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Journal articles on the topic 'Moral distinctions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Kamm, Frances M. "TERRORISM AND SEVERAL MORAL DISTINCTIONS." Legal Theory 12, no. 1 (2006): 19–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135232520606023x.

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In this article, I examine several distinctions that may be relevant to the morality (and conceptual characterization) of terrorism: (1) the state/nonstate agent distinction, (2) the combatant/noncombatant distinction, (3) the intention/foresight distinction, (4) the means/side-effect distinction, (5) the interrelated necessary/nonnecessary means and produce/sustain distinctions, (6) the mechanical/nonmechanical use distinction, (7) the military/political distinction, (8) the harm/terror distinction, and (9) the harm-for-terror/terror-for-goal distinction. I conclude that some of these factors

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2

Mahoney, John. "The Challenge of Moral Distinctions." Theological Studies 53, no. 4 (1992): 663–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004056399205300404.

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3

Burms, A., and R. Vergauwen. "Natural kinds and moral distinctions." Philosophia 21, no. 1-2 (1991): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02381972.

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4

Marin, Francesca. "Il fine vita e l’attribuzione di responsabilità morale / The end of life and the ascription of responsibility." Medicina e Morale 66, no. 5 (2017): 617–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2017.510.

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L’odierno dibattito bioetico sulle questioni del fine vita sembra ancora caratterizzato da alcuni nodi problematici in merito alla responsabilità morale. Per esempio, certi approcci di stampo utilitaristico conferiscono a un medico che pratica l’eutanasia la medesima responsabilità morale attribuibile a chi non avvia o sospende dei trattamenti di sostegno vitale. Chiamiamo questo come l’argomento della “sempre uguale responsabilità”. La prospettiva opposta alla precedente riguardo all’attribuzione di responsabilità ritiene invece che vi sia una differenza morale assoluta tra uccidere e lasciar

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5

Pantic, Natasa. "Moral education through literature." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 38, no. 2 (2006): 401–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0602401p.

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This paper examines a variety of perspectives on the role of literature in moral education. These proceed from general considerations to more specific issues that remain contested to the present day, such as distinction between individual and social morality. Others bring any literature under suspicion in the post-structuralist era, such as the cultural relativity of morality, distinctions between aesthetic and moral dimensions of literary works, and between moral awareness and behavior. The discussion is illustrated through considerations of the place of literature in English moral education

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Rottman, Joshua, and Liane Young. "Specks of Dirt and Tons of Pain: Dosage Distinguishes Impurity From Harm." Psychological Science 30, no. 8 (2019): 1151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797619855382.

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Levels of moral condemnation often vary with outcome severity (e.g., extreme destruction is morally worse than moderate damage), but this is not always true. We investigated whether judgments of purity transgressions are more or less sensitive to variation in dosage than judgments of harm transgressions. In three studies, adults ( N = 426) made moral evaluations of harm and purity transgressions that systematically varied in dosage (frequency or magnitude). Pairs of low-dosage and high-dosage transgressions were presented such that the same sets of modifiers (e.g., “occasionally” vs. “regularl

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7

SØVIK, ATLE OTTESEN. "More on moral critique of theodicies: reply to Robert Simpson." Religious Studies 47, no. 3 (2010): 383–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0034412510000296.

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AbstractThe article discusses moral critique of theodicies, and suggests the need for several distinctions in order to avoid misunderstanding. It distinguishes between moral critique of concrete theodicies and theodicies in general, and between moral critique of the content of theodicies and the consequences of theodicies. But there are also different kinds of moral critique of the content and the consequences. After presenting these distinctions, the article responds to Robert Simpson's ‘Some moral critique of theodicies is misplaced, but not all’.

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8

Balieiro, Marcos Ribeiro. "Razão e sentimento na teoria moral de Hume." Cadernos de Ética e Filosofia Política 2, no. 07 (2005): 23–36. https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1517-0128.v2i07p23-36.

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The roles played by reason and sentiment in Hume's moral theory have raised some controversies among the scholars of his work. Some, such as David Fate Norton, find it somewhat strange that Hume uses a tone which seems to disqualify the influence of reason in the moral distinctions made by men when, in fact, the philosopher's arguments seem to ascribe a role to it. Other scholars state that the term reason, in Hume's moral writings, is not to be understood in the sense we usually atribute to it. I argue, along this article, that the reading of Hume's moral writings in the context of the debate

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9

Gerrie, Jim. "Using and Refusing." Techné: Research in Philosophy and Technology 16, no. 3 (2012): 317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/techne201216320.

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James Rachels has argued on Utilitarian grounds that since removing life-sustaining treatment and physician-assisted suicide both aim at the very same end,hastening death to limit suffering, there are no morally significant moral distinctions between them. Others have argued for maintaining this distinction based on various forms of deontological and rights-based ethical theories that maintain that all acts of killing are inherently wrong. I argue that the enduring controversy over physician-assisted suicide might not be caused by such fundamental differences of opinion about moral theory, suc

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10

Kelly, Michael R. "The Temporal Structure of Patience." PhaenEx 13, no. 2 (2020): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v13i2.6208.

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Abstract This paper presents Anthony Steinbock's broad theory of moral emotions and specifically the distinction he draws between the temporal orientation and the temporal meaning of emotions. The latter distinction is used in order to provide phenomenological descriptions of, and distinctions between, patience and impatience. The paper takes leading clues from Steinbock’s work in an effort to “do” phenomenology in a way that clarifies these specific natural attitude intentionalities.  

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Šimković, Dejan. "Hume's Use of "Moral Distinctions" in Treatise 3.1.1." Hume Studies 44, no. 2 (2018): 209–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hms.2018.0010.

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12

Hoły-Łuczaj, Magdalena. "Artifacts and the Limitations of Moral Considerability." Environmental Ethics 41, no. 1 (2019): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/enviroethics20194116.

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Environmental philosophy always presents detailed distinctions concerning the kinds of natural beings that can be granted moral considerability, when discussing this issue. In contrast, artifacts, which are excluded from the scope of moral considerability, are treated as one homogenous category. This seems problematic. An attempt to introduce certain distinctions in this regard—by looking into dissimilarities between physical and digital artifacts—can change our thinking about artifacts in ethical terms, or more precisely, in environmentally ethical terms.

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Sayer, Andrew. "(De)commodification, Consumer Culture, and Moral Economy." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 21, no. 3 (2003): 341–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d353.

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In this paper I attempt to develop understanding of commodification and consumption by relating ideas from the moral philosophy of Adam Smith and Alasdair MacIntyre to recent research on consumer culture by Pierre Bourdieu and Daniel Miller. I focus on how commodification affects how people value things, practices, themselves, and others. It is argued that, although traditional critiques of consumer culture have often been both elitist and weakly supported empirically, some of their normative distinctions can be used to illuminate more positive aspects of consumption. In particular, the distin

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D’Ambrosio, Paul. "The Ethics of Contingency: An Alternative (to) Morality in the Analects." Religions 14, no. 11 (2023): 1367. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14111367.

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An appreciation of the emphasis on flexibility in the Analects is one of the most consistent motifs in the various interpretations of this text. When applied specifically to normative readings, embracing adaptability, having malleable standards, and taking particulars into account are both promising and challenging ways to think about whether something might be moral or ethical. This paper attempts to deconstruct this familiar discussion along novel lines that can reveal new ways to reflect on the importance of flexibility in the Analects, while, at the same time, it reconstrues ways in which

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Liebling, Alison. "Distinctions and distinctiveness in the work of prison officers: Legitimacy and authority revisited." European Journal of Criminology 8, no. 6 (2011): 484–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1477370811413807.

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The purpose of this paper is to provide a framework for thinking about the work of prison officers. It is a well-known maxim that relationships are ‘at the heart’ of prison life (Home Office, 1984). In this paper, I develop and illustrate this proposition, arguing that the moral quality of prison life is enacted and embodied by the attitudes and conduct of prison officers. There are important distinctions to be made in their work: between ‘good’ and ‘right’ relationships; ‘tragic’ and ‘cynical’ perspectives; ‘reassurance’ and ‘relational’ safety; and ‘good’ and ‘bad’ confidence. These distinct

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Greenawalt, K. "Thinking in terms of law and mortality." International Journal of Cultural Property 7, no. 1 (1998): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0940739198770031.

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The author lays a blueprint for distinctions between legal and moral rules and socially accepted behavior, situations in which these distinctions set different standards of conduct, and the relationship among them. Several of the more common paradigms of cultural property disputes are then fit into the patterns of legal and moral rules and obligations, thus establishing a framework for the discussion of how to evaluate ethical or moral behaviors in varying circumstances. The author also considers the relevance of deontological and consequentialist arguments for the return of cultural property,

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Farrugia, David, John Smyth, and Tim Harrison. "Moral Distinctions and Structural Inequality: Homeless Youth Salvaging the Self." Sociological Review 64, no. 2 (2016): 238–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-954x.12252.

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Abbate, C. E. "Meat Eating and Moral Responsibility: Exploring the Moral Distinctions between Meat Eaters and Puppy Torturers." Utilitas 32, no. 4 (2020): 398–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820820000072.

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AbstractIn his influential article on the ethics of eating animals, Alastair Norcross argues that consumers of factory raised meat and puppy torturers are equally condemnable because both knowingly cause serious harm to sentient creatures just for trivial pleasures. Against this claim, I argue that those who buy and consume factory raised meat, even those who do so knowing that they cause harm, have a partial excuse for their wrongdoings. Meat eaters act under social duress, which causes volitional impairment, and they often act from deeply ingrained habits, which causes epistemic impairment.

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Krauz-Lahav, Noa, and Adriana Kemp. "Elite without Elitism? Boundary Work and the Israeli Elite Philanthropy in a Changing Field of Power." Social Problems 67, no. 2 (2019): 324–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spz015.

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AbstractThe crisis of neoliberalism and the upsurge of populist politics have renewed interest in how contemporary economic elites justify their privileged position, trying to be “moral” and “rich” in an era of increasing inequality and an anti-elite climate. We addressed this question through an ethnographic analysis of the socio-cultural life of the heirs of the Israeli economic elite and of the boundary-making processes that philanthropy allows them as they face internal and external challenges. Adopting analytical tools from a cultural process approach to inequality and a contextual approa

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de Mesquita Silveira, Matheus. "Sentimentos e utilidade: uma investigação da moral em bases humeanas." Problemata 11, no. 5 (2020): 200–227. http://dx.doi.org/10.7443/problemata.v11i5.52093.

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The article main purpose is to develop an argument concerning the central problem of Hume's practical philosophy. The initial approach consists in determine the influence that reason and sentiments have on how moral judgments are ordinarily made. It will be argued that the base of moral distinctions is found in sentiments, with reason having an instrumental role in the process. In order to explain which principle offers a north to sentiments and is the moral compass of individuals, the second point developed in this article converges to investigating moral sentiments and utility from the humea

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21

Sutton, Elizabeth. "Judith Leyster’s A Boy and a Girl with a Cat and an Eel: An Intersectional Approach." Arts 13, no. 5 (2024): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts13050150.

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In A Boy and a Girl with a Cat and an Eel, concerns about class, decorum, and civility intersected with contemporary dialogue about the distinction between humans and animals, specifically, how human children needed to be educated to be distinguished from the wild, uncivilized state of animals and peasants. Both animals held significance surrounding behaviors that separated the moral from the immoral; cats and eels were pets and food, and they were used in baiting pastimes: cat clubbing and eel pulling. Paired with the children, Leyster’s choice of animals raised multiple moral questions and a

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22

Olson, Jonas. "Hume's sentimentalism: Not non-cognitivism." Belgrade Philosophical Annual 1, no. 34 (2021): 95–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/bpa2134095o.

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This paper considers and argues against old and recent readings of Hume according to which his account of moral judgement is non-cognitivist. In previous discussions of this topic, crucial metaethical distinctions-between sentimentalism and non-cognitivism and between psychological and semantic non-cognitivism-are often blurred. The paper aims to remedy this and argues that making the appropriate metaethical distinctions undermines alleged support for non-cognitivist interpretations of Hume. The paper focuses in particular on Hume's so-called 'motivation argument' and argues that it is a poor

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Bobo, Lawrence D. "ON OUR MORAL COMMUNITIES." Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race 9, no. 1 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742058x12000045.

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Notions of race and the full-blown ideologies of racism that often accompany such social distinctions are not now nor have they ever been entirely static phenomena. Much, and arguably too much, social scientific research proceeds as if race and racism were relatively transparent, discrete, and static phenomena. Furthermore, such a perspective implies that lacking such transparency and fixity, race and racism have lost force and salience in social life. Such phenomena need not be fixed or simplex in order to profoundly affect how individuals in a society live or in order to be made the focus of

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Pitson, Tony. "Hume and Humanity as ‘the foundation of morals’." Journal of Scottish Philosophy 17, no. 1 (2019): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/jsp.2019.0223.

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There is an ongoing debate as to whether there is a major difference between Hume's accounts of morality in the Treatise and the second Enquiry. This has tended to focus on the role of sympathy in each case, but more recently the greater emphasis on humanity in the Enquiry as compared with the Treatise has been used to support a non-reconciliation view of the relation between these accounts. So far as humanity's role in relation to the moral sentiments is concerned, I question whether it can provide the moral point of view associated with moral approval and disapproval. Considered as a motive

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Sultana, Irum, and Kulsoom Fatima. "Importance of Moral Education in Educational Institutions in the Context of Islam: An Analytical Study." Al-Wifaq 5, no. 1 (2022): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.55603/alwifaq.v5i1.e4.

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Allah Almighty made man and woman the noblest of Creatures and endowed them with many attributes and distinctions. In which knowledge and morality are of fundamental importance. Knowledge is related to the human mind, while morality is related to the human heart. Education is one of the most important means of improving one's morals and healing one's heart and soul. Man is endowed with the faculties of both Good and Evil, the spirit of goodness is within him and the desire for evil is entrenched in him. Education draws man toward goodness and away from evil in this conflict of good and evil, t

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Gligorov, Nada. "The Applicability of Psychological and Moral Distinctions in an Emerging Neuroscientific Framework." AJOB Neuroscience 7, no. 4 (2016): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21507740.2016.1252448.

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Haque, Adil Ahmad. "Protecting and Respecting Civilians." New Criminal Law Review 14, no. 4 (2011): 519–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nclr.2011.14.4.519.

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There is a gap between the international humanitarian law of Geneva and the international criminal law of Rome, a gap between the law we have and the law we need if we are to “ensure respect for and protection of the civilian population” caught in the midst of armed conflict. The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court fails to fully enforce four core principles of humanitarian law designed to protect civilians: distinction, discrimination, necessity, and proportionality. As a result, it is possible for a combatant with a culpable mental state, without justification or excuse, and in

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Gerber, Lisa. "A Word Against Misanthropy." Journal of Philosophical Research 46 (2021): 73–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/jpr20211013180.

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Ian Kidd and David Cooper each develop a revisionist conception of misanthropy as the critical judgment and moral condemnation of humanity based on entrenched, ubiquitous, and pervasive human failings. I offer two objections to this revisionist conception since it equates the imputation of humanity with misanthropy and because it fails to address the worse form of misanthropy, which is the hatred and contempt of humanity. In the final section, I argue that we should not become misanthropes or develop a misanthropic stance. Misanthropy fails to make important distinctions about vulnerability an

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Papsheva, L. V., and E. A. Grischenko. "Personal Determinants of Decision-Making Process in a Situation of Moral Choice." Izvestiya of Saratov University. Educational Acmeology. Developmental Psychology 3, no. 3 (11) (2010): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18500/2304-9790-2010-3-3-62-68.

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The process of influence of personal determinant (the generated motives, valuable orientations and requirements) on decision-making in a situation of moral choice is considered in the article. The revealed distinctions in acceptance of morally significant decisions from features of personal determinants are described.

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Cléro, Jean-Pierre. "Les croisements de l’éthique et des morales entre francophonie et anglophonie à l’âge classique." Lumen 40 (November 3, 2021): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1083165ar.

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During the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, French authors did not ignore the word “éthique,” but neither did they make it play a specific role in their works like they did with “morale,” their preferred term. By contrast, English writers were more likely than their counterparts to distinguish “Ethicks” from “Morals.” Consequently, it is mainly in English-language writings that the separation of the two terms can be found. The key authors invested in refining these distinctions are Locke, Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, and Bentham—the last one being the philosopher who enacted the splittin

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Colgrove, Nick. "Subjects of ectogenesis: are ‘gestatelings’ fetuses, newborns or neither?" Journal of Medical Ethics 45, no. 11 (2019): 723–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2019-105495.

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Subjects of ectogenesis—human beings that are developing in artificial wombs (AWs)—share the same moral status as newborns. To demonstrate this, I defend two claims. First, subjects of partial ectogenesis—those that develop in utero for a time before being transferred to AWs—are newborns (in the full sense of the word). Second, subjects of complete ectogenesis—those who develop in AWs entirely—share the same moral status as newborns. To defend the first claim, I rely on Elizabeth Chloe Romanis’s distinctions between fetuses, newborns and subjects of ectogenesis. For Romanis, the subject of par

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KAMM, F. M. "Responses to Commentators on Intricate Ethics." Utilitas 20, no. 1 (2008): 111–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953820807002944.

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Some of the commentators on Intricate Ethics (IE) complain of my method. One finds the main ideas ‘Kammouflaged’ because the relevant causal distinctions are so fine-grained and the cases that illustrate them so numerous (Richardson, p. 82). Some say that they do not have the intuitions about many cases that I have, that I concoct dubious and ad hoc distinctions and invest them with moral significance; I am Ptolemaic in that new crystalline spheres and epicycles are constantly being added in an attempt to fix the appearances (Norcross, p. 74).

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Karin-Frank, Shyli. "Genetic Engineering and the Autonomous Individual." Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 22 (September 1987): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100003763.

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The aim of this paper is to expose the unique muddle in which moral philosophy finds itself with regard to genetic engineering. The latter can be essentially defined as the correcting of nature's mistakes at their source, the DNA acid molecule of the gene. I shall discuss the moral nature of genetic engineering with respect to a single issue: the potential harm it may inflict upon the autonomous individual. I shall also consider the distinctions between genetic engineering and other activities affecting human existence, in order to establish that the moral issues presented by genetic engineeri

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Karin-Frank, Shyli. "Genetic Engineering and the Autonomous Individual." Royal Institute of Philosophy Lecture Series 22 (September 1987): 213–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957042x0000376x.

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The aim of this paper is to expose the unique muddle in which moral philosophy finds itself with regard to genetic engineering. The latter can be essentially defined as the correcting of nature's mistakes at their source, the DNA acid molecule of the gene. I shall discuss the moral nature of genetic engineering with respect to a single issue: the potential harm it may inflict upon the autonomous individual. I shall also consider the distinctions between genetic engineering and other activities affecting human existence, in order to establish that the moral issues presented by genetic engineeri

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Nahra, Cinara. "ALTRUISM AND MORAL ENHANCEMENT." Kriterion: Revista de Filosofia 61, no. 147 (2020): 633–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-512x2020n14704cn.

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ABSTRACT In this article I will be discussing what altruism is, distinguishing altruistic motivations (pure and impure) and altruistic behaviour (soft and robust). Pure altruism is when the motivation to benefit another is exclusively to increase the other's welfare, and impure altruism is when the motivation to benefit another is solely to increase your own wellbeing, or includes on some level, increasing your own welfare. Soft altruism is helping behaviour and robust altruism is improving the welfare of another individual at the expense of the altruist. Having made these distinctions I move

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Eristadora, Stephanie, Ahmad Habibi, Faisal Baehaqi, Tiyas Vika Widyastuti, and Anis Mashdurohatun. "Comparison of Moral and Economic Rights Between Indonesia and France." Journal of Contemporary Law Studies 2, no. 1 (2024): 30–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/lawstudies.v2i1.2156.

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This article endeavors to conduct a comprehensive legal juxtaposition of moral and economic rights within the contexts of Indonesia and France. Intellectual property rights, specifically copyright, constitute the focal point of analysis, safeguarding various forms of creative expression encompassing literary, artistic, and scientific works. Within the realm of copyright, a fundamental distinction exists between economic rights, which are subject to arbitrary transfer, and moral rights, which inherently vest with the creator or artist and resist divestiture. Employing conceptual and normative a

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Hare, R. M. "Objective Prescriptions." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 35 (September 1993): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246100006214.

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I offer no apology for presenting a simple paper about what is essentially a simple subject: the objectivity of moral judgments. Most of the complications are introduced by those who do not grasp the distinctions I shall be making. I am afraid that they include the majority of moral philosophers at the present time. These complications can be unravelled; but not in a short paper. I have tried to do it in my other writings (see esp. Hare 1981: chs 1, 12 and refs).

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Hart, T. A. "Sinlessness and Moral Responsibility: A Problem in Christology." Scottish Journal of Theology 48, no. 1 (1995): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0036930600037285.

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Our concern in this paper will be with the traditional Christian claim that Jesus of Nazareth was ‘tempted in all respects as we are, yet without sin.’ (Heb.4:15) In its dogmatic, as opposed to its biblical, version, this claim can be identified in two distinct forms. First there is what we may denote the weaker form, in which it is claimed simply that in actual fact Jesus committed no sin: and second there is the stronger form according to which he was actually and in principle quite incapable of committing sin. Put differently, in terms of the distinctions of scholastic theology, we may eith

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Jankovic, Stefan. "Sociological field, fractal distinctions and morals: On emergence of analytical sociology." Sociologija 61, no. 1 (2019): 5–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/soc1901005j.

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In the past quarter of century, sociology encountered several distinct attempts that assign themselves a task of ample reconstruction of disciplinary grounds. Analytical sociology grows among these, as a peculiar tangle of solutions filled with causalist language common to epistemology which preceded the relativist blow in the 1960s, focused on explaining the individual actions as ?original? sense of sociologist?s job and restoration of Merton?s mid-range theory. By following Pierre Bourdieu?s theory of scientific field and the Andrew Abbott?s model of fractal distinctions, this paper seeks to

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Derryberry, W. Pitt, Travis Wilson, Hannah Snyder, Tony Norman, and Brian Barger. "Moral Judgment Developmental Differences Between Gifted Youth and College Students." Journal of Secondary Gifted Education 17, no. 1 (2005): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4219/jsge-2005-392.

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In order to better understand contributing factors of moral judgment development, gifted youth and college students were compared. Moral judgment development, ACT scores, attributional complexity, and descriptors of personality were assessed among 140 college students and 97 gifted youth. Important distinctions favoring the gifted sample were seen among aspects of all considered variables. Stepwise hierarchical regression models noted that there was variability in how these variables accounted for the moral judgment developmental variance of each group. Discussed are explanations for the diffe

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Chapman, Bruce. "Rational Environmental Choice: Lessons for Economics from Law and Ethics." Canadian Journal of Law & Jurisprudence 6, no. 1 (1993): 63–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s084182090000179x.

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In an interesting and thoughtful book The Economy of the Earth: Philosophy, Law and the Environment, Mark Sagoff provides us with a sustained critique of the methods used by economists to inform environmental policy and regulation. He debunks the relevance of the efficiency criterion in particular, even when it is supplemented with a concern for equity, and argues that environmental problems are better analyzed in moral, aesthetic, cultural, and political terms. To make this argument, Sagoff relies on four key distinctions. These distinctions, which overlap to some extent, are drawn between: (

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Rasmussen, Maria. "Provocation and Diminished Capacity in Nordic Criminal Law: Two Rationales for Mitigating Crimes of Violence Committed in an Agitated State of Mind." Bergen Journal of Criminal Law & Criminal Justice 11, no. 2 (2023): 27–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/bjclcj.v11i2.4098.

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One of the key distinctions when assessing crimes of violence, such as intentional homicide and assault, is that between acts committed in ‘cold’ and ‘hot blood’. The last term refers to acts committed in an intense emotional state, usually in response to a perceived insult from the victim. In the penal codes of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, mainly two types of mitigating circumstances are associated with these acts. These mitigating circumstances can be referred to as ‘provocation’ and ‘diminished capacity’. In this article, the division between these two types of different provisions is challe

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Kuhn, Steven T., and Serge Moresi. "Pure and Utilitarian Prisoner's Dilemmas." Economics and Philosophy 11, no. 2 (1995): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266267100003424.

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The prisoner 's dilemma game (henceforth, PD) has acquired large literatures in several disciplines. It is surprising, therefore, that a good definition of the game is hard to find. Typically an author relates a story about captured criminals or military rivals, provides a particular payoff matrix and asserts that the PD is characterized, or illustrated, by that matrix. In the few cases in which characterizing conditions are given, the conditions, and the motivations for them, do not always agree with each other or with the paradigm examples elsewhere. In this paper we describe several varieti

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Osguthorpe, Richard D. "On the Possible Forms a Relationship Might Take between the Moral Character of a Teacher and the Moral Development of a Student." Teachers College Record: The Voice of Scholarship in Education 111, no. 1 (2009): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016146810911100107.

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Background/Context The claim of a relationship between a teacher's moral character and a student's moral development has its roots in a rich philosophical tradition. It is a tradition that maintains that the young acquire virtue by associating with virtuous people in a virtuous community. In this way, it is assumed virtue is acquired by example and imitation. Recently, this relationship has received increased attention from philosophers of education, who emphasize the importance of the moral character of the teacher in bringing about the proper moral development of the student. Purpose/Objecti

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Bleeker, Helena. "The Ethics of Pre-Implantation Genetic Diagnosis in Practice: An Analysis of the Feasibility and Ethical Considerations of Applying and Regulating Genetic Enhancement." Revue interdisciplinaire des sciences de la santé - Interdisciplinary Journal of Health Sciences 3, no. 2 (2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18192/riss-ijhs.v3i2.1343.

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<span>Pre-Implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) has many therapeutic and enhancement ap- plications. In a previous work, I presented arguments in favour of all types of PGD, whether for medical therapies or human enhancement. These arguments were based on the absence of moral distinctions between genetic therapy and genetic enhancement. The implication of these arguments is that, if one cannot distinguish between therapy and enhancement on moral grounds, then all PGD applications must be either moral or immoral. Although logically speaking this argument may be true, in practice I believe

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Lewis, Colin Joseph. "Xunzi’s Ritual Model and Modern Moral Education." European Journal for Philosophy of Religion 13, no. 2 (2021): 17–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.24204/ejpr.2021.3307.

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While the early Confucians were largely content to maintain the rituals of ancient kings as the core of moral education in their time, it is not obvious that contemporary humans could, or should, draw from the particulars of such a tradition. Indeed, even if one takes ritual seriously as a tool for cultivation, there remains a question of how to design moral education programs incorporating ritual. This essay examines impediments faced by a ritualized approach to moral education, how they might be overcome, and how a ritual method could be developed in modernity. I contend that a Confucian not

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Babic, Jovan. "Neuroethics and philosophy." Filozofija i drustvo 25, no. 2 (2014): 181–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fid1402181b.

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Neuro-ethics is probably fastest growing part of applied ethics. The main thesis is that certain natural processes in brain and nerves produce certain moral, and immoral, behaviors. All these processes can be explained causally, and (if this is so) neuro-ethics might be the final result of neuroscience. There are some metaphysical and ethical pitfalls to be considered, however, like the (incorrect) conflation of causal explanation and rational justification in definingvalues, not only non-moral values but moral values as well. Certainly, the knowledge of how neurological processes function cou

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Megone, Christopher. "One Concept of Liberty." Political Studies 35, no. 4 (1987): 611–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.1987.tb00208.x.

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In this paper I argue in favour of a single conception of liberty, that picked out by Berlin as negative liberty. However, Berlin's defence of liberty so understood seems to rest on a view not open to the moral realist. The first half of the paper explains this and suggests an alternative defence compatible with such a moral position. The defence rests on an account of why we value freedom. In the second half of the paper this negative conception is defended against recent criticism from Charles Taylor. His appeal to qualitative distinctions within freedom is queried, as is the conception of t

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Altman, Andrew. "GENOCIDE AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY: DISPELLING THE CONCEPTUAL FOG." Social Philosophy and Policy 29, no. 1 (2011): 280–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052511000033.

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AbstractGenocide and crimes against humanity are among the core crimes of international law, but they also carry great moral resonance due to their indissoluble link to the atrocities of the Nazi regime and to other egregious episodes of mass violence. However, the concepts of genocide and crimes against humanity are not well understood, even by the international lawyers and jurists who are most concerned with them. A conceptual fog hovers around the discussion of these two categories of crime. In this paper, I draw a number of distinctions aimed at clarifying the concepts. I distinguish three

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Sova, Suchana. "Rescuing Masked Doctor-Patient Relationship Enforced by Covid-19: Integrating Empathy in the Healthcare System." Dhaka University Studies 79, no. 1-2 (2023): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.62296/dus202212007.

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Abstract: The Covid-19 pandemic has posed a critical moral challenge for medical professionals due to its highly contagious nature that can cause severe respiratory disease and death. As a result, conventional doctor-patient relationships have collapsed since the pandemic. Patients and medical personnel are negatively impacted when social distancing is enforced due to concerns about viral transmission. How to provide high-quality services and maintain professional moral standards in such critical conditions is discussed in this paper, emphasizing empathy as a key moral virtue for professional

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