Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Morale. Philosophie sociale. Ontologie'
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Ki-Zerbo, Lazare. "Contribution à une problématique de l'ontologie sociale phénoménologique à partir de Husserl." Poitiers, 1994. http://theses.univ-poitiers.fr/58982.
Full textThe study begins with the philosophy of the arithmetic. Husserl's first book, it is suggested that this pre-phenomenological work develops two concepts of number, which could be found in other phenomenological social philosophies : the number as collective bound (kollektive verbindung), and the number as quality of form (gestalt qualitatsee miller : numbers in presence and absence) : these two concepts induce two types of social philosophies : a nonholistic, constructive philosophy (Schutz, Sartre, Proudhon). A philosophy of the community as a social beeing as such (Hobbes, C. Schmitt, Gurwitsch). We finally announce a further meditation on the relation between the collective bound, found by Husserl in J. Stuart Mill's logic with the federalist principles and nominalism (Althusius, Madison) ; the transcendance of the personnality of higher order brings us a back to a philosophy of the political unity and sovereignity of the political body (Hobbes, Hamilton). There are also two other directions for a wider study on the subject : the relations between the figural number of the second type and the works of Carl Stumpf or Alexius Meinong
Antonelli, Marangi Marcelo Sebastián. "Le concept d’immanence dans la philosophie de Gilles Deleuze." Paris 8, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA084258.
Full textThis thesis deals with the concept of immanence in the work of Gilles Deleuze. It is maintained in our hypothesis that it is an ontological, noological, political and ethical notion what constitutes the nucleus of his philosophical project. The ontological dimension refers to the re-elaboration of Duns Scott’s thesis on the univocity of being and the comprehension of Spinoza’s immanence as “expressive pantheism”. The noological aspect focuses on immanence as a “plane”, within Deleuze’s frame of conception of thought and philosophy, and sets a counterpoint with François Jullien concerning his approach to immanence in terms of “depth”. From the political point of view, the idea of “post-historical axiomatics” implies the functioning of capitalist immanence, which feature of “end of history” is connected to Kojève’s thesis. Furthermore, the essential layouts of politics of immanence as from the pledge of becoming-minor are deployed. The ethical aspect articulates three axes around the idea of “practical immanence”. First, it analyses the statements that conform the intertwining between Nietzsche and Spinoza (valorization of the body, definition of ethics as ethology, apology of joy). Second, it tackles nihilism, recognized as an effect of transcendent positions, which goes beyond Nietzsche’s realm and turns into “resentment” towards the event, which is acquitted by means of amor fati. It also becomes “loss of the world”, which vent consists on the “belief in this world”. Third, within the vitalist structure, the determination of desire as an immanent principle of a prudent experimentation and the “body without organs” as “plane of immanence” of desire are probed
Zelenko, Pierre. "La philosophie morale et politique de John Stuart Mill." Paris 4, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA040264.
Full textJohn Stuart Mill is often referred to as one of the most typical exemples of liberalism or utilitarianism. However his philosophy is more subtle and less simple than those stereotypes suppose. If he bases his thought on certain utilitarist presuppositions, Mill does not consider the greatest happiness principle as the most important one. If Liberty can be regarded as the main value of his philosophy, several limits and controls are taken into account and a more balanced equilibrium between order and liberty is outlined. Nevetheless, regulation of social life must not be rigid or formal but soft and evolutive. For this reason, Mill takes seriously spontaneous regulations such as "naming and shaming". By the same token, he believes that progress stems from everybody's self-development, which must not be impeded as far as possible and whose means must be provided by the State if need be
Amehe, Kossi François. "Sagesse populaire, sagesse des Nations?" Strasbourg, 2009. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2009/AMEHE_Kossi_Francois_2009.pdf.
Full textThe wisdom which takes the faces of the principal cultural communities will be considered as of Antiquity sometimes a moderation of the taste and desires of the flesh, sometimes like a search of peace and peace. Within the people, it is moulted in accumulation of experiments and takes the characters of the knowledge-statement, know-how and the good manners which deliver eminent indications to act it human, while at the same time those are presented under outside commonplace. The sublimation of the speech on wisdom reaches its higher top when wisdom becomes a person as a Jesus-Christ. The plenitude of wisdom is acquired by the crossing of autonomy and the theonomy
Pasteur, Julien. "Généalogie du spirituel républicain français dans la philosophie sociale, morale et politique du XIXème siècle." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100098.
Full textThe idea of the spiritual as it relates to republicanism – the “republican spiritual” – is, in France, more intuitively felt than it is rationally conceived. While the phrase carries a certain conceptual density, historians and philosophers normally agree that this idea is to be sought in the political and social doctrines of the Third Republic – for example, in the doctrines of solidarity and secularism and in the laws on education. This work shows that the “republican spiritual” cannot be reduced to a touch of soul, or to any form of moral guarantee intended to overcome the last scrupules of a disenchanted politics. In this way, its genealogy needs to be particularly enlarged. It has its origin in the wake of the French Revolution, as the events of 1789 required both a political interpretation of belief as well as its anthropological reconfiguration. The common point among the authors studied here (Joseph de Maistre, Auguste Comte, Jules Michelet, Alexis de Tocqueville, Émile Durkheim) is that the position they took on this issue is diametrically opposed to ours today. These authors, starting from the standpoint that the spiritual question is the only one that has not been resolved, struggle to understand the status – problematic in modern democracy – of a spiritual regime. It is thus within the most anachronistic elements of the body of work studied here – that is, the endurance of the religious in a supposedly scientific century – that the notion of the “republican spiritual” finds its origin. At risk of a formless philanthropic syncretism, menaced by its confrontation with three of the main ideologies of the 19th century (traditionalism, liberalism, and socialism), this intellectual tradition only preserves its identity by justifying its qualification as republican
MOUKOUEKOU, SEBASTIEN. "Le tribalisme comme forme de conscience sociale dominante au congo." Paris 10, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA100077.
Full textTribalism may be understood as the expression of ethnic solidarities in the rejection of others, a distinctive feature of such a polyethnic society azs the congolese one whose national building up has not been achieved yet. The micro-societies formed by ethnic groups (kongo, mbochi, teke, numbering among the most important) each yearn for political leadership. Three factors seem to be determinant in the comprehension of that socio-political phenomenon, the first of which taking us back to the stage of the historic expansion in precolonial african societies. Colonization, the second factor, artificially brought together territorial spaces that used to be under the administration of those societies, mutilating whole ethnic groups in the act. Finally, we shall invoke independence that was gained before those ethnic communities had reached a satisfying level of national integration
Benetrix, Carine Beaune Jean-Claude. "Le double et le même selon le mythe, la science et la philosophie perspectives sur le clonage /." Lyon : Université Lyon 3, 2005. http://thesesbrain.univ-lyon3.fr/sdx/theses/lyon3/2003/benetrix_c.
Full textBartonek, Leo. "Der Topos Nähe : Ernst Blochs Eintrittstelle in die Sozialwissenschaften : ein Beitrag zur Ontologie der modernen Gesellschaft /." Stockholm : Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 1992. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb357045389.
Full textBouillon, Vincent. "Guerre et paix dans la philosophie d'Emmanuel Levinas." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100060.
Full textAlong a first, major question, primordial as it involves living together and respecting human values. Let us present that problem: «it proximity concerned one person only there would not have been any difficulty». There are not only two of us in this world, and our relation to the other, the third one, the closest as well as the furtherest, is a reality we cannot deny before any consent. «A problem» because the other is equally, par excellence, the most worry some, and unpredictable with the other we shall always be in a relation that includes an infinity of indestructible links. Last as we are in the world our preoccupation “of” and “for” the other is imposed on us as an heritage with the same necessity as our presence to ourselves. In our existence we have never been and never shall be alone; that is why our relation to the other, from peace to war, becomes an essential question, the first as well as the last of the problems. We will show in these links that the problem of war and peace arises by and for the being, we shall to go further by identifying precisely that to being and to ontology is added another source of conflict, which is all the more ambivalent as it will be necessary to peace and war: transcendence. What we would like to let appear and to sustain is that the being is not the only origin of evil and consequently of war. Levinas’s position on that point has slowly but significantly evolved, as the thesis expressed in his early writing has been submitted to the harsh experience of the nazi concentration camps and have finally resulted in his maturity in a general discard for enjoyment and happiness for ourself. This is the voyage to which the reader is invited, as well as to approach of the implications it includes for justice, state, happiness and the effective realization of peace as well as for the always possible and sudden looming up treat of war.We shall accompagny Levinas in his striving for lucidity regarding the last century and its genocides and we shall endeavor to reconcile that lucidity with the hope his whole philosophy wants never theless to sustain
Amegatsevi, Kokou Sename. "L'éthique du futur et le défi des technologies du vivant." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/30255/30255.pdf.
Full textBeque, Marilyne. "Place des valeurs morales dans la pensée sociale : une étude empirique." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081878.
Full textSekerler, Richiardi Ayse Pelin. "Jevons et Walras : entre philosophie morale et économie sociale, un jalon dans la compréhension de la décision publique." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010035.
Full textJobin, Guy. "La reconstruction : analyse critique et portée de la philosophie morale de Jean-Marc Ferry pour l'éthique sociale théologique." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9069.
Full textSioui, Georges E. "Pour une autohistoire amérindienne : essai sur les fondements d'une morale sociale proprement américaine." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29268.
Full textAslanboga, Erinç. "Les modes de subjectivation : la mise en scène sociale et les limites constitutives des rapports aux corps et aux plaisirs." Paris 8, 2012. http://octaviana.fr/document/177592060#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textWhy weren’t the removing guilt about sexuality, the expansion of discursive practices about desire, the excitement of pleasure and the enjoyment in the years 1960-1970 switched to any dynamics of emancipation or to a process of increasing the autonomy of the individuals, or simply why did not they give a boost to a new quest of happiness? On the contrary, how did the sexuality become, on a permissive mode, the breeding ground for various forms of gouvernementalisation of the individuals and populations along with the normalization of the pleasures and the relationships? Is it a question of releasing oneself sexually or of restricting oneself to a single shape of "freedom"? If the discourse of the « sexual liberation » is contradictory to its treatise, then how can we consider it differently? The objective of this thesis is to put forward several reflections on these problems by taking as vital lead the relationships concerning bodies and pleasures in contemporary Western societies. This is to analyze how, in which frames, through which processes and instruments, the relationships concerning bodies and pleasures are constituted as well as how they are made visible and intelligible, thought, experimented and lived. Such formulation also implies a reflection on the flip side, that is on the relationships which are excluded by what is unthinkable, inexpressible and unbearable by what is "worthy" of knowledge and legitimacy
Benetrix, Carine. "Le double et le même selon le mythe, la science et la philosophie : perspectives sur le clonage." Lyon 3, 2003. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2003_out_benetrix_c.pdf.
Full textThe cloning go today into the field of the philosophy because it interrogat like the life, the reproduction. . . Can't it conceive of the cloning become a directions for reproduction like an other? Is it about a technique of reproduction or a technique of manufacteure on sight of a genetic produce very definite?
Ravat, Jérôme. "Philosophie empirique des désaccords moraux. Une théorie de l'imaginaire polémique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040122.
Full textThe aim of this study is to develop a theory in order to describe, explain, and regulate moral disagreements. Ours is an empirical approach to moral disagreement, based mainly on empirical data provided by social and moral psychology.The morphology of moral disagreement (part 1) reveals that it is drawn from polemical imagination, which consists of three key elements: analogy, metaphor, and symbol. Such hybridization gives birth to symbolic networks, organizing the relationship between the moral opponents.The genealogy of moral disagreement (part 2) aims to determine the sources of these symbolic networks. We will analyse the psychological, anthropological, and socio-historical processes underlying the moral disagreements. The key role of family – as matrix, model and object of disagreement – will be emphasized.The polemology of moral disagreement (part 3) attempts to reorganize the symbolic networks through a pragmatic and normative approach. We will analyse the procedures in view of a regulation including the transformation of polemical imagination into consensual imagination.Thus, moral disagreement must be reasserted, before any attempt to rehumanising the moral field.Key-words: moral disagreement, moral philosophy, social psychology, moral psychology, imagination, analogy, metaphor, symbol, family
Pinto, Tomás Júlia Catarina De Sá. "L' invisibilité sociale dans la société contemporaine." Montpellier 3, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON30045.
Full textIt is the refusal to see the Other that constitutes an invisible otherness. Where does this refusal to see the difference come from ? And what does the society refuse to see ? Who are the "invisible ones" ? The notion of social invisibility gives the possibility to build a structure for analysis, which can be applied to the social world leading one directly to the theme of social recognition. The will to ignore or to despise someone can be seen as a refusal to know and recognise the Other. Human consciousness does not want to see disturbing realities. Occidental society's triumphant morality has serious difficulties in accepting new tendencies. However, change is a teature of life. Therefore, the refusal to see other realities indicates weakness and ignorance. In the quest of knowledge ans wisdom, the idea of invisibility can be quite insightful in all domains. It can lead one beyond what is seen by the eye, beyond the given reality, to discover new (real or imaginary) worlds
Merle, Jean-Christophe. "Justice et progrès. Droit naturel et justice sociale." Paris 4, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA040078.
Full textDespite the problem's currency, contemporary philosophy continues to neglect the need normatively to ground social and economic rights. Classical natural law theory offers reflections that can form the basis for an attempt to do so. Since Cicero, natural law has been thought to establish rules of acquisition without referring to community-based justice. Still, it attributes certain rights to non-owners, such as the defense of necessity or the right of adversarial possession and later, with Leibniz, the obligation in equity to cooperate. The young Kant of 1764 radically rejected both serfdom and wage-labor. Natural justice also demanded the creation of poorhouses. Nonetheless, though natural law distributes ownership without reference to any criteria of justice, the dominum terrae confers the innate right of each man to use the earth. Taken out of context, this seems self-contradictory, since this right cannot be enjoyed at once by all. But Kantian and Fichtean property rights rest on a permissive law which structures ownership to allow for the same freedoms to coexist for all, mutually restricted as necessary but in the same way for all. The Fichtean system recognizes the right to own the productive means to work for his personal subsistence, pleasure and leisure. But Fichte avoids the pitfalls that so often accompany the economic planning he advocates. His social and economic model leaves a genuine place for individual initiative and enterprise, as well as freedom to choose one's own life style. More, it allows for the consideration of how economic progress - which demands investment, a growing division of labor, the adaptation of production and work to the market, and so on - can take place within this same framework of justice
Otepa, Onema Albert. "Le fondement ontologique de l’alterité. Une lecture africaine de la pensée bubérienne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/246021.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
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Moyse, Danielle. "La question de l'éthique chez Martin Heidegger, ou éthique et finitude." Paris 4, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA040041.
Full textWhile Heidegger did not of course formulate any kind of normative ethics, he did however, fundamentally transform ethical premises: the very fact that he conceived of man as being-in-the-world, should keep us from interpreting "autonomy" as detachment from the world around us (which was in fact Kant’s position) or spirituality in terms of any kind of intelligible reality. On the other hand, having made a radical break with solipsism, Heidegger seems to have arrived at one of the finest philosophical reflections on the notions of receptivity and kindness, at a time when modern western philosophers were only centering on the subject and the subject's will to power. As a mortal being abandoned in this world, the dasein achieves the capability of letting-be
Clauzade, Laurent. "Le cerveau chez Auguste Comte : de la biologie à la morale : la physiologie cérébrale, philosophie des sciences et physique sociale." Lille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL30024.
Full textBedjaï, Marc. "Métaphysique, éthique et politique dans l'oeuvre du Docteur Franciscus van den Enden, 1602-1674 : contribution à l'étude des écrits de B. Spinoza (1632-1677)." Paris 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA010567.
Full textIn order to understand the genesis of spinozism, we have relied on the free-thinking and secret personality of spinoza's master in latinity, v. D. Enden whom meinsma made his disciple's disciple, thus concealing the historical importance of v. D. Enden's circle for the benefit of spinoza's| the study of the political struggle waged by v. D. Enden, by his son-in-law kerckrinck (cf. His letters) and by french free-thinkers against louis xiv (1671-74) showed us the anonymous political works of spinoza's master (rohan' s criminal trial,an): vrye politijke stellingen, p. 1,1665,65r; extract mss. Rom p. 2(on political economics) and p. 3 (a democratic state based on a federation of powerful towns); then korte verhael van nieuw nederlants, 62,63r,65r(?). Thus we discovered the philedonius (57) at the bn| we have shown a direct line between these works and those of spinoza in their attempt to give a lay translation of the secret alchemical and hermetic tradition. The hermetic play of 57 supports a liberating ethics centred on the ontological mystery of corporeity: the short treatise (adapted lessons v. D. Enden's (?) and above all ethics formalize the hermetic system of nature founded on the analogy microcosm macrocosm. The theologico-political is the equivalent to stellingen (1) (cf. The anonymous scheme opposing moses christ & ineditum spinozanum (?). The political treatise reflects these anti-regents speeches for the people's freedom: korte, an extrapolation of plockhoy's american communal plan; stellingen (3), its extension
Gnada, Boukari Aristide. "Le principe don en éthique sociale et théologie morale : une implication de la philosophie du don chez Derrida, Marion et Bruaire /." Paris : l'Harmattan, 2009. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41468129g.
Full textMonferrand, Frédéric. "Marx, ontologie sociale et critique du capitalisme : une lecture des manuscrits économico-philosophiques de 1844." Thesis, Paris 10, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA100035.
Full textWhat type of ontology is mobilized when one asserts that capitalism is a form of social organization which is specific and can be historically overcome? In order to answer this question, we proceed in this study to a reading of the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844. Starting with an analysis of their young-Hegelian context of elaboration as well as of the stakes of their reception within Marxism, I argue that Marx in these manuscripts builds upon a critical description of the experience of alienation to develop a processual ontology of society. This ontology combines a theory of the alienated forms that structure the social world (money, division of labour, private property) and a theory of the content alienated under these forms (essential forces and objects, nature and species-being). The critical model that emerges here – which can be described as a “critical ontology of capitalism” - has produced profound effects on the different attempts by theoreticians, from Herbert Marcuse to Louis Althusser and from Georg Lukács to Antonio Negri, to confer to the project of a radical transformation of society the ontology it deserves. And it is by the evaluation of its effects that it become possible to formulate anew the question of the ruptures and continuities between the Manuscripts of 1844 and Capital
Poirier, Nicolas. "Création et institution : trajets critiques et ontologie politique dans l'oeuvre de Cornelius Castoriadis." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA070040.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to offer a new interpretation of Cornélius Castoriadis' s work which is traditionallv presented as being split into two clearlv distinct moments: on the one hand. The political and militant period of Socialism or Barbarism (1949-1967), and on tin other hand, the philosophical and theoretical period of The imaginary Institution of Society and Crossroads in the Labyrinth (1968- 1997). However, what we endeavour to demonstrate is that, in reality, the political and philosophical dimensions are deeply interwove in Castoriadis's work. Through the analysis of hitherto unpublished philosophical texts written by Castoriadis throughout the 1950s, the first part of the thesis is devoted to emphasizing the antinomies of the contemplative thought which, according to Castoriadis. Are constituent of the traditional philosophy which is unable to take the specificity of the praxis into account. The second part of our work attempts to draw a parallel between the contradictions of the contemplative attitude and those of the traditional revolutionary politics, and to understand the deep reasons which led Castoriadis to break off with Marxism. The third part of the thesis seeks to highlight the originality of Castoriadis's political thought, elaborated following his breaking off with Marxism and which will have consisted of a reflection on the conditions of a genuine democratic society, conceived as an explicit self-institution; through an understanding of the historicity elaborated in keeping with psychoanalysis and the Greek ontology of chaos
Allard, Aurelien. "Le mérite : signification, possibilité et valeur." Thesis, Paris 8, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA080012.
Full textThe idea of merit holds a special status in contemporary societies. Like equality or liberty, merit enjoys a very high degree of support in many western countries. However, contrary to other moral principles, the idea of merit suffers from a very high degree of skepticism within the philosophical literature. We defend in this dissertation that this skepticism is unjustified, and that merit owes its popularity to the fact that it is a fundamental moral principle. The originality of this dissertation lies in part in the recourse to psychological experiments used to study folk perception of fundamental philosophical problems. This recourse to empirical methods is justified by the idea that every moral theory should be a rationalization of folk intuitions. The deep anchoring of merit in commonsense morality constitutes a major justification of the value of merit. Furthermore, we put forward three other justifications. Merit also plays a fundamental role in the promotion of collective welfare, ensures the harmony of private and public interest, and contributes to the constitution of a community of values. This four-fold justification enables us to defend the necessity of inscribing merit within a pluralist theory of social justice
Malherbe, Olivier. "L'homme face à ses œuvres: création et créativité dans la pensée de Roman Ingarden." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/249209.
Full textDoctorat en Philosophie
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Miravète, Sébastien. "La durée bergsonienne comme nombre et comme morale." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011TOU20023/document.
Full textThis work proposes to revisit the principal concept of Bergson's philosophy : la durée. Firstly, la durée is a special number. Jankélévitch and Deleuze think that la durée of consciousness has only quality properties, but, in fact, the real time for Bergson is not a form without numerical dimension. Secondly, the signification of la durée is moral. Deleuze and Henri Gouhier think that the finality of life, for Bergson, is the innovation, the creation, (love of creation) but, in fact, the finality of life is the construction of a fraternal society (creation of love)
Verret-Hamelin, Antoine. "L'entreprise et le politique." Thesis, Université Laval, 2013. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2013/29837/29837.pdf.
Full textStefanovic, Zana. "L'éthique, ou comment s'orienter dans l'existence." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080109.
Full textThe project of our thesis is to demonstrate certain absolutely valid ethical principles which would enable every man to orient himself in the existence and every community to organise itself in the most just and egalitarian manner possible. We accomplish this demonstration by grounding it in the factual ontology as developed by Quentin Meillassoux. More precisely, we ground the ethical principles in his demonstration of the absolute necessity of contingency from which we derive it’s ethical implications whose absolute validity is thereby also demonstrated.The demonstration of the absolute ethical principles and their application to the empirical facts of the existing world make it possible to determine clearly the just rules that should be respected by every community in the existing world.The determination of these rules brings us to the conclusion that the most just form of society in our world would be a world-wide communist state whose rules of production and distribution of goods would be very similar to those that governed the communist states of the 20th century. We show that there are some essential differences between these two forms of communist states among which especially the following one : the fundamental principles of the organisation of a communist state are now for the first time clearly demonstrated and thereby comprehensible to everyone. Consequently, the legitimisation of these (communist) principles no longer needs any blind faith in the figure of the Chief or that of the Party which were supposed to be above our clear comprehension in the communist states of the 20th century
Bankovsky, Miriam Ann. "La Justice sociale après Kant : entre constructivisme et déconstruction (Rawls, Habermas, Lévinas, Derrida)." Paris 10, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA100117.
Full textThis thesis examines the relation between two contrasting approaches to justice: the constructive and reconstructive projects of Rawls and Habermas on the one hand, and the deconstructive projects of Levinas and Derrida on the other. First, I identify the central difference between the two projects, reconstructing each account of justice as it develops in relation to Kant’s practical philosophy. I then argue that the two projects are complementary. Whilst Rawls and Habermas defend the possibility of objectively realising Kant’s impartial standpoint by means of the “original position” or the “procedures of discourse ethics”, Levinas and Derrida affirm the impossibility of determining the content of justice. In Kant’s moral law, Levinas discovers a non-Kantian principle of responsibility for the particular other which conflicts with impartiality. Distinguishing himself still further, Derrida defends the “undecidability” of justice’s function. Justice must be pursued but no local determination can reconcile responsibility for the other with impartiality among all. I then defend the complementarity of the two projects. “Reasonable faith” in the possibility of justice must be supplemented by the acknowledgment of its impossibility. Conversely, attesting to justice’s failure is unsatisfactory without commitment to the possibility of constructing just social forms. Distancing myself from the liberal critique whereby deconstruction withdraws from the political (Fraser, McCarthy, Benhabib), I instead add my voice to a dissenting group (Young, Cornell, Mouffe, Honig, Honneth, Patton, Thomassen) which affirms that deconstruction can productively engage with the constructive tradition
Gléonec, Anne. "Du corps au corps politique ? : pour une refonte phénoménologique de l'analogie." Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070061.
Full textThis research project seeks to reveal the phenomenological conditions legitimizing the analogy between the body and the political body. Such a resumption of the analogy of the body in the political domain has deployed itself a priori against the current of the contemporary factual politic. In this sense, numerous thinkers have gone as far as seeing in modem democracy a 'revolution', founded precisely on the disappearance of the political body, on the loss of social corporeity that characterized the Ancient Regime, for which the king's body furnished the guarantee and the replica. But there is inside democracy a disincorporation more fondamental than the one which is so praised, because this disincorporation is dependent upon modem uprooting and results from the negative forgetting of any membership, any identity, and any filiation, in line with abstract Universalist principles. The task that we proposed was exactly to question phenomenologically the unifying link between disincorporation and uprooting, to reform the analogy, against the old schema of the fusion or general will
Cugurno, Emmanuelle. "Liberté et genèse de la personne humaine dans l'oeuvre de Jean-Jacques Rousseau." Paris, EHESS, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EHES0058.
Full textThe thesis is divided in two parts. The first one analyses the concept and status of humain person, trying to follow the line of the human being's authentical development: from sensibility to the rising of conscience and moral. The second part develops the question of freedom into social and political order. The thesis endeavours to show that the transition from an order to another one is made possible by the permanence of the exigency of men's freedom. The chapters treat respectively of relation between nature and politic, political freedom and social contract, passions and social contracts. The thesis ends with the question of religion and the place it takes, in the city on one hand and for the personn on the other hand
Garrau, Marie. "L’importance de la vulnérabilité : essai sur la signification et les implications de la catégorie de vulnérabilité dans la philosophie morale et politique contemporaine." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100154.
Full textThe notion of vulnerability has recently become central in contemporary moral and political philosophy and in contemporary sociology. This work starts from the assumption that this notion carries with it a new conception of the subject, distinct both from the liberal conception and from the conception promoted by the moral tradition that defines autonomy as self-mastery. In order to define the concept of vulnerability, we first compare the way Martha Nussbaum, Axel Honneth, and care theorists such as Carol Gilligan and Joan Tronto use that notion. This comparison leads us to develop a dual conception of vulnerability according to which vulnerability should be understood as an anthropological category and a sociological one: vulnerability primarily refers to the situation of exposition and dependence in which corporeal and relational subjects are necessarily placed; that we are vulnerable means that our autonomy is dependent on the way others treat us. But vulnerability can also refer to the subjective effects produced by social situations or social contexts that deprive the subject of the conditions that are necessary for the development of her autonomy. We then show that this conception can be confirmed by an analysis of the way sociology makes use of the notion. We focus on the sociology of disaffiliation, social disqualification and domination. Finally, we try to highlight the normative implications of our conception of vulnerability. We argue that neorepublicanism, as developed by Philip Pettit, can help us to define a politics of vulnerability committed to the promotion of the relational and social conditions of autonomy, if we rework it by including in it the major contributions of care ethics and recognition theory
Fouquet, Etienne. "Morale et économie : une recherche de principes de limitation de la pensée économique : applications particulières aux cas de Adam Smith, John Rawls et Amartya Sen." Poitiers, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010POIT5003.
Full textThe issue of knowing whether it is possible to find one or several principles able to limit the influence on society of economic thought, and associated behaviour, has often been raised by philosophy. To-day, the latter’s influence appears weakened by the development of modern liberal economic science, particularly in the English speaking world. The work of three of its representative thinkers, namely Adam Smith, John Rawls, and Amartya Sen, a prominent economist opened to philosophical issues raised by the first two, is scrutinized. Without any preconceived thought based on philosophical moral or religious considerations, this scrutiny is stimulated by the opening question. The progress of economic thought is reviewed in parallel, mainly in the English and American world where the influence of utilitarianism has been particularly strong. It is only when these inquiries have been completed that can be specified the main axis of a critique of economic thought: the limits of its anthropological basis tends to be occulted by its impressive mathematical developments
Jaffro, Laurent. "Recherches sur le sens moral, le sens commun, et l'association. Note de synthèse." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Nanterre - Paris X, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00174292.
Full textFausto, Ruy. "Recherches sur la formation et la portée de la dialectique dans l'oeuvre de Marx." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010551.
Full textBerlioz, Sophie. "Vers un réalisme social des êtres collectifs : du mode d'existence des objets sociaux, des institutions et des entreprises." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0106.
Full textThis work in the area of social ontology concerns the nature and the dynamics of collective social entities such as, social ordinary objects, institutions and firms. The aim is to understand whether social entities that are distinct from individuals that make them up can exist, and if so how they can exist and be real. More specifically, the aim is to evidence the links within social reality between individuals and collectives, from an exploration of the modes of existence of social objects and modes of "togetherness" in collectives. Our approach is realist: we defend that social objects and institutions are mind-dependant, but that the dynamics and the interactions processes that it enables are real. For this purpose, we propose a theoretical distinction between two types of collective social entity. Typel collective entities (EC1) correspond to objects that are collectively recognised, such as firms, bills, work of art. Type 2 collective entities (EC2) correspond to groups of individuals who can associate, coordinate with a view to a common objective, and in certain conditions act as collective agents. For instance, it is the case for the business enterprises which survives to the substitution of its members. After successively considering the nature and modes of existence of these two types of collective entity (mixed compositions, retroactivity, processes) we will show that they are closely linked within institutions. Institutions are both social objects that are collectively recognised, and places of collective action. Using different analyses and examples, we will show that the understanding of the activities occurring within these settings requires two aspects to be taken into account. In the last part of this work the ontological tools identified in the earlier analyses are applied to the business enterprise, analysed as a hierarchical organization, place of power, action and formal and informal networks. The questions of integration of agents into the entity formed by the business enterprise, of the possibility of acting as a collective agent and of the sustainability of the business enterprise over time are also examined in detail, outlining the fundamental properties of this specific social entity
Ganyanad, Ndzimba. "Anthropologie historique d'Alexis de Tocqueville." Amiens, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AMIE0008.
Full textAlexis de Tocqueville is a thinker of democracy in the most liberal sense of the word: the world of equality between humans, and the worry, even the anguish which goes through his books, holds particularly to the fact that the democracy opens the road to the societies in which the state is almighty. But he is not a thinker of totalitarism. Furthermore, Alexis de Tocqueville is a comparatist author whose the thought constantly proceeds by putting into parallel several national histories or several societies: United States of America, England, France, and also Germany at the end of his life. Historian and sociologist, he uses a necessary method which he preferred: a direct observation of facts and social phenomenons, through a sociological survey in an existing community. The thought of Alexis de Tocqueville was linked to his aristocratic-family origins and his social conditions. The dominating idea is that Alexis de Tocqueville is one of " headmastered thinkers" of our age. Because, according to Raymond Aron, Tocqueville was a "pioneer" of the sociological thought. His prescience would deeply be expressed in the announcement of the irresistible advent of the democracy, but the idea was in the "air of time" since 1821. His aristocratic family origins and his intellectual education have progressively shaped his thought through his human experiences that he knew. Globally we can distinguish three important moments in his life and his thought: his youth during which he joins on the aristocratic family opinions, he gets clear intellectually of the family environment aristocratic ideas from where he is come, for coming round to the democracy, his mature period during which he developed advanced ideas and undertook an important public career and, finally a period of disillusions which corresponds to a tender reverse in ideology and his retirement from politics under a growing pessimism. This philosophy of history and political thought of the author is found in his two great books: "The Ancien Regime and the Revolution" that is the opposite of "Democracy in America"; the two books complete each other simultaneously. "Democracy in America" is a sociological analysis of the democratic state, whereas the "The Old Regime and the revolution" is a historical investigation on the manner of which french pass from the monarchy to democracy
Ascarate, Coronel Luz Maria. "Psyché ranimée. Imagination et émancipation dans la philosophie de Paul Ricœur." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0063.
Full textWe identify the contribution of Ricoeur's phenomenological anthropology to social philosophy, from the dual perspective of imagination and emancipation, in order to respond to the challenges of the time of the crisis of meaning, a crisis that manifests itself as a loss of foundations. With regard to Ricoeur's analyses of imagination, many of which are still unpublished, we think as follows: the Paul Ricoeur's phenomenology of fiction contributes to think the subject's experience as the foundation of the social imagination from a constitutive point of view. In this way, we understand Ricoeur's phenomenological anthropology as oriented towards an emancipation project.We are convinced that this Ricoeurian philosophy, developed specifically in the 1970s, can respond to the problems that the crisis of meaning imposes, first on the task of founding philosophy and then on the social world. It is no coincidence that Ricoeur devoted a series of lectures at that time to the social imagination, published under the famous title of Lectures on Ideology and Utopia, at the same time as his Lectures on Imagination. These that remain unpublished develop its phenomenology of fiction as a general philosophy that proposes an ontology of the possible.Our thesis is that this ontology would make it possible to give foundations to the social of an entirely sui generis character, different from those of political philosophy. The latter is accused, in particular, by social philosophy, of not sufficiently reflecting the constitutive or ontological dimension of the social world, in which there are more profound issues than those raised by the criticism of the domination envisaged by political philosophy
Prevot-Carpentier, Muriel. "Les "conditions de travail" : proposition de modélisation pour l'usage : Entre épistémologie et philosophie sociale, un mode de traitement ergologique du concept." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM3111.
Full textStemming from an issue concerning the creation of the observatory of the working conditions within the French National Employment Agency (ANPE) that we participated in as beneficiary of an industrial research grant (CIFRE), the thesis retraces the conceptual genealogies that led to the current views on the concept of « working conditions », which was institutionalized in France around 1970 but remain undefined. Initially structured according to a factorial understanding based on the division of labour, then extended using sequential design derived from taylorism, its meaning is progressively built during the nineteenth century through dialectics between rights-freedom and authority-domination which refers to a political understanding of the working conditions, subsumed from the early twentieth century’s rationalization movement by an organizational design of fully standardized or standardizable conditions. These conditions then tend to be exploited within institutional negotiations, being disconnected from continuously renewed dialectics between normative and normed in activity. This gap between the concept and real life is an epistemological usurpation which we propose to surpass using an ergological way of modeling the concept that brings visibility to multiple groups of debates regarding standards, and therefore values, from micro to macro in the social space. This renewed way of addressing the concept which benefits to those who work, could promote the emergence of alternatives left in the semi-darkness of the activity, potential sources of performance for productive groups
Hiéronimus, Gilles. "L'imagination du mouvement dans la poétique de Gaston Bachelard." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3023.
Full textBy focusing on systematically studying "the imagination of movement" (subtitle of the 1943 book entitled The air and dreams), this thesis is primarily intended to show that a true philosophy unfolds through the poetics of Gaston Bachelard.The latter links in a new way, in a dynamic perspective, a theory and practice of imagination whose scope far exceeds the framework of a psychology of daydream and creative writing, to which it remains too often reduced: the philosopher shows that the images of different movement that animate the natural world (material, plant, animal) open the subject to structuring experience of an elementary verticality whose energy challenges and builds his own psycho-physical verticality. The detailed study of imaginative movement allows to unveil, beyond an original psychology, the ontological, anthropological and ethical meanings of bachelardian imagination.This study involves the implementation of a singular dynamic micro-phenomenology, allowing attention to focus on the cognitive, kinesthesic and affective dimensions of images, and through which the act of "seeing" in imagination (Part one : Seeing : The Movement Image) deepens - in a gradual incarnation – towards body movement (Second part : Moving : the images of motricity) and then towards "being moved" (Part Three : the images of emotion). However, far from locking away the subject in any form of psychological immanence, the focus of attention is intensifying its presence in the world as others and, thereby, involves an "action" (Part Four: Acting : the images of action) structured by the dynamic of verticality.Bachelard’s poetics therefore delivers a complete philosophy, underpinned by concrete practice of the imagination, philosophy whose focus is a demanding ethical verticality, anxious to direct all our movements in the sense of an increased existence
Pitard, Eric. "Un "sujet-mal-dans-sa-peau" ou d'une éthique de l'Alter-ité : corporéité, affectivité et subjectivité dans "Autrement qu'être ou au-delà de l'essence" d'Emmanuel Levinas." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAK013/document.
Full textThe question of the subject. A fundamental question which is like a red thread for those who want to talk and move in Emmanuel Levinas’ philosophical thought. Move in an untimely and always moving thought that moves and progresses as wave motion, continuous and catchy. Intimate movement and constitutes a powerful thought that, from its inception to its peak, has stopped wearing as much as to be driven by it, the abyssal question of the subject. Querying dizzying, indeed, that intimately doubles intense reflection on otherness, both part of a single breath, a single philosophical movement that Levinas means unfold patiently for his early works to his master-piece, his most arid, confusing, broken and disturbing work, especially by its ethical radicalism writing syncopated style : Otherwise than Being or beyond Essence (1974). A work of maturity which is developed and gives page after page to see a new face of the subject, both extremely accomplished, carved into the rock and even chased oh questionnante and subjected itself to controversy. A fragile subject – free of any egological stance, of any substantial base – expatriate in short as far as possible, its ancient lands and ontological privilege. Ethical subjectivity is what Levinas precisely exposes in all its glory and in its lower ribs and possible downturns ; subjectivity autopsied somehow open, as in spite of itself, the enigmatic work of an intimate otherness that has always inhabited
La, Riva González Palmira. "Au plus près du corps : la construction sociale du corps-personne dans une communauté des Andes du sud du Pérou." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100193.
Full textIn the Andes of southern Peru (Cuzco), the human being-person is not given at birth ipso facto, once and for all. It is the « product » of a social « Construction » throughout the life cycle of individuals. Born in a state of « animality » and « wildness », the newborn child is supposed to be Saqra.This term refers to the sphere of non-social, and wild nightlife and it is opposed to the human, domesticated and diurnal sphere. It is therefore necessary for the newborn to be transformed in a social human being-person, man (qhari) or woman (warmi). This process of humanization is obtained throughout the life cycle rituals
Hiraishi, Koki. "Le statut philosophique de l'enseignement chez Emmanuel Levinas." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAC020/document.
Full textThis thesis aims primarily to clarify the philosophical status of '"enseignement" in the philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas. As we will show, the concept of "enseignement" is to be located at the very heart of Levinas' philosophy, and it is defined by him in a different way than usual. Namely, "enseignement" does not mean transmission of knowledge from one person to another, but it means instead passive experience of "being called into question (être mis en question)" in the ethical relation with the Other. It is at this intersection between "enseignement" and ethics that our thesis intends to interpret various fundamental problems of the philosophy of Levinas and to cast a new light on it
Rondeau, Dany. "Prolégomènes à une éthique globale interculturelle." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ65430.pdf.
Full textBagnolini, Guillaume. "A la marge des sciences institutionnelles, philosophie et anthropologie de l'éthique du mouvement de biohacking en France." Thesis, Tours, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOUR2018/document.
Full textBiohacking provides sharp criticism against official scientific institutions and endorses a call for more freedom through the constitution of “independent” citizen laboratories, the so-called biohackerspaces. My dissertation, which has a philosophical and anthropological focus, is based essentially on the study of a citizen laboratory, la Myne in Lyon. After a historical part, dedicated to the description and analysis of the epistemological influences which inspire biohacking, I poses several questions: how does the practice of technical and scientific Do-It-Yourself in these spaces lead to the construction of “new” norms and moral values? How is collective ethics articulated in a space like la Myne? How do the moral values defended become operative with the set of an individual ethics throughout the time? The aim of this dissertation is to lead through a critical analysis of biohacking to a broader reflection on citizens’ participation in techno-scientific choices and on policies concerning scientific and technical production
Gadenne, Clotilde. "Le Chemin de la Civilisation : réflexions autour de la perception des Indiens du Brésil par les voyageurs français (1843-1906)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100088/document.
Full textRenaissance Europe saw the beginnings of a wider view of the world. This new, global perspective underlay the European projects of expansion and integration. The arrival of French explorers and travelers in Brazil in the second half of the 19th century was shaped by this movement , that shaped the very concept of civilization. This concept was rooted in a specific report to time and space, and the Brazilian elites, intent on being considered part of the civilized world, bought into it. To this ‘way of civilization’ responded the way advocated by French travelers for the transformation of the Indians and the Brazilian wilderness. Their encounters with the Other, while varied, were always interpreted in the prevailing terms of human progress. Describing the Indians, the French were adding to the understanding of the diversity of human societies, even while they sought at the same time to reduce it. The travelers made observations about the natives and their lands, and they considered how they might be refashioned and made more useful to humanity. The supposed universality of this model of civilization echoes the universal scale on which its vision of the world was based. Taking another look at the ‘way of civilization’ can let space for others conceptions of the world, based on different perceptions of reality. It makes wonder about those values of western civilization of the 19th century and their present outcomes. The look at Indians is not the same today than in the past, but, it's possible to detect in it the trace of a similar inherited structure
Valicourt, Ian de. "La question de la violence dans la philosophie d'Emmanuel Levinas." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16520.
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