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Journal articles on the topic 'Morandi Bridge Collapse'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 22 February 2023

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1

Malomo, Daniele, Nicola Scattarreggia, Andrea Orgnoni, Rui Pinho, Matteo Moratti, and Gian Michele Calvi. "Numerical Study on the Collapse of the Morandi Bridge." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 34, no. 4 (August 2020): 04020044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0001428.

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2

Milillo, Pietro, Giorgia Giardina, Daniele Perissin, Giovanni Milillo, Alessandro Coletta, and Carlo Terranova. "Pre-Collapse Space Geodetic Observations of Critical Infrastructure: The Morandi Bridge, Genoa, Italy." Remote Sensing 11, no. 12 (June 12, 2019): 1403. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121403.

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We present a methodology for the assessment of possible pre-failure bridge deformations, based on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) observations. We apply this methodology to obtain a detailed 15-year survey of the Morandi bridge (Polcevera Viaduct) in the form of relative displacements across the structure prior to its collapse on August 14th 2018. We generated a displacement map for the structure from space-based SAR measurements acquired by the Italian constellation COSMO-SkyMed and the European constellation Sentinel-1A/B over the period 2009–2018. Historical satellite datasets include Envisat data spanning 2003–2011. The map reveals that the bridge was undergoing an increased magnitude of deformations over time prior to its collapse. This technique shows that the deck next to the collapsed pier was characterized since 2015 by increasing relative displacements. The COSMO-SkyMed dataset reveals the increased deformation magnitude over time of several points located near the strands of this deck between 12th March 2017 and August 2018.
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3

Burlando, Massimiliano, Djordje Romanic, Giorgio Boni, Martina Lagasio, and Antonio Parodi. "Investigation of the Weather Conditions During the Collapse of the Morandi Bridge in Genoa on 14 August 2018 Using Field Observations and WRF Model." Atmosphere 11, no. 7 (July 7, 2020): 724. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11070724.

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On 14 August 2018, Morandi Bridge in Genoa, Italy, collapsed to the ground that was 40 m below. This tragedy killed 43 people. Preliminary investigations indicated poor design, questionable building practices, and insufficient maintenance—or a combination of these factors—as a possible cause of the collapse. However, around the collapse time, a thunderstorm associated with strong winds, lightning, and rain also developed over the city. While it is unclear if this thunderstorm played a role in the collapse, the present study examines the weather conditions before and during the bridge collapse. The study particularly focuses on the analysis of a downburst that was observed around the collapse time and a few kilometers away from the bridge. Direct and remote sensing measurements are used to describe the evolution of the thunderstorm during its approached from the sea to the city. The Doppler lidar measurements allowed the reconstruction of the gust front shape and the evaluation of its displacement velocity of 6.6 m s−1 towards the lidar. The Weather Research and Forecasting simulations highlighted that it is still challenging to forecast localized thunderstorms with operational setups. The study has shown that assimilation of radar reflectivity improves the timing and reconstruction of the gust front observed by local measurements.
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4

Lanari, Riccardo, Diego Reale, Manuela Bonano, Simona Verde, Yasir Muhammad, Gianfranco Fornaro, Francesco Casu, and Michele Manunta. "Comment on “Pre-Collapse Space Geodetic Observations of Critical Infrastructure: The Morandi Bridge, Genoa, Italy” by Milillo et al. (2019)." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 4011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244011.

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We present in this comment a Multi-Temporal SAR Interferometry (MT-InSAR) analysis showing that the results published by Milillo et al. (2019) in the Remote Sensing Journal, presenting the evidence of space geodetic observations relevant to displacements occurring before the collapse of the Morandi Bridge, happened in Genova (Italy) on the 14 August 2018, are questionable. In particular, we focus on the InSAR results obtained by Milillo et al. (2019) by processing the 3 m × 3 m resolution COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) data collected from ascending and descending orbits on the area of interest. These results, thanks to the high spatial resolution and the short revisit time characterizing this multi-orbit SAR dataset, represent the cornerstone of their analysis. The main findings of their study allow Milillo et al. to conclude that the InSAR processing of this COSMO-SkyMed dataset reveals the increased deformation magnitude over time of points located near the strands of the deck next to the collapsed pier, between 12 March 2017 and August 2018. In this comment, we show the results obtained by the IREA-CNR SAR team after processing the same ascending and descending CSK dataset, but by using two alternative and independent processing techniques: the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS) and the Advanced Tomographic SAR (TomoSAR) approaches, respectively. Our analysis shows that, although both the SBAS and the TomoSAR analyses allow achieving denser coherent pixel maps relevant to the Morandi bridge, nothing of the pre-collapse large displacements reported in Milillo et al. (2019) appears in our results, leading us to deeply disagree with the findings of their InSAR analysis.
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5

Milillo, Pietro, Giorgia Giardina, Daniele Perissin, Giovanni Milillo, Alessandro Coletta, and Carlo Terranova. "Reply to Lanari, R., et al. Comment on “Pre-Collapse Space Geodetic Observations of Critical Infrastructure: The Morandi Bridge, Genoa, Italy” by Milillo et al. (2019)." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 8, 2020): 4016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244016.

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We would like to thank our colleagues for their comment, as we believe that this discussion further highlights the importance of innovative research in the emerging field of InSAR applications to civil engineering structures. We discuss the statement from Lanari et al. (2020): “Our analysis shows that, although both the SBAS and the TomoSAR analyses allow achieving denser coherent pixel maps relevant to the Morandi bridge, nothing of the pre-collapse large displacements reported in Milillo et al. (2019) appears in our results”. In this reply we argue that (1) they cannot detect the pre-collapse movements because they use standard approaches and (2) the signals of interest become observable by changing the point of view.
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6

Marrone, Arcangelo, and Lara Oliva. "Is ESG Disclosure a Means to Respond to Catastrophic Events? A Case Study Analysis." International Journal of Business and Management 15, no. 11 (October 20, 2020): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v15n11p53.

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According to the legitimacy theory, disclosure can be considered as a tool for responding to the changing perceptions of a company's stakeholders. Based on this theory, this study, through a case study, examines the reaction of companies in terms of environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure to catastrophic events that have a negative effect on the corporate image. Specifically, this study examines the integrated reports provided by Atlantia in the two years preceding the collapse of the Morandi bridge and in the year of the catastrophic event. The results, however, do not demonstrate significant changes to the ESG disclosure by Atlantia following the catastrophic event. The changes made can in fact be considered as a normal evolution of disclosure policies and not as an attempt to repair the lost legitimacy.
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7

Delponte, Ilaria. "Institutional and Non-Institutional Governance Initiatives in Urban Transport Planning: The Paradigmatic Case of the Post-Collapse of the Morandi Bridge in Genoa." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 24, 2021): 5930. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115930.

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The relationship between the institutional (established in law) and non-institutional initiatives (not supported by law) that improve the public transport system is currently a debated topic. The purpose of this paper is to identify the most relevant aspects of this relationship during an emergency event, namely the paradigmatic case study of the collapse of the Morandi Bridge in Genoa, which occurred in August 2018. The investigation, according to a consistent methodology widely used in the literature, is made up of a selection of interviews with professional figures particularly involved in institutional structures, drawing on qualitative results, and compared with official statistics. The events that occurred in Genoa, during the phase of reorganization of the urban transport service and the circulation in the city, underlined how the response of citizenship is a crucial element, including from the governance point of view. Analytic and observational findings reveal that non-institutional initiatives smooth major criticalities where formal institutions can only produce sub-optimal transport solutions (because of the limited means they own by virtue of the moment of emergency), providing evidence that the two modes of governance are absolutely complementary.
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8

Limongelli, M. P., M. Previtali, L. Cantini, S. Carosio, J. C. Matos, J. M. Isoird, H. Wenzel, and C. Pellegrino. "LIFECYCLE MANAGEMENT, MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT FOR SAFE LARGE-SCALE INFRASTRUCTURES: CHALLENGES AND NEEDS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W11 (May 4, 2019): 727–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w11-727-2019.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Many European infrastructures dating back to ’50 and ’60 of the last century like bridges and viaducts are approaching the end of their design lifetime. In most European countries costs related to maintenance of infrastructures reach a quite high percentage of the construction budget and additional costs in terms of traffic delay are due to downtime related to the inspection and maintenance interventions. In the last 30 years, the rate of deterioration of these infrastructures has increased due to increased traffic loads, climate change related events and man-made hazards. A sustainable approach to infrastructures management over their lifecycle plays a key role in reducing the impact of mobility on safety (over 50&amp;thinsp;000 fatalities in EU per year) and the impact of greenhouse gases emission related to fossil fuels. The events related to the recent collapse of the Morandi bridge in Italy tragically highlighted the sheer need to improve resilience of aging transport infrastructures, in order to increase the safety for people and goods and to reduce losses of functionality and the related consequences. In this focus Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is one of the key strategies with a great potential to provide a new approach to performance assessment and maintenance over the life cycle for an efficient, safe, resilient and sustainable management of the infrastructures. In this paper research efforts, needs and challenges in terms of performance monitoring, assessment and standardization are described and discussed.</p>
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9

Rania, Nadia, Ilaria Coppola, Francesco Martorana, and Laura Migliorini. "The Collapse of the Morandi Bridge in Genoa on 14 August 2018: A Collective Traumatic Event and Its Emotional Impact Linked to the Place and Loss of a Symbol." Sustainability 11, no. 23 (December 1, 2019): 6822. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11236822.

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The collapse of the Morandi bridge in Italy, which took place in the summer of 2018, has had enormous emotional, economic, and social consequences for the inhabitants of the area, which are felt throughout the world. As seen in the literature, collective traumatic events increase the experience of insecurity and paranoia, thus increasing the perception of vulnerability. The present work aims to bring out the emotions most experienced by the participants connected to the traumatic event in question, paying attention to the possible solutions to be proposed to local stakeholders from a sustainability perspective, this way favouring community empowerment. The research, carried out with the photovoice technique, involved 30 young adults residing in areas near the event. The results illustrate how the participants experienced mainly feelings of emptiness, vulnerability, and fear as well as anger, despair, and mistrust of the institutions. It was also stressed that the economic and structural hardships hit the inhabitants hard. There have been many concrete solutions identified by the participants: creating a support network, supporting the local economy, and keeping the memory alive. The research and application implications underline the importance of using photovoice within community interventions, a tool that facilitates awareness and active citizenship.
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10

Pirlone, Francesca, Ilenia Spadaro, and Selena Candia. "More Resilient Cities to Face Higher Risks. The Case of Genoa." Sustainability 12, no. 12 (June 12, 2020): 4825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12124825.

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This paper analyzes some natural and man-made disasters that happened in recent years, which demonstrate how the resilience of a city does not depend only on the actions carried out by public authorities, but it requires the joint work of all actors that live or work in a city. Resilience represents the ability of an urban system to adapt to an external event and quickly return to normality. In recent years, urban resilience has mainly addressed natural risks, neglecting man-made disaster. Therefore, this study considers the risk issue in relation to the resilience concept within urban planning and policies to achieve sustainability and urban security. Urban resilience has become an important objective for cities, particularly to face climate change. The paper proposes a review of the existing Civil Protection Urban Emergency Plan, as a sector plan to support urban planning at the local level, aimed at building resilience in cities. In particular, the proposed Emergency Plan reduces risk and increases resilience by identifying specific scenarios and actions that every city actor—public authorities, research, enterprises, and citizens—can implement. This proposal contributes to the implementation of the quadruple helix principle, according to which the involvement of these four actors is necessary to achieve a common goal, such as increasing urban resilience. The proposed methodology is then applied to the man-made disasters that have involved the city (such as the flood of 2011 and the collapse of the Morandi Bridge in 2018). Genoa represents a good example to be studied according to the “learning-by-doing” approach to understand how the city has responded, adapting resiliently, to natural and man-made events thanks to the collaboration of all the actors above mentioned. The new scenarios, included in the Urban Emergency Plan, can play a fundamental role, both in the emergency and prevention phase, and can help other cities around the world in planning more resilient cities to face higher risks.
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11

Rymsza, Janusz. "Causes of the Collapse of the Polcevera Viaduct in Genoa, Italy." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 8098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178098.

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The article investigates the causes of the Morandi viaduct collapse in Genoa. This three-span viaduct was a part of the A10 motorway leading to Savona. The structure design of the viaduct supports and diagonal stay cables was unique. The viaduct included three cable-stayed system, each supported a three-span continuous beam by two sets of prestressed concrete cables on the two sides of the pylon across the width. The pair of V shapes piers supported upside-down V pylons that supported the top ends of two pairs of diagonal stay cables. The stays were constructed from steel cables with prestressed concrete shells poured on. This article provides information on the technical condition of the viaduct and the way of strengthening the cables in the early 1990s. At that time, the author of the article visited the structure. In August 2018, the viaduct collapse occurred, and one of the structure supports collapsed. In June 2019, during the demolition process, the other two supports were destroyed. Since in Venezuela and Libya there are still two more bridges with a structure similar to that in Italy, the concept of strengthening the structure, as proposed by the author of the article 25 years ago, may still be useful.
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12

Biondi, Filippo, Pia Addabbo, Silvia Liberata Ullo, Carmine Clemente, and Danilo Orlando. "Perspectives on the Structural Health Monitoring of Bridges by Synthetic Aperture Radar." Remote Sensing 12, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 3852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12233852.

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Large infrastructures need continuous maintenance because of materials degradation due to atmospheric agents and their persistent use. This problem makes it imperative to carry out persistent monitoring of infrastructure health conditions in order to guarantee maximum safety at all times. The main issue of early warning infrastructure fault detection is that expensive in-situ distributed monitoring sensor networks have to be installed. On the contrary, the use of satellite data has made it possible to use immediate and low-cost techniques in recent years. In this regard, the potential of spaceborne Synthetic Aperture Radar for the monitoring of critical infrastructures is demonstrated in geographically extended areas, even in the presence of clouds, and in really tough weather. A complete procedure for damage early-warning detection is designed, by using micro-motion (m-m) estimation of critical sites, based on modal proprieties analysis. Particularly, m-m is processed to extract modal features such as natural frequencies and mode shapes generated by vibrations of large infrastructures. Several study cases are here considered and the “Morandi” Bridge (Polcevera Viaduct) in Genoa (Italy) is analyzed in depth highlighting abnormal vibration modes during the period before the bridge collapsed.
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13

Fernandez, Isabel, and Chiara Callerame. "EMDR intervention after a disaster: The Morandi Bridge collapse." Emergency Care Journal 15, no. 3 (December 19, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ecj.2019.8634.

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Survivors involved in natural or man-made disasters can develop a range of psychological problems including Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, other forms of psychological distress, and a poor quality of life. Therefore, the principal focus of early psychological interventions, according to World Health Organization, is to provide a rapid and effective therapeutical approach like EMDR therapy. The EMDR approach enables the assimilation and integration of the various aspects of a traumatic experience at a somatic, sensorial, cognitive, behavioral and emotional level. In this article will be presented data of 47 patients collected after the partial collapse of Morandi bridge, in Genoa, in August 2018. Survivors were treated applying the Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol (R-TEP); in order to evaluate the effect of the traumatic event and to monitor the intervention outcome, the Impact of Event Scale- Revised (IES-R) was administered to each person pre and after EMDR treatment. Results show that regardless the number of sessions and the time elapsed after the disaster in which they were performed, EMDR significantly reduced participants’ IES-R scores from pre-treatment to posttreatment. Clinical implications and limits of the study will be discussed.
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14

Wang, Erqiang, Zhao Liu, Meishuai Li, and Dongdong Zhao. "Implication of bridge resilience design and lessons from negative examples." Advances in Bridge Engineering 3, no. 1 (December 8, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s43251-022-00077-8.

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AbstractBridge resilience is a newly proposed bridge design criterion that involves robustness, redundancy and reparability targeting on the rapidity of functionality restoration after suffering extreme actions and long-term durability deterioration. It stipulates a lower probability of reaching the ultimate limit state or strength limit state, which have been only partly involved in bridge design codes around the world. In AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications and Eurocodes, there are some design principles related to bridge resilience. Yet, it is also necessary to give more requirements for structural ductility and collapse resistance when the actual load exceeds the load combination in the code. This paper focuses on the resilience-based principles for bridge design, and exposes some problematic bridge structural systems and details, such as bridges most likely to overturning, steel bridges with fracture critical members, arch bridges with suspended desk, Morandi cable-stayed bridges, poor details for seismic vulnerability, etc. Whereas overturning is one of the worst anti-resilience scenarios, the resilience design against bridge overturning is highlighted through a detailed discussion including the calculation methods of anti-overturning factor, overturning stability of curved bridges, reasonable disposition of supports, and anti-overturning countermeasures.
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15

Guano, Emanuela. "“Joy”: Murals and the Failure of Post‐politics After the Morandi Bridge Collapse." City & Society, January 15, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ciso.12442.

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16

Rapaport, Guy. "Evaluation Of Post Tensioned Bridges’ Tendon Ducts By NDT And Minor Invasive Measures." e-Journal of Nondestructive Testing 27, no. 9 (September 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.58286/27245.

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This presentation introduces the author’s accumulated long experience in applying state of the art NDT methods for post tensioned bridges’ grout injection evaluation together with minor invasive investigations for validating NDT results and for evaluation of prestressing system condition including duct’s grout injection and prestressing steel corrosion. The injection grout (cementitious based grout) has a crucial role in protecting the prestressing steel against corrosion caused by different environmental stresses. Corrosion of prestressing steel may cause dangerous fracture mechanisms such as hydrogen embrittlement and stress corrosion cracking. In addition, the injection grout has the important role of intermediating the prestressing forces from the prestressing steel to the concrete structure. Therefore, successful grout injection is critical for the correct structural functionality of a post tensioned bridge. The introduced NDT methods (ultrasound tomography and Impact-Echo), used together with invasive investigations, have already been successfully applied by the author in over 110 inspections of post tensioned bridges in the past 12 years, mostly in Finland. In situ evaluation of NDT testing results pinpoint the logical locations for invasive investigations. These include opening of tendon ducts and evaluation of the steel duct, injection grout and condition of the prestressing steel (ocular corrosion evaluation). There are thousands of aging post-tensioned bridges, frequently on critical transportation routes, built mostly in the 1960s-1970s. Occasionally the prestressing was applied in a faulty manner due to various reasons. In some cases, when stress from the environment is added to faulty construction, the consequences may be severe and possibly affect the safe usage of bridges. Faults and damages in prestressing systems are hidden from the eyes. Therefore the severity of the situation is unknown and it may result in extreme cases even in sudden collapse of bridges - as witnessed in the 2018 catastrophic collapse of the Morandi Bridge in Genoa Italy where apparently, according to publications, a post tensioned main structural part failed. Significant part of the aged post tensioned bridges have already reached renovation time. Therefore, their condition should be assessed. Bridge condition evaluation usually involves “traditional” inspection techniques which do not provide information on the internal prestressing system even though it has a crucial role in the bridge load carrying capacity. The abovementioned NDT methods combined with invasive investigations enable this critical evaluation task. In addition, those abovementioned NDT methods are suitable as quality assurance measures in newly constructed post tensioned bridges for ensuring long service life of bridges since day one.
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17

Cusumano, Niccolò, Matti Siemiatycki, and Veronica Vecchi. "The politicization of public–private partnerships following a mega-project disaster: the case of the Morandi Bridge Collapse." Journal of Economic Policy Reform, May 13, 2020, 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17487870.2020.1760101.

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