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Yang, Jie 1983. "Moral education in the emerging Chinese society." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100220.
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Since the "reform and opening-up" policy, Chinese society has been greatly affected by rapid industrialization, the installation of a market economy, and exposure to Western ideas and practices. These changes are having an impact on the current moral education program in varying degrees of intensity. The purpose of this thesis is to develop a framework for moral education in a meaningful and practical manner, and to provide an antidote to the current confusion regarding values in China. This thesis examines moral theories from both Eastern and Western perspectives. It focuses on Confucianism and Storytelling primarily. Confucianism, specially the Five Constant Virtues, still has practical value for a modern Chinese society. The storytelling approach, it is argued, creates the opportunity for critical thinking and self-reflection, and embraces both traditional and modern concerns. I conclude that a new moral education curriculum integrating Confucianism and storytelling is particularly promising in this regard.
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Sharakiya, Abisi Msamaki. "The moral polity." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253793.
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Ronnegard, David. "Corporate moral agency and the role of the corporation in society." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430065.
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Frank, John W. "Transformational Leadership and Moral Discourse in the Workplace and Civil Society." UNF Digital Commons, 2002. http://digitalcommons.unf.edu/etd/212.
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This study was grounded in the theory and practice of transformational leadership, where leaders function as moral agents of change as they facilitate values talk (moral discourse) among their constituents. The study took its cue from Rost's call for a new paradigm for leadership ethics that calls for methods of group moral decision making to assess organizational and social ends. The inquiry sought to better understand how leaders engage others in moral conversation and how such processes influence organizational culture and democratic civil society.
The methodology was qualitative and phenomenological as it was centered on leaders' perceptions of their experiences in diverse organizational settings across public, private, and social sectors. Data was collected through focus groups and individual interviews and analyzed through the constant comparative method. Data was also interpreted within the socio-political context of a communitarian worldview that postures moral discourse as a means to identify shared values that build social capital and sustain the common good. Other theoretical contexts draw from discourse ethics, adult critical pedagogy, and moral development.
The findings of the study put forth a typology of moral discourse framed in categories that include: conversational venues, individual and social impediments to the conversation, communicative dynamics that stimulate the conversation, speech actions, speech styles, functions of moral discourse, and specific leader practices that advance the conversation. Implications for practice in the workplace are framed in areas of organizational development and business ethics. Other implications are considered for the practice of democratic deliberation.
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Higgins, Matthew. "Moral engagement : critical theory, ethics and marketing." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368979.
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Tomm, Jonathan Michael. "The "legalist paradigm" and the resources for moral critique in international society." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32357.
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This thesis explores the "legalist paradigm," an important approach to the ethics
of international relations, and addresses the question of whether the legalist paradigm has
adequate resources for moral critique. Chapter One presents a synopsis of the legalist
paradigm, drawing especially on the work of Robert Jackson, Michael Walzer, and Terry
Nardin. The central contention of the legalist paradigm is that ethics in international
relations should be worked out primarily in terms of the rights and duties of states in
international society. Three key points of this approach are identified. First, states relate
to each other within the normative order of international society. Second, respect for state
sovereignty is connected to respect for human individuals. Third, international society is
a "practical association" whose members are united not by common purposes or ideals,
but by recognition of a common code of conduct that limits the actions states can take in
pursuit of their individually-held purposes.
Chapter Two focusses on an important criticism of this approach to international
ethics: that given its commitment to the norms of international society, the legalist
paradigm will find it difficult, if not impossible, to be critical of those normative
standards themselves. This essay argues, on the contrary, that the legalist paradigm holds
considerable resources for moral critique. Drawing on the theories of Michael Walzer and
Jürgen Habermas, the possibilities for immanent critique from within the norms of
international society are explored. The example of humanitarian intervention and the
"responsibility to protect" illustrates how genuine moral transformation can occur
through reinterpretation and revision within international society. Finally, even though
the discourse of international society, like all moral discourse, strains toward universally
valid norms, it cannot be replaced by the imagined discourse of a universal, moral point
of view.Arts, Faculty of
Political Science, Department of
Graduate
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Matsane, Molefi Andrew. "Moral regeneration : the role of the church in reviving morality in the society." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/32937.
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This thesis seeks to be an answer, to the unanswered questions. The writer tries to
page back, and find out that which is lost in human kind. The writer tries to find out
society in which he was born and nurtured. A society characterised by good morals,
virtues, good standards and culture. Something is lost in humanity. What is that? -
Morality.
The present society seems to contradict the latter society. The present lifestyle
seemed to have no morals. If they do, they must have inherited from somewhere.
They see to have lost respect for other people's property etc.
South Africa's, new dispensation seemed to have eroded Ubuntu away. I am trying
to recapture, revive, relive, and resuscitate morality back in the agenda of every
South African. How? Moral regeneration is the vision or dream of the South
African Deputy President. But I believe it has taken a wrong direction. Politicians
cannot lead moral regeneration. Instead the church must lead it, because the church
has the spirituality.
The answer to moral decay is in the church. The church need to teach, rebuke and
lead by example on morality. It shall not compromise its gospel of Jesus Christ.
Today, South Africa is facing a serious crisis of sexuality, unfaithfulness in
marriages, corruption, unemployment, HIV Aids etc. morality is the broad concept,and in this thesis I've confirmed myself In addressing: sexuality, marriage
unfaithfulness and corruption.
Moral regeneration can be realised in this country, the church can address
unfaithfulness in marriages, sexuality and corruption vigorously. Parliament cannot
legislate on these issues. But the church can consciously teach people
responsibilities coupled with democracy.
Zeerust, is the small town in the North West Province. I have chosen to write this
thesis from Zeerust context. The reason being, I have pastoral oversight of
Methodist people in Zeerust and surrounding villages. Zeerust shares the same
problems the country is facing that of corruption, sexuality and unfaithfulness in
marriages.
Lastly, the church needs to take seriously the cultural factors of its indigenous
people. Before we became Christians, we were Africans. The church must be ready
to learn from people's cultures, and the way they kept moral uprightness. Dialogue
and consultations is a dire need between the church and the culture, between
theologians and African healers. This thesis says the church is the answer to moral
regeneration.Dissertation (MA(Theol))--University of Pretoria, 2004.
lk2013
Practical Theology
MA(Theol)
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Sewell, Patrick. "Acting Ethically: Behavior and the Sustainable Society." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2007. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3916/.
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One of the most important factors for creating the sustainable society is that the individuals in that society behave in an environmentally sustainable fashion. Yet achieving appropriate behavior in any society is difficult, and the challenge is no less with regards to sustainability. Three of the most important factors for determining behavior have recently been highlighted by psychologists: personal efficacy, social influence, and internal standards. Because these three factors play a prominent role in behavior, it is necessary to examine what role they play in creating sustainability and how they may be utilized to achieve optimal behavior patterns. Ultimately, in order to achieve sustainability solutions must focus on individual action, realistic governmental regulation, and sustained, direct encounters with the natural world. While much time and energy has been spent on social influence and personal efficacy, less has been devoted to internal standards and this area needs more attention if there is to be any realistic attempt at creating proper behavior patterns.
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Holmes, Rose. "A moral business : British Quaker work with refugees from fascism, 1933-39." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54158/.
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This thesis details the previously under-acknowledged work of British Quakers with refugees from fascism in the period leading up to the Second World War. This work can be characterised as distinctly Quaker in origin, complex in organisation and grassroots in implementation. The first chapter establishes how interwar British Quakers were able to mobilise existing networks and values of humanitarian intervention to respond rapidly to the European humanitarian crisis presented by fascism. The Spanish Civil War saw the lines between legal social work and illegal resistance become blurred, forcing British Quaker workers to question their own and their country's official neutrality in the face of fascism. The second chapter draws attention to both the official structures and the unofficial responses of humanitarian workers. Female domestic servants were the largest professional category of refugees from fascism to enter Britain. Their refuge was largely negotiated by other women, which has not been acknowledged. In the third chapter, I focus on intimate histories to approach a gendered analysis of humanitarian intervention. Finally, I argue that the Kindertransport, in which Quaker leadership was essential, represents the culmination of the interwar voluntary tradition and should be seen as the product of a complex, inter-agency effort. I argue that the Quaker work was hugely significant as a humanitarian endeavour in its own right. Beyond this evident and momentous impact, the Quaker work should be seen as a case study for the changing role of both voluntarism and humanitarianism between the wars. This dissertation illustrates the ways in which the interwar period saw both the professionalization of the humanitarian sector, and an increasing recognition that governments had to support private charities in their humanitarian responses to international crises.
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Kirby, Nikolas Norman Patrick. "A society of equals : the meaning, justification and implications of our basic moral equality." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e7953411-b057-47cc-b3b3-48e0645bb5c8.
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This is a thesis about our basic moral equality as human beings: its meaning, its justification and its implications for our society. It offers the fundamental principles of how we are obligated to live together in a Society of Equals. Its major conclusions are as follows. First, whilst there is more than one meaning to the claim that 'we are one another's basic moral equals', the most important meaning for political philosophy is that each individual has Equal Authority. More specifically, each individual has fundamental authority over herself, and herself alone. Secondly, the justification of this fundamental authority over ourselves lies in our common limitation: we are all fallible. Further, we are not merely all fallible in the sense that any one of our beliefs could be false, but also in the sense that we have no non-circular way of judging the reliability of any of our beliefs. This aspect of our natural epistemic position justifies our equal, fundamental, practical authority over ourselves alone. Finally, the most important implication of this justification is that each individual's most basic reason for action is to promote not merely her own, but each and every individual's compliance with her fundamental authority over herself. It follows that each individual has decisive reason to constrain her own compliance with her own fundamental authority over herself, where necessary, to allow the equal promotion of someone else's compliance with her fundamental authority over herself. This principle is called 'Equal Respect'. Upon this principle of Equal Respect arises an architectonic System of Right, and correlative duties, that is called Equal Sovereignty. Under this system, our rights and duties with respect to one another are distributed in accordance with a hypothetical auction and insurance scheme to ensure that each individual is truly sovereign over their own equal share of the world.
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Mattmann, Philippe. "Le défi moral et médical des témoins de Jéhovah." Nantes, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NANT3573.
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Taghavi, Seyed Mohammad Ali. "Culture in the public domain and the challenge of multiculturalism : a critical examination of Taylor, Raz and Rorty." Thesis, University of Hull, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343000.
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Hörküç, Hasan. "Said Nursi's ideal for human society : moral and social reform in the Risale-i Nur." Thesis, Durham University, 2004. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1754/.
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Sundin, Linnea. "Kan man lagstifta om mod : En kvalitativ studie av förslaget på en civilkuragelag i Sverige." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-19045.
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Jag vill med denna uppsats belysa frågan om man i Sverige bör införa en allmän skyldighet att hjälpa nödställda. Syftet är att undersöka vilken betydelse en sådan så kallad civilkuragelag skulle kunna få för samhällsmoralen. Genom att använda mig av relevant samhällsvetenskaplig teori om bland annat medmänsklighet, moral, tillit, normer och socialt kapital vill jag sätta frågan i ett sociologiskt perspektiv. Jag har genomfört intervjuer med jurister och juridikstudenter för att få deras perspektiv på frågan. Frågan har jag sedan analyserat utifrån deras svar och utifrån de teorier och den tidigare forskning jag använt mig av. Resultaten av intervjuerna visar att informanterna i allmänhet är skeptiskt inställda till införandet av en civilkuragelag i Sverige. Nackdelarna, bland annat risken att färre skulle våga träda fram som vittnen till brott om en civilkuragelag införs, tycks överväga fördelarna i frågan. Man kan konstatera att lagen möjligen skulle kunna stötta människors moraliska tänkande. Informanterna såg dock andra faktorer, bland annat goda förebilder och en trygg omgivning, som mer betydelsefulla för samhällsmoralen.
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Johansson, Linda. "Autonomous Systems in Society and War : Philosophical Inquiries." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Filosofi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-127813.
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The overall aim of this thesis is to look at some philosophical issues surrounding autonomous systems in society and war. These issues can be divided into three main categories. The first, discussed in papers I and II, concerns ethical issues surrounding the use of autonomous systems – where the focus in this thesis is on military robots. The second issue, discussed in paper III, concerns how to make sure that advanced robots behave ethically adequate. The third issue, discussed in papers IV and V, has to do with agency and responsibility. Another issue, somewhat aside from the philosophical, has to do with coping with future technologies, and developing methods for dealing with potentially disruptive technologies. This is discussed in papers VI and VII. Paper I systemizes some ethical issues surrounding the use of UAVs in war, with the laws of war as a backdrop. It is suggested that the laws of war are too wide and might be interpreted differently depending on which normative moral theory is used. Paper II is about future, more advanced autonomous robots, and whether the use of such robots can undermine the justification for killing in war. The suggestion is that this justification is substantially undermined if robots are used to replace humans to a high extent. Papers I and II both suggest revisions or additions to the laws or war. Paper III provides a discussion on one normative moral theory – ethics of care – connected to care robots. The aim is twofold: first, to provide a plausible and ethically relevant interpretation of the key term care in ethics of care, and second, to discuss whether ethics of care may be a suitable theory to implement in care robots. Paper IV discusses robots connected to agency and responsibility, with a focus on consciousness. The paper has a functionalistic approach, and it is suggested that robots should be considered agents if they can behave as if they are, in a moral Turing test. Paper V is also about robots and agency, but with a focus on free will. The main question is whether robots can have free will in the same sense as we consider humans to have free will when holding them responsible for their actions in a court of law. It is argued that autonomy with respect to norms is crucial for the agency of robots. Paper VI investigates the assessment of socially disruptive technological change. The coevolution of society and potentially disruptive technolgies makes decision-guidance on such technologies difficult. Four basic principles are proposed for such decision guidance, involving interdisciplinary and participatory elements. Paper VII applies the results from paper VI – and a workshop – to autonomous systems, a potentially disruptive technology. A method for dealing with potentially disruptive technolgies is developed in the paper.QC 20130911
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Alexander, Carol Anne. "Missional leadership : a Christian response to cultural shifts, authority structures and moral ambiguities in contemporary western society." Thesis, Bangor University, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520855.
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Fok, Shui Che. "The changing society of Hong Kong in the post-war period and its implications for moral education." Thesis, University of London, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261074.
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Larose, Mary Elizabeth. "The congruence between the values of the principal and the values espoused in the mission of a Quaker School /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1995. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/12136499.
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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1995.Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Josue Gonzalez. Dissertation Committee: Pearl Rock Kane. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 154-159).
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Howard, Rachelle Erika. "Acknowledging Morality in Methodology." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2694.pdf.
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Hughes, Diana Campaspe. "The art of Paolo Veronese : its relationship to the social and moral thought of sixteenth-century Venetian society." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594097.
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Richardson, Brent Gentry. "The relationship between moral and ego development and treatment foster parent effectiveness and attitudes." W&M ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618832.
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An extensive review of the literature on foster parent effectiveness yielded only one study (Horner and Ray, 1990) specifically focusing on "treatment" foster parents. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between moral and ego development and treatment foster parent effectiveness and attitudes. The Defining Issues Test, Washington University Sentence Completion Test, and Adult-Adolescent Parenting Inventory were administered to 103 treatment foster parents and the Treatment Foster Parent Effectiveness Scale was completed for each of the foster parents by their primary caseworker. The design was descriptive utilizing correlational comparisons between each of the variables. Additionally, the variables were considered in combination with demographic variables: gender, age, race, marital status, education, and foster parenting experience.;Treatment foster parents who exhibited higher levels of moral reasoning were more likely to display more appropriate and nurturing parenting attitudes. The ability to empathize was found to be positively related to treatment foster parents' overall effectiveness as well as their level of ego and moral development. The results also suggest that treatment foster parents may have more nurturing and appropriate attitudes than "regular" foster parents. Treatment foster mothers also displayed more appropriate and nurturing attitudes than treatment foster fathers. The findings from this study coupled with previous research linking higher cognitive developmental stage with more effective teaching, parenting, and counseling skills substantiate a rationale for applying a cognitive developmental framework for screening, training, supervising, and developing treatment foster parents.
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Poznan, Kristina Elizabeth. "National Remedies for National Evils: The Problem of Universal Reform and Race in the American Moral Reform Society, 1835-1841." W&M ScholarWorks, 2011. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539720310.
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Bastani, Nava Corinne. "A project proposal for the formation of People's Theatre : a community drama project for the moral development and empowerment of the youth in Hout Bay /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1670.
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Covinhavo, Domingos Braz Alfredo. "A relação entre os ensinamentos morais da cultura Macua e o ensino de Educação Moral e Cívica na 6. classe do 2. grau do Ensino Básico." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2006. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9923.
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Previous issue date: 2006-08-02This research paper is going to discuss issues related to moral and civic education in grade 6 for the basic teaching of education in Mozambique. It aims to establish the complementary and affirmation to link between moral knowledge and civic that is transmitted through schools and the moral teachings that are taught through songs and proverbs in the family and community environment. This mission of valuing and ransoming the local and cultural moral teaching in the school teachings comes from observation of teachers as reflections of complaints of many parents or local household guardians who has their children attending or have finished their studies in the second cycle of primary school. The complaint of the parents has to do with some local and teaching themes that are not included in the national curriculum. The natural and qualitative research is based in the social-cognitive theory in its contextual and learning approaches that excel social-cultural dimension learning sensibility. In the realization of this research, teachers, parents of the children s speeches of the second cycle of primary school of Ehiline was privileged. This school is located in Rapale community, Nampula district in the province of the same name. The literature about the issue of moral and civic education, the proposal for basic teaching curriculum plan about the inclusion of local curriculum in the national curriculum and the laws nº4/83, of 23 march 1983, and nº 6/92 of 6 May 1992 were the tools used for this research. The research revelled that most of teachers in their daily exercise activity are limited to repeat in the form of explanation the moral knowledge from the manual. On the other hand, children demonstrate what they have learned from school by repeating what they heard from their teachers. These two attitudes, of teachers and children in the process of learning and knowledge of school morals contribute for overlooking the local and cultural teachings in the daily life of the children
O presente trabalho versa sobre o ensino de Educação Moral e Cívica, na 6ª classe do Ensino Básico em Moçambique. Visa estabelecer uma relação de complementaridade e afirmação entre os conhecimentos morais e cívicos veiculados pela escola, e os ensinamentos morais transmitidos por meio de contos e provérbios no ambiente familiar e/ou pela comunidade. Essa missão de valorizar e resgatar os ensinamentos morais da cultura local no ensino dos conhecimentos da escola vem da observação, como professor, e da reflexão sobre as reclamações de muitos pais ou encarregados de educação locais, que têm seus filhos ou educandos a frequentar ou que concluíram o 2º Grau do Ensino Primário. As reclamações dos pais condenam a exclusão dos conteúdos locais no currículo nacional. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, apoia-se na teoria sociocognitiva, na sua abordagem da aprendizagem contextualizada, que preconiza uma sensibilidade à dimensão sociocultural na aprendizagem. Na realização da pesquisa privilegiou-se o discurso dos professores, alunos e pais/encarregados de educação, da Escola Primária Completa de Ehiline da comunidade de Rapale, situada no distrito de Nampula, Província do mesmo nome; a literatura sobre o assunto; as propostas do Plano Curricular do Ensino Básico sobre a inclusão do Currículo Local no Currículo Nacional e as Leis nº 4/83, de 23 de Março de 1983, e nº 6/92, de 6 de Maio de 1992. A pesquisa revelou que os professores nas suas actividades didácticopedagógica limitam-se a repetir, em forma de explicação, os saberes morais do manual. As criança, por outro lado, demonstram que compreenderam e sabem o que lhes foi ensinado repetindo o discurso dos professores. Estas duas atitudes, dos professores e das crianças, no processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos saberes morais escolares, contribuem para o "esquecimento" dos ensinamentos morais da cultura local na vida quotidiana das crianças
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Rosa, Bruno Ferreira da. "Direito, moral e sociedade civil: estudos sobre a \'intersubjetividade negativa\' na Filosofia do Direito de Hegel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-15102015-131657/.
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Esta dissertação consiste de um estudo da Filosofia do Direito de Hegel tomando como fio condutor o modo como se apresenta, no interior dessa obra, as relações de reconhecimento recíproco travadas sob o signo da exclusão e/ou limitação recíprocas, ou seja, sob o signo da intersubjetividade negativa. Procurou-se explorar os nichos onde tais formas de intersubjetividade aparecem, sucessiva e respectivamente, no Contrato (Vertrag) entre pessoas jurídicas, na Ação (Handlung) encetada a partir do ponto de vista moral e, por fim, no caso da Sociedade Civil (bürgerliche Gesellschaft), no sentido de mostrar como esses nichos de intersubjetividade negativa se reportam, cada um por sua vez, a um modelo de relações de reconhecimento recíproco positivo ou inclusivo capaz de fazer frente às forças disruptivas liberadas por aquele. O caso da sociedade civil se torna exemplar na exploração dessa contraposição entre dois modelos de intersubjetividade ao se apresentar como um conceito que procura não reduzir todo o âmbito da sociedade à esfera do sistema de carecimentos (System der Bedürfnie), por conseguinte, à uma intersubjetividade negativa/excludente, mas contrapor a esta, no interior mesmo da sociedade civil, uma esfera de intersubjetividade positiva conceituada por Hegel sob a rubrica das corporações (Korporationen) capaz de recompor as relações éticas e fazer a passagem para a esfera do Estado.This work consists of a study in Hegel\'s Philosophy of Right taking as guide line the concept of \"negative intersubjectivity\", that is, the relations of recognition based on mutual limitation or reciprocal exclusion. We sought to explore that concept, respectively, in the shape of the Contract (Vertrag), of the Action (Handlung) based on the \"moral point of view\", and in the philosophical arrangement imposed by Hegel to his concept of Civil Society (bürgerlich Gesellschaft). The aim was to show that \"negative intersubjectivity\" is always reporting itself towards a \"positive\" one, which in turn can counter the disruptive energies liberated by the first one. In this regard, Hegel\'s concept of civil society (bürgerlich Gesellschaft) is strategic: rather than reduces it to the \"system of needs\" (System der Bedürfnie), that is, reduces it exclusively to negative relations of recognition, Hegel ascribed to the corporations (Korporationen) the role of containg the disruptive forces which the market spreads, and to recompose the ethical relations wich enables the transition to Estate.
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Snowden, Suzanne. "Is “Sluta skjut” the silver bullet to reduce violent crime in Malmö? A constructivist grounded theory approach exploring public perception of crime and crime prevention programmes." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25523.
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Narita, Felipe Ziotti [UNESP]. "Moral, educação e religião na civilização da infância no Segundo Reinado (1854-1879)." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144646.
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Dans cette thèse, j’analyse le rôle de l’éducation, de la morale et de la religion dans la construction des images et des savoirs sur l’enfance à Rio de Janeiro au XIXe siècle. Cette démarche est delimité par des réformes importantes concernant l’enseignement primaire: la réforme du ministre Couto Ferraz en 1854 et la réforme du ministre Leôncio de Carvalho en 1879. Il s’agit d’une période où l’enfance est effectivement apparu à l’horizon politique de l’Empire brésilien à partir de processus sociaux d’éducation spécifiques: la publication des manuels scolaires, les débats des élites culturelles sur l’instruction et l’éducation et la formation des préoccupations institutionalisées à l’égard de l’enfance (écoles, conférences publiques, instituts d’enseignement, etc.). La recherche est basée sur rapports officiels de l’Empire, documents des institutions d’enseignement et charité, manuels scolaires, journaux et documentation manuscrite. Dans l’ordre politique impérial, instruction, éducation et moralisation forment un ensemble pour la structuration de l’enfance dans la mesure où cette dynamique constitue les rélations entre une sphère de l’éducation et sa cohérence dans une forme sociale fondée sur la routinisation des valeurs du champ de la moralité.
Neste trabalho pretendo analisar o lugar da educação, da moral e da religião na construção de imagens e de saberes sobre a infância na Corte imperial (Rio de Janeiro), especificamente no período compreendido entre as duas importantes reformas do ensino: a reforma do ministro Couto Ferraz, em 1854, e a do ministro Leôncio de Carvalho, em 1879. Trata-se de um momento em que a infância era efetivamente objetivada nas atenções do Império a partir de processos de educação específicos, já que, além da produção livresca destinada àquele público (tanto livros de leitura quanto livros didáticos), os grupos letrados debatiam dimensões da instrução/educação em congressos e periódicos, apoiando, inclusive, a formulação de preocupações intitucionalizadas para a educação da infância (escolas, conferências públicas, institutos para crianças cegas e surdas, asilos para crianças desvalidas e sociedades de instrução). A pesquisa está fundamentada, sobretudo, em relatórios oficiais do Império, documentos de instituições de ensino e de caridade, livros escolares, periódicos e pareceres manuscritos de professores. Instruir, educar e moralizar: três fundamentos para que os jovens engenhos fossem inseridos no conjunto da sociedade imperial – momento em que a infância era construída, sobretudo, no horizonte político do Império, estabelecendo alguns importantes nexos entre uma nascente esfera educacional e a coerência de sua forma social estruturada a partir da rotinização de valores do campo da moralidade.
In this thesis, my purpose is to analyze how education, morals and religion constitute structural relations in the formation of images and knowledge on childhood in nineteenthcentury Rio de Janeiro. I analyze this problem between two important political reforms in education: the first was conducted by minister Couto Ferraz in 1856, and the second was implemented by minister Leôncio de Carvalho in 1879. In formulating this cronological approach, I would like to emphasize this period as an important moment in the emergence of childhood on the political horizon of the Brazilian Empire, taking into account important social processes that took place in Imperial Brazil from the 1850s through the 1870s: schoolbooks publication, institutionalized attentions on the education of children (schools, public lessons, asylums) and debates concerning instruction and education. The research is based on official reports, schoolbooks, newspapers and manuscripts. Instruction, education and moralization are understood in terms of structuration process of an educational sphere which gives a definite form to a society through the prism of the routinization of values from the realm of morality.
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Lord, Sarah Peregrine. "Ways of Being in Trauma-Based Society: Discovering the Politics and Moral Culture of the Trauma Industry Through Hermeneutic Interpretation of Evidence-Supported PTSD Treatment Manuals." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1403198245.
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Williams, John Tyerman. "Bearers of moral and spiritual values : the social roles of clergymen and women in British society, c.1790-c.1880, as mirrored in attitudes to them as foxhunters." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330012.
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Ayang, Ondo Marie-Madeleine. "La notion de bien-être physique et moral : relation et interaction dans l’œuvre de George Eliot." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCH010.
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Cette étude se propose d’analyser la notion de bien-être dans les écrits de George Eliot afin de mettre en avant l’individu dans ses rapports à l’autre : autrui, animal et environnement, dans la construction et l’obtention du bien-être aussi bien physique, moral que personnel et social, et nous étudions l’éthique et l’esthétique qui s’en réclament. Pour la romancière, le bien-être trouve sa source dans le malaise qu’éprouvent les individus dans la société britannique du dix-neuvième siècle. Penser le bien-être revient dès lors à se préoccuper prioritairement des relations et des interactions individuelles. Cette vision relationnelle du bien-être revient également à prendre en compte les régularités sociales relatives à la vie communautaire, le lien émotionnel et symbiotique de l'individu avec la nature floristique et faunistique, ainsi que son unicité et celle de l'environnement dans lequel il évolueThis dissertation analyzes the concept of well-being in the writings of George Eliot in order to account for the question of the individual in his/her relationships with the other and others such as animals and the environment so as to obtain physical, moral as well as personal and social well-being along the resulting ethics and aesthetics. For the novelist, well-being finds its source in the individuals’ suffering in British nineteenth-century society. Conceiving well-being from Eliot’s point of view therefore means giving priority to individual relationships and interactions. This relational vision of well-being amounts to considering the social regularities related to community life, the emotional and symbiotic bond of the individual with the flora and fauna nature, as well as his uniqueness and that of the environment in which he lives
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Lindeberg, Josefine. "Bedömningen av skadeståndet : En komparativ studie mellan den svenska och den amerikanska skadeståndsrätten." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-127521.
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Skadeståndsrätten är en mycket omdiskuterad del av civilrätten, bland annat på grund av åsiktsskiljaktigheter gällande skadeståndets funktion. Vissa hävdar att skadeståndet är till för att prevenera mot skadliga handlingar, andra anser att reparationen eller kompensationen är den främsta grunden för ersättning. En anledning till skadeståndets omstriddhet är därför bland annat storleken på ersättningen. Den anses ibland bedömas skönsmässigt, ibland enligt en standardiserad schablon men kanske oftast efter den faktiskt lidna ekonomiska skadan. I USA, existerar compensatory damages och punitive damages. Compensatory damages är likt vårt skadestånd i Sverige. Punitive damages beskrivs som ett extrakompenserande skadestånd, ofta i avskräckande syfte. Dock finns det betydligt fler funktioner som förknippas med punitive damages, varav vissa går att korrelera med svensk rätt, andra är väldigt unika för det amerikanska rättssystemet. Storleken på punitive damages har liksom det svenska skadeståndet, debatterats flitigt, både i USA och i Sverige. Den historiska utvecklingen av de båda ländernas skadeståndsrätt har varit mycket lik varandra, men det är tydligt att så inte är fallet idag. Skadestånden i USA är betydligt större och bedöms utefter andra grunder, även om både Sverige och USA har samma tankar om skadeståndets syfte. Den här uppsatsen belyser likheterna och skillnaderna mellan den amerikanska och den svenska skadeståndsrätten. Den klarlägger även grunderna för skadeståndet och huruvida det svenska skadeståndet kan eller borde för ändras samt grunderna därför.
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Johansson, Anders. "Risk and Responsibility in the GMO Discourse." Thesis, Linköping University, Centre for Applied Ethics, 2003. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-1855.
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An application of biotechnology that has been rapidly matured under the last ten years is genetically modified food. The deliberative release of GMO faces the challenge of complying with sustainable development and implies a precautionary approach to all possible risk involved. This study purpose is to investigate the problems of risks concerning deliberative release of GMO and to define the question of responsibility. These two themes, risk and responsibility, are discussed in relation to society, citizens, corporations andscience. A more profound understanding of the relation between risk and responsibility in the GMO context could contribute to the sensitivity and deliberation in bio-politics, so it better can cope with democratic governance, public debate and risk deliberations.
Politicians and other decisions-makers have a responsibility to assure that they have sufficient knowledge and understanding for the issue at hand before taking any decision. A responsible bio-politics departs from the precautionary principle in decisions making, gaining knowledge in dialogue with concerned GMO actors and tries to correspond to sustainable development. Hence, knowledge and understanding is needed which are reached in dialogue with other parties in order to allowed values, attitudes and knowledge to be deliberate more extensively.
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Caizergues, Quentin. "The Happy Prince : A Paradoxical Aesthetic Tale and a Dual Critique of Victorian Times." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20750.
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This essay highlights The Happy Prince’s advantageous use of conventions of the fairy tale genre to stress critical issues of the Victorian period: the challenge of the established Christian socio-moral order, the rising of the bourgeois industrial society, and the advent of aestheticism as a response. Using the close reading technique supported by the Victorian socio-historical background, the analysis establishes that the criticism proceeds by double associations. Firstly, the clear structure of the tale, enriched by a plethora of aesthetical features and suitable narrative processes, is propitious for children’s access to a message calling for more human generosity. Meanwhile, subtle analogies to the Christian imagery appear blurred by paradoxical elements. This prevents a definite religious interpretation from adults to which those messages are intended. Secondly, in connection with aestheticism, a social and moral criticism takes the form of a satire of the utilitarian vision of the bourgeoisie and a questioning of the common Victorian beliefs: the link between beauty and moral integrity, as well as the moral code of femininity. Finally, the utilitarian discourse and the disapproval of the research for pleasure from beauty merging with a hedonist vision, advocate an “art for art’s sake” free of these respective considerations.
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Martin, Donna. "Narrative connections : promoting the moral economy of fair trade : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Sociology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand." Massey University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10179/1174.
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Fair trade is an alternative approach to international trade. It is both a social movement and an economic approach that aims to make trade fair for the many small scale producers disadvantaged in international trade. This thesis explores the discursive devices used by fair trade organisations to promote fair trade. These devices have two roles: to promote an ethical connection from consumer to producer and to involve the consumer in the work of fair trade through purchasing behaviour and political action. This second role refers to the politicisation of consumption whereby shopping becomes an act of political solidarity with disadvantaged producers. I explore these devices through narrative analysis, focusing on a thematic analysis of Trade Aid’s publication, Vital. My research is framed by Michael Goodman’s (2004) work on the semiotic production of fair trade. The concept of a reflexive consumer is explored. This is the idea that consumer awareness of the conditions surrounding production can lead to purchasing decisions that reflect care for the distant producer. This opening up of the concept of consumption involves an active and engaged consumer who chooses to purchase fair trade because they feel a connection to the work of these organisations. I am interested in the particular form this information takes in Vital. I apply narrative research methods to explore the meta-narrative of fair trade promoted in Vital that tells the reader about the work of fair trade organisations, the impact this has on the lives of producer and how they can be involved in the story as a consumer and as a global citizen.
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Eliasson, Sofia, Emelie Larsson, and Karin Olne. "Sjuksköterskans möte med etiska situationer och problem." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle (HOS), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-15491.
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I den dagliga vården möter sjuksköterskan ständigt situationer som har ett etiskt perspektiv. En utvecklad personlig etisk förmåga och en god kännedom om egna och andras värden är en betydelsefull del vid dessa möten. För att kunna möta etiska problem måste också den egna och patientens sårbarhet uppmärksammas och reflekteras. Sårbarheten kan ses som en tillgång, men kan också upplevas som en påfrestning som leder till känslomässig stress och ohälsa. På grund av denna påfrestning är det betydelsefullt att identifiera de situationer som sjuksköterskan uppfattar som etiskt problematiska samt beskriva upplevelsen av dessa för att kunna ge patienten en bättre vård. Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskans upplevelser av etiska situationer och problem inom omvårdnaden. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie där 18 vetenskapliga artiklar bearbetades och analyserades. Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskor drivs av en vilja att göra det bästa för patienten, och när inte denna vilja kan följas upplevs etiska situationer och problem. De upplevde underbemanning, bristande kompetens och oetiskt beteende hos kollegor som faktorer som gav upphov till etiska situationer och problem. Trots en medvetenhet om vad som är rätt och fel i en situation, begränsades sjuksköterskan av olika faktorer att bedriva god vård med patienten i fokus. För att öka den etiska medvetenheten krävs etisk reflektion samt forskning om hur sjuksköterskan använder etiska teorier, principer och riktlinjer i den vardagliga omvårdnaden.In everyday health care the nurse is constantly confronted with situations presenting ethical issues. A developed personal ethical ability and a good knowledge of one´s own and others´ values is an important part in dealing with such situations. To be able to meet ethical issues the vulnerability of one´s own and of the patients´ must also be noticed and reflected upon. The vulnerability can be seen as an asset, but can also be experienced as a strain which leads to emotional stress. Because of this strain it is important to identify the situations that nurses experience as ethical complicated along with describing the experience of these situations. The aim of this study was to describe the nurse´s experience of ethical situations and issues in nursing practice. The study was conducted as a literature review where 18 research articles were processed and analyzed. The results showed that the nurse is compelled by a desire to do what is best for the patient. When this desire cannot be followed, ethical situations and issues arise. Nurses experienced understaffing, lack of competence and unethical behavior among colleagues as factors leading to ethical situations and issues. Despite a consciousness of what is right and wrong in certain situations, the nurse was limited by different factors in providing quality care with the patient in focus. Reflection of ethical issues and further research on how the nurse uses and applies ethical theories, principles and guidelines in the daily nursing practice, are all needed, in increasing ethical awareness. Awareness, in turn, leads to a “platform of courage” in confronting ethical issues.
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Fleming, James. "The Moral Economy of Swedish Labour Market Co-operation and Job Security in the Neoliberal Era." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kulturantropologi och etnologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447536.
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In the neoliberal era, there has been a global trend towards increased labour market insecurity and inequality, even in countries traditionally emblematic of union strength and socio-economic security such as Sweden. In this study, I present the first ethnographic research conducted in anthropology of negotiations between the central Swedish union and employer peak bodies (known as the ‘labour market partners’). These negotiations were conducted in 2020 against the background of a political crisis and political pressure to modernise and liberalise longstanding and fundamental job security protec- tions in the Employment Protection Act (LAS). Through the lens of these negotiations, I investigate the role of the labour market partners in moderating neoliberal trends and how the partners see their relationship and role in society. I investigate, for example, why Swedish employers support unions and a system that ostensibly curbs their own power. I employ the notions of moral economy and em- bedding to look beyond economic self-interest, to the moral and institutional norms that help explain the partners’ co-operation over time and the role they see themselves as playing as guardians of the social peace. I also incorporate interview material describing diverse workers’ experiences of the current job security protections under LAS. I argue that workers’ voices and experiences reveal a parallel moral economy, where current job security protections are revealed to be important but inadequate, and that job security is a highly nebulous, ambivalent and contextual phenomenon. I argue the moral economy of job security is one of entangled reciprocity between employer, worker and the state, and I consider the proposed reforms in this context. The study shows that even in the context of increasing market- isation of labour and society, reciprocity and cooperation both at the workplace and during the LAS negotiations serve to de-commodify labour and embed the economy in various moral norms. In this way, the research contributes to the anthropological literature on embeddedness and moral economy. It also contributes to both an ethnographic and theoretical understanding of job security.
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Bastani, Nava Corinne. "A project proposal for the formation of People’s Theatre : a community drama project for the moral development and empowerment of the youth in Hout Bay." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2149.
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Thesis (MPhil (School of Public Management and Planning))--University of Stellenbosch, 2007.In the present chaos surrounding society, youth are in dire need of tools that will enable them to navigate life’s tests and help them understand their role in building a new world civilisation. It is not enough though merely to hear and profess grand ideals, action needs to accompany words. Action happens when ethics and spiritual principles are integrated at a deep level and become part of an individual’s character. The following mini thesis is a project proposal for the formation of a Drama Workshop called People’s Theatre. People’s Theatre aims to help youth become of service to humanity through the internalization of morals and through the realization of their spiritual identity and their oneness with the entire human race. The project proposal begins with an explanation of why the project is being implemented on a local level and where it fits in on a global level. The project utilises three component parts that are seen as necessary if the project is to be sustainable. There are dramatic, moral education and service component parts to the project. The dramatic component will focus particularly on the ZIPoPo method which has been chosen due to it being a powerful medium of expression as well as its focus on positive decision making and moral development. Following this, the project proposal goes into detail concerning the necessary steps needed to be taken in order to practically implement the project and make it a success. The format follows a typical project proposal format. Another factor that was decided upon in order to help make the project more sustainable was that the project would be divided into three main phases. These phases are talked about throughout the proposal. There is also an analysis about why certain activities were chosen and how to take advantage of any opportunities that may arise and lead to the further success of the project. Particular attention was paid to how to make the project truly sustainable and participatory and in this way enable it to succeed. Empowerment begins by teaching people how to walk their own path to development. The following project proposal provides a detailed plan on how to help youth to do just that.
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Rosa, Seleste Michels da. "Nelson Rodrigues : o revolucionário reacionário." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/14956.
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Nossa pesquisa insere-se em um grande grupo de críticas que propõe leituras para a obra rodrigueana, que, desde o surgimento dos primeiros textos, tem criado discussão e tem sido por isso analisada através das mais diversas teorias. Queremos propor a análise de quatro das mais controversas peças de Nelson Rodrigues e, já que isso esbarra em aspectos políticos, analisar a posição intelectual do autor, bastante polêmica em um momento de divisão política muito clara. Primeiro mostramos o contexto em que a obra insere-se, considerando: a intelectualidade, a sociedade e a recepção da obra. Depois, lembramos da posição manifesta do autor através das crônicas culturais, nas quais se afirma reacionário. Em seguida, a fim de mostrar a qualidade revolucionária dos textos de Rodrigues, escolhemos o grupo de peças míticas: Álbum de família (1946), Anjo negro (1947), Senhora dos afogados (1947) e Dorotéia (1949). Esse grupo nos pareceu mais interessante porque nele o autor busca uma aproximação ao modelo grego de tragédia e foge da ambientação direta, como acontece nas tragédias cariocas. Nossa análise enfatiza uma perspectiva histórico-antropológica através de Freyre (2004), Holanda (1977) e DaMatta (1985 e 1990), que revelam os problemas sociais e culturais do Brasil apontados criticamente por Nelson Rodrigues; e uma perspectiva filosófica e psicanalítica da moral, através de Nietzsche (1998) e Freud (1974), que esclarecem os conflitos morais assinalados pelo autor. Por fim, mostramos que através da fórmula trágica, que também traz um componente político, o autor revela sua face revolucionária, pondo em debate no teatro justamente os pontos que a sociedade brasileira mais tentou ocultar em seu processo civilizatório.Our research project is part of a larger group which proposes readings of the works of Nelson Rodrigues. Since they were published, these works have generated a lot of discussion and thus have been analyzed through a set of different theories. We aim at providing one more little piece for this infinite puzzle, proposing an analysis of four of the most controversial plays by Nelson Rodrigues and taking into account the intellectual position of the author, which was very polemic at a time of very clear political disunion.We first set the work in context, considering intellectuals, society and the reception of the work. Then, we recollect the manifest position of the author on his cultural chronicles, in which he states that he is politically conservative. After that, in order to highlight the revolutionary quality of the texts by Nelson Rodrigues, we select a group of mythic plays: Álbum de família (1946), Anjo negro (1947), Senhora dos afogados (1947) and Dorotéia (1949). This group of plays has called our attention once it shows the attempt of the author in coming closer to the model of the Greek tragedy and in escaping from the direct setting, as it normally happens in the “carioca” tragedies. Our analysis mainly tries to provide a historic-anthropological perspective, based on Freyre (2004), Holanda (1977) and Damatta (1985 e 1990), who reveal the social and cultural problems in Brazil which were critically pointed out by Nelson Rodrigues. It also tries to provide a philosophical and psychoanalytical perspective of the moral based on Nietzsche (1998) and Freud (1974), who clear up the moral conflicts pointed out by the author. By using the tragic formula, which also brings about a political component, the author shows his revolutionary face, opening debate at the theatre exactly about the points which the Brazilian society has mostly tried to omit in its civilizatory process.
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Burdsall, Tina Dawn Lillian. "The Effects of Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Religion on Formal End-of-Life Planning." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/976.
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Individuals who are facing death today are doing so in an environment that is significantly different than it was in the past. Medical technology is increasingly able to keep people alive even with multiple complex chronic conditions. While these advances in medicine are beneficial to many, it can also unnecessarily prolong inevitable deaths. Concerns over the ability to have a death that is in alignment with personal values has increased the interest in the use of formal end-of-life planning including writing an advance instructional directive and assigning a durable power of attorney for health care. Although research has indicated that the use of these formal planning strategies is beneficial, not everyone completes them. Using a current nationally representative sample, the three specific aims of this study were to examine whether there are racial and ethnic differences in formal end-of-life planning done by older African American, Hispanic, and White adults; to examine socioeconomic factors including education and income in formal end-of-life planning as well as assess the contribution of these factors in explaining racial and ethnic differences in formal end-of-life planning; and to examine the role of religiosity in formal end-of-life planning and to assess its influence on racial and ethnic differences in explaining formal end-of-life planning.
Logistic regression was run on data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) in order to analyze the completion of formal end-of-life plans by African American, Hispanic, and White decedents. Exit interviews conducted with knowledgeable proxies in 2008 or 2010 were combined with data from earlier waves of the HRS survey in order to analyze the completion of formal end-of-life plans, race and ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and religion.
Both Blacks and Hispanics were less likely to complete a written advance directive, assign a proxy, or complete both forms of formal planning than were Whites. Group differences remained after controlling for region of death and cause of death. Both Blacks and Hispanics were less likely to complete any form of formal planning than Whites. Group differences remained after additionally controlling for gender, age, marital status, whether the decedent had children, income, education, religious preference, importance of religion, and frequency of attending religious services. Higher levels of income and education both increased the odds that formal advance planning would take place. Religious preference was not significant, but decedents who had stated that religion was very important were less likely to plan while those that attended services frequently were more likely to plan.
I speculate that the role of cultural capital may partially explain the persistent racial and ethnic disparities and the importance of income and education. Additionally the dominant religious doctrines of Christianity may have a greater influence than the different religious teachings of Protestant and Catholics around end-of-life medical care. Contrary to expected findings, reference groups of those who attend religious services frequently may assist in formal planning. These finding may help guide interventions that can diminish disparities in the end-of-life experience. Understanding who are completing formal plans can help ensure end-of-life care that is in alignment with personal beliefs and values.
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Pla, Vargas Lluís. "Consumo, identidad y política." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/97165.
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A lo largo del siglo XX, la literatura sobre la sociedad de consumo ha acogido un acuerdo sorprendente entre sus críticos situados a la izquierda y a la derecha del espectro político. El argumento que compartían, y todavía comparten muchos de ellos, es que el orden económico del capitalismo agota el significado de su cultura, fagocitando o extinguiendo todas las interpretaciones alternativas a o críticas con ese orden. Y, en lo que no constituye más que una diferencia de grado, mientras que, para sus críticos liberales, el capitalismo articula y organiza los deseos, las aspiraciones y las acciones de los individuos limitando su libertad, su racionalidad y su sensibilidad, para sus críticos marxistas, el capitalismo las destruye al imponer su estructura deshumanizada sobre los individuos. Así pues, ya sea desde un lado, ya desde el otro, concentrándose en los perjuicios del sistema capitalista, muchos de estos críticos han pasado enteramente por alto la peculiar ubicación intermedia del consumo, que siempre está a medio camino de la producción y la reproducción social, de lo económico y lo cultural, de lo material y lo simbólico, de lo colectivo y lo individual.
Consumo, identidad y política pretende sortear estas dos visiones sin abandonar en ningún caso la idea de que la sociedad de consumo emerge del desarrollo capitalista, pero añadiendo, a continuación, que son las modalidades culturales generadas en esta sociedad las que son relevantes para comprender qué hacen los consumidores, cómo lo hacen y de qué modo interpretan lo que hacen. En este sentido, la tesis pretende tender un puente entre las explicaciones sociológicas clásicas del capitalismo (particularmente, las Karl Marx y Max Weber) y las teorías contemporáneas de la cultura del consumo (en concreto, las de Mary Douglas, Roberta Sassatelli y Alan Warde). Tal puente procuraría salvar dos abismos: de un lado, la naturalización del capitalismo y, del otro, el discurso apocalíptico acerca del consumo como máscara risueña de la opresión, falso consuelo de los proletarios o dinamitador efectivo del capital social.
El objetivo que se abriga es entender la sociedad de consumo como un espacio donde, a través de prácticas diversas en las que se incorpora el uso de bienes y servicios, las personas pueden, frente al trasfondo de la mercantilización capitalista, desarrollarse autónomamente, ejercer una cierta cuota de libertad, establecer relaciones significativas con otras personas y el entorno natural y, en definitiva, tener una vida con sentido. Las prácticas sociales, que se constituyen como un espacio intermedio entre la totalidad social y la particularidad subjetiva, son los espacios donde es posible perseguir el sentido. Es en ellas donde es posible observar cómo la sociedad de consumo imprime sus huellas sobre la textura de la vida cotidiana, la identidad de las personas y las formas de la política. De ahí que el objetivo fundamental de la tesis se desdoble en dos: por un lado, hay que hacer ver cómo la sociedad de consumo occidental derivó del orden económico del capitalismo, y, por otro, hay que hacer ver cómo las prácticas de uso de bienes y servicios han modulado, modulan y modularán la determinación de aquél imprimiendo, en cada caso, huellas diversas sobre el mundo humano. Este desdoblamiento es lo que justifica la existencia de dos partes diferenciadas.
La primera parte, titulada ¿Sociedad de consumo¿, revisa, a partir de las perspectivas de Marx y Weber, los rasgos y la historia de la sociedad de consumo occidental contemporánea. Esta parte incluye, además, algunas de las caracterizaciones teóricas que la han abordado críticamente durante su etapa fordista (en concreto, los trabajos de Theodor W. Adorno, John K. Galbraith, Paul Baran y Paul Sweezy) y algunas de las que lo han hecho en su deriva postfordista (Jean Baudrillard, Gilles Lipovetsky y Zygmunt Bauman). La segunda parte, titulada ¿Huellas del consumo¿, consta de tres capítulos. En el primero de ellos, se ajusta el enfoque metodológico usado hasta este momento y se pasa de abordar el concepto de consumo a partir de la noción filosófica de praxis a hacerlo desde el punto de vista de la práctica (Praktik), en la línea de los trabajos de Andreas Reckwitz y Alan Warde. Ello posibilita ver el consumo como un uso social de bienes y servicios, culturalmente denso, situado en el contexto de prácticas concretas. Con tal enfoque en la mano, se sostiene que la sociedad de consumo imprime sus huellas en todas las dimensiones de la vida humana. Los dos capítulos finales pretenden hacer ver cómo sucede ello, y en qué configuraciones concretas se muestra, en el caso de la identidad y la política.
La conclusión de carácter más general y fundamental que se ha procurado establecer consiste en asumir que si bien es cierto que la sociedad de consumo emergió como un producto del capitalismo, incluso en cierto momento como una estrategia necesaria para su supervivencia, es preciso entender los comportamientos de las personas en este marco no como productos unidireccionales y netos de su determinación, sino como resultados variados y complejos de una dialéctica que se establece en cada fase de su historia entre el trasfondo sociocultural de la mercantilización capitalista y las configuraciones de sentido que rodean el encaje del individuo en sus grupos de pertenencia en prácticas concretas.
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Nellist, Christine. "Towards an animal theology in Eastern Orthodox Christianity." Thesis, University of Winchester, 2017. http://repository.winchester.ac.uk/682/.
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My thesis advances the overarching hypothesis that the Eastern Orthodox Church has sufficient teachings to develop a theology which tackles the difficult subject of animal suffering. However, during the review of theological academic literature I identified a gap between what might be termed Orthodox theory and its practice. In essence the overarching hypothesis is broken down into three component parts: i) That Eastern Orthodox teachings allow for the formulation of an ‘Animal Theology’ of the Eastern Orthodox Church; ii) That there is a gap between Orthodox theory and practice on this theme both at academic and pastoral level; iii) That the abuse and exploitation of animals has negative soteriological consequences for those who indulge in such practices; those who know but are indifferent to animal suffering and those who know and are concerned but fail to act in order to reduce or prevent that suffering. Different methodologies were used for the different areas of research which range from biblical exegesis and neo-patristic synthesis, to the formulation of new empirical research collected via questionnaires to animal protectionists in Cyprus and interviews with Orthodox theologians in Cyprus and the UK. In the final two chapters contemporary Eastern Orthodox voices are brought into play in order to advance theological reflection on the sin and evil inherent in animal suffering and the soteriological implications for those who abuse and exploit the non-human creation. Academic theology can often be abstract in nature and viewed by many as irrelevant to contemporary life. I do not believe this is the case and throughout this thesis I have provided examples of how Orthodox teachings can be applied to contemporary animal suffering issues. In addition I have provided an outline for a seminary project which focuses on a) the spiritual and ontological interconnectedness of God’s Creation; b) the seminarian’s role as Icon of Christ and c) how these two elements should dictate the priest’s treatment and relationship with animals and the environment. I have also provided frameworks for a Master’s Dissertation on the theme and an Eastern Orthodox Animal Protection group. Finally, it is worth noting the impact of this research thus far, which has resulted in the first Master’s Dissertation on the theme by an Eastern Orthodox priest; a public statement by the Holy Synod of Cyprus; the establishment of an Eastern Orthodox Animal Protection group in Cyprus and an academic paper presented at an international conference on Religion and Animal Protection by one of Orthodoxy’s leading theologians, Metropolitan Kallistos Ware. Leading Orthodox theologians are aware of this thesis and are supportive of its vision; as a result I believe the previously identified gap between the theory and the practice will reduce in the foreseeable future.
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Ek, Imelda Helena. "Erotic Insanity : Sex and psychiatry at Vadstena asylum, Sweden 1849-1878." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för kultur och estetik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-146255.
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The early nineteenth century saw the emergence of institutional psychiatry across Europe. Aware that Sweden had fallen behind in this development, Parliament decreed in 1823 that a number of specialised institutions for the care of the insane were to be established. The Vadstena asylum, opened in 1826, was the first such institution in Sweden. The aim of this study is to examine medical interpretation of and responses to erotic behaviour in psychiatric practice at the Vadstena asylum in the period 1849-1878. The book places the theme of the erotic, a topical subject in nineteenth-century public debate, in the context of psychiatry as an emerging specialty in Sweden. The book explores how erotic behaviour was conceptualised as disease, and the nature of therapeutic intervention in erotic cases, in order to present a more nuanced image of nineteenth-century medical attitudes to sexuality. By highlighting the superintendency of physician Ludvig Magnus Hjertstedt, and linking his account of an 1845 study tour through Europe to medical practice at Vadstena, the study situates responses to erotic patients in a period when psychiatry claims authority over human sexuality. In methodological terms, the study applies critical questions inspired by revisionist scholarship to a body of empirical source material. Focusing on a single institution, and conducting in-depth readings of case notes – with regard to language, form, and function – allows the study to highlight the everyday practice of the asylum physician in his encounters with male and female erotic patients, including the use, importance and diagnostic integrity of the concepts nymphomania, erotomania and masturbation. Hjertstedt’s travel journal provides insight into the physician’s medical philosophy, informing the analysis of diagnostic and interpretive procedures, while connecting medical practice at Vadstena to its European paragons. The results indicate that while the use of specific diagnostic terms to describe erotic behaviour was infrequent, therapeutic and managerial intervention shows that sexual acts and expressions of desire were considered disturbing and dangerous symptoms in both male and female patients. The analysis thus makes visible a gap between psychiatric theory and asylum practice, emphasising uncertainties and complexities inherent in the latter. While erotic behaviour could be considered indicative of illness, it might also be interpreted as a lack of character or a result of insufficient moral instruction. The asylum’s regime of work and moral instruction was designed to restore health as well as sound values and appropriate behaviour in its patients, indicating a medical culture at Vadstena which was both curative and normalising.
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西野, 節男, and Setsuo Nishino. "マレーシアにおける教育改革とイスラーム化政策 : 価値多元化への対応をめぐって." 日本教育学会, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/10867.
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Mercader, Victor. "Study of the ethical values of college students." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2006. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0001545.
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Webber, Megan. "London charity beneficiaries, c. 1800-1834 : questions of agency." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/17339.
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In recent decades historians have 'discovered' agency in a wide range of geographical and temporal contexts, amongst many different types of actor. This dissertation employs the concept of agency to dissect the dynamics of power in early nineteenth-century London charities. Concurrently, it uses charity to test the potential applications of agency as a historical concept and as a tool for historical analysis. Through case studies of five different types of charity in early nineteenth-century London, this dissertation explores the varied ways in which plebeians exercised their agency. The case studies engage with current definitions of agency 'intentional action, resistance, the defence of rights and customs, exerting control over one's own life, autonomy, strategy, choice, and voice' and test the boundaries of the concept, proposing different ways in which scholars might characterise agency. This dissertation not only examines how the poor exerted their agency, but also how philanthropists conceptualised the agency of the poor. Although agency had a different set of meanings in the early nineteenth century than it does today, Georgian commentators nevertheless discussed the same phenomena that historians today label as agency. This dissertation considers how philanthropists attempted to mould the agency of their beneficiaries and how the agency of the poor shaped charitable organisations. For all its prevalence, agency is an under-theorised and problematic concept. There is no consensus about what agency is or how to locate it. As a result, agency is a slippery concept that seems to elude meaning. Historians are often so personally invested in the project of recovering the agency of subalterns that they underestimate the structural constraints acting on agency or they project modern conceptions of agency on to the subjects of their study. This dissertation subjects agency to critical examination that is long overdue. It argues that agency, as an 'essentially contested' concept, is a powerful tool for dissecting subtle and diverse dynamics of power. This dissertation proposes and demonstrates ways in which scholars can employ the concept usefully, mitigating its problematic aspects.
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Ashfaq, Muhammad. "The crime of aggression : a critical historical inquiry of the just war tradition." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/13671.
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Why has international society been unable to develop political and judicial collective-security arrangements to limit external aggression? The thesis argues that efforts to limit aggression in moral and legal theory have created an unjust order in which great powers have used these theoretical traditions to reinforce their power in the global order. The thesis argues that is not a new development but can be found in one of the oldest traditions of moral reflection on war, the just war tradition. To substantiate this point, the thesis critically surveys the philosophers of the ancient Greek, Roman, Medieval Christian Renaissance, and early modern theorists of just war and demonstrates that their just war ideas contain assumptions about exclusion, identity and power reflecting their cultural superiority which underlie the practices and theories of the leading states and justifications of their aggressive wars. The thesis connects these moral reflections to the emergence of modern international law and the European pluralist international society of states based on mutual respect for sovereignty and the norm of non-intervention, highlighting how justifications of its colonial aggression against non-Europeans established an unjust solidarist order against them which persists in the post-Cold War era. To conclude it presents suggestions for improvement in the current pluralist international arrangements to address the issue of aggression.
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Dolezal, Ashley Gayle. "International public relations : perceptions of the effects of language usage and culture on codes of professional standards." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/722.
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This -study identifies how language usage and culture affect international PR practitioners in three Western cultures-- America, England and Australia.
Likewise, this study examined how language usage and culture affect three major PR organizations-- PRSA in America, CIPR in England and PRIA in Australia. Content analysis and in-depth interviews were conducted with PR practitioners and members of all three PR organizations to address the following three research questions: (1) What is the impact of language usage on the ethics and professional practice of professional public relations? (2) What is the impact of culture on the ethics and professional practice of professional public relations? and (3) How does language usage and culture effect the professional practice of international organizations?
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Valdivielso, Navarro Joaquín. "La filosofía política de André Gorz. Las sociedades avanzadas y la crisis del productivismo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de les Illes Balears, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/9428.
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El cambio social acaecido las últimas décadas desafía la filosofía política. André Gorz puede ser definido como un crítico moderno del productivismo como uno de los mitos fundantes de la modernidad. Revisa críticamente la tradición socialista mostrando la necesidad de reconsiderar la utopía y actualizar las ideologías emancipatorias. En cuanto a epistemología y ontología, asume una combinación de teoría social de la acción básicamente marxista, con una visión fenomenólogica-existencialista del sujeto. Su contribución clave es la descentralización y la reconsideración de la idea de trabajo, como mediación central en la interacción social y el metabolismo naturaleza-sociedad. No ha sido permeable al giro lingüístico y la crisis del sujeto en la filosofía contemporánea, pero ha abierto una perspectiva postproductivista en el análisis contemporáneo vinculando el postmarxismo con el ecologismo político en un mismo marco teórico coherente.The social shift suffered last decades poses new challenges to Political Philosophy. André Gorz can be faced as a modern critic who points out productivism as one of the funding myths of modernity. He critically reviews the socialist tradition showing the need to reconsider the utopia and actualise emancipator ideologies. Related to epistemology and ontology, Gorz assumes a combination of social theory based on the idea of praxis (mainly Marxian) with a phenomenological-existentialist view of the subject. The key contribution in his work is the de-centralisation and re-consideration of the idea of labour, as core mediation in social interaction and nature-society metabolism. He is far to be receptive to the debate open by linguistic turn and the crisis of subject in contemporary philosophy, but he has opened a postproductivist outlook of industrial society that link postmarxism and political ecology into a coherent theoretical framework.
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Stettler, René. "The politics of post-industrial cultural knowledge work." Thesis, University of Plymouth, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10026.1/481.
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This dissertation conducts in-depth inquiries into the practices, nature and theory of post-industrial cultural work and the humanities- and arts-based civic dialogues which cultural work promotes. Given the broad neglect of utopian thinking in the mainstream of critical social science and in an attempt to sketch out a vision of an alternative future, the aim of this thesis is to outline an “epistemology” for post-industrial cultural work as well as to reflect upon the outlook for educational cultural work practices and their function as a catalyst for civic dialogue and cultural change. The main concerns are the signification, interests and aims embodied in cultural production touching on issues of cultural and scientific learning, alternative modes of democratic governance of science and technology (Felt, Wynne et al. 2007), industrial society’s logic of accumulation and market rationality, the primacy of contemporary instrumental and capitalist values, neoliberalism, globalization and cosmopolitanism. With a view to addressing elementary questions regarding the future of cultural work, which are explored and theorised alongside future perspectives of a new form of knowledge work for the humanities and the arts, the actual challenges of cultural work are considered from within the wider context of the risk society (Beck 1986) and the threats which affect everybody today. In relying on Beck’s (2009) conceptualization of the world risk society as a “non-knowledge society” characterised by the global existence of incalculable risks/threats and non-knowing, the thesis addresses the problem of non-knowledge and unrecognised contingencies as a challenge for cultural work to design processes of (un)learning in civic dialogues. In exploring the social, cultural and political relevance of three empirical case studies, the thesis ventures into the prospects of a new socio-epistemological perspective for cultural work and workspaces for knowledge. The studies investigate three different (techno-)socio-cultural spaces of knowledge: a public exhibition about the new Gotthard Base Tunnel currently under construction in the Swiss Alps, Jennifer Baichwal’s film Manufactured Landscapes (2006) about the Canadian photographer Edward Burtynsky and China’s industrial revolution, and the living intervention Fairytale at Documenta 12, 2007, which brought 1,001 Chinese citizens to Kassel, Germany. Actor-Network Theory (ANT) is employed as a tool for the analysis of the material-semiotic properties of differing knowledges, the heterogeneous relations of socio-economic networks, and the global and uncertain conditions of the post-industrial world in which cultural work is embedded. What is colloquially referred to as post-industrial cultural knowledge work in this thesis is elaborated in the context of a propositional socio-epistemological second-order framework (Von Foerster 1984; Pakman 2003) for cultural work and its entanglements with ethics, aesthetics, pragmatics, politics—and biopolitical production (Hardt and Negri 2000; 2009). In order to build “third spaces” of knowledge (Turnbull 2000) and to nurture uncertainty-oriented approaches and contingencies, the findings propose the development of more open, (self-)reflexive and anticipating forms of thinking and acting in cultural production fields with the aim to catalyse societal developments, to foster intrinsic values and to create cultural workplace identities with a moral-ecological-political awareness (cf. Banks 2006; 2007) invoking new interactions between viewers, audiences and the environment.
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Klingbeil-Döring, Wenke. "Der moralische Wert der Arbeit." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19837.
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Die vorliegende Untersuchung entwickelt einen Vorschlag für ein neues Verständnis von Erwerbsarbeit vor dem Hintergrund ihres laufenden Wandels als Brennpunkt der gegenwärtigen tiefgreifenden Transformation westlicher kapitalistischer Gesellschaften. Die Bedeutung und Rolle von Arbeit für gelingende Lebensführung sowie für die Konstitution der Arbeitsgesellschaft als solcher sind hier unverständlich geworden; auf praktischer Ebene ergeben sich verschiedene Probleme und Gestaltungsschwierigkeiten von Arbeit als gesellschaftliche Institution und Praxis eines guten, menschenwürdigen Lebens. Diese Bedeutung wird in der Untersuchung als moralischer Wert von Arbeit als Kern eines dauerhaft aneignungsfähigen, formalen Arbeitsverständnisses herausgearbeitet.
Ihren Erscheinungen und Bedingungen nach wird die Arbeitsgesellschaft als subjektiviert und – im begrifflichen Anschluss an die nach Hegel entwickelte Beschreibung gesellschaftlicher Krisen Rahel Jaeggis – mithin als krisenhaft qualifiziert. Diese Darstellung ermöglicht es, vor einer Neuinterpretation des Hegelschen Arbeitsverständnisses im Anschluss an Andreas Arndt den wesenhaften normativen Gehalt und die normative Dimension von Arbeit offenzulegen, die auf praktischer Ebene ihren moralischen Wert stiften: Ausgehend von ihrer transformativen Grundstruktur, dialektischen Verfassung und teleologischen Gerichtetheit ist Arbeit Institution und Praxis der Selbstverwirklichung des Subjekts unter ganz bestimmten Bedingungen. Wo deshalb allein Narrative (nicht Begriffe) von Arbeit, die dieses Wesen vermitteln, aneignungsfähig sind, lassen sich diese Bedingungen im Nachvollzug der Genese unseres Arbeitsverständnisses sowie in der kritischen Zusammenführung von aktuellen sozial- und moralphilosophischen Auseinandersetzungen mit Arbeit schließlich so offenlegen, dass das hier formal gefasste Arbeitsverständnis aktuell für die praktischen Belange der Krise und für die interdisziplinären Fragen an Arbeit aufschlussreich ist.The present study develops a proposal for a new understanding of paid work in view of its current transformation, which is considered as the focal point of the current fundamental transformation of western capitalist societies. The significance and role of work for a Good life and for the constitution of society have become unintelligible here; on a practical level, there are various problems and difficulties of work as a social institution and practice of a Good, Decent life. The present study shows this meaning as the Moral Value of work, which is shown as the core of a permanent approbiatible, formal understanding of work. According to its current manifestations and conditions, western capitalist societies can be qualified as subjectivized and - in the conceptual connection to the description of social crises, which Rahel Jaeggi developed according to Hegel - as crisis-ridden. This diagnosis makes it possible, via reinterpreting Hegel's understanding of work following Andreas Arndt, to reveal the essential normative content and the normative dimension of work; also to show that both creates the Moral Value of work on a practical level: Work is - based on its transformative basic structure, its dialectical constitution and its teleological directionality - the institution and practice of self-realization of the subject under very specific conditions. Where exclusively narratives (not concepts) of work that convey these intrinsic qualities are approbiatible, these conditions can be finally revealed by retracing the evolution of our understanding of work and in discussing the current social- and moral-philosophical argument with work: Finally in a way that the unfolded formally understanding of work is revelatory for the practical and interdisciplinary questions about of work.