and legal priorities and is focused on sustainable development. At the same time, the similarities identified between the concepts (such as their complex nature, the acknowledgement of the role of moral principles of the economic participants, the importance of environmental issues and legal regulators) lead us to conclude about the possibility of their further convergence and the surmounting of the limitations of corporate social responsibility based on the teachings of V.S. Solovyov.
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Anastas, Paul T., and Julie B. Zimmerman. "The periodic table of the elements of green and sustainable chemistry." Green Chemistry 21, no. 24 (2019): 6545–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9gc01293a.
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Achieving a sustainable future will only be possible through the intersection of the best science and technology in combination with the societal, economic, policy, cultural, moral, and ethical ecosystem.
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Hofmann, Bjørn Morten. "Why ethics should be part of health technology assessment." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 24, no. 04 (October 2008): 423–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462308080550.
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From the heydays of HTA in the 1970s, it has been argued that ethics should be a part of HTA. Despite more than 30 years with repeated intentions, only few HTA reports include ethical analysis, and there is little agreement on methods for integrating ethics. This poses the question of why it is so important to integrate ethics in HTA? The article analyzes ten arguments for making ethics part of HTA. The validity of the arguments depend on what we mean by “integrating,” “ethics,” and “HTA.” Some of the counterarguments explain why it has taken so long to integrate ethics in HTA and why there are so many ethical approaches. Nevertheless, some of the arguments for making ethics part of HTA appear to be compelling. Health care is a moral endeavor, and the vast potential of technology poses complex moral challenges. A thorough assessment of technology would include reflection on these moral aspects. Ethics provides such a moral reflection. Health technology is a way to improve the life of human individuals. This involves questions of what “the good life” is, and hence ethical issues. Trying to ignore such questions may inflict with the moral foundation of health care: to help people. Additionally, HTA is anevaluation, and as such also a reflection on values. Hence, there is a profound affinity between HTA and ethics. Accordingly, ethics cannot be “integrated” in HTA as ethics is already a constitutive part of HTA. However, ethics can be acknowledged and emphasized.
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Robertson, John. "Crossing the Ethical Chasm: Embryo Status and Moral Complicity." American Journal of Bioethics 2, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 33–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152651602317267817.
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Berglund, Christer. "Burning in Moral, Drowning in Rationality? Ethical Considerations in Forming Environmental Policy." Minerals & Energy - Raw Materials Report 20, no. 1 (June 2005): 16–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14041040510033851.
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Koplin, Julian J., and Julian Savulescu. "Moral Limits of Brain Organoid Research." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 47, no. 4 (2019): 760–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073110519897789.
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Brain organoid research raises ethical challenges not seen in other forms of stem cell research. Given that brain organoids partially recapitulate the development of the human brain, it is plausible that brain organoids could one day attain consciousness and perhaps even higher cognitive abilities. Brain organoid research therefore raises difficult questions about these organoids' moral status – questions that currently fall outside the scope of existing regulations and guidelines. This paper shows how these gaps can be addressed. We outline a moral framework for brain organoid research that can address the relevant ethical concerns without unduly impeding this important area of research.
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MAXWELL, BRUCE, and ERIC RACINE. "Should Empathic Development Be a Priority in Biomedical Ethics Teaching? A Critical Perspective." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 19, no. 4 (August 18, 2010): 433–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180110000320.
Full textAbstract:
Biomedical ethics is an essential part of the medical curriculum because it is thought to enrich moral reflection and conduce to ethical decisionmaking and ethical behavior. In recent years, however, the received idea that competency in moral reasoning leads to moral responsibility “in the field” has been the subject of sustained attention. Today, moral education and development research widely recognize moral reasoning as being but one among at least four distinguishable dimensions of psychological moral functioning alongside moral motivation, moral character, and moral sensitivity. In a reflection of this framework, medical educators and curriculum planners repeatedly advance the idea that educators should be concerned with supporting empathy, and this, very often, as a means of improving on and broadening medical ethics education’s traditional focus on moral reasoning.