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1

Zhang, Yuyan, Jiahua Wu, Feng Yu, and Liying Xu. "Moral Judgments of Human vs. AI agents in Moral Dilemmas." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 2 (2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13020181.

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Artificial intelligence has quickly integrated into human society and its moral decision-making has also begun to slowly seep into our lives. The significance of moral judgment research on artificial intelligence behavior is becoming increasingly prominent. The present research aims at examining how people make moral judgments about the behavior of artificial intelligence agents in a trolley dilemma where people are usually driven by controlled cognitive processes, and in a footbridge dilemma where people are usually driven by automatic emotional responses. Through three experiments (n = 626),
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Qin, Yifei. "Moral Dilemma: The Exam Dilemma." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 24 (December 29, 2023): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/k7t8kf71.

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In daily life, it is widespread for people to encounter numerous moral dilemmas, which is, in fact, a decision-making process—in which people often make different choices for a variety of reasons, making it a "moral dilemma" that is hard to decide rather than a " fact" that everyone agrees on. Thus, a specific moral dilemma (the exam dilemma) is demonstrated: a girl named Lisa found that her best friend cheated in a critical exam while her sister took part in it. The question is whether or not to report the friend, as reporting the friend could cause everyone to retake the exam (which could be
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Sun, Jingxuan. "The “Spam Caller Dilemma” and Its Reflection Under the Theory of Morality-as-Cooperation (MAC)." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 24 (December 29, 2023): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/png6dm85.

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A dilemma is characterized by a feeling of being torn between morally conflicting choices. Daily life has various moral dilemmas, often leading people to entangled situations. People are accustomed to the occurrence of moral dilemmas. However, opinions vary on how moral dilemmas arise. This paper proposes a moral dilemma called the "spam caller dilemma" under the premise of the morality-as-cooperation (MAC) theory and conducts small-scale online research to address this dilemma. This paper explores people's views on the conflict between the cooperative principles of kinship and reciprocal altr
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Sojoudi, Sajad, Azra Jahanitabesh, Javad Hatami, and Julia F. Christensen. "Forty-Eight Classical Moral Dilemmas in Persian Language: A Validation and Cultural Adaptation Study." Journal of Cognition and Culture 22, no. 3-4 (2022): 352–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685373-12340139.

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Abstract Moral dilemmas are a useful tool to investigate empirically, which parameters of a given situation modulate participants’ moral judgment, and in what way. In an effort to provide moral judgment data from a non-WEIRD culture, we provide the translation and validation of 48 classical moral dilemmas in Persian language. The translated dilemma set was submitted to a validation experiment with N = 82 Iranian participants. The four-factor structure of this dilemma set was confirmed; including Personal Force (Personal, Impersonal), Benefit Recipient (Self, Other), Evitability (Avoidable, Ine
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McClimens, Alex. "Moral dilemma." Learning Disability Practice 15, no. 10 (2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ldp2012.12.15.10.9.p10054.

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Miller, Christian B. "Moral dilemma." New Scientist 227, no. 3040 (2015): 26–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(15)31266-5.

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Kitcher, Philip. "Moral dilemma." Nature 348, no. 6299 (1990): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/348365a0.

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8

Karakoç, Sedanur. "Moral Dilemmas in Humanitarian Aid Activities." Nous Academy Journal, no. 1 (October 15, 2023): 63–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10012769.

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Although humanitarian aid activities aim to relieve suffering and improve the existing situation, in some cases this goodwill can do more harm than good. There are moral dilemmas experienced for various reasons on the basis of this. A humanitarian action in a civil war may experience a moral dilemma for various reasons, and this dilemma may lead to various bad consequences. As a result of all these, the duration and severity of the civil war may increase. In this study, moral dilemmas experienced in humanitarian aid activities in civil wars will be discussed. Moral dilemmas will be examined, a
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Carron, Robin, Nathalie Blanc, and Emmanuelle Brigaud. "Contextualizing sacrificial dilemmas within Covid-19 for the study of moral judgment." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0273521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0273521.

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"Sacrificial dilemmas" are the scenarios typically used to study moral judgment and human morality. However, these dilemmas have been criticized regarding their lack of ecological validity. The COVID-19 pandemic offers a relevant context to further examine individuals’ moral judgment and choice of action with more realistic sacrificial dilemmas. Using this context, the purpose of the present study is to investigate how moral responses are influenced by the contextualization of the dilemma (i.e., contextualized or not within the Covid-19 pandemic). By comparing two versions of one dilemma, Expe
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Trevethan, Shelley D., and Lawrence J. Walker. "Hypothetical versus real-life moral reasoning among psychopathic and delinquent youth." Development and Psychopathology 1, no. 2 (1989): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400000286.

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AbstractDifferences in moral reasoning concerning hypothetical versus real-life conflicts were examined with a sample of 44 youths (aged 15–18 years) who were classified as psychopathic, delinquent, or normal. All subjects were individually interviewed and assessed on (a) Hare's Psychopathy Checklist, (b) two of Kohlberg's hypothetical moral dilemmas, and (c) a subject-generated real-life moral dilemma. The results revealed that the normal youths attained a higher level of moral reasoning than either the delinquents or psychopaths. All groups scored lower on the real-life than the hypothetical
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Li, Tao, and Yuan Sihan. "The Ethical Dilemma in The Mill on the Floss: The Struggle between ‘Antigone’ and ‘Creon’." IRA-International Journal of Management & Social Sciences (ISSN 2455-2267) 21, no. 1 (2025): 1. https://doi.org/10.21013/jmss.v21.n1.p1.

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George Eliot views Antigone as a microcosm of social ethics, reflecting the clash between individuals and established rules. In <em>The Mill on the Floss</em>, Maggie, a mortal “Antigone,” struggles against the “established laws” embodied by her brother Tom, ultimately sacrificing herself for family interests. While Creon and Antigone represent a choice between human and divine law, Tom and Maggie symbolize tradition versus freedom. Through Maggie, Eliot highlights the triple ethical dilemmas faced by Victorian women. This paper, based on ethical criticism, reveals three key findin
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Agerström, Jens, Kristiina Möller, and Trevor Archer. "MORAL REASONING: THE INFLUENCE OF AFFECTIVE PERSONALITY, DILEMMA CONTENT AND GENDER." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 34, no. 10 (2006): 1259–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2006.34.10.1259.

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This study examined the influence of affective personality, perfectionism, gender, arousal and dilemma content on moral reasoning. 264 participants were presented with moral dilemmas to which they had to provide a solution that reflected various degrees of justice and care. The results indicated that a) affective personality had an effect on moral reasoning, b) female participants reported higher levels of care morality than did male participants, c) gender interacted with perfectionism in the production of moral standpoints, d) dilemma content exerted a strong effect on the participants' use
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Sinnott-Armstrong, Walter. "Moral Dilemmas and ‘Ought and Ought Not’." Canadian Journal of Philosophy 17, no. 1 (1987): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1987.10715904.

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Although common sense and literature support the possibility of moral dilemmas, many traditional and contemporary philosophers deny this possibility because of several arguments. Probably the strongest argument against the possibility of moral dilemmas can be called the argument from ought and ought not. Various versions of this argument have been presented by McConnell, Hare, and Conee. Its basic form can be outlined as follows.If any agent is in any moral dilemma, then that agent ought to adopt each of two alternatives but cannot adopt both.If any agent ought to adopt any alternative, but th
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Rzepiński, Tomasz, Ewa Baum, and Agnieszka Żok. "Semantic, Logical, and Ethical Considerations of Patients’ Decisions in the Resolution of Moral Dilemmas." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 64, no. 1 (2020): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2020-0042.

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Abstract Decision-making procedures in medical practice are often analysed by both philosophers of science and ethicists, as well as statisticians, clinicians and methodologists. The paper focuses on decisions made by patients in situations of moral dilemma. The main purpose is to analyse the strategies used in resolving such dilemmas. First, the concept of a ‘situation of moral dilemma’ is clarified. Then, two types of strategies for resolving such situations are distinguished. The first strategy requires revising the patient’s belief system or moral orientation. The second one includes a gro
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Rzepiński, Tomasz, Ewa Baum, and Agnieszka Żok. "Semantic, Logical, and Ethical Considerations of Patients’ Decisions in the Resolution of Moral Dilemmas." Studies in Logic, Grammar and Rhetoric 64, no. 1 (2020): 99–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/slgr-2020-0042.

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AbstractDecision-making procedures in medical practice are often analysed by both philosophers of science and ethicists, as well as statisticians, clinicians and methodologists. The paper focuses on decisions made by patients in situations of moral dilemma. The main purpose is to analyse the strategies used in resolving such dilemmas. First, the concept of a ‘situation of moral dilemma’ is clarified. Then, two types of strategies for resolving such situations are distinguished. The first strategy requires revising the patient’s belief system or moral orientation. The second one includes a grou
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16

Körner, Anita, Roland Deutsch, and Bertram Gawronski. "Using the CNI Model to Investigate Individual Differences in Moral Dilemma Judgments." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 46, no. 9 (2020): 1392–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167220907203.

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Typical moral dilemmas pitting the consequences of a given action against the action’s consistency with moral norms confound several determinants of moral judgments. Dissociating these determinants, the CNI model allows researchers to quantify sensitivity to consequences, sensitivity to norms, and general preference for inaction over action regardless of consequences and norms. However, with the currently available set of dilemmas for research using the CNI model, the model is not suitable for studies with individual-difference designs. To overcome this limitation, the current research investi
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Troitskiy, Konstantin E. "The Hypothesis of a Genuine Moral Dilemma and the Method of Thought Experiment in Ethics." Ethical Thought 21, no. 1 (2021): 24–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/2074-4870-2021-21-1-24-39.

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The article provides a critical overview of the hypothesis of a genuine moral dilemma and the method of thought experiment in ethics. The relevance of the research topic is due to a) the mess in academic publications on ethics created by the application of the expres­sions “moral dilemma” and “thought experiment” to the same imaginary situation without clarifying their meaning and relationship, and also b) the increase of justified doubts con­cerning the concepts which are hidden behind these expressions. Between the examples of moral dilemmas and thoughts experiments is close connection becau
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18

Lueck. "Moral Dilemma and Moral Sense." Journal of Speculative Philosophy 29, no. 2 (2015): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jspecphil.29.2.0218.

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19

Sudić, Mislav, Pavle Valerjev, and Josip Ćirić. "Deontic Moral Reasoning Task." Psihologijske teme 28, no. 3 (2019): 483–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.28.3.2.

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Domain theory suggests that moral rules and conventions are perceived differently and elicit a different response. A special procedure was designed to test this hypothesis in a laboratory setting using a deontic reasoning task. The goal was to gain insight into the cognitive and metacognitive processes of deontic reasoning from simple deontic premises. In the 3x2x2 within-subjects design, we varied rule-content (moral, conventional, abstract), rule-type (obligation, permission) and the induced dilemma (punishment dilemma, reward dilemma). Participants (N = 78) were presented with 12 laws. Afte
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Chap, Janet Blum. "Moral Judgment in Middle and Late Adulthood: The Effects of Age-Appropriate Moral Dilemmas and Spontaneous Role Taking." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 22, no. 3 (1986): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/a34t-a3q3-umef-39eb.

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This was a cross-sectional study of the effects of age, sex, and moral dilemma content on adult moral reasoning. Hypothetical dilemmas were presented to sixty men and women, thirty of whom were elderly and thirty in early middle age. With education controlled there were no age or sex differences in moral maturity. Dilemma content had a significant effect on moral judgment, with a tendency for each age group to use a higher level of judgment when the situation described was age-appropriate, i.e., relevant to that group's stage of life. There was a significant age difference on a measure of spon
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Azevedo, Sara. "The role of Dilemmas in law." Pravni zapisi 15, no. 2 (2024): 480–99. https://doi.org/10.5937/pravzap15-53803.

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It is widely recognized that the application of legal norms can lead to normative conflicts. Alongside the notion of normative conflict, the concept of legal dilemma has gained prominence, although its use in legal discourse raises several questions. First, the concept of legal dilemma is a reproduction, mutatis mutandis, of the concept of dilemma developed in moral philosophy. Second, some legal scholars focus exclusively on constitutional dilemmas (i.e., legal dilemmas involving constitutional norms), seemingly assuming that this is a phenomenon limited to the application of constitutional n
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22

Bostyn, Dries H., Sybren Sevenhant, and Arne Roets. "Of Mice, Men, and Trolleys: Hypothetical Judgment Versus Real-Life Behavior in Trolley-Style Moral Dilemmas." Psychological Science 29, no. 7 (2018): 1084–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617752640.

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Scholars have been using hypothetical dilemmas to investigate moral decision making for decades. However, whether people’s responses to these dilemmas truly reflect the decisions they would make in real life is unclear. In the current study, participants had to make the real-life decision to administer an electroshock (that they did not know was bogus) to a single mouse or allow five other mice to receive the shock. Our results indicate that responses to hypothetical dilemmas are not predictive of real-life dilemma behavior, but they are predictive of affective and cognitive aspects of the rea
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Enikolopov, S., T. Medvedeva, O. Boyko, O. Vorontsova, and O. Kazmina. "Changes in moral decision-making during the COVID-19 pandemic." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (2021): S660. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1753.

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IntroductionStress can influence moral decisions.ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to evaluate whether the stress experienced by people during the COVID-19 pandemic can change moral decision making.Methods311 respondents took part in the Internet survey 30.03.20-31.05.20, including SCL-90-R, and a subset of moral dilemmas proposed by Greene J.D (30 dilemmas in Russian), with «footbridge dilemma» among them as a personal dilemma and «trolley dilemma» as impersonal. The relationship of utilitarian personal dilemmas choices with psychopathological characteristics was analyzed. Personal moral dil
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Zangwill, Nick. "Dilemmas and Moral Realism." Utilitas 11, no. 1 (1999): 71–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820800002272.

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I distinguish two different arguments against cognitivism in Bernard Williams's writings on moral dilemmas. The first turns on there being a truth of the matter about what we ought to do in a moral dilemma. That argument can be met by appealing to our epistemic shortcomings and to pro tanto obligations. However, those responses make no headway with the second argument, which concerns the rationality of the moral regret that we feel in dilemma situations. I show how the rationality of moral regret can be explained on an ‘independent desire’ model. And I show how Williams's second argument only
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Bloom, Pazit Ben-Nun, Shaul Kimhi, Shani Fachter, Michal Shamai, and Daphna Canetti. "Coping with Moral Threat: Moral Judgment amid War on Terror." Journal of Conflict Resolution 64, no. 2-3 (2019): 231–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022002719854209.

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Moral dilemmas amid war on terrorism include repeated harsh moral choices, which often pose threats to one’s moral image. Given that people strive to view themselves as moral, how do they cope with such morally compromising decisions? We suggest and test two strategies to cope with morally threatening decision-making under in-group moral responsibility amid war on terrorism: (a) trivialization of the moral dilemma and (b) resentment toward the target. Four experimental studies measured (study 1) and manipulated (studies 2–4) these hypothesized mechanisms, presenting a similar collateral damage
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Palermo, George B. "A Moral Dilemma?" International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 36, no. 4 (1992): 267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x9203600402.

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Gorman, Carl. "A moral dilemma." Companion Animal 25, no. 6 (2020): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2020.0058.

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Goucher, Wendy. "The moral dilemma." Computer Fraud & Security 2010, no. 5 (2010): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1361-3723(10)70054-3.

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Tan, Daniel Y. B., Bastiaan C. ter Meulen, Albert Molewijk, and Guy Widdershoven. "Moral case deliberation." Practical Neurology 18, no. 3 (2017): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/practneurol-2017-001740.

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Ethical dilemmas in general are characterised by a choice between two mutually excluding options neither of which is satisfactory, because there always will be a form of moral damage. Within the context of medicine several ethics support services have been developed to support healthcare professionals in dealing with ethical dilemmas, including moral case deliberation. In this article, we describe how moral case deliberation works in daily practice, illustrated with a case example from the neurology ward. The article is meant as an introduction to moral case deliberation according to the dilem
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Molchanov, S. V., and O. V. Almazova. "Adolescent Concepts of Responsibility in Different Types of Moral Dilemmas." Cultural-Historical Psychology 13, no. 4 (2017): 81–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/chp.2017130409.

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The paper presents results of an empirical study of adolescents' concepts of responsibility in different types of moral dilemmas characterized by violations of moral norms. The study proved that the type of moral dilemma and the context of interaction of its participants determine the adolescents' readiness to recognize the responsibility of the main character of the dilemma for violating the norm. In dilemmas of asocial type adolescents are more willing to recognize the responsibility of the offender whose behavior leads to obvious damage for one of the participants in the interaction. As for
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Flexas, Albert, Raúl López-Penadés, Eva Aguilar-Mediavilla, and Daniel Adrover-Roig. "Meanness trumps language: Lack of foreign language effect in early bilinguals’ moral choices." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (2023): e0294523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294523.

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Moral decision-making is influenced by various factors, including personality and language. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated the Foreign-Language effect (FLe) in early, highly proficient, Catalan-Spanish bilinguals and examined the role of several personality dimensions in their responses to moral dilemmas. We obtained a multilevel data structure with 766 valid trials from 52 Catalan-dominant undergraduate students who read and responded anonymously to a computerized task with 16 standardized moral dilemmas, half in Catalan and half in Spanish. Results of a multilevel multivariat
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Gawronski, Bertram, Paul Conway, Mandy Hütter, Dillon M. Luke, Joel Armstrong, and Rebecca Friesdorf. "On the validity of the CNI model of moral decision-making: Reply to Baron and Goodwin (2020)." Judgment and Decision Making 15, no. 6 (2020): 1054–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500008251.

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AbstractThe CNI model of moral decision-making is a formal model that quantifies (1) sensitivity to consequences, (2) sensitivity to moral norms, and (3) general preference for inaction versus action in responses to moral dilemmas. Based on a critique of the CNI model’s conceptual assumptions, properties of the moral dilemmas for research using the CNI model, and the robustness of findings obtained with the CNI model against changes in model specifications, Baron and Goodwin (2020) dismissed the CNI model as a valid approach to study moral dilemma judgments. Here, we respond to their critique,
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Suikkanen, Jussi. "Consequentializing Moral Dilemmas." Journal of Moral Philosophy 17, no. 3 (2020): 261–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17455243-01703001.

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The aim of the consequentializing project is to show that, for every plausible ethical theory, there is a version of consequentialism that is extensionally equivalent to it. One challenge this project faces is that there are common-sense ethical theories that posit moral dilemmas. There has been some speculation about how the consequentializers should react to these theories, but so far there has not been a systematic treatment of the topic. In this article, I show that there are at least five ways in which we can construct versions of consequentialism that are extensionally equivalent to the
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Carnevale, Franco A. "The Birth of Tragedy in Pediatrics: a Phronetic Conception of Bioethics." Nursing Ethics 14, no. 5 (2007): 571–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733007080203.

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Accepted standards of parental decisional autonomy and child best interests do not address adequately the complex moral problems involved in the care of critically ill children. A growing body of moral discourse is calling for the recognition of `tragedy' in selected human problems. A tragic dilemma is an irresolvable dilemma with forced terrible alternatives, where even the virtuous agent inescapably emerges with `dirty hands'. The shift in moral framework described here recognizes that the form of conduct called for by tragic dilemmas is the practice of phronesis. The phronetic agent has acq
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Foucart, Alice, and Susanne Brouwer. "Is There a Foreign Accent Effect on Moral Judgment?" Brain Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 1631. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11121631.

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Recent studies have shown that people make more utilitarian decisions when dealing with a moral dilemma in a foreign language than in their native language. Emotion, cognitive load, and psychological distance have been put forward as explanations for this foreign language effect. The question that arises is whether a similar effect would be observed when processing a dilemma in one’s own language but spoken by a foreign-accented speaker. Indeed, foreign-accented speech has been shown to modulate emotion processing, to disrupt processing fluency and to increase psychological distance due to soc
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Parrish, John M. "Defining Dilemmas Down: The Case of 24." Essays in Philosophy 10, no. 1 (2009): 4–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/eip20091019.

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One of the most important concepts in the field of political ethics is the idea of a moral dilemma – understood as a situation in which an agent’s public responsibilities and moral imperatives conflict in such a way that no matter what the agent does she will in some way be committing a moral wrong. In the aftermath of the events of September 11, 2001, the notion of a moral dilemma has undergone a profound reconceptualization in American political discourse, and there has perhaps been no more important cultural forum for that conceptual revision than the quintessential post-9/11 melodrama, FOX
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Steć, Małgorzata, Małgorzata Maria Kulik, and Anna Wendołowska. "From Supporting Moral Competence to Fostering Spiritual Growth: The Psycho-Didactic Potential of the Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion (KMDD®)." Religions 12, no. 8 (2021): 646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12080646.

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This paper aimed to introduce the Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion KMDD® as one of the most effective methods that are designed to foster moral competence and, therefore, to promote tolerance and equality, regardless of cultural background, religion, or views. It is mainly used within the educational context, but it can be also implemented in different environments and conditions. The Konstanz Method of Dilemma Discussion should also be considered as the representative of a psycho-didactic approach to education. There is a possibility of assessing KMDD®’s effectiveness with the Moral Comp
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Moon, Kyung-ho. "Moral educational implications of neuroscientific research on moral decisionmaking." Brain, Digital, & Learning 13, no. 4 (2023): 537–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.31216/bdl.20230031.

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In this study, the two types of moral judgment, rational reasoning and emotional intuition, were analyzed with a focus on neuroscientific interpretation of human responses in the trolley dilemma and footbridge dilemma. Based on such analysis, the cognitive approach required to make correct moral judgments was sought with a focus on establishing the relationship between reason and emotion. And the implications of this neuroscientific approach for moral education were derived. According to the results of neuroscientific research on people's moral judgments in the trolley dilemma and footbridge d
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Takimoto, Yoshiyuki, and Akira Yasumura. "Verification of the Japanese Version of Greene’s Moral Dilemma Task’s Validity and Reliability." Psych 5, no. 1 (2023): 224–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/psych5010017.

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The moral dilemma task developed by Greene et al., which comprises personal and impersonal moral dilemmas, is useful for clarifying people’s moral judgments. This study develops and validates a Japanese version of this questionnaire. Ten new questions were added to the Japanese version using back-translation, and its internal validity was tested. A second survey was conducted among the same participants one month after the first survey (n = 231). The intraclass correlation coefficient through retesting was found to be 0.781. Test-retest, internal consistency, and criterion-related validity wer
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Yaqin, Ainul. "DEVELOPING DILEMMA DISCUSSION METHOD IN AKHLAQ LEARNING TO PROMOTE STUDENT’S MORAL REASONING." Lentera Pendidikan : Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah dan Keguruan 24, no. 1 (2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/lp.2021v24n1i5.

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Abstract:Enhancing moral reasoning is the main goal of education in the perspective of cognitive-developmental theory. Strategies, approaches or learning methods are chosen based on the effectiveness in changing the level of moral reasoning of students from level of pre-conventional, to conventional and post-conventional. Dilemma Discussion Method has proven its effectiveness in increasing moral reasoning. Therefore, in order to be used in Akhlak learning (part of Pendidikan Agama Islam material) of the classroom, it is important to develop the steps of implementation (syntax) by using the pri
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KUHN, STEVEN. "Gauthier and the Prisoner’s Dilemma." Dialogue 55, no. 4 (2016): 659–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0012217316000603.

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The Prisoner’s Dilemma (PD) plays a central, but shifting, role in David Gauthier’s moral theorizing. In “Morality and Advantage,” it provides a model, demonstrating how morality can have seemingly contradictory properties. In Morals by Agreement, it poses a special problem for the view that moral behaviour is individually rational. Authorities on game theory have subsequently disputed the idea that the PD is an appropriate tool for thinking about moral theory. In the first part of this paper, I examine the roles of the PD in Gauthier’s writings. In the second part, I outline a project, with b
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Nurrochsyam, Mikka Wildha. "Moral Dilemma in Education of Baduy Community." Kapata Arkeologi 17, no. 2 (2021): 85–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/kapata.v17i2.85-96.

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Dewasa ini masyarakat Baduy mengalami dilema moral dalam pendidikan. Dilema moral terlihat dari dua pilihan yaitu di satu sisi sekolah ditolak karena dianggap bertentangan dengan adat atau tradisi. Orang Baduy yang bersekolah terbukti banyak yang meninggalkan tradisi dan adat Baduy. Di sisi lain sekolah diterima karena menjadi sarana untuk mencapai kehidupan yang sejahtera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dilema moral pendidikan dalam masyarakat Baduy yang terbagi atas masyarakat Baduy Dalam dan Baduy Luar serta merumuskan jenis pendidikan yang sesuai dengan budaya mereka. Penel
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Fagan, Shawn E., Liat Kofler, Sarah Riccio, and Yu Gao. "Somatic Marker Production Deficits Do Not Explain the Relationship between Psychopathic Traits and Utilitarian Moral Decision Making." Brain Sciences 10, no. 5 (2020): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10050303.

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In moral dilemma tasks, high levels of psychopathic traits often predict increased utilitarian responding—specifically, endorsing sacrificing one person to save many. Research suggests that increased arousal (i.e., somatic marker production) underlies lower rates of utilitarian responding during moral dilemmas. Though deficient somatic marker production is characteristic of psychopathy, how this deficit affects the psychopathy–utilitarian connection remains unknown. We assessed psychopathic traits in undergraduates, as well as behavioral performance and skin conductance level reactivity (SCL-R
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Byford, Jeffrey M., Sean M. Lennon, Nguyen Ngoc Anh, Sherrie Hopper, and Dang Thi Vuong Nga. "The Wounded Prisoner: A Comparative Study on American and Vietnamese Students’ Perceptions of Moral Dilemmas." Political Crossroads 24, no. 1 (2020): 5–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7459/pc/24.1.02.

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Throughout time, both American and Vietnamese educators have sought ways to teach both the complexity of war and the ability to teach contradicting views when presented in moral dilemmas. As the year's pass and political and economic relations between the two countries grow, the exploration of war-related moral dilemmas, which unfolded during the Vietnam War, is openly discussed and encouraged. Despite not directly affected by the war, students from both countries have differing interpretations, expressing an individual and potentially contradicting view and perception when presented in the fo
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45

Hartono, Yudi. "Teaching moral dilemma in the COVID-19 pandemic." LANGGAM: International Journal of Social Science Education, Art and Culture 2, no. 01 (2023): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/langgam.v2i01.38.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused various moral dilemmas. In Indonesia, there is a dilemma of whether to stay at home or go outside for work, whether to study at school or from home, whether to return home or not on holidays for migrants and whether to pray from home or at the place of worship. These various dilemmas can be used as materials or learning sources for students. They can learn to make moral decisions based on factual arguments through value clarification techniques by utilizing information and communication technology. The implementation of this model can provide students with a go
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46

Hartono, Yudi. "Teaching moral dilemma in the COVID-19 pandemic." LANGGAM International Journal of Social Science Education, Art and Culture 2, no. 01 (2023): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/langgam.v2i1.38.

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The COVID-19 pandemic has caused various moral dilemmas. In Indonesia, there is a dilemma of whether to stay at home or go outside for work, whether to study at school or from home, whether to return home or not on holidays for migrants and whether to pray from home or at the place of worship. These various dilemmas can be used as materials or learning sources for students. They can learn to make moral decisions based on factual arguments through value clarification techniques by utilizing information and communication technology. The implementation of this model can provide students with a go
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47

Bhatnagar, Shweta, and Rashmi Agrawal. "Value group classifier model for ethical decision-making." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 37, no. 3 (2025): 1899. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v37.i3.pp1899-1907.

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Decision-makers refer to ethics or moral philosophy during times of ethical dilemma. Dilemmas are situations of inner conflict, which require a methodical approach. Diversity in viewpoints on moral decisions ensures there cannot be a fixed solution for ethical dilemmas as in the case of numerical problems. Existing ethical and sustainable decision models for businesses are not automated because of a lack of a comprehensive list of dilemmas. To resolve this gap, an AI model was trained to classify all dilemmas into three value groups by using a support vector classifier (SVC). The model provide
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Shweta, Bhatnagar Rashmi Agrawal. "Value group classifier model for ethical decision-making." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 37, no. 3 (2025): 1899–907. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v37.i3.pp1899-1907.

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Decision-makers refer to ethics or moral philosophy during times of ethical dilemma. Dilemmas are situations of inner conflict, which require a methodical approach. Diversity in viewpoints on moral decisions ensures there cannot be a fixed solution for ethical dilemmas as in the case of numerical problems. Existing ethical and sustainable decision models for businesses are not automated because of a lack of a comprehensive list of dilemmas. To resolve this gap, an AI model was trained to classify all dilemmas into three value groups by using a support vector classifier (SVC). The model provide
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Hull, Elizabeth, and W. Gunter Plaut. "Asylum: A Moral Dilemma." International Migration Review 30, no. 4 (1996): 1096. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2547607.

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Mirza, Annina Maheen. "A Principal's Moral Dilemma." Phi Delta Kappan 91, no. 1 (2009): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/003172170909100108.

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