Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Morbidite et mortalite'
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BREGEON, FABIENNE. "Mortalite et morbidite des broncho-pneumopathies acquises en reanimation." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20849.
Full textDEXEMPLE, VERONIQUE. "Mortalite et morbidite des splenectomies au cours des affections hematologiques." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20098.
Full textGELLY, JEAN-MARC. "Mortalite et morbidite post-operatoire precoce des laparotomies : etude de 755 cas." Aix-Marseille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992AIX20111.
Full textTORDJMAN, ERIC. "La cardiomyopathie hypertrophique : recherche de marqueurs de morbidite et de mortalite." Toulouse 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989TOU31227.
Full textDORNIER, LAURENT. "Mortalite et morbidite post-operatoire en chirurgie colique au centre hospitalier general de salon-de-provence." Aix-Marseille 2, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX20720.
Full textChatot, Didier. "Evolution de la mortalite et de la morbidite des prematures de 32 semaines et moins d'age gestationnel admis dans le service de neonatalogie du chru de fort-de-france." Rennes 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992REN1M068.
Full textRENAUDIER, VALERIE. "Mortalite et morbidite dans un service de medecine interne du c. H. R. De marseille." Aix-Marseille 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AIX20048.
Full textLECLERCQ, BAUDET ODILE. "Le role des facteurs obstetricaux dans la mortalite perinatale et dans la morbidite neonatale chez les enfants de moins de 32 semaines d'amenorrhee revolues." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO1M074.
Full textBARROIS, ERIC. "Incidence des membranes a haute permeabilite sur la morbidite et la mortalite en hemodialyse chronique." Reims, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991REIMM048.
Full textHernandez, Vincent. "Traumatismes thoraciques graves : épidémiologie morbidité et mortalité en réanimation traumatologique." Bordeaux 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR23014.
Full textJost, Jean-Louis. "Contribution à l'étude de la morbidité des mineurs de la potasse (à propos de 545 dossiers médicaux de la SSM du Haut-Rhin) et de la mortalité des mineurs de la potasse (à propos de 168 diagnostics de décès de mineurs affiliés à la SSM du Haut-Rhin)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR1M178.
Full textMetral, Pierre. "Approche epidemiologique de la perinatalite en saone-et-loire : a partir des certificats de sante du 8eme jour." Besançon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991BESA3070.
Full textGirodon, François. "Effets d'une supplementation en vitamines et/ou en mineraux antioxydants sur l'immunite, la morbidite infectieuse et la mortalite chez le sujet age en institution. Relations avec le metabolisme oxydatif." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA077222.
Full textBernard, Jean-Christophe. "Analyse de la morbidité infectieuse et de la mortalité chez l'adulte après splénectomie en réanimation traumatologique." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23086.
Full textMontelatici, Isabelle. "Morbidite et mortalite du prelevement de l'artere mammaire interne dans le pontage coronarien : a propos de 2110 cas operes de 1972 a 1989 dans le service de chirurgie cardio-vasculaire du chu de nancy." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN11272.
Full textZahar, Jean-Ralph. "Epidémiologie et conséquences des infections nosocomiales en réanimation : Impact et conséquences de la résistance bactérienne en réanimation." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENS004/document.
Full textNosocomial infections with multidrug-resistant bacteria are increasing in ICU. They have major individual and collective consequences. Mortality in the ICU and prolongation of length of stay are the two main individual consequences known to date. Several confounding factors make it difficult to interpret studies, including the patient's underlying condition, the virulence of bacteria and the adequacy of therapy. It is essential to measure the share of each of these factors and to clarify their respective responsibilities to mobilize the different actors and improve the prognosis of patients in intensive care. In this thesis, and drawing upon a database including ICU patients, we used the latest statistical methods and tried to take into account the various confounding factors to evaluate the individual consequences of multidrug-resistant bacteria in ICU. We sought to address three specific questions: mortality linked to specific bacterial species, factors associated with mortality in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock in intensive care unit, and the consequences of the isolation of patients infected or colonized with multidrug-resistant bacteria. We demonstrated that (1) because they are associated with a longer stay in intensive care unit, Clostridium difficile infections increase the pressure of colonization although they have no direct consequence on mortality; (2) the prognosis of sever sepsis or septic shock depends on the adequacy of the antibiotic therapy and that resistant bacteria are often inadequately treated; and (3) that isolation is not only associated with an expected increase in the risk of nosocomial pneumonia with multi-drug resistant pathogens strains but also with an increase in non-infectious adverse events
Kiragu, Ann. "La mortalité maternelle au Kenya : mesures et déterminants." Thesis, Paris 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA010656.
Full textIn nearly the last three decades, an increased interest in maternal mortality has been taken by both researchers and the international community. Strategies and targets to reduce maternal mortality have been set during various International Conferences (The Safe Motherhood Conference in Nairobi in 1987, the International Conference on population in Cairo in 1994, and most importantly, the Millennium Summit in New York in the year 2000). While some developing countries have managed to meet the targets set, persistently high risks of maternal mortality remain one of the greatest health challenges that Kenya continue to face. Like in most sub-Saharan Africa countries, in Kenya, vital registration of births and deaths, that could reliably and continuously elicit information on maternal deaths, is usually incomplete. DHS sibling history data is the major source of information for both adult and maternal mortality. Using this data, this dissertation seeks to explain the persistently high levels of maternal mortality in Kenya between 1986 and 2008. A hospital based study is used to measure obstetric morbidities. This dissertation combines both classic demographic methods and generalized linear models to study levels and trends of maternal mortality, analyze obstetric morbidities and individual determinants of maternal mortality and morbidity. The Kenyan health system is considered as a contextual determinant of maternal mortality and morbidity in terms of availability, accessibility and quality of maternal health services. We find that the persistently high levels of maternal mortality are extremely related to the healthcare system, women’s reproductive and maternal healthcare seeking behavior, and that women’s’ behavior is highly linked to their socio cultural environment
Leblond, Agnès. "Étude de mortalité et de morbidité chez les équidés en France : approches d'épidémiologie descriptive et étiologique." Lyon 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LYO1T063.
Full textJavaud, Nicolas. "Angioedème bradykinique et médecine d'urgence : vers une optimisation des stratégies de prise en charge." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCD098.
Full textWe aimed to optimize the bradykinin-mediated angioedema management in the emergency setting to lead to a reduction in morbi-mortality and socio-economic coasts accompanying this disease. Our work made it possible to show that upper airway attack were associated with intensive care unit admission. Swelling of the larynx or tongue is significantly more frequent in drug-induced AE than the hereditary form, whereas attacks of abdominal pain are more common in patients with hereditary angioedema. Home icatibant self-injection helps avoid hospital admission in hereditary angioedema. We showed also that attacks of laryngeal edema and the progression of the edema were risk factors associated with hospital admission from the emergency department in ACEI-AAE. Finally, our work could propose a new strategy in bradykinin-mediated angioedema patients with the use of a call center during their attacks. The set of factors identified in this work must be taken into account to improve emergency physicians’ practices during emergency care of bradykinin-mediated angioedema patients
Diguisto, Caroline. "Prise en charge anténatale et conséquences néonatales chez les enfants nés extrêmes prématurés en France Providing active antenatal care depends on the place of birth for extremely preterm births: the EPIPAGE 2 cohort study Neonatal outcomes in extremely preterm newborns admitted to intensive care after no active antenatal management: a population-based cohort study." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019USPCB001.
Full textSurvival rates of extremely preterm neonates, infants born between 22 and 26 Weeks of Gestation (WG), are lower in France than in England, Sweden, the United States or Japan. This may be related to differences in the management of extreme preterm births and in particular to differences in antenatal practices. In the case of preterm births, obstetricians are the first to meet the mothers-to-be. They decide whether or not to implement antenatal measures to improve outcomes of these unborn children: corticosteroids, caesarean sections or magnesium sulphate for neuroprotective purposes. The provision of optimal antenatal care is key to the management and survival of extremely preterm births and obstetrical teams thus play a major role. Factors associated with active antenatal care have never been studied. The first objective of our work was to identify, for extreme preterm births in France, individual or organisational determinants associated with active antenatal care. Gestational age is a well-known decision-making factor, but care could also depend on individual factors related to women or their pregnancy, practitioners or maternity units. Some extremely preterm neonates are born without having received active antenatal care. For newborns who have not received such treatment, the risk of peripartum and delivery room death is high. However some extremely preterm neonates for whom active antenatal was either voluntarily withheld or not provided because of insufficient time are resuscitated and admitted to a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU). Neonatal outcomes for these children raise medical and ethical difficulties and are poorly known. Our second objective was to study neonatal outcomes of extremely preterm neonates admitted to NICU without prior active antenatal care. Data from the EPIPAGE 2 cohort were used to answer these questions. We have shown that antenatal management for extreme preterm births varies widely between regions with regional active antenatal care rates ranging from 22% (95% CI 0.05-0.38) to 61% (95% CI 0.44-0.78). Active antenatal care was more frequent for births occurring at 25 and 26 WG than for births occurring at 24 WG. Even after adjusting for individual and organisational characteristics, active antenatal care rates varied by maternity unit of birth (p = 0.03). We also underlined that children admitted to NICU without having received active antenatal care have an increased risk of neonatal morbidity and mortality compared to children who have (crude OR of 2.60, (95% CI 1.44-4.66), adjusted OR of 1.86, (95% CI 1.09-3.20)). Differences in antenatal management between maternity units raise the issue of equality of care, especially since these practices have an impact on neonatal outcomes. These findings have led French teams to reassess the decision-making process around extreme preterm births and to the elaboration of guidelines for the management of extreme preterm births
Braud, Guillaume Bouchot Olivier. "Cystectomie totale pour cancer de vessie mortalité, morbidité et résultats carcinologiques /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://theses.univ-nantes.fr/thesemed/SPEbraud.pdf.
Full textAbrouk, Samira. "Incidence et facteurs de risque de la mortalité et de la morbidité périnatales dans la wilaya d'Alger." Montpellier 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON1T004.
Full textMirabel, Mariana. "Cardiopathie rhumatismale : prévalence, méthodes diagnostiques, morbidité et mortalité attribuables en Nouvelle Calédonie." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066025/document.
Full textRheumatic heart disease (RHD) remains the leading acquired heart disease in the young worldwide. The advent of echocardiography as a screening tool has raised new questions in the field. This thesis incorporated three studies to explore critical questions regarding the burden of asymptomatic and symptomatic RHD in New Caledonia (2011-2013): Retrospective population-based cohort study assessing the first nationwide echo-screening campaign targeting all children in 4th grade (2008-2011). Methods derived from research may not be applicable as a healthcare policy given the lack of completeness (~25%). Outcomes of children with asymptomatic RHD detected by echocardiography are benign although the majority of valve lesions persist with little clinical implications. RHD being a dynamic condition, 13% of children at high risk of RHD with normal baseline echocardiograms may present with mild echocardiographic lesions at 2 years follow-up. Prospective population-based study assessing sensitivity and specificity to detect asymptomatic RHD of a focused cardiac ultrasound (FCU) compared to echocardiography. FCU includes nurses after a short training scheme using pocket-echocardiographic machines and simplified criteria. Sensitivity and specificity for RHD detection was of ~80% and performed better (sensitivity ~90%) when restricted to definite RHD in which case treatment is recommended. Retrospective hospital-based cohort of patients admitted with symptomatic RHD. RHD remains prevalent and incident. Diagnosis if often made at an advanced stage (~25%). In patients with uncomplicated RHD, the survival rate was ~96% at 8 years with however an annual incidence of 59.05‰ (95% CI 44.35-73.75) major cardiovascular events. The severity of RHD at diagnosis (moderate vs. mild HR 3.39 (0.95 – 12.12); severe vs. mild RHD HR 10.81 (3.11 – 37.62), p<0.001), and ongoing secondary prophylaxis at follow-up (HR 0.27 (0.12-0.63), p=0.01) were the two most influential factors associated with major cardiovascular events
Bendixsen, Owen. "The Rise of Clostridium difficile in Florida." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002026.
Full textBonnet, Marie-Pierre. "Hémorragie du postpartum : profil épidémiologique et évaluation des pratiques d'anesthésie-réanimation en France." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066009/document.
Full textIn France, the maternal mortality ratio due to postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is higher than in other high resources countries. This situation remains partially unexplained. The objectives of this PhD thesis were: 1/ to compare PPH epidemiological characteristics between France and Canada, 2/ to describe anesthesia and intensive care practices in PPH and to compare them with guidelines, first in cases of maternal deaths from PPH and secondly in a large population of women with PPH. The data sources were: the Discharge Abstract Database from the Canadian Institute for Health Information, the Pithagore6 trial and the French Confidential Enquiry into Maternal Deaths. The comparison of PPH epidemiological profiles between France and Canada shows that PPH incidence is not higher in France. Second-line treatments in PPH management are more frequently performed, suggesting a higher incidence of severe PPH in France. Among maternal deaths from PPH, some practices in anesthesia and critical care management appear to be inadequate: clinical monitoring and laboratory assessment, protocol for general anesthesia and transfusion strategy. The description on transfusion practices in a large population of women with PPH shows that the use of blood products is not sufficient. Conversely, transfusion strategies with unproved efficacy are frequently used. These results suggest a higher rate of severe PPH in France, that may result in the higher maternal mortality due to PPH. Inadequate practices in anesthesia and critical care could be involved in this severity. But the association between specific components of anesthesia and critical care management and PPH severity remains to be explored
Proust, François. "Intérêt du doppler transcrânien et évaluation de la morbidité et mortalité postopératoire des anévrismes intracrâniens." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUE06NR.
Full textBouyer, Claire Caroit-Cambazard Yolande. "Mortalité maternelle et morbidité maternelle grave étude rétrospective au CHU de Nantes du 1 juin 2003 au 31 mai 2008 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2009. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=59761.
Full textSeck, Mame Alassane. "L'analyse des disparités et distorsions des taux de mortalité et de morbidité dans le Tiers Monde." Lyon 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO33009.
Full textBiaye, Mady. "Inégalités sexuelles en matière de santé, de morbidité et de mortalité dans l'enfance dans trois pays de l'Afrique de l'Ouest : hypothèses, mesures et recherche d'explication des mécanismes /." [Paris] (L'Harmattan) ; Louvain-la-Neuve : Academia, 1994. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37162305s.
Full textMunier, Aline. "Impact de la chloroquinorésistance sur la morbidité et la mortalité attribuables au paludisme dans la zone rurale de Niakhar au Sénégal (1922-2004)." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066522.
Full textLapostolet-Aubert, Isabelle Monin Pierre. "Le syndrome du bébé secoué à propos de 15 cas /." [S.l] : [s.n], 2003. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2003_LAPOSTOLET_AUBERT_ISABELLE.pdf.
Full textPaugam-Burtz, Catherine. "Etude des facteurs pronostiques de morbi-mortalité en chirurgie hépato-biliaire et transplantation hépatique." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066093.
Full textCastex, Dominique. "Mortalité, morbidité et gestion de l'espace funéraire au cours du Haut Moyen-Age : contribution spécifique de l'anthropologie biologique." Bordeaux 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR11097.
Full textDibwe, Dia Mwembu. "Industrialisation et santé : la transformation de la morbidité et de la mortalité à l'Union minière du Haut-Katanga, 1910-1970." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17613.
Full textBrisot, Dominique. "Artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs : influence de l'étendue des lésions sur la morbidité et la mortalité d'origine cardiovasculaires." Montpellier 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993MON11185.
Full textVandergheynst, Frederic. "Contribution à la description phénotypique du syndrôme d'antidiurese inappropriée nephrogénique et à l'étude de la morbidité: Mortalité de l'hyponatrémie." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/232473.
Full textDoctorat en Sciences médicales (Médecine)
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El, Ayoubi Mayass. "Le retard de croissance intra-utérin et la grande prématurité : impact sur la mortalité et les morbidités à court et à moyen terme." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCB139/document.
Full textBackground: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) refers to the inability of the fetus to achieve its genetically determined growth potential due to various causes. Most often, it is defined by a birth weight less than the 10th percentile for gestational age using neonatal growth curves. This thesis aims to answer unresolved questions about the definition and consequences of IUGR in the context of very preterm birth: (1) what is the best definition of IUGR for identifying children at risk? (2) What are the risks of mortality and neonatal respiratory and neurological morbidity associated with IUGR and are there interactions with the underlying pregnancy complications responsible for the very preterm birth? (3) What is the impact of IUGR on neurodevelopmental at 2 years, especially for children born extremely preterm ? Methods: We used two data sources. The MOSAIC study (Models for Organising Access to Intensive Care for Very Preterm Babies in Europe) is a European population-based study that included all births occurring between 22 and 31 weeks of gestation in 2003 in ten European regions. The children were followed until hospital discharge (study population = 4525 infants). The second source is a cohort of children born before 27 weeks of GA who were hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit at the Port Royal Hospital from 1999 to 2008 and had a pediatric examination and Brunet-Lézine (BL) neurodevelopmental assessment at 2 years of corrected age (445 children in the cohort, 268children followed at 2 years). The BL assessment includes four areas of child development: gross motor, fine motor, language and social interaction skills. Results: In both populations, the risk of death and bronchopulmonary dysplasia were higher for children with a birth weight <10th percentile of neonatal growth curves but also for children with a higher birth weight (between the 10th and the 24th percentile of neonatal growth curves or <10th percentile of fetal growth curves). In contrast, there was no link between neurological complications and low birth weight and no interactions with pregnancy complications. IUGR was associated with neurocognitive delay among extremely preterm children evaluated at two years of corrected age, especially for fine motor and social interaction skills, but not for language and gross motor skills. We did not find any association between IUGR and the risk of cerebral palsy at two years of corrected age. Conclusions: The use of the 10th percentile of neonatal growth curves is not suitable for identifying the impact of IUGR in very preterm infants; using higher thresholds or fetal growth curves is necessary. IUGR increased the risks of mortality and bronchopulmonary dysplasia, but was not associated with severe brain damage; these associations are observed in multiple clinical contexts (vascular and infectious pregnancy complications, and births at very early gestational ages). IUGR is a risk factor for poor medium-term neuro-development. Our results raise new questions about the appropriate surveillance for children with IUGR after discharge from the hospital and also about possible biological mechanisms that could explain the relationship between IUGR and respiratory morbidity and neurocognitive development
Banza-Nsungu, Antoine Bakwate. "Environnement urbain et santé : la morbidité diarrhéique des enfants de moins de cinq ans à Yaoundé (Cameroun)." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100105.
Full textLemaitre, Magali. "Evaluer l'immunité de population contre la grippe : observation et intervention épidémiologiques." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066205.
Full textRomefort, Bénédicte Gras-Le Guen Christèle. "L'impact du délai pré-thérapeutique sur la mortalité et la morbidité des méningites bactériennes de l'enfant étude rétrospective à Nantes de 1997 à 2005 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://castore.univ-nantes.fr/castore/GetOAIRef?idDoc=16461.
Full textMetzger, Marie-Hélène. "Infarctus du myocarde à Toulouse (France) et à Augsburg (Allemagne) : étude comparative de la mortalité, morbidité, létalité et prise en charge thérapeutique (données du registre Monica 1985-1989." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23022.
Full textZahar, Jean-ralph. "Epidémiologie et conséquences des infections nosocomiales en réanimation : Impact et conséquences de la résistance bactérienne en réanimation." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00684259.
Full textMicol, Romain. "Infections à Cryptococcus neoformans, à cytomégalovirus, au virus de l'hépatite B au sein d'une cohorte (2004-2007) de sujets cambodgiens infectés par le VIH : prévalence, morbidité et mortalité." Paris 5, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA05T018.
Full textIn order to demonstrate the practical value of early diagnosis of cryptococcosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection during HIV infection in Cambodia, a cohort of 441 Cambodian HIV-infected patients was recruited in 2004 and followed until 2007 in Phnom Penh, in the context of Médecins Sans Frontières and Médecins du Monde antiretroviral drug access programmes. Prevalences, morbidity and mortality were estimated. A high prevalence (59/327; 18. 0%; 95%CI = 13. 9%-22. 2%) of cryptococcosis was observed in patients with a CD4+ T lymphocyte count less than 200/mm3, and the clinical value of systematic screening for cryptococcal antigenemia was demonstrated, as it allows early treatment of infection (28. 8% of cases of cryptococcosis were diagnosed as a result of systematic screening for cryptococcal antigenemia). A cost-effectiveness study (costs in 2009) comparing two cryptococcosis intervention strategies in patients with CD4+ count < 100/mm3 showed that screening for cryptococcal antigenemia and treatment of positive patients presented a better cost-effectiveness ratio (Dollar 180/life year gained) than primary prophylaxis with fluconazole (compared to the absence of intervention). Furthermore, primary prophylaxis presented a reasonable cost effectiveness ratio (Dollar 511/life year gained) compared to the screening. The proportion of patients alive at one year was 71. 9% and 70. 0%, respectively, compared to 60. 7% in the absence of intervention. CMV infection (an opportunistic infection often neglected in poor countries due to the almost complete absence of diagnosis and treatment) was very frequently detected (by real-time PCR) in patients with CD4+ count < 50/mm3 (133/224; 59. 4%; 95%CI = 52. 9%-65. 8%) and was independently associated with excess mortality (highest risk of death for CMV PCR ≥ 4. 2 log10 copies/ml = 3. 6; 95%CI = 2. 0-6. 8). To investigate a pathophysiological basis for these results, HHV-6 replication was studied by quantitative PCR and protein cmvIL-10 screening was performed by quantitative ELISA for C. Neoformans (no association between HHV-6 and cryptococcal infections) and CMV infections (negative correlation between cmvIL-10 level and CD4+ count), respectively. Finally, the proportion of patients presenting active chronic hepatitis B was estimated (45/319; 14. 1%; 95%CI = 10. 3%-17. 9%) and the emergence of lamivudineresistant strains was modelled in the HIV-infected population (7. 8% in co-infected patients) and in the general population
Gabet, Stephan. "Sensibilisation allergénique au cours des huit premières années de vie, facteurs et morbidité associés dans la cohorte de naissances PARIS." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB031/document.
Full textBackground. The first years of life appear to be critical for the development of allergic sensitization. Objectives. This thesis aims: i) to describe allergic sensitization profiles in infants and children, ii) to assess the link between these sensitization profiles and allergic morbidity, and iii) to identify risk factors for allergic sensitization. Methods. This work concerns children involved in the Pollution and Asthma Risk: an Infant Study (PARIS) population-based prospective birth cohort. Allergic sensitization was assessed in 1,860 18-month-old infants and 1,007 8/9-year-old children by specific IgE measurements towards 16 and 19 allergens, respectively. Lifelong health and living condition data were collected by repeated standardized questionnaires. Sensitization profiles and morbidity profiles were identified using unsupervised classification, and related to each other by multinomial logistic regression. Finally, risk factors for early allergic sensitization were assessed by multivariate logistic regression. Results. As soon as 18 months of age, 13.8% of children were sensitized and 6.2%, multi-sensitized. When 8/9 years old, corresponding prevalence was 34.5% and 19.8%, respectively. Sensitization profiles identified in infancy (3) and in childhood (5) differed in terms of allergic morbidity. Risk factor analysis allowed to clarify the role of early exposure to allergens and microorganisms on allergic sensitization. Conclusion. This thesis improves the natural history of allergic sensitization understanding, as soon as the first years of life. This knowledge is essential for subsequent disease preventing
Ouedraogo, Mady. "Dynamique spatio-temporelle de la morbidité et mortalité liées au paludisme chez les enfants au Burkina Faso :apport de la modélisation bayésienne dans la compréhension de l’effet des mesures de contrôle." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2020. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/314449/3/Thesis.pdf.
Full textDespite progress in the fight against malaria in Burkina Faso, malaria remains the most important vector-borne disease in the country, and P. falciparum is the most widespread and deadly pathogen in the area. The factors linked to this high burden are the inaccessibility (financial and geographical) to health care, insufficient diagnoses, and inadequate/late management of malaria cases. The achievement of Sustainable Development Goal 3 in Burkina Faso is based on the successful implementation of a set of interventions for the prevention, case management, and epidemiological surveillance of malaria. The objective of reducing the case fatality rate linked to malaria to 1% by 2020 has not been reached. It is, therefore, necessary to carry out an evaluation of the effectiveness of malaria control programs (the use of long-lasting insecticidal nets, the use of Artemisinin-based combination therapy, and free health care policies), especially at the sub-national level, which will be useful for guiding decision-making at smaller geographic scales. Routinely collected clinical data on malaria can provide essential information for the assessment of inter- and intra-monthly/annual variation in the effects of malaria control interventions and the risk of malaria at the national and subnational levels among children under five. In Burkina Faso, a significant amount of data is regularly collected through the online data transmission system via the “District Health Information System 2 (DHIS2)”. However, the use of these data to assess the effects of control interventions on the spatio-temporal dynamics of malaria risk at the local (district) level remains limited in Burkina Faso. In this research, we developed spatial and spatio-temporal models implemented in a Bayesian hierarchical framework to (i) assess the effects of control interventions on the spatio-temporal dynamics of morbidity and lethality due to malaria in the period of 2013–2018 in children under 5 in Burkina Faso and (ii) detect health districts (spatio-temporal) that fail to achieve the PNLP objectives in terms of morbidity/lethality. These models use Laplace Integrated Approximation (INLA), a deterministic algorithm that provides an appropriate method for analyzing routine malaria data correlated in both space and time. We observed that the implementation of the free health care policy was significantly associated with an increase in the number of reported cases of malaria tested and confirmed compared to the period before its implementation. This effect was, however, heterogeneous in the health districts. In addition, we found that the monthly malaria case fatality rate declined during the period of 2013–2018. This reduction was significantly associated with the availability of rapid diagnostic tests for malaria and treatments. We also observed that the risk of dying from malaria in children under 5 years old was lower during the period following the implementation of this policy compared to the previous period and identified health districts with a high case fatality rate from malaria in the northern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of the country. Our results call for a sustained and strengthened effort to test all suspected cases so that, along with improving early case management, the burden of malaria in children under five can be known with precision. In addition, our results highlight the health districts in greatest need of targeted interventions, as well as the need to maintain and strengthen ongoing health programs to further reduce malaria deaths in Burkina Faso.
Doctorat en Sciences de la santé Publique
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Bonnet, Marie Pierre. "Hémorragie du postpartum : profil épidémiologique et évaluation des pratiques d'anesthésie-réanimation en France." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00978795.
Full textCaouette, Georges. "Évolution de la mortalité et de la morbidité chez les enfants prématurés de moins de 1000 grammes à la naissance traités dans les unités de soins intensifs néonatals de la région de Québec de 1986 à 1993." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape8/PQDD_0013/MQ41865.pdf.
Full textPartiot, Caroline. "Diversité biologique des enfants décédés en période périnatale et traitements funéraires au Kerma classique : Les exemples de la nécropole 8B-51 (Kerma classique, Nord Soudan) et des cimetières de Blandy-les-Tours (Xe-XIIe siècle, France) et de Provins (XIIIe-XVIIIe siècle, France)." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0252/document.
Full textDespite the high rates of child mortality in past populations, subjects deceased in perinatal period were often neglected in bioarchaeological and paleoanthropology studies. Unlike biological analysis on adults, investigations on newborns rarely include individual or populational variability comparisons as a major component. In the present work, we will focus on metrical and non-metrical diversity of subject deceased between 22 and 48 amenorrhea weeks, based on the biological study of 116 subjects from three archaeological collections (one kerma and two medieval and modern) and one current virtual collection with 364 individuals. The first research axis characterizes the intra-individual, inter-individual and populational variability, and differences by age at death in both samples. The second line of research aims to identify criteria making it possible to estimate individual morbidity and live birth on dry bones, informations that are needed to understand the child’s position in society. Biological studies reveal for the first research axis shape differences by age at death and populations, as well as the existence of directional and fluctuating asymmetries. Results provide evidences of strong biological proximity in the kerma group, potentially indicating of endogamy. On the contrary, the diversity of the medieval and modern group appears broader and could reflect socio-geographical factors or secular trends. The second line of research reveals the mechanical sensitivity of muscular insertions as a key parameter for tracking of live-born subjects. The study of the kerma collection provides the first archaeological identification of the supernumerary cervical rib, detected as a morbidity criterion in perinatal period. Lastly, crossing of biological and archaeological data on the 8B-51 necropolis provides an interpretative framework for funerary treatments dedicated to the perinatal age group in Classic Kerma
Hourcade-Potelleret, Florence. "De la dose à l'effet clinique : utilisation de la modélisation dans les différentes étapes du processus de prédiction du critère clinique : Exemple avec un nouveau médicament en prévention secondaire de la morbidité-mortalité cardiovasculaire." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979667.
Full textDiongué, Birahime. "Les niveaux et les facteurs explicatifs de la santé au Sénégal de 1960 à 1982." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986CLF10018.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is first to study the health levels of Senegalese people and secondly to analyze the factors explaining their health standard. In the first part, we used the result indicators such as morbidity rates, based on the ministry of public health data only, since they are no epidemiologic surveys. The trends analysis indicated a strong prevalence of certain diseases, such as malaria, with nevertheless important disparity between the regions. However, despite the eradication of big endemics such as plague, small pox, sleeping disease, others diseases such as malaria, tuberculosis leprosy, sexually transmissible diseases, nutritional and diarrheal diseases, measles, whooping cough, consequences of abortions and deliveries, represent the most important plagues. But the morbidity data do not correspond to the Senegalese reality: in fact, the health infrastructures are almost exclusively settled in towns and consequently, they benefit only to urban population. Moreover, the attraction of traditional medicine is not to be neglected, but it is the opposite. All the reasons led us to believe that the morbidity is not really known and consequently that the indicator can not constitute a study base of the health (or levels) in Senegal. That is why we choose the mortality, which is a incontestable evidence and a more known indicator. We analyzed in a second part the health factors and, in order to so, we used 17 health and socio-economic variables supposed to explain the levels of infant mortality (explained variables). We went on with a differential econometric analysis, at first at the national level, then with a pooling-data analysis including only 6 regions and finally with a model applied to Dakar, then to Ngayokheme. The demographic variables, the availability of the coverage of beds, as much as the schooling rate have been the main explanatory factors of health status in the regions and in Dakar the income per capita did not reveal itself as a significate variable. But, in terms of personnel in Dakar the medical and paramedical (midwives) coverage have been significate variables, when at the region level, the population per nurse indicator only prove significate