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1
Ukhtomskiĭ, A. A. Dominanta dushi: Iz gumanitarnogo nasledii͡a︡. Rybinsk: Rybinskoe podvorʹe, 2000.
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2
Böhm, Margarete. Herrschaft und Psyche: Zur Entwicklung von religiöser Ethik und bürgerlicher Moral. Köln: Pahl-Rugenstein, 1987.
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3
Hartmann, Thom. Unequal protection: The rise of corporate dominance and the theft of human rights. San Francisco, Calif: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2009.
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4
Unequal protection: The rise of corporate dominance and the theft of human rights. San Francisco, Calif: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, 2009.
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5
O'Donoghue, Patrick. Spiritual and moral development across the curriculum in Catholic schools: Holding to spiritual integrity in a "results" dominated age. London: Centre for Research and Development in Catholic Education, 2004.
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6
Dogmatism in science and medicine: How dominant theories monopolize research and stifle the search for truth. Jefferson, N.C: McFarland & Co., 2012.
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7
Germanà, Maria Luisa, ed. Permanenze e innovazioni nell'architettura del MediterraneoMediterranean Architecture between Heritage and Innovation. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-007-5.
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Il volume offre numerosi spunti sul tema Permanenze e innovazioni nell'architettura del Mediterraneo, dimostrandone l'ampiezza di aspetti riconducibili alla Tecnologia dell'architettura, di cui si evidenzia la flessibilità dei confini disciplinari con riferimento ai diversi significati assumibili dal concetto di risorsa. Letta in continuità con le precedenti pubblicazioni Osdotta, questa consente di seguire quanto si va sviluppando nel terzo livello di formazione in un momento particolarmente critico per l'istituzione universitaria, continuando a porre l'accento sul nodo domanda/offerta di ricerca, nel confronto con altre istituzioni e con il mondo della produzione di settore, nell'attuale scenario dominato da trasformazioni sempre più rapide e incisive. La qualificazione dei corsi di dottorato, attraverso la riflessione sugli esiti immediati e a lungo termine, parallelamente alla precisazione dei contenuti identitari del settore disciplinare, restano le principali sfide da continuare ad affrontare. This publication provides considerable material for reflection on the subject of Mediterranean Architecture between Heritage and Innovation, demonstrating the wide range of aspects linked to Architectural Technology, in which one is struck by the flexibility of the disciplinary boundaries with regard to the various meanings that can be applied to the concept of resource. Taken together with the previous publications of Osdotta, this consents one to trace the developments in the third level of education at a particularly critical time for the university institution; the emphasis continues to be placed on the crucial issue of supply/demand of research; the situation is compared with other institutions and with the world of production in this sector, in a present-day scenario dominated by ever more rapid and incisive transformations. The main challenges left to be faced are to improve the quality of PhD courses, after due reflection on the immediate and long-term results, whilst defining more precisely the identitary contents of the disciplinary sector.
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Voropaeva, Yuliya, and Galina Kolomiec. Ethics of human dignity: history and modernity. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1064941.
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The monograph deals with urgent problems of the ethics of human dignity on the basis of the views of human dignity in historical and philosophical thought, revealing the ethics of virtue and ethics of duty, leading to the search for the meaning and value of life. The study of human dignity as an ethical category and phenomenon in the context of individual and social ethics leads to the assertion that at the present stage of human existence in a rapidly changing world ethics, human dignity becomes the dominant consciousness, and is a special moral value.
Addressed to all who are interested in ethics, and philosophical anthropology, the Humanities and social Sciences.
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Bobbio, Norberto. L'esempio di Silvio Trentin. Edited by Pina Impagliazzo and Pietro Polito. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-018-4.
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Using unpublished documents, this volume restores the meeting between two masters in a historical and ideal way: Norberto Bobbio and Silvio Trentin. Through the writings which Bobbio dedicated to Trentin between 1954 and 1991, the readers are introduced to Trentin’s world. They gradually discover Trentin’s exemplary biography, his clear moral personality and his commitment to anti-fascism and the Resistance, as well as the great themes of his work as a jurist and political thinker: the criticism of fascism, federalism and the idea of the 'third way'. As Bobbio observes, the fundamental reason why Trentin represents a still valuable example is that, through his life and thought, he has perfectly embodied the conception of politics as a desire of justice, as opposed to the will to dominate.
10
Gordon, Neve, and Nicola Perugini. Human Right to Dominate. Oxford University Press, Incorporated, 2015.
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12
Kitschelt, Herbert, and Philipp Rehm. Determinants of Dimension Dominance. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807971.003.0003.
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In some countries, electoral competition predominantly revolves around redistributional questions (“first-dimension politics”), while in other countries, issues related to cultural matters (guns, gays, and god) or immigration play a more dominant role (“second-dimension politics”). This chapter studies the question of dimension dominance, or more precisely, under which circumstances the first dimension of political competition dominates the second dimension. The chapter presents cross-national estimates of the importance of redistributive vs. non-redistributive concerns in party competition and seeks to explain cross-national differences. It is argued that the dominance of first-dimension politics is a function of (relative) party polarization; the progressivity of welfare states; the historical strength of secular liberal parties; and clientelism, among other factors.
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Bennister, Mark, and Ben Worthy, eds. Limits to Dominance? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198783848.003.0007.
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This chapter compares the leadership capital of two long-serving UK prime ministers: Tony Blair and Margaret Thatcher, treble election winners who held office for a decade. Mapping their capital over time reveals two very different patterns. Thatcher began with low levels of capital, building to a mid-term high and final fragile dominance, though her capital fell between elections. Blair possessed very high levels from the outset that gradually declined in a more conventional pattern. Both benefited from electoral dominance and a divided opposition, Thatcher’s strength lay in her policy vision while Blair’s stemmed from his popularity and communication skills. The LCI reveals that both prime ministers were successful without being popular, sustained in office by the electoral system. Towards the end of their tenures, both leaders’ continued dominance masked fragility, ousted when unrest in their parties and policy unpopularity eroded their capital.
14
The Politics Of Accountability In Southeast Asia The Dominance Of Moral Ideologies. Oxford University Press, 2014.
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15
Bukenya, Badru, and Sam Hickey. Dominance and Deals in Africa. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801641.003.0007.
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Uganda has experienced four growth episodes since the 1960s. In the most recent episode, 1988–2010, average growth rates have exceeded 3.5 per cent, with average growth rates of 7 per cent between 2001 and 2010. Yet this history of recent strong growth has failed to lead to structural transformation within the economy. This chapter highlights how each of the deals spaces remains closely embedded within, and informed by, the broader political settlement. This is due to the fact that Uganda is still reliant on a limited range of agricultural commodities, while recent discoveries of oil raise the spectre of Dutch Disease. It argues that greater support for agricultural processing, manufacturing, and increasing the state’s capacity, particularly through protecting the economic and regulatory technocracy for patronage politics, will help achieve this. A power shift to more market-based rents will help produce more productive dialogue between the state and business.
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Shiffrin, Seana Valentine. Duress and Moral Progress. Princeton University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691157023.003.0003.
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This chapter examines what moral obligations, if any, remain or are incurred when one promises under duress. In general, duress holds that unjustified or wrongfully exerted coercion entirely exonerates the party subjected to undue pressure from responsibility for whatever actions the duress produces. This is the dominant view, one that is powerful and attractive. The chapter explains whether and why it should matter that one's promisee is a moral criminal, the proverbial highway robber. It first draws a connection between honoring initiated promises under duress and the conditions of moral progress, taking into account issues such as those relating to third parties and contracts. It then proposes an alternative to the dominant view about promises made under duress, an alternative inspired by some remarks of Immanuel Kant and of Adam Smith. It concludes by considering some objections to the moral appropriateness of honoring promises made under duress.
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Roberts, Anthea. Patterns of Difference and Dominance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190696412.003.0005.
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This chapter examines three implications of these patterns of difference and dominance for the wider field of international law. First, although most legal academies and law schools remain relatively nationalized, there are outliers that are significantly more internationalized than their counterparts. Different academies also evidence different strengths and areas that are ripe for future development. Second, the existence of distinct national or regional communities of international lawyers may result in substantial disconnects developing within the field, such as in debates about Crimea and the South China Sea. Third, some of the patterns of dominance that emerge in the academies and textbooks are replicated elsewhere in the field, including privileging sources and actors from Western states in general, and from the United States, the United Kingdom, and France in particular. Choice of language and the emergence of English as the lingua franca play particularly important roles in this privileging process.
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Trust Instead Of Dominance Working Towards A New Form Of Ethical Horsemanship. Cadmos Books, 2011.
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19
Ong, Albert C. M., and Timothy Ellam. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0307_update_001.
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Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is responsible for up to 10% of prevalent patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). It is characterized by the enlargement of multiple bilateral renal cysts, present in almost all patients by their fifth decade. Loin pain is a common symptom that may be caused by cyst growth, intracyst haemorrhage, nephrolithiasis, or infection. Gross haematuria is also a common feature, but usually settles spontaneously. Excretory impairment develops after extensive cystic change has occurred and progresses to ESRD in half of all affected patients by the age of 60. However, the onset of cystic change and rate of renal functional decline are highly variable between individuals. ADPKD associated with the PKD1 gene has an earlier average age of cyst development and ESRD than PKD2, but the two cannot be distinguished on clinical grounds. Polycystins 1 and 2 are expressed in various organs and extrarenal disease may be the presenting feature. Intracranial aneurysms are five times more common in patients with ADPKD, but rupture is infrequent. Liver cysts are present in most patients and may be complicated by haemorrhage or infection, though liver failure is very rare. Massive hepatic cystic disease is confined to women, reflecting stimulatory effects of oestrogen on hepatic cyst growth. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in ADPKD and vascular dysfunction is present in many patients even before the development of excretory impairment. However, despite the multisystem manifestations of ADPKD, survival from ESRD is better for patients with ADPKD than for other non-diabetic causes of kidney failure.
20
Christensen, Anne-Marie Søndergaard. Moral Philosophy and Moral Life. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198866695.001.0001.
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This is a work in moral philosophy and its ambition is to contribute to a renewed understanding of moral philosophy, the role of moral theory, and the relation between moral philosophy and moral life. It is motivated by the belief that the lack of a coherent answer to the question of the role and status of moral philosophy and the theories it develops, is one of the most important obstacles for doing work in moral philosophy today. The first part of the book untangles various criticisms of the dominant view of moral theories that challenges the explanatory, foundational, authoritative, and action-guiding role of these theories. It also offers an alternative understanding of moral theory as descriptions of moral grammar. The second part investigates the nature of the particularities relevant for an understanding of moral life, both particularities tied to the moral subject, her character, commitments, and moral position, and particularities tied to the context of the subject, her moral community and language. The final part marks a return to moral philosophy and addresses the wider question of what the revised conception of moral theories and the affirmation of the value of the particular mean for moral philosophy by developing a descriptive, pluralistic, and elucidatory conception of moral philosophy. The scope of the book is wide, but its pretensions are more moderate, to present an understanding of descriptive moral philosophy which may spur a debate about the status and role of moral philosophy in relation to our moral lives.
21
Hartmann, Thom. Unequal Protection: The Rise of Corporate Dominance and the Theft of Human Rights. Rodale Books, 2004.
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22
Unequal Protection: The Rise of Corporate Dominance and the Theft of Human Rights. Rodale Books, 2002.
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23
Hwang, Young-Hwan, and York Pei. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease management. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0309_update_001.
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Management of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) currently comprises non-specific measures including promotion of healthy lifestyle, optimization of blood pressure control, and modification of cardiovascular risk factors. A high water intake of 3–4 L per day in patients with glomerular filtration rate greater than 30 mL/min/1.73 m2 may decrease the risk of kidney stones, but its potential benefit in reducing renal cyst growth is presently unproven. Maintenance of a target blood pressure of 130/80 mmHg is recommended by expert clinical guidelines though this is unlikely to slow cyst growth. It is unclear whether pharmacological blockade of the renin–angiotensin axis confers an extrarenal protective effect. Recognition of the variable clinical presentations of cyst infection, cyst haemorrhage, or nephrolithiasis is important for early diagnosis and optimal management of these complications. Most patients with ADPKD do well on dialysis and after transplantation. Nephrectomy may be needed to make space for a donor kidney, or if kidney size or infection is an issue after end-stage renal failure is reached. Recent advances in ADPKD have led to the identification of multiple potential therapeutic targets with more than 10 clinical trials completed or currently in progress. Given the promising results of the TEMPO trial, tolvaptan may well be the first disease-modifying drug to be approved for clinical use. Several other classes of drugs (e.g. somatostatin analogues, triptolide, metformin, and glucosylceramide synthase inhibitors) with good long-term safety profiles are promising candidates which may be repurposed for this disease. In the future, identifying patients with different risks of renal disease progression by their genotype and/or kidney volume will likely assume an important role for the clinical management of ADPKD.
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Metz, Thaddeus. A Relational Moral Theory. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748960.001.0001.
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A Relational Moral Theory provides a new answer to the long-standing question of what all morally right actions might have in common as distinct from wrong ones, by drawing on neglected resources from the Global South and especially the African philosophical tradition. The book points out that the principles of utility and of respect for autonomy, the two rivals that have dominated Western moral theory for about two centuries, share an individualist premise. Once that common assumption is replaced by a relational perspective that has been salient in African ethical thought, a different comprehensive principle focused on harmony or friendliness emerges, one that is shown to correct the blind spots of the Western principles and to have implications for a wide array of applied controversies that an international audience of moral philosophers, professional ethicists, and similar thinkers will find attractive.
25
The Gene, the Clinic, and the Family: Diagnosing Dysmorphology, Reviving Medical Dominance (Genetics and Society). Routledge, 2013.
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26
Lin, Yi-min. Careerism and Moral Hazard in Early Marketization. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190682828.003.0005.
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Chapter 4 explores the ramifications of the evolving demographic conditions and fiscal reforms for the careers of local political leaders. The focal issue is the moral hazard embodied in these leaders’ opportunistic use of public enterprises for career advancement and revenue control and manipulation during the 1980s and early 1990s. Their dominant strategy was to promote sales growth without a close link to profitability among the public enterprises under their purview. This strategy helped grow output, revenue, and employment, thereby contributing to the political and economic interests of local officials. Yet it also undermined the financial and organizational health of public enterprises and pushed them down the road to destruction.
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Cook, Daniel Thomas. The Moral Project of Childhood. NYU Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479899203.001.0001.
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The Moral Project of Childhood argues and demonstrates that fundamental problems stemming from a growing acceptance of children’s moral, spiritual, intellectual, and behavioral pliability drive the assembly of a contemporary “moral architecture” of childhood from extensive maternal responsibility coupled with the increasingly hegemonic presence and existence of child subjecthood. Drawing on materials published in periodicals intended for women and mothers from the 1830s to the 1930s, the book examines how mothers—and, later, commercial actors—found themselves compelled to consider children’s interiorities: their perspectives, needs, wants, pleasures, and pains. In this process, the child’s subjectivity progressively, albeit unevenly, arises as a form of authority in a variety of contexts, including discourses about Christian motherhood, the elements of cultural taste, and the discipline and punishment of children, as well as in machinations about play and toys, questions of children’s property rights, and the uses of money by and for children. The book considers the Protestant origins of the child consumer—a somewhat unlikely pairing—and makes visible and relevant the prefigurative elements and rhetorics from which the child consumer emerges as a contemporary, dominant, and normative ideal.
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Sher, George. How Bad Is It to Be Dominated? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190660413.003.0006.
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When A Theory of Justice was published in 1971, the discussion that ensued centered mainly on questions about distribution. More recently, however, many influential theorists have come to believe that this emphasis on distribution is neither faithful to Rawls’s thinking nor defensible on its own terms. They argue that what justice primarily demands is not that resources or welfare or opportunity be distributed in any particular way, but rather that relations of domination and subordination among persons be eliminated. In their view, what matters is not that goods be distributed equally (or in accordance with any other pattern), but only that individuals relate to one another as equals. Despite the prominence this approach to justice has achieved, the chapter argues that it is seriously mistaken.
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Bergmann, Carsten, and Klaus Zerres. Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease in children and young adults. Edited by Neil Turner. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0312.
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Many children with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease have renal cysts on ultrasound, some are even being diagnosed antenatally, although the statistics on this are not well understood. Most are asymptomatic but hypertension may be more common than generally appreciated, and a minority of patients develop early renal failure. The cause of early presentations is probably often inheritance of a hypomorphic allele on another gene implicated in cyst formation, or in cilia. Extrarenal manifestations of polycystic kidney disease are very rare in childhood.
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Kenny, Paul D. Broker Autonomy and the End of Indian National Congress Party Dominance. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807872.003.0005.
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This chapter examines how India’s patronage-based system became unstable, connecting the increase in broker autonomy that followed Nehru’s death in 1964 to a shift in partisan control away from the Congress at the subnational level. The increase in broker autonomy following Nehru’s death was subtle but highly significant. With the separation of the dual government and party authority that had allowed Nehru to arbitrate between competing factions at the state level, Congress factions could compete more openly and prosper as distinct parties, resulting in the fragmentation of the patronage network between center and periphery. This left the Congress party in control at the center but in opposition in several of India’s most populous states. The chapter argues that the crisis of the Congress system was driven by the de facto removal of central control over the subnational units of the party that followed Nehru’s death rather than economic decline.
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Troisi, Alfonso. Power. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199393404.003.0013.
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This chapter focuses on social control obtained through coercion. To answer the question of why some people strive for power, evolutionary behavioral biologists look at the phylogeny of dominance systems. Sociophysiology has unveiled the physiological correlates, such as levels of serotonin and testosterone, of dominant and subordinate status in monkeys and humans, and comparative studies have shown the impact of social hierarchies on health and disease vulnerability. Unlike most human societies that arose after the agricultural revolution of 12,000 years ago, groups of hunter-gatherers actively ostracized any individual attempt to attain dominant status. This ecological condition was wiped out by the agricultural revolution, and the more primitive predisposition toward hierarchical relationships re-emerged in human societies. The final section of the chapter illustrates recent data from psychological studies showing the personality correlates of two types of power that coexist in contemporary social groups: power based on intimidation and oppression, and power based on prestige and self-esteem.
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De Vries, Catherine E., and Sara B. Hobolt. Political Entrepreneurs. Princeton University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691194752.001.0001.
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Challenger parties are on the rise in Europe, exemplified by the likes of Podemos in Spain, the National Rally in France, the Alternative for Germany, or the Brexit Party in Great Britain. Like disruptive entrepreneurs, these parties offer new policies and defy the dominance of established party brands. In the face of these challenges and a more volatile electorate, mainstream parties are losing their grip on power. This book explores why some challenger parties are so successful and what mainstream parties can do to confront these political entrepreneurs. Drawing analogies with how firms compete, the book demonstrates that political change is as much about the ability of challenger parties to innovate as it is about the inability of dominant parties to respond. Challenger parties employ two types of innovation to break established party dominance: they mobilize new issues, such as immigration, the environment, and Euroscepticism, and they employ antiestablishment rhetoric to undermine mainstream party appeal. Unencumbered by government experience, challenger parties adapt more quickly to shifting voter tastes and harness voter disenchantment. Delving into strategies of dominance versus innovation, the authors explain why European party systems have remained stable for decades, but also why they are now increasingly under strain. As challenger parties continue to seek to disrupt the existing order, the book shows that their ascendency fundamentally alters government stability and democratic politics.
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Gardner, Jared. The American Magazine in the Early National Period. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036705.003.0003.
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This chapter recounts the struggles of publishers, printers, editors, and contributors to American magazines of the national period. It shows how the magazine occupies a liminal place at best in the history of print in the early republic. The book and the newspaper dominate far more space in the story of the print's rise, and rightly so, as the magazine seems dominated by random posturing, by armchair moralists with neoclassical pseudonyms offering their opinion on everything from fashion to dueling. It is no wonder that modern readers have favored two forms—novel and newspaper—whose genealogies are more immediately traceable into the twentieth century.
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Rosenberg, Michael. (De)Mythologizing the Hymen. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190845896.003.0009.
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Augustine of Hippo, it is argued, shares more in common, on the topic of virginity testing, with the Rabbis of Babylonia than he does with other Church Fathers such as Cyprian and Ambrose. The latter are typical of late antique Christian authors, speaking in the mixed registers of faith and anatomy as found in works such as the Mishnah and the Protevangelium. Augustine, by contrast, utterly rejects gynecology as a means of establishing virginity. Although his move is quite different from that of the Babylonian Talmud, it seems that he and the Rabbinic work’s authorship share a set of concerns: an interest in subverting dominant norms of masculinity and rejecting the lust for dominance.
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Stewart-Kroeker, Sarah. Pilgrimage as Moral and Aesthetic Formation in Augustine’s Thought. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198804994.001.0001.
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Augustine’s dominant image for the human life is peregrinatio, which signifies at once a journey to the homeland—a pilgrimage—and the condition of exile from the homeland. For Augustine, all human beings are, in the earthly life, exiles from their true homeland: heaven. Only some become pilgrims seeking a way back to the heavenly homeland, a return mediated by the incarnate Christ. Becoming a pilgrim begins with attraction to beauty. The return journey therefore involves formation, both moral and aesthetic, in loving rightly. This image has occasioned a lot of angst in ethical thought in the last century or so. Augustine’s vision of Christian life as a pilgrimage, his critics allege, casts a pall of groaning and longing over this life in favor of happiness in the next. Augustine’s eschatological orientation robs the world of beauty and ethics of urgency. In this book, Stewart-Kroeker sets out to elaborate Augustine’s understanding of moral and aesthetic formation via the pilgrimage image, which she argues reflects a Christological continuity between the earthly journey and the eschatological home that unites love of God and neighbor. From the human desire for beauty to the embodied practice of Christian sacraments, Stewart-Kroeker reveals the integrity of Augustine’s vision of moral and aesthetic formation, which is essentially the ordering of love. Along the way, Stewart-Kroeker develops an Augustinian account of the relationship between beauty and morality.
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Butt, Simon, and Tim Lindsey. Competition Law. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199677740.003.0020.
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Large corporate groups have dominated Indonesia’s corporate landscape for decades, and are controlled by a relatively small number of elite families. This chapter looks at laws that were introduced after Soeharto’s fall to create a more competitive economy, and establish the KPPU, Indonesia’s competition commission. The chapter begins with an account of the key provisions of the Competition Law, including the rules relating to monopolies, monopsonies, oligopolies, cartels, market share, dominant position, exclusive dealing, and mergers and acquisition. It then provides an assessment of the KPPU’s structure and powers, its performance, and its relations with the government, as well as problems with the enforcement of its decisions. The chapter includes several case studies, including the Donggi-Senoro case.
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Powers, Shawn M., and Michael Jablonski. Google, Information, and Power. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039126.003.0004.
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This chapter examines Google's aims to dominate the global market for information services and data. Drawing from the suggestion that “information is the new oil of the Internet and the currency of the digital world,” it explores how Google's various endeavors seek to control each facet of the data market: data production, data extraction, data refinement, data infrastructure and distribution, and demand. It shows that there is no equivalent company that has ever been capable of dominance in each facet of the oil economy to the extent that Google leads in the data economy. The chapter also discusses the commodification of information in the modern internet economy and argues that Google's interest in internet freedom and connectivity lies in the fact that its survival (in the political economy sense of the word) depends on getting more and more people online to use its complimentary services.
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Cowhey, Peter F., and Jonathan D. Aronson. National Innovation Systems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190657932.003.0001.
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Innovation is the key driver of economic prosperity. It is the product of an ecosystem of at least five interlinked building blocks: social networks and dynamic labor markets, shared assets that lower costs for innovative companies, flexible business models, financial models to support innovation, and appropriate government policies. National innovation systems transform periodically and public policy significantly influences their evolution. Since 1945, the United States has had two dominant systems of innovation. The first relied on vertically integrated firms such as AT&T or DuPont. More recently a second system, the Silicon Valley model of venture capital dominated. A comparison of the U.S. system with that of Korea shows how other countries have adapted the U.S. innovation system to their circumstances.
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Pratt, Lynda. Non-Publication. Edited by David Duff. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660896.013.32.
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Understanding of Romanticism is currently dominated and shaped by a belief in the primacy of print culture. This chapter explores a cultural phenomenon that coexisted with and ran counter to this familiar narrative: non-publication. In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, manuscript production massively outnumbered print publication. Manuscript culture was exuberant, wide-ranging, complex, and dominant. It also was symptomatic of a wider, more pervasive culture of non-publication. This encompassed the suppression of completed writings, bibliophobia (an aversion to publication and to print culture), and non-execution, including the refusal to write. Non-publication had a massive impact on writers and readers. It played a crucial, yet hitherto overlooked role in shaping both the Romantic period and our own sense of literary history.
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Sieder, Rachel, and Anna Barrera Vivero. Challenging Male Dominance in Norm-Making in Contexts of Legal Pluralism: Insights from the Andes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198829621.003.0009.
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The gender participatory turn in the Andes has been accompanied by multicultural and plurinational citizenship regimes granting greater autonomy for indigenous self-governance and recognition of legal pluralism. While autonomy regimes have been criticized for legalizing gender discrimination in customary systems, this chapter emphasizes the diverse strategies deployed by indigenous women to improve their participation and secure greater gender justice within communal governance regimes—systems they defend as more accessible than state institutions. In some cases positive synergies have developed between the parity movement and indigenous women’s struggles for voice. In other cases, the absence of cross-class alliances, racism, and party political calculations and interests have impeded the development of a transformative agenda for advancing women’s interests. Evidence from the Andes suggests that strategies of claiming voice and greater participation within indigenous governance systems are complementary to national approaches for advancing gender equality, not in conflict with them.
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Beste, Jennifer. Power Dynamics at College Parties. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190268503.003.0004.
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Undergraduate ethnographers analyzed the power dynamics among different social groups at parties, attending to race and ethnicity, sexual orientation, and gender. Based on their observations, they sought to identify dominant and subordinate social groups. Most ethnographers who addressed power dynamics in regard to ethnicity and sexual orientation (many did not) perceived that white heterosexual males had the most power and dominance. Regarding power dynamics among the genders, 66% of students claimed that heterosexual males were the most powerful group; 7% argued that females had more power; 24% perceived that both men and women exercise different forms of power or that social factors unrelated to gender determined which individuals were most powerful; and 3% did not directly answer the question about power. After analyzing ethnographers’ reasoning for their perspectives, Beste draws on social scientific research to analyze the power dynamics and gender inequalities manifest in college social and sexual culture.
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Leopold, David. Marxism and Ideology. Edited by Michael Freeden and Marc Stears. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199585977.013.0021.
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This chapter discusses the account of ideology found in the writings of Karl Marx (1818–83), and its fate in the subsequent Marxist tradition. Marx understood ideology as consisting of certain social ideas which periodically dominate in class-divided societies. More precisely, ideology was characterized as having a particular epistemological standing (being false or misleading), social origin (arising from the opaque structure of class-divided societies), and class function (sustaining the interests of the economically dominant group). In the subsequent Marxist tradition that ‘critical’ account was often displaced by non-critical, predominately ‘descriptive’, accounts of ideology. This historical pattern is exemplified by the writings of Antonio Gramsci (1891–1937) and Louis Althusser (1918–90). This displacement of critical by descriptive accounts is portrayed as regrettable, not least because it involves a loss of the explanatory purchase and emancipatory potential found in Marx’s original account.
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Corbett, Jack, and Wouter Veenendaal. Democratization and Cultural Diversity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198796718.003.0003.
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Chapter 3 interrogates the argument that cultural homogeneity is a prerequisite for democratic persistence. The thesis here is that the absence of diverse interests and agreement around cultural norms produces a unified citizenry. This is supported by the view that democracy is harder to sustain in ethnically and religiously diverse societies. The problem is that many small states are ethnically, socially, and linguistically divided and stubbornly democratic. They also tend to operate majoritarian rather than consensual or consociational political institutions. Indeed, in some cases, such as the Melanesian region of the Pacific, it has been argued that hyper-fragmentation actually aides consolidation by ensuring that no group can come to dominate the apparatus of the state. Conversely, many homogenous small states have dominant cultural codes that, when combined with the personalization of politics, stifle pluralism and dissent. So, homogeneity is not a perquisite for democracy any more than economic growth is.
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Chhibber, Pradeep K., and Rahul Verma. Ideology and Identity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190623876.001.0001.
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This book challenges the view that party politics and elections in India are far removed from ideas. It claims that a dominant intellectual paradigm of what constitutes an ideology is not entirely applicable to many multiethnic countries in the twentieth century. In these more diverse states, the most important ideological debates center on statism—the extent to which the state should dominate society, regulate social norms, and redistribute private property, and on recognition—whether and how the state should accommodate the needs of various marginalized groups and protect minority rights from assertive majoritarian tendencies. Using survey data from the Indian National Election Studies (NES) and survey experiments from smaller but more focused studies, and evidence drawn from the Constituent Assembly debates, it shows that Indian electoral politics, as represented by political parties, their members, and their voters, is in fact marked by deep ideological cleavages, with parties, party members, and voters taking distinct positions on statism and recognition. This ideological divide can account for the replacement of the one-party-dominant system by a party system in which regional parties have become far more important and a right-wing Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) had spectacular success in the 2014 national elections. The focus on ideology also explains why leadership is so important in contemporary Indian politics as well as the limited influence of patronage politics. The book shows how education, the media, and religious practice transmit the competing ideas that lie at the heart of the ideological debates in India.
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Lowry, Bernard. Medieval Castles of England and Wales. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781784422172.
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Designed to dominate the surrounding area, to house powerful garrisons, offer sumptuous quarters for local nobility, and to discourage and repel enemy attacks, castles dominated England and Wales for more than half a millennium. Though some were built before 1066, the Norman Conquest left a lasting legacy in the form of fortifications ranging from small earthworks now barely discernible, to mighty and dominating stone fortresses. This book examines why castles were so essential to medieval warfare, their importance in domestic politics, and the day-to-day lives of those who lived and worked within them. It also shows how the development of new technologies affected their construction and design, and why they eventually fell into disrepair in the late Middle Ages. Beautifully illustrated with stunning photographs, this is the perfect guide for any castle enthusiast seeking to discover more about medieval fortifications and their inhabitants.
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Lugalambi, George W. Public Broadcasting in Africa Series: Uganda. African Minds, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781920355401.
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Uganda's broadcast media landscape has witnessed tremendous growth in recent years. While the public broadcaster remains the dominant national player - in terms of reach - in both radio and television, commercial broadcasters have introduced a substantial level of diversity in the industry. Public broadcasting faces serious competition from the numerous private and independent broadcasters, especially in and around the capital Kampala and major urban centres. In fact, the private/commercial sector clearly dominates the industry in most respects, notably productivity and profitability. The public broadcaster, which enjoys wider geographical coverage, faces the challenge of trying to fulfill a broad mandate with little funding. This makes it difficult for UBC to compete with the more nimble operators in the commercial/private sector. Overall, there appears to be a healthy degree of pluralism and diversity in terms of ownership.
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Smalskys, Vainius, and Jolanta Urbanovič. Civil Service Systems. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228637.013.160.
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Civil service consists of civil servants and their activity when implementing the assigned functions and decisions made by politicians. In other words, it is a system of civil servants who perform the assigned functions of public administration. The corpus of civil servants consists of people who work in central and local public administration institutions. The concept and scope of civil service in a particular country depends on the legal framework that defines the areas of public and private sectors and their relationship. In many countries, civil service consists of an upper level, a mid-level, and civil servants who work for coordinating, independent, and auxiliary institutions. However, the scope of civil service in different countries varies. When analyzing/comparing civil service systems of different countries, researchers often categorize them as Western European, continental European, Anglo-American, Anglo-Saxon, Eastern European, Scandinavian, Mediterranean, Asian, or African.All European Union member states can be classified into two groups: the career system—dominant in continental Europe, with the prevalence of traditional-hierarchical public administration, rational bureaucracy, and formalized operational rules—and the position system—dominant in Anglo-Saxon countries, with the prevalence of managerial principles, pragmatic administration, and charismatic leadership. Neither of the two models exists in pure form. If features of the career model dominate in the civil service of a country, it is identified as a country with the career CS model; if elements of the position model dominate the country is identified as a country with the position civil service model. An intermediate version of this model, characteristic of a number of countries, is the mixed/hybrid model.Many civil service researchers claim that in the case of two competing systems of civil service—closed (the career model) and open (the position model)—reforms of the open civil service system win. It has been argued that the organizing principles of the open, result-oriented civil service system (the position model), which is under the influence of “new public management,” will permanently “drive out” the closed, vertically integrated and formal procedure-oriented career model. Scholars argue that civil servants of the future will have to be at ease with more complexity and flexibility. They will have to be comfortable with change, often rapid change. At the same time, they will make more autonomous decisions and be more responsible, accountable, performance-oriented, and subject to new competency and skill requirements.
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Choueiri, Youssef M. Arab Historical Writing. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199225996.003.0025.
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This chapter traces the principal historiographical developments in the Arab world since 1945. It is divided into two major parts. The first part deals with the period extending from 1945 to 1970. During this period the discourse of either socialism or nationalism permeated most historical writings. The second part presents the various attempts made to decolonize, rewrite, or theorize history throughout the Arab world. The chapter then shows how in the various states of the Arabic world—some but not all of which have become fundamentalist Islamic regimes—Western models continued to be followed, though often with a more explicitly socialist approach than would be the case in America or Western Europe. By the 1970s, well before the shake-up of radical Islamicization that has dominated the past quarter-century, the entire Arabic world began to push hard against the dominance of residual Western colonial history.
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Bouchez, Jean-Luc, and Adolphe Nicolas. Principles of Rock Deformation and Tectonics. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192843876.001.0001.
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This book, based on laboratory, teaching and field experience, has a strong focus towards hard rocks and magmatic rocks, from both the continental crust worldwide, where quartz and granites are dominant, and the mantle dominated by olivine in peridotites. With more than 250 figures, most of them original, the book develops, in addition to classical structural geology objects, the fundamentals of brittle fracturing of materials, plastic deformation of ice, quartz and olivine, and fabric acquisition in rocks and magmas. Measurement and orientation of stress axes, bases of neotectonics and geophysics, and practical tools such as magnetic fabrics not commonly treated in geological books, are also provided. Emblematic tectonic and geodynamic sites are presented, both from the oceanic and continental crust, for instance the Oman ophiolites, and the India-Eurasia collision and its associated shear zones. Since the targeted readers are present-day young students, a few structural geology exercises are also included in order to improve their abilities.
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Long, Megan Kaes. Hearing Homophony. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851903.001.0001.
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This book examines a repertoire of homophonic vernacular partsongs composed around the turn of the seventeenth century, and considers how these partsongs exploit rhythm, meter, phrase structure, and form to craft harmonic trajectories. Giovanni Giacomo Gastoldi, Thomas Morley, Hans Leo Hassler, and their contemporaries engineered a particular kind of centricity that is distinctively tonal: they strategically deployed dominant harmonies at regular periodicities and in combination with poetic, phrase structural, and formal cues, thereby creating expectation for tonic harmonies. Homophony provided an ideal venue for these experiments: spurred by an increasing demand for comprehensible texts, composers of partsongs developed rigid text-setting procedures that promoted both metrical regularity and consistent phrase rhythm. This rhythmic consistency had a ripple effect: it encouraged composers to design symmetrical phrase structures and to build comprehensible, repetitive, and predictable formal structures. Thus, homophonic partsongs create and exploit trajectories from dominants to tonics on multiple scales, from cadence to sub-phrase to phrase to form. Ultimately, this book argues for a model of tonality—and of tonality’s history—that centers not pitch, but rhythm and meter. Metrically oriented harmonic trajectories encourage tonal expectation. And we can locate these trajectories in a variety of repertoires, including those that we traditionally understand as “modal.”