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Journal articles on the topic 'Moral and ethical aspects of Psychology'
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1
DOBRE, Cristian. "War Psychology and the Military Moral Dilemmas." Romanian Military Thinking 2022, no. 4 (December 2022): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/rmt.2022.4.17.
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"The article presents one of the most significant psychological aspects experienced by the military during their operations – ethics and morality. Thus, it dives deeper into the idea of “war psychology”, to then analyse the biggest ethical and moral dilemmas of the military during battle. Far from exhausting the subject, the article wants to draw attention to the fact that, in the end, the military is still human, and in the absence of adequate preparation for combat and adequate post-action psychological support at the end of the conflict, moral wounds can appear, which, most of the time, are as painful and devastating as the physical ones."
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Joyner, LoraKim. "Ethical considerations in wildlife medicine." Wildlife Rehabilitation Bulletin 39, no. 1 (May 31, 2022): 36–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53607/wrb.v39.248.
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Component wildlife ethics includes two aspects: an understanding of ethical principles and skills in ethical deliberation. Ethical principles reviewed here include utilitarianism, deontological ethics, environmentalism or respect for nature, virtue ethics, relational ethics, care ethics and reverence for life ethics. Other processes and tools that take into account human sociology, behaviour and subconscious functioning in moral decision-making include conservation psychology, narrative ethics, socioscience, listening and communication skills, and needs-based ethics. We also take into account non-human functioning such as welfare science, conservation behaviour and cognitive ethology. Incorporating these tools and instituting ethical practices and programs within our wildlife and conservation management plans and organizations improve our ability to care for ourselves, other humans, wildlife and ecosystems.
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Et al., Phrakhru Thamrongwongvisut (Theerasak Phuangpool). "Roles of Buddhist Monks in Moral Development following Sufficiency Economy Philosophy." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 3742–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1375.
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The purpose of this article was to propose a model of moral and ethical development according to the philosophy of sufficiency economy. Documentary study was used by studying the role of Buddhist monks and analyzing the consistency of morality, ethics, and philosophy of sufficiency economy consisted of modesty, rationality, and immunity that based on the conditions of knowledge and morality. Results indicated that the guidelines for moral development began with the development of education in order to provide people with knowledge with various abilities, and also apply the aforementioned knowledge to occupations building well-being for yourself and your family. For moral and ethical development, it is very important aspect for social development. Considering with the current situation in Thai society, it can be seen that the chaos of Thai society today is mainly due to the lack of moral and ethical lifestyle. Therefore, moral and ethical development must know how to improve oneself to be people with sufficient knowledge, and be a person who spends sufficiently on education, a person with good physical health and mental health, and be a learner who know how to solve problems, and know how to think reasonably. There are five aspects in a model of moral and ethical development consisted of education, Dhamma propagation, social welfare, inherit culture, promote and preserve environment. There are two important principles for the maximum benefit which are virtues for a good household life, and virtues conducive to growth in wisdom.
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Миславская and N. Mislavskaya. "Psychological Aspects in Professional Activities of an Accountant." Auditor 2, no. 6 (June 27, 2016): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/20318.
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The article focuses on the determinants of the psychology of the professional activities of accountants and causes
of professional psychological deformation of the person. The main problems of moral and ethical character of modern
society are identified.
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Koniaieva, L. "SPIRITUAL AND MORAL ASPECTS OF PROFESSIONAL SOCIALIZATION OF PSYCHOLOGY STUDENTS." Psychology and Personality, no. 1 (May 20, 2021): 196–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.33989/2226-4078.2021.1.227233.
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The article highlights the actual problem of spiritual and moral aspects of professional socialization of modern student youth, and in particular psychology students. The concepts of professional socialization, morality, spirituality are analyzed. The materialistic and religious points of view in understanding spirituality are considered.
It was found that student youth is in the most intensive phase of socialization, which is associated with studying at a higher educational institution, and the important factors of professional socialization of students are the motivation and moral orientation of the individual, professional worldview, the values of professional activities of specialists and the system of value orientations. A theoretical analysis of the literature has shown that value orientations are a spiritual phenomenon, the essential basis of a person, a mechanism for self-organization of her spiritual world, and a person's moral self-determination is closely related to the level of his spiritual development. The connection of universal human moral values with personal and professional is the driving force behind the development of a specialist, and the conscious development of value orientations in students and the purposeful formation of spiritual and moral values in them are necessary for their successful professional socialization.
The profession of a psychologist requires increased attention to the moral side of the functions performed, since his professional activity is directly related to interaction with people, influence on their inner world. Therefore, the ethics of his work is based on universal human moral values. In the professional activity of a psychologist, the main ones are the ideals of the free and all-round development of the personality and its respect, the rapprochement of people and a pronounced orientation towards the value of another person. Therefore, spiritual and moral development is a priority in the process of professional socialization of psychology students, during which special attention should be paid to the formation of the moral self-concept of personality, virtues, empathy, self-esteem and the assimilation of moral values of the professional activity of psychologists, taking into account their ethical code.
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Kang, Lei, Ying Qiu, Tie Zheng, and Anne Rubienska. "Courage to Trust–Discussion of Moral Personality Built on the Confucian Ethics." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2015.2.2.
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The value of Xin can find its origin in the Analects and other works by Confucius. Taking the perspectives from ethics and social psychology, pills this research aims to probe possible psychological basis for the value of Xin and discuss it from two aspects extracted from the Analects, i.e. being trustworthy and being able to trust. However, among Confucian ethics, the significance of the value of Xin is somehow underestimated, especially the willingness and ability to trust others. The discussion of Confucian ethical value of Xin focuses on the fusion and fission processes of turning the value of Xin into moral trait and behaviour, and extends into the development of moral personality. The fusion process of incorporating credibility into self and the fission process of transmitting trust into otherness reflect the importance of social interaction and learning experience in forming moral personality, as Confucius used to emphasized in his teaching. The driving force of these processes and the connection between ethical values and moral personality is the courage to be trusting, as well as trusty. A moral personality characterized by the courage to trust echoes the courage to connect self to others, which is enhanced by the effectively formed and activated schema of trust. Bringing Confucian ethics in the light of personality psychology, this multidisciplinary study may provide a new perspective to examine moral behaviour by unveiling the psychological link between ethical values and moral personality, which is the courage to be connected to others, i.e. the courage to trust.
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Kang, Lei, Ying Qiu, Tie Zheng, and Anne Rubienska. "Courage to Trust–Discussion of Moral Personality Built on the Confucian Ethics." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 6, no. 2 (September 1, 2015): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746//eip.2015.2.2.
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The value of Xin can find its origin in the Analects and other works by Confucius. Taking the perspectives from ethics and social psychology, pills this research aims to probe possible psychological basis for the value of Xin and discuss it from two aspects extracted from the Analects, i.e. being trustworthy and being able to trust. However, among Confucian ethics, the significance of the value of Xin is somehow underestimated, especially the willingness and ability to trust others. The discussion of Confucian ethical value of Xin focuses on the fusion and fission processes of turning the value of Xin into moral trait and behaviour, and extends into the development of moral personality. The fusion process of incorporating credibility into self and the fission process of transmitting trust into otherness reflect the importance of social interaction and learning experience in forming moral personality, as Confucius used to emphasized in his teaching. The driving force of these processes and the connection between ethical values and moral personality is the courage to be trusting, as well as trusty. A moral personality characterized by the courage to trust echoes the courage to connect self to others, which is enhanced by the effectively formed and activated schema of trust. Bringing Confucian ethics in the light of personality psychology, this multidisciplinary study may provide a new perspective to examine moral behaviour by unveiling the psychological link between ethical values and moral personality, which is the courage to be connected to others, i.e. the courage to trust.
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Murphy, James Bernard. "Practical Reason and Moral Psychology in Aristotle and Kant." Social Philosophy and Policy 18, no. 2 (2001): 257–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052500002983.
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For a long time, it seemed that Aristotelians and Kantians had little to say to each other. When Kant the moralist was known in the English-speaking world primarily from his Groundwork and his Critique of Practical Reason, Kant's conceptual vocabulary of “duty,” “law,” “maxim,” and “morality” appeared quite foreign to Aristotle's “virtue,” “end,” “good,” and “character.” Yet ever since philosopher Mary Gregor's Laws of Freedom, published in 1963, made Kant's The Metaphysics of Morals central to the interpretation of his ethical thought, it has become clear that such “Aristotelian” terms as virtue, end, good, happiness, and character are also central to Kant. Aristotelians and Kantians now see that they have plenty to say to each other, and they have gone from being adversaries to sharing a sometimes unprincipled urge to merge central aspects of Aristotle's and Kant's ethical thought.
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Lunt, Peter. "Virtue Ethics and Social Psychology." History & Philosophy of Psychology 7, no. 1 (2005): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2005.7.1.12.
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Virtue ethics has emerged as an alternative to deontological and utilitarian theory in recent moral philosophy. The basic notion of virtue ethics is to reassert the importance of virtuous character in ethical judgement in contrast to the emphasis on principles and consequences. Since questions of virtue have been largely neglected in modern moral theory, there has been a return to Aristotle’s account of virtue as character. This in turn has been questioned as the basis of virtue ethics and there has been a search for alternative accounts of moral agency. One aspect of this critical reflection on virtue ethics is an engagement with social psychology as a source of criticism of the Aristotelian conception of character and as a more plausible alternative foundation for a theory of moral character with contemporary relevance. This paper aims to introduce this area of moral theory to a psychological audience and reflect on the interpretation of social psychological theory and evidence in criticisms of virtuous character, focusing on the use of Milgram’s (1974) experiments on obedience to authority as an argument for situationism. A number of questions emerge concerning the interpretation and use of social psychological theory and evidence in debates within moral philosophy.
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Marinsah, Syamsul Azizul, Habibah @. Artini Ramlie, Mohd Nur Hidayat Hasbollah Hajimin, and Irma Wani Othman. "SIGNIFICANT PHILOSOPHY AND CONTEMPORARY COURSE IN THE FORMATION OF AKHLAK AND MORALS AT UNIVERSITY OF MALAYSIA SABAH." International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling 7, no. 45 (March 15, 2022): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.745010.
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The Philosophy and Contemporary Issues (FIS) course is one of the generic courses that must be taken by students in all Malaysian HEIs starting from the 2019/2020 intake session. Accordingly, the implementation of FIS courses at the level of institutions of higher learning is very significant and relevant in the context of today's world which is increasingly acute, especially in the aspects of human morality and ethics. Due to the abandonment of this course, the aspirations of the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE) in the formation of holistic human capital and personality formation of all institute of higher learning students have not been achieved. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the elements of moral and ethical formation in the study modules of FIS courses implemented at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). This study is included in a qualitative study. Thus, this study uses a document analysis design consisting of FIS modules, journals and reviews of articles related to moral and ethical formation. The findings of the study revealed that there are several elements that can contribute towards the formation of morals and ethics in the learning modules of FIS courses offered at Universiti Malaysia Sabah, namely psychology and sociology, religious philosophy and ethical philosophy.
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Midgen, Tara. "(Un)Ethical leadership: What can Educational Psychology Services learn?" Educational and Child Psychology 32, no. 4 (December 2015): 81–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpsecp.2015.32.4.81.
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Aims:This paper reviews published literature on ethical and unethical leadership and makes some comparisons with ethical codes of conduct. It considers the relevance of the constructs of ethical and unethical leadership for educational psychology leaders, managers and practitioners working within today’s climate of traded educational psychology services. Similarities and differences between cultures and across private and public sector organisations are discussed and lessons that can be learned from the research literature are highlighted (with a particular focus on the limited research on unethical leadership).Method/Rationale:Literature searches were conducted using the key concepts ethical leadership and unethical leadership in the search engines PsychInfo and Embase. Selected studies were included for review if ethical or unethical leadership was a key concept of the research and/or aspects of unethical leadership were a topic focus for the research.Findings:The following individual and contextual factors were found to be potential contributors to ethical and unethical leadership: the moral character of leaders, the cultural values of society and organisations, the ethical interests of stakeholders both inside and outside an organisation, the ethical behaviour of the peer group, and systems for dealing with unethical conduct.Limitations:Many studies were drawn from The Leadership Quarterly and The Journal of Business Ethics. It is recognised that there are other business journals likely to include business ethics literature, which were not available to the author.Conclusions:The current context of some educational psychology services poses risks for ethical (including financial) misconduct. All educational psychologists have a responsibility to minimise these risks.
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Keyko, Kacey. "Work engagement in nursing practice." Nursing Ethics 21, no. 8 (April 8, 2014): 879–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014523167.
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The concept of work engagement has existed in business and psychology literature for some time. There is a significant body of research that positively correlates work engagement with organizational outcomes. To date, the interest in the work engagement of nurses has primarily been related to these organizational outcomes. However, the value of work engagement in nursing practice is not only an issue of organizational interest, but of ethical interest. The dialogue on work engagement in nursing must expand to include the ethical importance of engagement. The relational nature of work engagement and the multiple levels of influence on nurses’ work engagement make a relational ethics approach to work engagement in nursing appropriate and necessary. Within a relational ethics perspective, it is evident that work engagement enables nurses to have meaningful relationships in their work and subsequently deliver ethical care. In this article, I argue that work engagement is essential for ethical nursing practice. If engagement is essential for ethical nursing practice, the environmental and organizational factors that influence work engagement must be closely examined to pursue the creation of moral communities within healthcare environments.
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Hill, Gloria, and H. Lee Swanson. "Construct Validity and Reliability of the Ethical Behavior Rating Scale." Educational and Psychological Measurement 45, no. 2 (July 1985): 285–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001316448504500212.
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Based on data from 139 adolescents, results of a factor and correlational analyses of the Ethical Behavior Rating Scale are reported. Reliability coefficients were obtained from a test-retest method and estimates of internal consistence. Construct validity was determined by correlating the rating scale with test items from the Ethical Reasoning Inventory. Two factors (moral character and verbal/moral assertiveness) were derived from the varimax rotated matrix. The results suggest that the rating scale reflects the behavioral aspects of moral reasoning.
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DOBRE, Cristian. "Psihologia de război și dilemele morale ale militarului." Gândirea Militară Românească 2022, no. 4 (December 2022): 294–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.55535/gmr.2022.3.17.
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"The article presents one of the most significant psychological aspects experienced by the military during their operations – ethics and morality. Thus, it dives deeper into the idea of “war psychology”, to then analyse the biggest ethical and moral dilemmas of the military during battle. Far from exhausting the subject, the article wants to draw attention to the fact that, in the end, the military is still human, and in the absence of adequate preparation for combat and adequate post-action psychological support at the end of the conflict, moral wounds can appear, which, most of the time, are as painful and devastating as the physical ones."
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Sgarlata, Sara, Alicja Dłużewicz, and Karolina Napiwodzka. "Ars Moriendi. Ethical Challenges of the Ultimate Realities of Life." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 13, no. 2 (December 23, 2022): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2022.2.1.
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The aim of this issue of Ethics in Progress is to provide a provisional, open-ended view on the ultimate realities of life and the ethical challenges they pose in medical, sociological, and existential contexts. The issue explores axiologies and meta-ethical narratives related to the art of dying, or in other words the moral domain encompassing the quest for a good life and a good death. Two problematic aspects emerge from the latest body of research: (1) the difficulty involved in tackling ethical challenges in medical and sociological contexts; and (2) the marginal role of the patient’s agency and narrative-ownership of end-of-life decision-making. A direction is pointed out that suggests that interventions across interdisciplinary groups involved in medical aid to dying should focus on promoting ethical behaviour on the side of healthcare personnel. Finally, attention to language, discourse, communication, and the narratives of death and dying call this edition of Ethics in Progress to examine the ontological and epistemological categories that underlie the study of lifeworlds and ‘discourse communities’, which are those associated with moral agents interlacing historical motives, language, communication, normative beliefs, social norms and roles, power relations, hard clinical evidence, and contested values in the context of medical practices and, broadly speaking, practices surrounding death.
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Zhalmurzin, Rustam Bulatovich. "The concept «ethical responsibility of the penal system employee»: a pedagogical aspect." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 321–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021101307.
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The paper substantiates the importance of ethical responsibility of the penal system employee in the context of his professional activities. It is substantiated that moral choice is common to ethics, psychology and pedagogy in the understanding of responsibility: moral choice as an ethical category, psychological mechanisms for making a choice, formation of ethical responsibility for choice. The status of responsibility is concretized within the framework of the concept ethical responsibility of the penal system employee. The paper analyzes this concept at the ethical (description of the content in the categories of ethics), psychological (defining the mechanisms for such responsibility formation) and pedagogical (disclosing the content in the context of pedagogical knowledge) levels. The author proves that the responsibility in general and the ethical responsibility of the penal system employee in particular can be considered both a value and a personal quality. It is substantiated that the ethical responsibility of the penal system employee is a systemic personal formation that has a value as a set of relations of the penal system employee (to professional activity, to people involved in the sphere of his professional activity, to himself as a subject of such activity), implemented in his activities through personal qualities that determine the implementation by the penal system employee of a moral choice in the process of professional activity and form the content of ethical responsibility as a personal quality. The content of the ethical responsibility of the penal system employee is revealed through the attraction of the values duty, dignity, honor, good, virtue, justice, freedom, conscience and personal qualities perseverance, efficiency, organization, exactingness, obligation, initiative
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Viens, A. M. "Addiction, Responsibility and Moral Psychology." American Journal of Bioethics 7, no. 1 (February 2007): 17–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15265160601064033.
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Parmeeva, V. ,. "Cultural and Ethnic Features of Tatars People’s Experiences in Extreme Situations." Bulletin of Science and Practice 6, no. 7 (June 15, 2020): 323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/56/39.
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In this article a theoretical analysis of the cultural and ethnic characteristics of the Tatar ethnic group was carried out. Such aspects as: peculiarities of moral and ethical foundations of interaction in culture, gender norms, traditions of child-parental relations, psychology of ethnos, features of grief are considered. Based on this analysis an assumption was made about the behavior of the Tatar ethnic group and experiences in extreme situations.
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Mattingly, Cheryl. "Love’s Imperfection." Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society 39, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 53–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30676/jfas.124708.
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This paper concerns friendship as an aspect of family love and its fragilities. I explore love as an on-going ethical demand and problem in family life, one that can present continual obstacles to the ability to continue as a family. I also look at intra-family friendship as a means for addressing such threats. Drawing upon long-term fieldwork among African American families caring for children with chronic illnesses and disabilities (Mattingly 2010a), I explore a situation faced by one of these families when a household accident badly injures one of the children. Although I examine a family rupture, I part company with the widely held view in anthropology that the properly moral (or ethical) needs to be radically contrasted with the ordinary. Rather, I argue that the ordinary can provide resources for what Stanley Cavell calls ‘moral transcendence’.
Keywords: ethics, anthropology of morality, Cavell, kinship, love, friendship,moral psychology
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Landeweer, Elleke GM, Tineke A. Abma, and Guy AM Widdershoven. "Moral margins concerning the use of coercion in psychiatry." Nursing Ethics 18, no. 3 (May 2011): 304–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733011400301.
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In the closed wards of mental health institutions, moral decisions are made concerning the use of forced seclusion. In this article we focus on how these moral decisions are made and can be improved. We present a case study concerning moral deliberations on the use of seclusion and its prevention among nurses of a closed mental health ward. Moral psychology provides an explanation of how moral judgments are developed through processes of interaction. We will make use of the Social Intuitionist Model of Jonathan Haidt that emphasizes the role of emotions, intuitions and the social context in moral judgments and reasoning. We argue that this model can help to explain social dynamics in the context of enforced seclusion. In the discussion we explore how moral psychology can be complemented with the normative perspective of dialogical ethics to develop strategies for improving psychiatric practices. We conclude that social processes play an important role in moral deliberations and that moral development can be fostered by bringing in new perspectives in the dialogue. Moral case deliberation provides a practical tool to systematically organize moral reflections among nurses on the work floor.
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Hrytsiv, Vitaliia. "Ensuring the professional and ethical orientation of the personality of a future specialist in banking." Scientific visnyk V.O. Sukhomlynskyi Mykolaiv National University. Pedagogical Sciences 65, no. 2 (2019): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.33310/2518-7813-2019-65-2-74-78.
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The article highlights theoretical aspects of the professional and ethical orientation of the personality of a future specialist in banking. The author consistently examines the key concepts of the problem under study and defines the relationship between them. On the basis of this, specification of the professional and ethical orientation of the personality of a future specialist in the industry has been disclosed. It is shown that the professional and ethical orientation of the personality of a specialist in banking is strengthening of his/her positive attitude towards the future profession, interests, inclinations and abilities to it, the desire to improve his/her qualifications, the development of ideals, views, beliefs about the importance of following the ethical norms in professional activity. The author considers the need to increase the interest of students in studying the problems of professional ethics by means of potential of the educational process. The content of educational materials, a review of literature on the topic, the emphasis on the practical significance of the material and its importance for the profession are determined as important aspects for achieving set goals. It is pointed out that the basis of professional and ethical knowledge is the knowledge acquired in the study of such disciplines as «Ethics and Aesthetics», «Ethics of business communication», «Psychology of business success». The necessity to combine the material of the Humanities with the current problems of banking and the life aspirations of students and to help them to determine their value orientations, to enrich their moral personality potential has been noted in the article. According to the author the professional interest acquired by the students should have special personal content, related to their daily life and future life prospects. In order to do this, it is important to emphasize the importance of professional and ethical knowledge in the activities of the banking industry, to reveal its entirety with the ethical content of the chosen profession at the announcement of the topic at each class.
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Earp, Brian D., Jonathan Lewis, Vilius Dranseika, and Ivar R. Hannikainen. "Experimental philosophical bioethics and normative inference." Theoretical Medicine and Bioethics 42, no. 3-4 (August 2021): 91–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11017-021-09546-z.
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AbstractThis paper explores an emerging sub-field of both empirical bioethics and experimental philosophy, which has been called “experimental philosophical bioethics” (bioxphi). As an empirical discipline, bioxphi adopts the methods of experimental moral psychology and cognitive science; it does so to make sense of the eliciting factors and underlying cognitive processes that shape people’s moral judgments, particularly about real-world matters of bioethical concern. Yet, as a normative discipline situated within the broader field of bioethics, it also aims to contribute to substantive ethical questions about what should be done in a given context. What are some of the ways in which this aim has been pursued? In this paper, we employ a case study approach to examine and critically evaluate four strategies from the recent literature by which scholars in bioxphi have leveraged empirical data in the service of normative arguments.
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Sugarman, Jeremy. "The Future of Empirical Research in Bioethics." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 32, no. 2 (2004): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2004.tb00469.x.
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Empirical research in bioethics can be defined as the application of research methods in the social sciences (such as anthropology, epidemiology, psychology, and sociology) to the direct examination of issues in [bioethics]. As such, empirical work is a form of descriptive ethics, focused on describing a particular state of affairs that has some moral or ethical relevance. For example, empirical research can help to describe cultural beliefs about the appropriateness of providing health-related information, such as the diagnosis of a life-threatening illness, which informs deliberations about the extent to which it is morally important for clinicians to provide comprehensive information to patients in different cultural contexts. Similarly, empirical research can delineate popular attitudes and experiences related to contentious issues such as abortion, cloning, stem-cell research, and physician-assisted suicide to enlighten discussions and policy formulations regarding them.
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Cervantes, José-Antonio, Luis-Felipe Rodríguez, Sonia López, Félix Ramos, and Francisco Robles. "Cognitive Process of Moral Decision-Making for Autonomous Agents." International Journal of Software Science and Computational Intelligence 5, no. 4 (October 2013): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssci.2013100105.
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There are a great variety of theoretical models of cognition whose main purpose is to explain the inner workings of the human brain. Researchers from areas such as neuroscience, psychology, and physiology have proposed these models. Nevertheless, most of these models are based on empirical studies and on experiments with humans, primates, and rodents. In fields such as cognitive informatics and artificial intelligence, these cognitive models may be translated into computational implementations and incorporated into the architectures of intelligent autonomous agents (AAs). Thus, the main assumption in this work is that knowledge in those fields can be used as a design approach contributing to the development of intelligent systems capable of displaying very believable and human-like behaviors. Decision-Making (DM) is one of the most investigated and computationally implemented functions. The literature reports several computational models that enable AAs to make decisions that help achieve their personal goals and needs. However, most models disregard crucial aspects of human decision-making such as other agents' needs, ethical values, and social norms. In this paper, the authors present a set of criteria and mechanisms proposed to develop a biologically inspired computational model of Moral Decision-Making (MDM). To achieve a process of moral decision-making believable, the authors propose a cognitive function to determine the importance of each criterion based on the mood and emotional state of AAs, the main objective the model is to enable AAs to make decisions based on ethical and moral judgment.
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Gelfand, Scott D. "Using Insights from Applied Moral Psychology to Promote Ethical Behavior Among Engineering Students and Professional Engineers." Science and Engineering Ethics 22, no. 5 (November 12, 2015): 1513–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-015-9721-6.
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Agarwal, Swati, and Kanika T. Bhal. "A Multidimensional Measure of Responsible Leadership: Integrating Strategy and Ethics." Group & Organization Management 45, no. 5 (June 15, 2020): 637–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1059601120930140.
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Research on leadership generally discusses the normative and strategic perspectives of leadership separately. However, in the context of stakeholder theory and corporate sustainability, researchers and practitioners have called for the integration of these two seemingly disparate perspectives to create a hybrid leadership framework. In this regard, theoretical work on responsible leadership (RL) combines the disciplines of ethics and strategy to propose integrative behaviors. Nonetheless, RL mostly has been explored as a one-dimensional concept with stakeholder welfare as the focus. Although this aspect is salient, leaders must display other ethical and strategic behaviors to respond to the changing demands of business. Therefore, we combine such behaviors into one RL framework. Through a strategic lens, we define the first two dimensions of RL as sustainable growth focus and multistakeholder consideration. Furthermore, these goal-setting behaviors are looked upon as genuine when they depend on leaders’ ethical behaviors. Therefore, we consider ethical leadership to be an inherent part of RL through the dimensions of the moral person and moral manager. Across four quantitative studies, we test the construct validity of the suggested four-factor structure of RL as well as its ability to predict relevant organizational outcomes such as individual followers’ moral courage and citizenship behaviors toward stakeholders.
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Frey, William J. "Teaching Virtue: Pedagogical Implications of Moral Psychology." Science and Engineering Ethics 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 611–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11948-009-9164-z.
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CAVALIERE, GIULIA, KATRIEN DEVOLDER, and ALBERTO GIUBILINI. "Regulating Genome Editing: For an Enlightened Democratic Governance." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 28, no. 1 (December 20, 2018): 76–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180118000403.
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Abstract:How should we regulate genome editing in the face of persistent substantive disagreement about the moral status of this technology and its applications? In this paper, we aim to contribute to resolving this question. We first present two diametrically opposed possible approaches to the regulation of genome editing. A first approach, which we refer to as “elitist,” is inspired by Joshua Greene’s work in moral psychology. It aims to derive at an abstract theoretical level what preferences people would have if they were committed to implementing public policies regulating genome editing in a context of ethical pluralism. The second approach, which we refer to as the democratic approach, defended by Francoise Baylis and Sheila Jasanoff et al., emphasizes the importance of including the public’s expressed attitudes in the regulation of genome editing. After pointing out a serious shortcoming with each of these approaches, we propose our own favored approach—the “enlightened democracy” approach—which attempts to combine the strengths of the elitist and democratic approaches while avoiding their weaknesses.
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Stastna, Kamila. "The Impact of the Moral Foundations Arguments on Early Adolescents." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 95–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2021.1.8.
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The empirical research reported in this article is based on the Moral Foundations Theory proposed by J. Haidt. Objectives. The author examines the impact of moral foundations arguments on early adolescents’ moral judgments regarding violating moral rules and explores gender-related differences between moral foundations preferences. Method. The effect of moral foundations arguments was measured by a newly developed meta-ethical position test (MEPT). The MEPT consists of a pretest questionnaire, treatment by moral foundations arguments, and a posttest questionnaire. The sample contained 178 early adolescents from the Czech Republic (84 females and 94 males). The influence of the moral foundations arguments was analyzed by comparing the pretest with the posttest. Results. 91% of teenagers changed their moral judgment due to confrontations with the moral foundations arguments. A Wilcoxon signed-rank test found that the moral foundations arguments were significantly relevant, since the P-value was lower than 0.001. The Mann-Whitney U test revealed the importance of the gender aspect: P-value care equals 0.01 and liberty 0.01. Girls have a preference for care foundation (21% more than boys), while boys tended to liberty (27 % more than girls). It seems that moral foundations arguments strongly change early adolescents’ moral judgments and can be practically applied as a valuable platform for early adolescents’ moral development.
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Stadler, Jane. "“Mind the Gap”." Projections 12, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/proj.2018.120211.
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Murray Smith’s Film, Art, and the Third Culture makes a significant contribution to cognitive film theory and philosophical aesthetics, expanding the conceptual tools of film analysis to include perspectives from neuroscience and evolutionary psychology. Smith probes assumptions about how cinema affects spectators by examining aspects of experience and neurophysiological responses that are unavailable to conscious, systematic reflection. This article interrogates Smith’s account of emotion, empathy, and imagination in cinematic representation and film spectatorship, placing his work in dialogue with other recent interventions in the fields of cinema studies and embodied cognition. Smith’s contribution to understanding the role of emotion in screen studies is vital, and when read in conjunction with recent publications by Carl Plantinga and Mark Johnson on ethical engagement and the moral imagination, this new work constitutes a notable advance in film theory.
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Et al., Phramaha Padet Chirakulo. "A Model of High Efficient Academic Administration for Phrapariyatidhamma School." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 1558–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.946.
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The purposes of this research were 1) to study the state of area, high efficient academic administration of Phrapariyattidhamma school, 2) to develop and propose the high efficient academic administration of Phrapariyattidhamma school. The mixed research methods; quantitative research and quantitative research were used and research tools were interview form and questionnaires. Results indicated that 1) the status of academic administration in Phrapariyattidhamma schools, was at a high appropriate level in 5 aspects. 2) In development of high efficient academic administration, personnel consisting of administrators, teachers, staffs and student must be developed in 6 aspects: 1) The curriculum must be continuously adjusted according to community contexts. 2) A new body of knowledge must be created in teaching and learning system. 3) Media and instruments must be up-to-date and can be accessed unlimitedly. 4) Teachers and staffs must create teaching innovation and generate the knowledge to community. 5) Learning area must cover academic, career training and ways to live a life for every level of people. 6) Learning sources must support physical, mental, moral and ethical values of society. The form of high efficient academic administration consisted of 5 aspects in academic administration and 6 aspects of high efficient qualification as 5A 6Q Model.
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Stanak, Michal. "PP130 Nudging In Public Health: Accountability For Practical Wisdom." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462317002847.
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INTRODUCTION:Nudging is the application of behavioural sciences aimed at influencing behaviour in a non-prescriptive way. It is a tool of public health decision makers to produce health gain. Just like decisions in the field of Health Technology Assessment (HTA), nudging decisions are inevitably value laden. The current European Network for HTA (EUnetHTA) approach to evaluate ethical aspects encompasses mainly utilitarian and principlistic approaches. The aim of this project is to incorporate the virtue ethics approach in public health decision-making processes based on the example of nudging.METHODS:The narrative analysis of nudging is based on a systematic literature search conducted from 28 October to 13 November 2015 in the following databases: Medline via Ovid, Embase, and TRIP Database. A total of sixty-two articles were listed as relevant as a result of searches and, in addition, twenty-five more articles were found through hand searching.RESULTS:Regardless of the potential issues related to nudging (manipulation or coercion), nudging is considered cost-effective and inevitable because of the malleability of human psychology for example, alcoholic drinks served in smaller glasses nudge people to drink less alcohol.No policy intervention, nudging or HTA, is value neutral and hence it requires an ethical evaluation. It takes traits of character, virtues, to discern which principle to apply in what circumstances and phronesis, practical wisdom, is the key virtue of a decision maker. Phronesis is not a moral judgement deduced from principles, but it is context specific, bottom-up, action orientated, and framed through dialogues. It focuses on the agent, the decision maker, who, via the use public scrutiny, should be held accountable for phronetic decisions made.CONCLUSIONS:Nudging is a cost-effective tool that can improve the populations health in a non-prescriptive way. Transparent reporting open to public scrutiny is necessary for the sake of evaluating whether the decisions made were phronetic for it takes traits of character, virtues, to decide between competing moral principles.
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Bissell, Gavin. "Spencer’sPrinciples of Psychologyand the Decline of Utilitarian Premises in British psychology." History & Philosophy of Psychology 10, no. 1 (2008): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpshpp.2008.10.1.1.
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Despite the revival of interest in nineteenth century psychology and ethics in Britain during the 1980s, and the current debate around Utilitarian ethics in medicine (Buckle, 2005) and care (Offer, 2004), Utilitarian premises, understood as a psychological theory rather than as a moral philosophy, remain largely dormant in contemporary British Psychology. This is so despite their apparent survival in Behaviourism (Plaud & Vogeltanz, 1994).This article examines aspects of their decline within Victorian psychology, by focussing upon the relatively neglected psychological writings of Herbert Spencer. In doing so, it seeks to make a modest contribution to unravelling the complex changes in the nature of nineteenth-century psychology. In particular it is argued that, whilst some explanations of the decline of Utilitarian premises in the Victorian development of psychology focus upon the later part of the century and cultural or institutional factors, an examination of Spencer’s works at the mid-century supports the view that changes were under way earlier. Whilst several explanations might be offered for this, changes in economic organisation and in the experience of individual agency are highlighted.The relation between Utilitarian psychology and Utilitarian ethics will then be considered. Finally, at this stage it should be possible to comment upon the significance of the marginalization of Utilitarian premises within the development of Victorian psychology for the contemporary debate about health resource allocation.
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Curca, George Cristian, Iuliana Diac, Iuliana Dobrescu, Lucia-Emanuela Andrei, Mihaela Stancu, Florina Rad, Elena Stefanache, Simona Dragomirescu, and Georgia Francesca Culea. "Ethical Models in the Double Relationship Physician-Patient when Establishing Child Custody in Parental Divorce and Separation with Intense Conflictuality: Different Concepts for Physician and for Psychologist?" Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica 66, Special Issue (September 9, 2021): 57–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbbioethica.2021.spiss.31.
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"Introduction. Child custody judicial course usually are intense conflictual raising a lot of pressure both on adult parents as on children. Always require a forensic psychiatry set-up at the court request and a professional team, legal doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists of adult and children from the legal medicine institution and from the hospital. Children are carefully looked upon separately by psychologists in a special setu-up diregarding intruding and manipulation. Objective of this presentation is to identify ethical aspects of the relationship physician-patient (the adult parent and separate the child) and psychologist-patient (i.e. similar) in custody litigation. Material and methods. We have casuistry with a high diversity of parental alienation in child custody cases. Discussions: Does physicians (psychiatrist or legal doctor) and psychologists uses different ethical models and concepts to approache the adult parent or the child? Forensic psichiatry examinations are completed with psychiatry examination and psychology examination as much as documents examinations which are presented in the dossier. Social inquiry is very important. Conclusions: similar to physician-patient relationship in pediatry, psychologist-minor patient relationship is based on the same moral values and ethical principles: beneficence, nonmaleficence, justice, loialty, trust, mostly in a paternalistic model to sustain always the best interest of the child/children. Lack of autonomy of the minor child creates correlativity obligations to protect his rights and to sustain the best interests of the child as a primary consideration. Beneficence in forensic psychiatry may take into consideration maintaining also beneficial emotional relationships with both parents after the separation. "
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Artemeva, Olga Arkadjevna. "The history of psychology in solving the problem of the development and organization of domestic psychology." Психология и Психотехника, no. 2 (February 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0722.2022.2.37620.
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The subject of the author's scientific analysis is the theoretical and methodological foundations of modern historical and psychological research of the development and organization of domestic psychological science. The article substantiates the role of the history of psychology in the development of psychological knowledge and practice, determining the place of psychology in the life of modern man and society. A brief description of its cognitive, reflexive, axiological, social, organizational-scientific, integrative and prognostic functions, the function of stimulating the progressive development of psychological science is given. Based on the views of V.A. Koltsova, the object and subject of the history of psychology are determined. As the main direction of the historical and psychological search, the author suggests a systematic interdisciplinary study of the personal, social, subject-logical and procedural aspects of psychological cognition. Presents the preliminary results of a comprehensive study of the organization of the work of the first research teams of Soviet psychologists, conducted under her leadership using methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis of biographies of scientific supervisors and employees, data on their scientific activities and bibliographic analysis of lists of works. The author connects the possibilities of analyzing the activities of scientific collectives for the reconstruction of the history of Soviet psychology with the socialist orientation of scientific policy and the introduction of collective ways of organizing activities during this period. The data of the conducted historical and psychological research allow us to draw conclusions relevant to the organization of psychological science in modern Russia. In particular, about the importance of a supportive scientific policy, consideration by researchers of the social order in relation to psychology; practical orientation and continuity in the development of a research program, the dependence of the implementation of methodological guidelines of a leading scientist on the presence of a research team; about the importance of the availability of opportunities to realize the research potential of scientists in terms of teamwork, as well as organizational, mental, creative, pedagogical and moral and ethical abilities of the head of the research team.
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Livytska, Inna. "Modelling female narrative identity in the context of Victorian ethos." Vìsnik Marìupolʹsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu. Serìâ: Fìlologìâ 13, no. 22 (2020): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-3055-2020-13-22-45-51.
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The paper is devoted to applying semiotic methodology in modeling a female narrative identity of the Victorian epoch in cultural and historical context. Before modeling a female narrative identity, signs of feminine identity have been defined in the proper narrative. They are considered as the ways of self-identification, self-manifestation, and self-expression. For the analysis of the ethical qualities of the female narrative identity, the research was focused on the identification of semiotic codes of Victorian culture, with placing a moral code in its organizing center. The objective of the paper lies in finding the way how fictional narrative engages with the reader, and how written narrative discourse facilitates or inhibits the formation of narrative identity. The methodological framework for analyzing narrative identity constituted the works on identity theory, constructivist philosophy; the findings in cultural psychology in defining «self» and «identity». Semiotic modeling was applied to unveil some common tendencies in approaches towards the notions of «identity» and «self» in the Victorian novel by considering it an emergent entity, which appears during the interaction of the individual with the narrative on the way to construct the possible world as a probable state of facts. The ethical code of conduct and moral in the novels under consideration is combined with the techniques of the realistic method, which presupposed detailed and deep insights into the psychology of the main female characters, prompted by the systemic accentuation of the prominent psychological traits of women. In such a fashion, Victorian writers (Anne Bronte, Charlotte Bronte, and William Thackeray) developed mastery in psychological writing by widening the spectrum of narrative techniques concerning character’s psychology, different psychological traits of the characters, and their ethos. Therefore, Agnes Grey’s prominent character-forming center lies in her juvenile maximalism and engaging optimism, on the contrary to her mother, who is moved by a dominating desire of self-sacrifice for the sake of the well-being of the family and love to her husband. Rebecca Sharp in her turn has a central characteristic expressed by charming bright green eyes, which signify her readiness and determination for success to be wealthy. It has been stated, that Anne Bronte’s realistic modeling of the female destiny is based on the nuanced perception of the materiality of the reader, who in phenomenological way focuses on one aspect of the object and re-constructs the remaining aspects by his consciousness. This observation is consonant with the radical philosophy of enactivism and global semiotics in their attempt to correlate noetic and noematic levels of perception. Perspectives of further research are connected with research of this enactive process of world creation in the process of interaction with the narrative in the light of phenomenology and global semiotics.
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Csépe, Valéria. "Túl az etikán – a humán kutatások kockázatérzékenysége és pszichológiai aspektusai." Scientia et Securitas 2, no. 2 (October 10, 2021): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/112.2021.00059.
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Összefoglaló. A humán kutatások eredményeit bemutató közlemények számos adattal szolgálnak a megismerni kívánt jelenségre vonatkozóan. Általánosan elfogadott elvárás a vonatkozó etikai szabályok szigorú betartása, az előírt vizsgálati protokollok betartása. Az emberekkel végzett vizsgálatoknak azonban van egy olyan dimenziója, amelyre az etikai szabályok nem térnek ki, s amelyek a vizsgálati eredményeket, illetve azok reprezentativitását is befolyásolják. Ezek mindegyike a pszichológia vizsgálódási területéhez tartozik, legyen szó a pszichológiai kutatások etikai kérdéseiről, vagy az orvosbiológiai kutatások, orvosi beavatkozások, illetve azok elfogadásának pszichológiai aspektusairól. A tanulmány a pszichológia megváltozott etikai felfogásának rövid bemutatását követően a genetikai kutatások pszichológiai aspektusait és az egészség-magatartás kritikus kérdéseit elemzi. Az utóbbiak esetében a kockázatészlelés, valamint a bizalom, megbízhatóság pszichológiai modelljeiből kiindulva mutatja be az oltási hajlandóság és az oltásellenesség ismert pszichológiai faktorait. Summary. Publications presenting the results of human research provide a wealth of data on the phenomenon to be explored. It is a generally accepted expectation to adhere strictly to the relevant ethical rules and to the required protocols. However, studies in humans have a dimension that is not fully covered by ethical rules and that also affects the studies’ results and their representativeness. All of these belong to the field of research in psychology, be it the ethical issues of psychological research or the psychological aspects of biomedical research, medical interventions, and their acceptance. Researchers of these and other scientific areas widely believe that science is morally neutral, that is, its task is the discovery of facts, the further development of the investigations’ tools and methods to perform correct analysis and draw reliable conclusions. However, research and development are characterized by a kind of moral neutrality, the essence of which is that the researcher not participating in the decisions on applications is neutral in general. This means that the curiosity driven research should not pay attention to risks associated with the use of results. However, many recent concerns related to the long-term effects of broadly applied inventions speaks for the need on consensus how the consequences could or should be forecasted. Following a brief presentation of the changed ethical perception of psychology, I give some examples on the psychological aspects of genetic research and that of the critical issues in health behavior. Concerns psychological in nature have been articulated in the last decade and it became increasingly clear that genetic testing can also have psychological factors that must be considered. Moreover, the recent focus on psychological aspects of human research shed light on the complexity of health behavior, and questions have been raised about the known psychological factors of the human reactions to suggested therapies, especially those of the vaccination propensity, rejection, and anti-vaccination movements. Although there are only a few systematic studies on this issue, the proper solutions of the Covid-19 should consider the psychological aspects of the acceptance and rejection of vaccination. We may consider that the first waves of the Covid-19 epidemic created situations requiring altered psychological coping, to which psychological research responded primarily by examining the epidemiological situation, illness, and the resulting psychological aspects of lifestyle (treatment of social isolation, stress management, anxiety, depression). Therefore, scientific data on risk perception and psychological factors of vaccine acceptance may contribute to preparedness for globally predicted epidemics and decision-making processes.
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Coldwell, David A. L., Mervywn Williamson, and Danielle Talbot. "Organizational socialization and ethical fit: a conceptual development by serendipity." Personnel Review 48, no. 2 (March 4, 2019): 511–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/pr-11-2017-0347.
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PurposeA significant and increasing number of graduate recruits take up employment for specific companies by virtue of their ethical reputation and profiles. As such, ethical fit has become an important dimension of the attraction and retention of graduates. However, preconceived notions of a company’s ethical orientation obtained through the media and initial recruitment exercises may be challenged during the induction and socialization phases of organizational entry, such that people may find that the reputation is just an external façade leading to disappointment and a reassessment of the employer. The paper aims to discuss these issues.Design/methodology/approachThe study’s essential focus is on building a conceptual ethical fit model and to underline the need for further conceptual development in the area. The analysis of extant secondary data and the methodology of serendipity were used.FindingsThe model’s conceptual cogency and practical utility for human resource management are analyzed in the light of specific secondary data and specific propositions described.Research limitations/implicationsA major concern with conceptual models is empirical validity and practical utility which requires empirical testing. However, this limitation has been mitigated by the use of a serendipitous approach from a qualitative empirical study with a generalized person–organization (P–O) focus.Practical implicationsVarious practical implications of the model described in the paper for HR management are evident from empirical studies in the area which have dealt with particular aspects of the model. For example, Baueret al.(1998) found that socialization effects employee turnover. And, Cable and Parsons (2001) indicate that organizational socialization is critical in generating committed employees whose values are congruent with those of the organization. Since committed employees are critical for the success of the organization, they suggest training programs for hiring managers and criteria in performance appraisals that include the development of employee value congruence through specific formal socialization tactics.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the extant literature by building a dynamic conceptual model with attendant testable propositions that explore the implications of employee misalignment in pre-socialization anticipatory organizational ethical fit and post-socialization organizational ethical fit. More specifically, the study contributes to the extant literature by considering the socialization process in relation to ethical fit dynamics. It also considers from the point of view of specific moral development theory and changing perceptions of ethical climate that occur during organizational socialization. Serendipitous material obtained from a qualitative study of P–O fit puts flesh on the bones of the effects of the socialization process on ethical fit described by the paper’s conceptual model while providing circumstantial evidence for the propositions and their practical utility for HR management.
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Valenzuela, Pia. "Fredrickson on Flourishing through Positive Emotions and Aristotle’s Eudaimonia." Conatus 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.25202.
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Is it possible to be happy without virtues? At least for the kind of enduring human happiness Aristotle bears, virtues are required (NE, I). In addition to virtues, some prosperity is necessary for flourishing, like having friends and minimal external goods. Nowadays, we witness different approaches to happiness – well-being – focusing on mental states – i. e. affective – usually without reference to moral issues, concretely moral dispositions, or virtues. At the crossroads of Philosophy and Psychology, the present article discusses the connection of happiness – well-being – and affective states by presenting Fredrickson’s theory of positive emotions, which has been criticised as approaching only hedonic well-being and therefore overlooking its eudaimonic aspects. In her approach, there is no reference to the good life connected to the human good, as in Aristotle’s ethics. However, there is instead an understanding of becoming a benevolent, a better person as a necessary human aspiration.
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Moret, Ross, and Simone Burgin. "Intercultural Struggle and the Targeting of Noncombatants: The Case of the Islamic State." Religions 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2018): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel9080230.
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The prohibition against targeting noncombatants is a long-held commitment in both Muslim and Western military ethics. Nevertheless, some militant Muslim groups, and particularly the Islamic State, have created ever-widening space for attacking those traditionally considered immune from targeting in military operations. Our essay uses two theoretical apparatuses developed in social psychology—cultural cognition and moral foundations theory—to explain how certain aspects of post-9/11 tactics on the part of the United States and its allies have contributed to this phenomenon. We also use these same tools to show that similar dynamics work to contribute to the rightwing backlash against Muslims in the United States.
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Azizah, Nurul. "PENDIDIKAN AKHLAK IBNU MASKAWAIH KONSEP DAN URGENSINYA DALAM PENGEMBANGAN KARAKTER DI INDONESIA." Jurnal PROGRESS: Wahana Kreativitas dan Intelektualitas 5, no. 2 (December 19, 2017): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.31942/pgrs.v5i2.2609.
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AbstrakIbn Makawaih is a philosopher who focuses on morals. The concept ofmorality is centered on the self-approach to God and the psychologicalapproach is a reference for many education practitioners. Miskawaihbusiness is to bring together Islamic teachings with ethical theories inphilosophy, making the concept of morality initiated morecomprehensive. There are three important things that can be understoodas moral education material, namely: things that are obligatory for theneeds of the human body, things that are obligatory for the soul andthings that are obligatory for their relationship with fellow human beings.Ibn Miskawaih in his character concept emphasizes psychological andreligious aspects to improve the quality of one's character. The locationof the importance of psychology in education has long been recognizedby modern education experts. In modern education known as EducationalPsychology with various variants of the method.Ibnu Makawaih adalah filosof yag memusatkan perhatiannya terhadapakhlak. Konsep akhlaknya terpusat pada pendekatan diri terhadap tuhandan pendekatan psikologi menjadi rujukan banyak para praktisipendidikan. Usaha Miskawaih adalah mempertemukan ajaran syariatislam dengan teori-teori etika dalam filsafat menjadikan konsep akhlakyang digagasnya lebih komperehensif. Ada tiga hal penting atau pokokyang dapat dipahami sebagai materi pendidikan akhlaknya, yaitu: hal-halyang wajib bagi kebutuhan tubuh manusia, hal-hal yang wajib bagi jiwadan hal-hal yang wajib bagi hubungannya dengan sesama manusia. IbnuMiskawaih dalam konsep karakternya menekankan aspek kejiwaan danagama untuk meningkatkan kualitas karakter seseorang. Letakpentingnya ilmu kejiwaan dalam dunia pendidikan sudah lama disadarioleh ahli pendidikan modern. Dalam pendidikan modern dikenal ilmuPsikologi Pendidikan dengan pelbagai varian metodenya.Key Word: Pendidikan Karakter Ibnu Maskawaih, Karakter Indonesia.
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Babanov, Aleksey. "The phenomenon of consent with yourself." Философская мысль, no. 10 (October 2020): 59–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2020.10.33074.
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This article is dedicated to analysis of the phenomenon of consent with yourself. Leaning on the ideas. H. Arend, the author analyzes various aspects of consent with yourself, as well as their interconnection. This phenomenon is viewed in three aspects: 1. attitude of a subject towards himself (psychology); 2. “Socratic” thinking as inner speech; 3. moral act. All three aspects of this phenomenon are based on the concept of “Socratic” thinking as an internal dialogue; therefore, special attention is turned to examination of its peculiarities. A comparative analysis is conducted on the “Socratic” thinking and other concepts of thinking, namely M. Heidegger’s. Consent with yourself in each corresponding aspect has the following meaning: 1. Positive attitude toward yourself reflected in self-regard. It is demonstrated that consent is only one-sided attitude, thus its more accurate characteristic would be self-regard, rather than “friendship with yourself”. Self-regard can stem from the experience of reasoning as a conversation with yourself on your thoughts and actions; 2. A condition of thinking, namely as consent in thought (non-contradiction) and with thought. Consent with yourself is not reduced to the logical law of non-contradiction. As a manifestation of existential process of thinking, it is not a formalized procedure and depends on the personal attitude and values of the subject. It is assumed that self-regard as a manifestation of consent is impossible without the judgment of internal dialogue; 3. Leaning on the ideas of H. Arendt, the author outlines the possible interpretation of consent in thinking as an ethical principle or internal standard of conscience, spreading to the actions of an individual. The conclusion is made that the phenomenon of consent with yourself has full significance only for the “Socratic” thinking, which makes responsible a thinker himself, rather than history, world spirit or being.
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Ćurko, Bruno. "Community of philosophical inquiry as a method in early bioethical education." JAHR 11, no. 2 (2020): 481–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21860/j.11.2.9.
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‘Community of inquiry’ is a concept introduced by Charles Sanders Peirce, and was originally restricted to the practitioners of scientific inquiry. M. Lipman (2003) expanded this concept by moving it into a broader setting – the classroom. He converted the classroom into a community of inquiry, in which “students listen to one another with respect, build on one another’s ideas, challenge one another to supply reasons for otherwise unsupported opinions, assist each other in drawing inferences from what has been said, and seek to identify one another’s assumptions.” David Kennedy (2012) claimed how “Lipman, taking a cue from his friend and mentor Justus Buchler, developed and called ‘community of philosophical inquiry’— the most appropriate way to practice with students the philosophical curriculum that he had developed. This idea is also a philosophical one, and it has a farreaching implication, both practical and theoretical – for learning theory, for theory of teaching, for argumentation theory, for theory of knowledge, for group psychology, for moral education, and perhaps, ultimately of the greatest importance, for grounded political theory and practice.” In various and different approaches to philosophy with children, we can find a community of philosophical inquiry as one of the main methods. For instance, a community of philosophical inquiry is one of the methods used in Ethics and Values Education: “The term ethics and values education (EVE) applies to all aspects of education which either explicitly or implicitly relate to ethical dimensions of life and are such that can be structured, regulated and monitored with appropriate educational methods and tools.” (Strahovnik, 2015). Leaning on the cited definition of EVE, if we focus specifically on the issues of the contemporary world with its ecological crisis and rapid digitalization, we can set the relation of the ethical dimensions of life as a bioethical question. Using methodology for the community of philosophical inquiry as a basis for bioethical questioning, we can satisfy the need for innovative and effective bioethical education from an early age. In my lecture, I will show how the community of philosophical inquiry can be connected withbioethical topics such as the relationship between man and wild animals, man and plants, man and nature in global, etc.
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Szabo, Denis, Marc LeBlanc, Lise Deslauriers, and Denis Gagné. "Interprétations psycho-culturelles de l’inadaptation juvénile dans la société de masse contemporaine." Acta Criminologica 1, no. 1 (January 19, 2006): 9–133. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017001ar.
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Abstract A PSYCHO-CULTURAL INTERPRETATION OF JUVENILE MALADJUSTMENT IN MASS SOCIETY Juvenile maladjustment in the post-industrial societies has not only augmented alarmingly but has also taken on a new dimension. The number and seriousness of offences as well as their obvious wantonness are increasing. This article is an attempt to understand the forces which engender this phenomenon. A first experiment in measuring some of the elements which constitute the moral fact is also described here. A culture conflict Maladjustment of the young in the mass society can be looked at in the perspective of a culture conflict, that is, the confrontation of morals between adult and youth in a society undergoing an historical acceleration not only of its technology but also of its institutions and culture. The dialectic, youth versus adult, is due to the fact that each group has a particular position in society which, therefore, implies different morals or different normative systems. The credo of the adult is founded upon a numerous variety of experiences marked by success or failure. This traditional morality will shift in direct proportion to the degree of evolution within the existing society. The morals of youth are founded upon its involvement in new experiences. Youth uses the technology of its era, rebels against old-fashioned morals and reformulates its ethical needs. This type of questioning leads the adult to ambiguity of values, to uncertainty of moral judgment and to a wavering in fundamental choices; it leads the young into contesting adult order, truth and conviction. The integration of youth into mass society has to be made in the light of « neotenistic » mechanisms of adjustment to innovation. It must also be examined in the light of « misoneism » — resistance to change .— as well as of stability of social relationships and institutions. The young, new citizens of a mass society and trustees of mass culture, have to cope with the institutions, ideologies, controls and rules forged by a society of production. Psycho-cultural pressures Recent social transformations have generated a new type of society known as the « mass society » which in turn has generated a « mass culture ». The interaction between culture and society creates, for the individual, new problems of adjustment which merit careful study. The relative freedom from the pressures of mechanization coincides with the increase of psycho-cultural pressures due to the means of mass communication. We require a new conceptual plan of analysis adapted to a different type of society. The theories based on culture conflicts, the concepts of subcultures and contracultures have attempted to explain these new phenomena. Today, external pressure has increased the possibility of choice for the individual. We might suggest therefore, that if the maladjustments of the past were due to the hide-bound socio-economic laws, those which characterize the mass society would be due to an extreme degree of freedom to make these numberless choices. Obligation: first foundation of morals Psycho-cultural analysis achieves its entire meaning when we study morals or the moral fact. In other words, the obligation to accomplish one act or another constitutes the main springboard for interaction within a social system. The moral fact, in its objective and subjective aspects, constitutes the core of the problem: how to explain that the very foundation of moral order is being radically and universally questioned ? To answer this, we must use an analysis of mechanisms and procedures which take precedence in internalizing moral values in different cultures. The questions asked are as follows : a) What is the content and meaning of obligation to the youth of today ? b) What is the relationship between its aspirations and those of the preceding generations ? c) Are these aspirations the same for the youth of different classes ? d) Do they then engender cultures, subcultures and contracultures ? Psycho-cultural analysis is the meeting point of questions asked by the sociology of knowledge and of socialization and by contemporary social psychology. The moral fact seems to be an integral part of the problem of man's maladjustment to the civilization he has created, and its study becomes necessary in order to find the key to certain paradoxes in the human condition. Measurement of the moral fact Psycho-cultural interpretation seeks to isolate maladjustment, regarding it essentially as a type of moral behaviour. If we accept the following postulate — adjustment or deviance results at the limit of conformity or non-conformity to values .— how do we measure this obligation ? What are the variables necessary to isolate this idea of obligation ? What are the instruments capable of measuring them ? In the context of our work, obligation is envisaged, on the one hand, as a normative system related to the position of an individual, of a collectivity or of a category of individuals, in the social structure. On the other hand, it is regarded as a physical function, representing the internal controls of the subject, who is submitted to a system of impulses and motivations. Two theories seem pertinent in explaining obligation: the theory of « moral conscience », related to subjective motivations, and the theory of « social character », related to substantive or group motivations. According to Erick Fromm (1949), every society and every social structure within the society forms the type of man it needs and transmits values, attitudes and motivations necessary for the individual to act out the role it expects him to. It accomplishes this by giving the individual a « social character » adapted to its demands and which enables the subject to behave in the manner called for by the social system. The hypothesis showing that the social character is formed by the role the individual plays in his own culture and that he reflects collective obligations individually, enables us to connect this problem of adjustment with socio-cultural controls. Thus we can suppose that the normative aspects of adolescent subcultures and contracultures, where they exist, form a social character in these young people, and so constitute a different source of orientation or obligation from that of the adult culture. This article gives an account of the construction and validity of scales of moral attitudes and of an implement capable of measuring certain aspects of the moral conscience. Their function is to isolate this idea of obligation. Five scales of moral attitudes were established and verified with the help of factoral analysis .— moral attitudes of authority, of conformity to peers, of aspiration, of hedonist anxiety and of self-evaluation. This scale discriminates between the socio-economic milieux of the working class and the leisure class and weighs the variables .— age and delinquency. If social character is the cultural counterpart of obligation, then moral conscience is the psychological counterpart. Whereas social character depends on the position of a group in the social structure, moral conscience is conditioned by interprofessional relationships. Seen in this light, moral conscience becomes a psychic function, the fruit of identification within a succession of values presented by parents, teachers and peers. Since it is almost impossible to measure moral conscience directly and experimentally by objective tests, we thought it best to measure the psychological procedures of transmission and internalization of moral values, that is, by perception and identification. The Role Construction Repertory Test of George A. Kelly (1955) seems to answer this problem because it is based on these two psychological mechanisms as well as on « role playing ». This test enables us to find out with which persons and what values adolescents identify, whether or not they are well adjusted to life in society. It also enables us, with the help of the construction analysis, to pin-point the image young people have of themselves and of those who make up their phenomenal or experimental universe. These instruments, tested on adjusted or maladjusted adolescents from different socio-economic milieux, will enable us to verify certain hypothesis resulting from psycho-cultural analysis.
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Сухов, А. Н., and Л. Н. Каращук. "Social and Psychological Aspects of Trust in Medical Patients." Психолого-педагогический поиск, no. 2(62) (August 5, 2022): 138–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37724/rsu.2022.62.2.015.
Full textAbstract:
Проблема доверия к врачу в настоящее время приобретает особую актуальность, так как возрастает потребность общества в психологически грамотных специалистах, способных целенаправленно развивать доверительные отношения со своими пациентами. Кроме того, актуальность обусловливается отсутствием специальной подготовки будущих специалистов в этом направлении, а также недостаточной разработкой проблемы доверительных отношений в отечественной психологии.В статье дается анализ уже существующих подходов к содержанию доверия в рамках различных отраслей научной деятельности с акцентом на психологическую составляющую контента данного феномена. Прослеживается трансформация понимания доверия во временном аспекте вплоть до современного осмысления. Вместе с тем изучается теоретический аспект доверия во взаимоотношениях субъектов и анализируется содержание этого аспекта в трудах различных ученых (А. Селигмен, А. Б. Купрейченко, Т. П. Скрипкина и др.).В эмпирической части исследования рассматриваются особенности содержательного аспекта феномена доверия, то есть контента доверия в отношениях «врач — пациент». Исследование было проведено на выборке из пациентов, находящихся на стационарном лечении в следующих отделениях: хирургическое, травматологическое, терапевтическое ГБУ РО «Городская клиническая больница скорой медицинской помощи» (ГКБСМП) и пульмонологическое ГБУ РО «Областная клиническая больница» г. Рязани. Исследование имело пилотажный характер. Приняли участие 50 респондентов: 25 пациентов, подвергавшихся оперативному вмешательству, и 25 — не подвергавшихся. В работе с респондентами соблюдались этические принципы психолога: исследование проводилось на добровольной основе, соблюдалась анонимность и неразглашение личной тайны. Работа заключалась в устных и письменных ответах на вопросы. Основным методом изучения контента доверия к врачам со стороны пациентов было свободное интервью.Изучая отдельные содержательные стороны, составляющие контент доверия, удалось выделить четыре основные категории, которые формируют доверие пациента к врачу: профессиональные, коммуникативные, морально-этические и саморегуляция. Предпринята попытка найти различия в особенностях доверия у пациентов, проходивших оперативное и консервативное лечение. Таких различий не выявлено, что послужило благоприятным фактором, поскольку формирование доверия у врачей не вызовет отдельной дифференциации мишеней работы в зависимости от направленности медицинского воздействия. The issue of patients’ trust in doctors has become highly relevant, for there is an urgent need for reliable specialists who are well versed in psychology of human relationships and can build patient-doctor relationships based on trust. The relevance of the research consists in the fact that nowadays there are few specialists meeting this requirement and the issue of patient-doctor trust is largely underinvestigated by Russian psychologists.The article analyzes the existing approaches to the notion of trust focusing on the psychological aspect of this phenomenon. The article underlines that scholars’ understanding of the concept of trust has changed several times. The article analyzes theoretical aspects of trust and investigates the concept of trust as represented in works of different scholars (A. Seligmen, A. B. Kupreychenko, T. P. Skripkina, etc.).The empirical part of the research focuses on the content of the phenomenon of trust, i.e. on the content of patients’ trust in their doctors. The research is conducted in the Department of Surgery, the Department of Trauma and the Department of Therapeutics of the City Clinical Hospital (Ryazan) and in the Department of Pulmonology of the Regional Clinical Hospital (Ryazan). The research involves 50 respondents: 25 surgical patients and 25 non-surgical patients. The communication with patients is voluntary (as required by the code of ethics), anonymous, and confidential. The respondents are asked to answer a number of questions both orally and in writing. The main method of investigating patients’ trust in doctors is an interview.The research shows that there are four basic factors that predetermine patients’ trust in their doctors: doctors’ professional qualities, communication skills, moral and ethical principles, self-regulation. The research has uncovered no differences in surgical patients’ and non-surgical patients’ trust in doctors, which may be beneficial for further research, since there will be no need to trace differences in different groups of patients.
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Maftuna Bakhtiyorova, Nilufar Sadullaeva,. "REFLECTION OF ONOMASTIC PRINCIPLES IN NAMING." Psychology and Education Journal 58, no. 1 (January 15, 2021): 2874–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/pae.v58i1.1180.
Full textAbstract:
This article deals with the problems of naming in English and Uzbek languages. The main principles of formation of onomastic units are discussed and the cultural bases of choosing the name are interpreted in the article as well. Theoretical views of well-known linguists are represented from the point of linguocultural aspect. The most important issue in this area was to determine what the Proper Nouns meant. In this paper, we will endeavor to prove the assertion, at the same time accounting for some of the motivations upon which Proper Nouns appear. It may cover the wide range of linguistic and extralinguistic motivations underlying the lexical units – Proper Nouns. Proper Nouns in most cases are not simply a tool of naming, but as linguistic unit they can render an information about the owner. A new exploration of a certain phenomenon, a new perspective for its consideration and contain a new moral and ethical assessment of the phenomenon. Based on this, this article presents linguistic features of Proper Nouns in speech, ethno-linguistic, ethno-cultural, sociolinguistic problems of naming the objects. The analogies and differences between the linguistic phenomenon of Proper Nouns and Common Nouns have been examined in detail.
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Azminah, Suhartini Nurul. "Movie Media with Islamic Character Values to shaping “Ahlaqul Karimah" in Early Childhood." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 185–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/141.13.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT: Character education in Islam has its own style, as well as the character values con- tained in various learning media for early childhood. This study is a follow-up study to find the effect of Movie Media with Islamic Character Values (M-ICV) in shaping "Ahlaqul Karimah" in early childhood. Using an experimental method with a control class, which involved 19 respondents of early childhood. Data shows that the ttest < t table (0.75 < 2.110), meaning that there is a significant difference in effect between the experimental class and the control class. The results conclude that M-ICV is able to form a child's "Ahlakul Karimah" slowly, because the child likes various movies with content interesting and easy to imitate. The implications of further research on movie content development for children are able to develop other aspects of children's development.
Keywords: Early Childhood, Ahlakul karimah, Islamic Character Values Movie Media
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Sadchenko, Olena V. "Convergence of Neuromarketing Technologies in Modern Conditions of Economic Development." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation 2021, no. 3 (2021): 97–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2021.93.09.
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During periods of socio-economic, innovative-ecological and political transformations, the social system may not perform its functions, which will lead to a disruption of the sustainable of public life. The economy of transformation is a part of the societal system that contributes to the change of the client himself and his needs and demands. These processes are manifested in ignoring generally recognized economic and environmental values, political, ideological, cultural and moral. The development of technologies in the past was usually determined over long periods by some one discovery or progress in one area, today with the development of digitalization, the universal introduction of information technologies in various spheres of life: services, production and economic activities, education, culture, etc. etc., there is a convergence of economics, management and marketing in a short time frame. This phenomenon is caused by the rapid development of information and communication technologies, microelectronics, microbiology, simulations, nanomanipulations, “strong” artificial intelligence in most countries of the world. We believe that the convergence of information technology, biotechnology, nanotechnology and cognitive science is especially significant. And in such modern convergent conditions, neuromarketing technologies are rapidly developing at a new level. The development and application of neuromarketing technologies deserve study so that there is no further ethical "shock" and coercion to buy at an unconscious level. Such technologies were used earlier in various fields of economic activity, in psychology and in solving other issues. Neuromarketing technologies are changing ideas about the environment: nature, man, mind. It is difficult to describe the results of such transformation processes, where all aspects of human life are subject to change.
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Rippentrop Schnell and Fritz Cates. "Rethinking Anger as a Desire for Payback: A Modified Thomistic View." Religions 10, no. 11 (November 7, 2019): 618. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel10110618.
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This essay takes a fresh approach to a traditional Western philosophical account of anger, according to which anger is best defined as a desire for payback, namely, a desire to make an offender pay a price, in the currency of unwanted pain, for the pain he caused someone else. The essay focuses more specifically on the work of Thomas Aquinas, whose account of anger is often thought to center on a desire for ‘just vengeance.’ It analyzes and extends aspects of Aquinas’s account that have previously been treated too narrowly. It distinguishes three forms of anger, each of which has important features in common, which justify characterizing it as anger. Only one of these forms involves a desire to make an offender suffer for what he did. Even as this essay argues for articulating different forms of anger, it emphasizes the fluidity of anger’s forms, features, and relationships to other emotions. It briefly engages philosophical, psychological, and neuroscientific perspectives while working principally in the domain of religious ethics and moral psychology.
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Yapijakis, Christos. "Philosophical Management of Stress: An Introduction." Conatus 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/cjp.31823.
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All human needs are compromised by everyday stressful conditions, which may be objectively devastating or subjectively augmented due to idiosyncratic way of thinking. Unmanaged acute stress can affect emotions, thinking and behavior and chronic stress can result in several severe health problems. Philosophy may provide a frame of thinking that may help in managing everyday stress. There are personal dimensions in the philosophical management of stress based on examples of Aristotle’s eudaimonia consisted of morality and pleasure, Plato’s transcendence aiming to join with the supreme good, Pyrrho’s serenity through suspension of judgement and the Stoics’ rational attachment to virtue. Furthermore, there are social dimensions of philosophical management of stress, since there is abundant scientific evidence that stress affects moral decision-making and therefore an ethical theory of life may not be sufficient in stressful conditions. In this context, such social aspects include the relationship of eudaimonia with community life, the artistic practice and the virtual eroticism in the contemporary world of digital media as a stress relief from physical confrontation with other persons in real life, the empathy and care as a crucial quality for stress relief and social change, as well as the Epicurean approach of stress management that may have both personal and social utility. Intervention programs of stress management combining many lifestyle techniques have been shown to enhance resilience and decrease stress for a period of time, based on systematic behavioral change. Two successful novel empirical pilot studies of pure philosophical management of stress based on cognitive psychotherapy and modification of mentality have been presented, both of them realized in the COVID-19 pandemic period: a three-month positive psychology intervention combined with Epicurean and Stoic concepts was provided to adolescent students and a month-long philosophical management of stress program based on Science and Epicurean Philosophy was offered to public sector professionals.