Relevant bibliographies by topics / Morbidite et mortalite

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Morbidite et mortalite'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Morbidite et mortalite"

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Bourdarias, B., J. L. C.A.dusseau, F. Forestier, and G. Janvier. "R290 Mortalite (MT) et morbidite (MB) en chirurgie cardiaque (CC)." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 17, no. 8 (January 1998): 957. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(98)80409-7.

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Bagny, A., O. Bouglouga, LM Lawson-Ananissoh, YR El Hadji, LY Kaaga, and D. Redah. "Morbidite Et Mortalite Dans Un Service D’hepato- Gastroenterologie En Milieu Tropical." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 12, no. 30 (October 31, 2016): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2016.v12n30p200.

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Aims: This study aims at studying the key parameters of our patients such as morbidity and mortality. Knowing these parameters will enable to objectively assess the epidemiological profile of the patients, the terms of their care taking as well as the efficiency and the profitability of our service. Method: This is a descriptive retrospective study over a year (from January 1st to December 31st, 2015). We included in the study patients of both sexes hospitalized and examined in the unit. Results: The hospitalization rate was 33.5 %. It was about 564 men (57.3 %) and 420 women (42.7 %) accounting for a sex ratio of 1.3. The patients’ average age was 48.1 years old (extremes: 22-80 years old). Chronic liver diseases were the first main cause of hospitalization with 43 % of cases. We noticed 26% of cirrhosis and 17% of hepatocellular carcinoma. The average hospital stay was 6.48 ± 5.45 days with some extremes of 1 and 57 days. The Co-morbidities found were mostly hypertension (10.8 %), HIV (6.1 %), and diabetes (1.3 %). The overall mortality rate was 14.8 % and was higher in men (p = 0.006). The specific mortality was higher in cirrhotic patients (6.6 %) and those with HCC (4.7 %). The highest lethally rates were those of colon cancers (100%) and pancreas (42.8 %). Conclusion: This study has enabled us to inventory the major causes of morbidity and mortality in our department. Mortality is influenced by gender, co-morbidities and tobacco. Digestive cancers are the most lethal diseases in our department.
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Pontone, S., C. Ségala, B. Dureuil, MC Laxenaire, J. Marty, F. Neukirsch, and JM Desmonts. "Mortalite et morbidite per et postoperatoires precoces apres 3 000 pth selon le type d'anesthesie." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 16, no. 6 (September 1997): 621. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(97)86039-x.

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Kallali, A., M. Rhemimet, S. Boujida, N. Zeraidi, A. Lakhdar, and A. Baidada. "RUPTURE UTERINE SPONTANEE A PROPOS DUN CAS ET REVUE DE LA LITTERATURE." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 5 (May 31, 2021): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12816.

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La rupture uterine est un problème de sante publique dans les pays en developpement. Lorsquelle est spontanee, elle survient le plus souvent pendant le travail dans un contexte duterus cicatriciel. La rupture uterine pendant la grossesse est une situation rare. Le diagnostic nest pas toujours evident et la morbidite et la mortalite maternelle et fœtale sont encore elevees. Nous rapportons un cas de rupture uterine spontanee en dehors du travail à 30 semaines.
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Zouari, C., A. Lahrimi, N. Nathan, D. Grouille, and P. Feiss. "Morbidite et mortalite apres chirurgie de prothese totale de hanche ou de genou." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 16, no. 6 (September 1997): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(97)86036-4.

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El Hilali, Fouzia, Fatimazahra Gounain, Mohamed Karam Saoud, Nissrine Mamouni, Sanaa Errarhay, Chahrazed Bouchikhi, and Abdelaziz Banani. "SYNDROME DOGILVIE EN POST-OPERATOIRE DUNE CESARIENNE A PROPOS DUN CAS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 1004–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12543.

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Le syndrome dOgilvie est une complication postoperatoire rare qui peut survenir apres un accouchement par cesarienne.Elle se caracterise par une dilatation massive du colon sans obstacle mecanique. Une detection et une intervention precoces sont necessaires pour eviter une morbidite et/ou une mortalite graves. Nous rapportons dans notre travail un cas dun syndrome dOgilvie en post operatoire dune cesarienne pour presentation de siege avec bassin limite, avec une bonne amelioration clinique apres un traitement conservateur.
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Fulachier, V., F. Bregeon, M. P. Sicard-Desnuelle, X. Thirion, and J. P. Auffray. "Mortalite Et Morbidite De La Chirurgie Cardiaque Apres 70 Ans. Etude Des Facteurs Pronostiques." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 14 (January 1995): R161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(05)81195-5.

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Bujfière, S., Ph Mahul, R. Jospé, J. P. Favre, X. Barral, and Ch Auboyer. "Rupture d'anevrysme de l'aorte abdominale sous-renale: etude des facteurs predictifs de mortalite et de morbidite." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 16, no. 6 (September 1997): 695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(97)86188-6.

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Durand, M., D. Protar, C. Allègre, J. Duret, P. Declety, R. Hacini, P. Girardet, and D. Blin. "Comparaison de 2 scores pour la prediction de la mortalite et de la morbidite apres chirurgie cardiaque." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 16, no. 6 (September 1997): 604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(97)86006-6.

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Abouqal, R., A. A. Zeggwagh, N. Arzouk, N. M.A.dani, A. Zekraoul, and O. Kerkeb. "R176 Mortalite et morbidite liees A la pneumopathie nosocomiale associee a la ventilation du tetanos: Etude cas - temoin." Annales Françaises d'Anesthésie et de Réanimation 17, no. 8 (January 1998): 900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0750-7658(98)80295-5.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Morbidite et mortalite"

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BREGEON, FABIENNE. "Mortalite et morbidite des broncho-pneumopathies acquises en reanimation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20849.

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DEXEMPLE, VERONIQUE. "Mortalite et morbidite des splenectomies au cours des affections hematologiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20098.

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GELLY, JEAN-MARC. "Mortalite et morbidite post-operatoire precoce des laparotomies : etude de 755 cas." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20111.

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TORDJMAN, ERIC. "La cardiomyopathie hypertrophique : recherche de marqueurs de morbidite et de mortalite." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31227.

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DORNIER, LAURENT. "Mortalite et morbidite post-operatoire en chirurgie colique au centre hospitalier general de salon-de-provence." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20720.

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Chatot, Didier. "Evolution de la mortalite et de la morbidite des prematures de 32 semaines et moins d'age gestationnel admis dans le service de neonatalogie du chru de fort-de-france." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M068.

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RENAUDIER, VALERIE. "Mortalite et morbidite dans un service de medecine interne du c. H. R. De marseille." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20048.

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LECLERCQ, BAUDET ODILE. "Le role des facteurs obstetricaux dans la mortalite perinatale et dans la morbidite neonatale chez les enfants de moins de 32 semaines d'amenorrhee revolues." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M074.

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BARROIS, ERIC. "Incidence des membranes a haute permeabilite sur la morbidite et la mortalite en hemodialyse chronique." Reims, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REIMM048.

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Hernandez, Vincent. "Traumatismes thoraciques graves : épidémiologie morbidité et mortalité en réanimation traumatologique." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23014.

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Books on the topic "Morbidite et mortalite"

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Enquête mortalité, morbidité et utilisation des services EMMUS-III, Haïti 2000. Pétionville, Haïti: Institut haïtien de l'enfance ; Calverton, Maryland, USA, 2001.

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Eregani, Clément. Étude des relations entre facteurs socio-économiques et les niveaux et tendances de la morbidité et de la mortalité en R.C.A. Bangui: République Centrafricaine, Ministère de l'économie, du plan et de la coopération internationale, Département du plan, Cellule de la planification du développement social, 1991.

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Québec (Province). Comité de travail sur la mortalité et la morbidité périnatales. La mortalité et la morbidité périnatales et infantiles: Santé et qualité de vie des enfants et des parents. [Québec]: Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux, 1989.

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Système canadien de surveillance périnatale. Groupe d'étude sur la santé maternelle. Rapport spécial sur la mortalité maternelle et morbidité maternelle grave au Canada: Surveillance accrue : la voie de la prévention. [Ottawa, Ont.]: Santé Canada, 2004.

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Senegal. Ministère de la santé et de la prévention médicale. Feuille de route multisectorielle pour accélérér la réduction de la mortalité et de la morbidité maternelles et néonatales au Sénégal. [Dakar]: République du Sénégal, Ministère de la santé et de la prévention médicale, 2006.

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Anouch, Chahnazarian, Institut haïtien de l'enfance, Johns Hopkins University, and Haiti. Ministère de la santé publique et de la population., eds. Survie et santé de l'enfant en Haïti: Résultats de l'enquête Mortalité, morbidité et utilisation des services, 1987. Port-au-Prince: Editions de l'Enfance, 1989.

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Biaye, Mady. Inégalités sexuelles en matière de santé, de morbidité et de mortalité dans l'enfance dans trois pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest: Hypothèses, mesures et recherche d'explication des mécanismes. [France]: L'Harmattan, 1994.

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Sicard, Claude. Analyse des coûts socio-économiques associés à la morbidité et la mortalité d'origine sportive et recréative au Québec en 1987. [Québec]: Régie de la sécurité dans les sports du Québec, 1990.

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Piché, Jacques. Indicateurs de besoins de services en santé physique: Morbidité, mortalité et conditions socio-économiques : revue de la littérature et analyse empirique. [Québec]: Gouvernement du Québec, Ministère de la santé et des services sociaux, Direction générale de la planification et de l'évaluation, 1995.

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Carré, Jean-Réné. Mortalité et morbidité violentes dans la population des jeunes de 15 a 24 ans: Acidents de la route et suicides : des causes évitables. Paris: Documentation française, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Morbidite et mortalite"

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Bonnet, Francine. "Impact de la revue de mortalité et de morbidité sur le processus décisionnel en réanimation." In Enjeux éthiques en réanimation, 187–98. Paris: Springer Paris, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-99072-4_20.

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"Morbidité et mortalité générale." In Changements climatiques et santé. Prévenir, soigner et s'adapter, 62–78. Presses de l'Université Laval, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1g247d3.14.

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Kremp, O., and M. Roussey. "Mortalité et morbidité en France et dans le monde." In Pédiatrie, 167–72. Elsevier, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-294-71375-0.50009-x.

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Chapalamadugu, Kalyan C., Samhitha Gudla, Rakesh Kukreja, and Srinivas M. Tipparaju. "Myocardial Infarction." In Emerging Applications, Perspectives, and Discoveries in Cardiovascular Research, 139–60. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2092-4.ch008.

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Myocardial infarction (MI) is a major cardiovascular disease (CVD) and ranks among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in humans, worldwide. Despite advances in disease prevention and treatment strategies, majority of the developed and developing world's suffer higher disease burden from MI, and incur billions of dollars in healthcare costs (Murray et al., 2015). Global estimates from 2013 show that MI is the major cardiovascular disease (CVD), and that deaths due to MI accounted for nearly half of the 17 million CVD mortalities (GBD, 2013; Mortality and Causes of Death Collaborators, 2015). Within the United States, MI top's the chart of both communicable and non-communicable diseases in terms of health loss that it is estimated to have inflicted in the population (Murray, et al., 2015). It has been estimated that every 2 minutes, three Americans suffer from myocardial infarction (MI), primary cause of MI being coronary blood flow obstruction and myocardial damage. The annual estimates of MI incidence in USA are approximately three quarter million a year while almost two-thirds of these cases represent new attacks (Mozaffarian, et al., 2015). Collectively, MI continues to lead the charts for CVD incidence rates, health loss, mortalities thereby putting enormous strain on healthcare system.
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Smallman-Raynor, Matthew, and Andrew Cliff. "Mortality and Morbidity in Modern Wars, III: Displaced Populations." In War Epidemics. Oxford University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198233640.003.0015.

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As a threat to life and liberty, wars and political upheavals have served to precipitate the flight of populations since biblical times (Marrus, 1985; Zolberg et al., 1989; UNHCR, 2000). Historically, the basic mechanism of flight, sometimes across national boundaries, and with no surety of safety or asylum in the new land, has operated as a device for the carriage of infectious diseases from one geographical location to another. In Chapter 2, for example, we encountered numerous instances of wartime fugitives who spread bubonic plague, typhus fever, and other war pestilences to their local ‘host’ populations. At the same time, however, fleeing populations may be forced to enter epidemiological environments to which they are unacclimatized, with the attendant risk of exposure to diseases for which they have little or no acquired immunity. The intensive mixing of the populations in refugee camps or other makeshift forms of shelter, often with poor levels of hygiene, with little or no medical provision, and under conditions of stress and malnutrition, further add to the disease risks of displacement (Prothero, 1994; Kalipeni and Oppong, 1998; UNHCR, 2000). The epidemiological dimensions of wartime population displacement—variously manifesting in the movements of refugees, evacuees, and other persons who abandon their homes as a consequence of conflict—form the theme of the present chapter. We begin, in Section 5.2, with a brief overview of international developments in the recognition and management of war-displaced populations, the legal meaning which attaches to such classifications as refugee and internally displaced person (IDP), and theoretical frameworks that have been developed for the study of such groups. International refugees, along with certain other categories of displaced person, have fallen within the mandate of the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) since its inception in January 1951. Drawing on this source, Section 5.3 examines global trends in refugees and other UNHCR-recognized populations of concern during the latter half of the twentieth century, while Section 5.4 reviews epidemiological aspects of the associated population movements. The remainder of the chapter follows a regional-thematic structure.
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Antshel, Kevin M. "Cognitive and Behavioral Manifestations of Classical Galactosemia." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0040.

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An autosomal recessive group of disorders, galactosemia is caused by a deficiency of one of four enzymes: galactose mutarotase (GALM), galactokinase (GALK), galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT), and UDP-galactose epimerase (GALE) (Holton et al. 2001). Galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase deficiency is clearly the most prevalent of these four and is labeled classical galactosemia. All of the information provided in this chapter refers to classical galactosemia. These four enzymes metabolize galactose to glucose. Lacking one of these enzymes, galactose accumulates in individuals with galactosemia. Treatment involves a galactose-restricted diet and, with this diet, the normally high levels of galactose that are excreted in the urine return to normal (Jakobs et al. 1995). Endogenous production of galactose, however, amounting to 1 g/day in adults, has been suggested to be a major cause of the substantial disease morbidity (Schadewaldt et al. 2004). Thus, even with strict dietary elimination of galactose, the human body produces galactose endogenously. Also due to the GALT deficiency, galactose-1-phosphate cannot be further metabolized and begins to accumulate in red blood cells and other cells and tissues. Unlike the normalization of urinary galactose excretion, galactose-1-phosphate concentrations remain elevated even with dietary treatment relative to healthy comparison subjects (Holton et al. 2001). In addition, if untreated, significantly elevated concentrations of galactitol are detected in plasma, as well as in urine in individuals with galactosemia. With treatment, plasma galactitol and the urinary excretion of galactitol decrease, yet still remain above the upper limit of normal (Jakobs et al. 1995). Thus, the pathophysiology of galactosemia is manifold and involves elevations of galactose, galactose-1-phosphate, and galactitol. Screening for galactosemia is part of newborn screening programs in all 50 states and most countries worldwide. A positive screen will be followed up with measurement of galactose-1-phosphate uridyltransferase activity in red blood cells. If done before the fifth day of life, neonatal screening can prevent acute morbidity and mortality, yet does not change the long-term outcomes of significant disease morbidity (Schweitzer-Krantz 2003).
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Freeze, Tracy A., Leanne Skerry, Emily Kervin, Andrew Brillant, Jennifer Woodland, and Natasha Hanson. "IMPROVING THE HEALTH BEHAVIOURS OF COPD PATIENTS: IS HEALTH LITERACY THE ANSWER?" In Advances in Psychology and Psychological Trends, 268–78. inScience Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021pad24.

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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality (Vogelmeier et al., 2017). Adherence to prescribed medications and adequate medication inhalation technique (MIT) is critical for optimal management of COPD, as is the proper use of the medication delivery device.O’Conor et al. (2019) found that lower health literacy (HL) was associated with both poor medication adherenceand MIT. HL, according to the Process-Knowledge Model, consists of both processing capacity and knowledge (Chin et al., 2017). COPD most commonly occurs in older adults (Cazzola, Donner, & Hanania, 2007). Older adults tend to have lower processing capacity (Chin et al., 2017). The purpose of this study was to determine if HL was associated with medication refill adherence (MRA)and/or MIT. Fifty-seven participants completed a questionnaire package that included demographic questions, measures of HL, and assessments of MRA and MIT. A subset of twenty patients participated in qualitative interviews. Results indicated that lower HL was associated with both lower MRA and poor MIT, and qualitative findings revealed the need for further information. Future research should focus on testing educational materials that have been designed and/or reformatted to meet the lower processing capacity of older adults.
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Becker, Richard C., and Frederick A. Spencer. "Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis." In Fibrinolytic and Antithrombotic Therapy. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195155648.003.0030.

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Venous thromboembolism represents a true worldwide medical problem that is encountered within all realms of practice. Venous thromboembolism (VTE) occurs in approximately 100 patients per 100,000 population yearly in the United States and increases exponentially with each decade of life (White, 2003). Approximately one-third of patients with symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) experience a pulmonary embolism (PE). Death occurs within 1 month in 6% of patients with DVT and 12% of those with PE. Early mortality is associated strongly with presentation as PE, advanced age, malignancy, and underlying cardiovascular disease. An experience dating back several decades has provided a better understanding of disease states and conditions associated with VTE (Anderson and Spencer, 2003). Given the potential morbidity and mortality associated with VTE, it is apparent that prophylaxis represents an important goal in clinical practice. A variety of anticoagulants including unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH), and warfarin have been studied. More recently, two new agents have been developed that warrant discussion. Fondaparinux underwent a worldwide development program in orthopedic surgery for the prophylaxis of VTE. The program consisted mainly of four large, randomized, double-blind phase II studies comparing fondaparinux (SC), at a dose of 2.5 mg starting 6 hours postoperatively, with the two enoxaparin regimens approved for VTE prophylaxis—40 mg qd or 30 mg twice daily beginning 12 hours postoperatively. The results support a greater protective effect with fondaparinux, yielding a 55.2% relative risk reduction of VTE (Bauer et al., 2001; Eriksson et al., 2001; Lassen et al., 2002; Turpie et al., 2001, 2002; ). A European program of three large-scale clinical trials (MElagatran for THRombin inhibition in Orthopedic surgery [METHRO] I, II, and III, and EXpanded PRophylaxis Evaluation Surgery Study [EXPRESS]) (Eriksson et al., 2002a, b, 2003a, b) evaluated the safety and efficacy of subcutaneous melagatran followed by oral ximelagatran compared with LMWH for thromboprophylaxis following total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) surgery.
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Hayes, Nicky, and Julie Whitney. "Managing Mobility." In Adult Nursing Practice. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199697410.003.0034.

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This chapter addresses the fundamental nursing role in the management of mobility. Every nurse should possess the knowledge and skills to assess mobility needs, to select and implement evidence-based strategies to maintain mobility or assist mobility, and to review the effectiveness of these to inform any necessary changes in care. Mobility is the ability to move around independently. The most readily recognizable component of mobility is locomotion—the ability to walk. It includes transition from one position to another, which is necessary to allow walking to be incorporated into functional activities. Examples of transitions are moving from sitting to standing and from standing to lying down. Virtually all bodily systems are required for safe and effective mobility. Maintaining higher levels of physical activity has been associated with reduced mortality and morbidity from many common diseases (Gregg et al., 2003). People with higher levels of physical activity are less likely to suffer or die from cardiovascular disease (Kesaniemi et al., 2001), have reduced risk of all types of stroke (Wendel-Vos et al., 2004a; 2004b), gain less weight, are less likely to develop type 2 diabetes, breast or colon cancer, osteoarthritis, osteoporosis, falls, and depression (Kesaniemi et al., 2001; Thune and Furberg, 2001). Beneficial effects on cognition have also been documented, the most physically active having 20% lower risk of cognitive decline (Weuve et al., 2004; Yaffe et al., 2001). Maintaining good physical activity levels is associated with generalized well-being, and improved physical function, ability to perform activities of daily living, and walking distance. An active person is less likely to be disabled and is more likely to be independent. There is a lower incidence of depression in people who remain active, and physical activity is known to reduce the symptoms of clinical depression (Kesaniemi et al., 2001). For these reasons, it is important for nurses to promote the benefits of appropriate physical activity as part of their health promotion role. The American College of Sports Medicine and the American Heart Association recommends levels of physical activity required to maintain good health (Box 23.1).
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Cohen, Mary Ann, and Harold W. Goforth. "Strategies for Primary and Secondary Prevention of HIV Transmission." In Handbook of AIDS Psychiatry. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195372571.003.0009.

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Since HIV disease was first recognized three decades ago, numerous efforts have been made to prevent its continued transmission. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) estimates that more than 56,000 Americans become infected each year—one person every 9 1/2 minutes—and that more than one million people in this country are now living with HIV (CDC, 2008, 2009;Hall et al., 2008). The CDC estimates that roughly 1 in 5 people infected with HIV in the United States is unaware of his or her infection and may be unknowingly transmitting the virus to others (CDC, 2008). Over the past 15 years, many behavioral HIV risk reduction interventions have been developed, with prevention efforts targeting mostly HIV-negative individuals and focusing almost exclusively on HIV testing and counseling. More recently, comprehensive HIV prevention has involved both primary and secondary prevention activities to decrease the number of new HIV infections and associated complications, respectively (Marks et al., 2006; O’Leary and Wolitski, 2009). Psychiatric factors both complicate and perpetuate the HIV pandemic as a result of unsafe sexual practices and substance use disorders. In this chapter, we describe some of the psychiatric and psychodynamic factors that lead to HIV transmission and present novel strategies to assist clinicians and health-care policymakers in prevention efforts. Primary prevention is defined as any activity that reduces the burden of morbidity or mortality from disease; it is to be distinguished from secondary prevention, in which activities are designed to prevent the complications of already existing disease. In the case of HIV, primary prevention efforts focus on strategies designed to prevent the transmission of HIV—keeping seronegative people seronegative. In the HIV pandemic, however, many prevention strategies share characteristics of both primary and secondary efforts, so the distinction is somewhat artificial. Multiple prevention strategies have been devised, and these center around HIV counseling, substance abuse programs, and HIV prevention and intervention programs for children. Counseling healthy pregnant women, uninfected children, adolescents, adults, and older persons about HIV risk reduction and providing information about sexual health are important components to primary prevention strategies, but few physicians and other clinicians actually do this unless it is a part of a program specifically designed to prevent HIV transmission.
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Conference papers on the topic "Morbidite et mortalite"

1

Mohammadi, Hossein, Raymond Cartier, and Rosaire Mongrain. "Development of a 1D Model for Assessing the Aortic Root Pressure Drop With Viscosity and Compliance." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14749.

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Aging and some pathologies such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulimenia cause some geometrical and mechanical changes in the aortic valve microstructure. Cupsal thickening and lost of extensibility (increasing stiffness) are the consequences of these changes in the aortic valve which have a negative impact on the function of the valve [1]. The most frequent form of diseases of the aortic valve is the calcific aortic stenosis which is responsible for 80% of the North American deaths due to valvular heart diseases [2]. In this pathology, calcified nodules on the valve leaflets occur which lead to the thickening and stiffening of the leaflets and restricting the natural motion of the valve which presents an increased resistance to forward blood flow during the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle. To reduce the mortality and morbidity from the aortic stenosis, clinical management and proper diagnosis are essential [3]. Tranvalvular pressure gradient (TPG) and the effective orifice area (EOA), the minimum cross sectional area of the blood flow across the stenosis, are the most commonly used indices for assessing the aortic stenosis [4]. Numerous studies have been done to relate the TPG across the stenosis to the blood flow rate and EOA. Gorlin (1951) was the first to establish a relationship between TPG and EOA [5]. Several studies have reported deviations in valve area calculation by using Gorlin formula. This formula was derived based on some assumptions such as rigid circular orifice, non viscous and steady flow, while valvular orifices are compliant and the flow through them is viscous and pulsatile [6]. Several corrections have been proposed. However, even with these improved formula, significant deviations are still reported [7]. Calark (1978), Bermejo et al (2002) and Garcia et al (2006), by presenting a theoretical model, tried to express TPG in terms of the blood flow rate and EOA [8–10]. None of these studies considered the effect of the aortic root compliance on TPG. Nobari et al reported that the stiffening of the aorta changes the pressure drop and affects the leaflets motion [11]. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a 1D model for assessing the aortic pressure drop for the transient viscous blood flow across the aortic stenosis, by taking into account the vessel wall compliance. The derived TPG will be expressed in terms of the surrogate variables which are anatomical and hemodynamic data meaningful and accessible for physicians.
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2

Alamdari, Nasim, Nicholas MacKinnon, Fartash Vasefi, Reza Fazel-Rezai, Minhal Alhashim, Alireza Akhbardeh, Daniel L. Farkas, and Kouhyar Tavakolian. "Effect of Lesion Segmentation in Melanoma Diagnosis for a Mobile Health Application." In 2017 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2017-3522.

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In 2016, more than 76,380 new melanoma cases were diagnosed and 10,130 people were expected to die from skin cancer in the United States (one death per hour) [1]. A recent study demonstrates that the economic burden of skin cancer treatment is substantial and, in the United States, the cost was increased from $3.6 billion in 2002–2006 to $8.1 billion in 2007–2011 [2]. Monitoring moderate and high-risk patients and identifying melanoma in the earliest stage of disease should save lives and greatly diminish the cost of treatment. In this project, we are focused on detection and monitoring of new potential melanoma sites with medium/high risk patients. We believe those patients have a serious need and they need to be motivated to be engaged in their treatment plan. High-risk patients are more likely to be engaged with their skin health and their health care providers (physicians). Considering the high morbidity and mortality of melanoma, these patients are motivated to spend money on low-cost mobile device technology, either from their own pocket or through their health care provider if it helps reduce their risk with early detection and treatment. We believe that there is a role for mobile device imaging tools in the management of melanoma risk, if they are based on clinically validated technology that supports the existing needs of patients and the health care system. In a study issued in the British Journal of Dermatology [2] of 39 melanoma apps [2], five requested to do risk assessment, while nine mentioned images for expert review. The rest fell into the documentation and education categories. This seems like to be reliable with other dermatology apps available on the market. In a study at University of Pittsburgh [3], Ferris et al. established 4 apps with 188 clinically validated skin lesions images. From images, 60 of them were melanomas. Three of four apps tested misclassified +30% of melanomas as benign. The fourth app was more accurate and it depended on dermatologist interpretation. These results raise questions about proper use of smartphones in diagnosis and treatment of the patients and how dermatologists can effectively involve with these tools. In this study, we used a MATLAB (The MathWorks Inc., Natick, MA) based image processing algorithm that uses an RGB color dermoscopy image as an input and classifies malignant melanoma versus benign lesions based on prior training data using the AdaBoost classifier [5]. We compared the classifier accuracy when lesion boundaries are detected using supervised and unsupervised segmentation. We have found that improving the lesion boundary detection accuracy provides significant improvement on melanoma classification outcome in the patient data.
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