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Bwala, Richard Isa, Hyeladi Ibrahim Musa Gaya, Franca Uche Richard, and Joshua Bitrus Ndirmbula. "Evaluation of Varying Rates of Mancozeb fungicide and Some Plant Leaf Powders as Seed Treatment and their cost-benefit for the Management of Early Leaf Spot (Cercospora arachidicola Hori) Disease of Groundnut in Makurdi, Nigeria." Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 9, no. 11 (2021): 321–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sajb.2021.v09i11.001.
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Field experiment were carried out during the first and second cropping seasons (2013//2014) at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Agriculture Makurdi, Benue State of Nigeria, the effect of seed treatments with varying rates of Mancozeb fungicide, Pawpaw and Moringa leaf powders on early leaf spot incidence and ground nut yield was studied; and the cost benefit ratios calculated. The seed treatments were: Mancozeb, Moringa leaf powder and Pawpaw leaf powder while the seed treatments rates were 0.0 (control), 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0gm. Groundnut variety Benue AGR seeds were treated with the seed treatment rates replicated 3 times and arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). Results of the first season and second seasons showed that seed treatment with Mancozeb significantly gave the highest plant establishment followed by moringa leaf powder and pawpaw leaf powder respectively. In the first year, 3.0g seed treatment significantly gave the highest plant establishment while the untreated control recorded the lowest plant establishment, but was not significantly difference (P ≤ 0.05) amongst the treatment rates in the second year. In the two cropping seasons, plants grown from seed treated with mancozeb recorded the lowest incidence of early leaf spot disease followed by moringa leaf powder at 40, 47 and 54 DAS respectively. Seed treatment rate of 3.0gm gave the lowest disease incidence from 40 to 54 DAS. At 90 DAS of the first season, seed treatment with Mancozeb significantly lowered the leaf defoliation followed by Moringa leaf powder compared to Pawpaw leaf powder. Similarly, during the second season, seed treatment with Mancozeb also reduced the leaf defoliation compared to the plant powders at 70, 80 and 90 DAS respectively. Mancozeb and Moringa leaf powder gave higher grain yield compared to Pawpaw leaf powder in the first season. Increase in seed treatment rate resulted to higher percentage increment in grain and haulm ............
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Amauche, Ibiam Prince, Amadi Chiubeze, Ezeamama Liliam, Ani Grace O., and Ifegbo Arinze N. "Comparative Study of Phytochemical Properties of Some Bio-Material (African Yam Bean, Pigeon Pea, Pawpaw Leaf Powder, Moringa Seed and Pawpaw Seed)." American Journal of Environmental Economics 1, no. 1 (2022): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54536/ajee.v1i1.347.
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The study was carried out to compare the phytochemical properties of Africa yam bean, pigeon pea, moringa seed, pawpaw leaf and pawpaw seed powder and the Significance of the phytochemicals in respect to the treatment of diseases were discussed. Phytochemicals were qualitatively analyzed from the plants ethanol extracts and the practical were done in Bro. Mike researchers Lab. Umuerim Extension Umudibia Nekede and the Standard phytochemical analysis methods were adopted. Preliminary screening of the Africa yam bean, pigeon pea, moringa seed, Pawpaw leaf and pawpaw seed powder revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and in all the plants ethanol extracts. Africa yam bean contained all the phytochemicals except tannin, while there was absence of flavonoid, and Glycoside in pigeon pea. Tannins were also absent in the pawpaw seed and pawpaw seed extracts. There was also the absence of steroid and ncardiac glycosides in moringa. The quantitative analysis of the six selected phytochemicals revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean values of alkaloids and flavonoids contents of African yam bean plants. However, at Africa yam bean had the highest Alkaloids content while moringa seed had the highest flavonoids content. The Pawpaw leaf contained the highest tannins and Saponins was found highest in pawpaw leaf and pawpaw seed. Finally, the results justified the medicinal potentials of these plants in the treatment of diseases.
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Amauche, Ibiam Prince, Amadi Chiubeze, Ezeamama Liliam, Ani Grace O, and Ifegbo Arinze N. "Comparative Study of Phytochemical Properties of Some Bio-Material (African Yam Bean, Pigeon Pea, Pawpaw Leaf Powder, Moringa Seed and Pawpaw Seed)." American Journal of Environmental Economics 1, no. 1 (2022): 13–18. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajee.v1i1.347.
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The study was carried out to compare the phytochemical properties of Africa yam bean, pigeon pea, moringa seed, pawpaw leaf and pawpaw seed powder and the Significance of the phytochemicals in respect to the treatment of diseases were discussed. Phytochemicals were qualitatively analyzed from the plants ethanol extracts and the practical were done in Bro. Mike researchers Lab. Umuerim Extension Umudibia Nekede and the Standard phytochemical analysis methods were adopted. Preliminary screening of the Africa yam bean, pigeon pea, moringa seed, Pawpaw leaf and pawpaw seed powder revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids, and in all the plants ethanol extracts. Africa yam bean contained all the phytochemicals except tannin, while there was absence of flavonoid, and Glycoside in pigeon pea. Tannins were also absent in the pawpaw seed and pawpaw seed extracts. There was also the absence of steroid and ncardiac glycosides in moringa. The quantitative analysis of the six selected phytochemicals revealed that there was a significant difference in the mean values of alkaloids and flavonoids contents of African yam bean plants. However, at Africa yam bean had the highest Alkaloids content while moringa seed had the highest flavonoids content. The Pawpaw leaf contained the highest tannins and Saponins was found highest in pawpaw leaf and pawpaw seed. Finally, the results justified the medicinal potentials of these plants in the treatment of diseases.
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Adekitan, A. A., J. O. Oyewumi, V. O. Dada, B. O. Layi-Adigun, and I. Raheem. "Use of Neem Leaf, Pawpaw Seed and Moringa Seed as Natural Coagulants for Surface Water Treatment." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 27, no. 7 (2023): 1347–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v27i7.3.
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Access to save water is a serious issue affecting people of all ages for those living in remote communities where availability of improved water sources is limited; the quality of water and its treatment has become an increasing concern in developing nations like Nigeria, where proper treatment is lacking. The high cost of treated water makes most people in rural communities to employ readily available sources which are of low quality exposing them to water borne diseases. This study assessed the use of natural coagulants such as: Papaya, Sodom apple, Neem, Moringa oleifera, in the treatment of surface water. Physical, chemical and bacteriological analysis before and after treatment with each coagulants was carried out. Aluminum Sulphate was also used as a chemical coagulant. From the experiment Moringa seed was the best coagulant of all the seeds used to treat the water samples. The following parameters showed its result before and after treatment with Moringa oleifera: pH (7.6, 7.8), Total alkalinity (180, 126), Calcium hardness (156, 140), Calcium ion (62.4, 56), Magnesium hardness (14, 36), Magnesium ion (3.42, 8.78), Chloride (55, 62.8), Sulphate (50, 60), Silica (4, 2), COD (28.4, 4.13), Colour (50, 20), Turbidity (5.73, 3.98), Total solids (836, 696), Total suspended solid (642, 384), Total dissolved solid (194, 312), fell within the WHO guideline for drinking water except total hardness which is given as (170, 180). This could be as a result of high mineral content. The result obtained for the heavy metals and bacteriological analysis also showed that Moringa oleifera was the most active agent of all the coagulant used. Therefore, Moringa seed can be used conveniently as an alternative to Aluminum sulphate for the treatment of surface water for drinking purposes without causing detrimental effect on human health.
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Vizzarri, Francesco. "INNOVATIVE AND SUSTAINABLE MULTI-SERVICE MODELS TO BOOST LIVESTOCK FARMING SYSTEM." Slovak Journal of Animal Science 56, no. 3 (2023): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/sjas.847.
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The third issue of Slovak Journal of Animal Science 2023 gives to me the possibility to discuss the innovative and sustainable multi-service approach of scientific community to boost and develop, in terms of competitiveness and profitability, the livestock farming system. The challenge of managing increasing quantity of waste, particularly from agro-food industry, represents a significant cost to society and puts pressure on the natural environment. But this by-product material also represents a valuable resource, which can be exploited by embracing a more circular economy that reduces waste and allows for the continual use of resources. Today's "take-make-dispose" economic model is wasteful and unsustainable. Research institutes, enterprises, academic institutes are therefore plotting ways to reuse products or their components via the circular economy and restore more of their precious materials and energy. This practice will help to conserve environment and to protect society from the impacts of climate change. On the other hand, it has been commonly used the definition "non-conventional feed resources" that generally refer to all those feeds that have not been traditionally used for feeding livestock and are not commercially used in the production of livestock feeds. Several known examples include palm leaf meals, palm press fiber, cassava foliage, spent brewer's grains, sugar cane bagasse, rubber seed meal and some aquatic plants. Defined in this manner non-conventional feed resources (NCFR) can be looked at as covering a wide diversity of feeds and their nutrient contents. A common feature about feeds is that the traditional feeds tend to be mainly from annual crops and feeds of animal and industrial origin. In this sense, the usage of "non-conventional feed resources" could really be more appropriately referred to as "new feeds", and this term is increasingly being used. Thus the term NCFR has been frequently used to describe sources such as oil palm by-products, single-cell proteins and feed materials derived from agro-industrial by-products of plant and animal origin, poor-quality cellulosic roughages from farm residues and other agro- industrial by-products such as slaughter-house by-products and those from the processing of sugar, cereal grains, citrus fruits and vegetables from the processing of food for human consumption. However, it is sometimes difficult to draw a distinct line between traditional feeds and NCFR. In some countries what may now be classified as NCFR may in fact be conventional / traditional owing to the fact that it may have been in use as livestock feed over a long time, an example is wheat straw which is very widely used in South Asian countries, in addition, the availability of NCFR, especially of plant origin, is dependent to a large extent on the type of crops being cultivated and the prevailing degree of application of the crop technology. In the framework of applied science as tool for livestock practice, to successfully control reproduction, obtain primary genetic material, gametes, oocytes, eggs and spermatozoa in the field of reproduction, the use of various biotechnological methods has been practiced for many years. Artificial insemination of livestock has been a staple technology for producers worldwide for over sixty years. This reproductive technology has allowed for the rapid improvement of livestock genetics, most notably in dairy cattle and pigs. The primary benefit of utilizing artificial insemination is the ability to rapidly improve the genetic quality of a herd using a premier male animal's genetics without a producer having to purchase that specific male. Despite its massive contributions to livestock production, there are numerous ways in which artificial insemination can be improved. These improvements are driven by new technologies and deeper understanding of reproductive physiology. In the third Editorial article of 2023, I am going to introduce the contents of the articles collected and published in the third issue of 2023 year. Agbetuyi et al. investigated on broiler chickens to determine the dietary effect on organoleptic attributes, tibia bone growth and mineral retention feeding Moringa oleifera leaf powder and Allium sativum bulb powder. Authors recommended the safe and profitable usage in animal feed industry in the extend of 1 % of Moringa oleifera leaf powder and 0.1 % of Allium sativum bulb powder. Akinduro et al. designed a study to investigate the effect of fermented dried pawpaw seed fed at varying level of inclusion in the diets of broiler chicken at finisher stage on their general performance, carcass and organs characteristics. The result of this study showed that the use of the fermented dried pawpaw seed flour can be tolerated up to about 10 % inclusion as it gave the lowest FCR (feed conversion ratio) which could bring about high profitability, hence, encourage more people to go into Poultry business. Olanloye et al. published a study aimed at predicting and evaluating the variation in the amino acids of cassava roots from their crude protein. The results indicated that equations generated for Total Essential Amino acid (TEA) and Total Amino Acid (TAA) revealed that r2 increased as the number of variables increased. Prediction equations generated values for TEA and TAA of cassava roots were much close to the actual values obtained. Mekonnen & Berhe performed a survey to assess the efficiency and role of artificial insemination (AI) service in cattle production in the Western Zone of Tigray Region, Ethiopia. The overall conception rate at first insemination (CRFI) was also very poor and thus calving rate (CR) was poor. The approach of the artificial insemination service system should be revised and modified to improve the existing poor AI reproductive efficiency. Editorial Team looks forward to evaluating your submitted contributions and providing all necessary support to Authors in order to best serve animal science and the scientific community, with commitment to research integrity and the highest publishing ethics. Enjoy reading!
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Ojo, O. M. "Comparative Evaluation of Physicochemical Properties of Surface Water Treated by Alum and Pawpaw Seed Powder." Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management 29, no. 1 (2025): 157–62. https://doi.org/10.4314/jasem.v29i1.20.
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Surface water treatment is crucial for maintaining water quality and safeguarding public health. Traditional methods like alum treatment have been widely used, but they often come with high costs and environmental concerns. In contrast, natural alternatives such as pawpaw seed powder offer a potentially low-cost and eco-friendly solution. Hence, the objective of this paper is to comparatively evaluate the physicochemical properties of surface water treated by using alum and pawpaw seed powder using appropriate standard methods. Initial water quality parameters included turbidity of 27 NTU, pH of 7.9, total suspended solids (TSS) of 126.8 mg/L, total dissolved solids (TDS) of 267.2 mg/L, and hardness of 321 mg/L. Post-treatment with alum reduced these values to 9 NTU, pH 7.5, TSS 50 mg/L, TDS 135 mg/L, and hardness 95 mg/L. Pawpaw seed powder treatment resulted in reductions to 6 NTU, pH 7.6, TSS 60 mg/L, TDS 160 mg/L, and hardness 130 mg/L. The findings showed significant improvement in water clarity and quality for both treatments, with pawpaw seed powder demonstrating slightly superior turbidity reduction. Cost analysis revealed that alum treatment cost a total of 9000 NGN, whereas pawpaw seed powder treatment cost 5500 NGN, primarily due to lower procurement and transportation costs. The results suggest that pawpaw seed powder is a more cost-effective and sustainable alternative to alum since it was capable of achieving comparable water quality improvements.
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Pomper, Kirk W., Snake C. Jones, and LaTeasa Barnes. "Determination of Optimal Storage Temperature to Maintain Viable Pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] Seed." HortScience 35, no. 4 (2000): 557A—557. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.35.4.557a.
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Pawpaw is a native American tree fruit that has great potential as a new commercial crop. The USDA National Clonal Germplasm Repository for Asimina sp. is located at Kentucky State Univ. (KSU); therefore, germplasm collection and storage are important components of the research program. Recalcitrant seeds do not tolerate desiccation, have a relatively short period of viability, and tend not to tolerate subfreezing temperatures. Since pawpaw seed shows a moderate level of recalcitrance, the objectives of this experiment were to determine which storage temperatures (20, 5, -15, and -70 °C for 8.5 weeks) would maintain viable seed, and whether prior seed stratification (5 °C for 17.5 weeks) would influence survival at the various storage temperatures. Seeds were placed in ziplock bags in moist peat moss and subjected to the range of storage temperatures either before or after stratification. After storage and stratification treatments, seed germination rate was examined for 10 weeks at 25 °C on moist filter paper in petri dishes. Both stratification and storage temperature significantly affected seed germination rate. Seeds did not germinate after storage at subfreezing temperatures, regardless of stratification treatment. The best germination rate, ≈70%, was obtained with stratification followed by storage at 20 °C. However, for long-term storage of viable nongerminating pawpaw seed, stratification followed by storage at 5 °C would be most appropriate. Subfreezing storage temperatures were found to be lethal to pawpaw seeds.
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Athikomkulchai, Sirivan, Prakairat Tunit, Sarin Tadtong, Pensak Jantrawut, Sarana Rose Sommano, and Chuda Chittasupho. "Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Formulation Physical Stability and Chemical Constituents for Enhancing Skin Hydration and Antioxidant Activity." Cosmetics 8, no. 1 (2020): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics8010002.
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Moringa oleifera seed oil has been recognized for its benefits in relation to the skin. The objective of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of moringa seed oil, to formulate a moringa seed oil cream, and to determine the efficacy of moringa seed oil cream in vivo. The chemical components of moringa seed oil were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography. The antioxidant activity of the oil was determined by a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free-radical scavenging assay. An oil-in-water cream containing moringa seed oil was developed and characterized for antioxidant activity. The moringa seed oil cream was further subjected to the accelerated stability test of heating–cooling cycles for six cycles and stored isothermally at 4, 30, and 45 °C for 28 days. The efficacy of moringa seed oil cream was investigated in 32 participants by measuring their skin hydration, erythema, melanin values, and visco-elasticity. The results showed that moringa seed oil contained α-tocopherol, plant sterols, and fatty acids. The oil had antioxidant activity with a 50% of initial concentration (IC50) value of 121.9 mg/mL. The stability study indicated that the pH, viscosity, and rheological behavior of the cream containing moringa seed oil were not significantly changed after storage at 4, 30, and 45 °C for 28 days and six heating–cooling cycles. The moringa seed oil cream exhibited in vitro antioxidant activity and increased the in vivo skin hydration level compared with the cream base. There was no report of skin irritation from moringa seed oil cream application, suggesting that the moringa seed oil cream developed in this study was appropriate for pharmaceutical and cosmetic uses. A M. oleifera seed oil cream was successfully developed. The moringa seed oil cream possessed antioxidant activity, enhanced the skin hydration level, and reduced skin erythema, but did not affect the melanin content and skin visco-elasticity. The moringa seed oil cream did not induce skin irritation and, thus, was safe to use.
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Dic-Ijiewere, EO, HB Osadolor, JK Bankole, N. Bini, and IC Idehen. "Protective Effects Of Vitis vinifera And Carica papaya Seed Extracts On Diclofenac-Alcohol Combination Induced Kidney Damage In Albino Rats." Recent Advances in Biology and Medicine 10, no. 1 (2023): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18639/rabm.2024.9800039.
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Diclofenac is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug commonly used in the treatment of pain and inflammatory conditions in the tropics. Its easy accessibility without prescription has made it a commonly abused medication. The abuse has recently become worrisome as young adults in Nigeria have been observed to concomitantly use diclofenac and alcohol for non-medical purpose. This study was undertaken to study the nephrotoxic effect associated with the combine use of alcohol and diclofenac using animal model, and the protective effect of Vitis vinifera (Grape) seed and Carica papaya (pawpaw) seed. Adult albino rats were divided randomly into groups of six rats each, and each group treated for 90 days with 5% or 45% alcohol with 2mg/kg diclofenac or 10mg/kg diclofenac, and some rats treated with grape seed and/or pawpaw seed concomitantly. Diclofenac and 45% alcohol combination induced nephrotoxicity in rats and oxidative stress characterised by elevated serum urea and creatinine, increased malondialdehyde and decrease in reduced glutathione, catalase and superoxide dismutase in kidney homogenate, as well as moderate interstitial congestion and haemorrhage in rat kidney histology section stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin, which was significantly ameliorated by the grape seed and pawpaw seed. There was a 1.32% increase in relative kidney weight in comparison with control rats. The severity of the nephrotoxicity observed with diclofenac-alcohol combination makes it a very unsafe practice. There is need to explore the nephroprotective benefits of Vitis vinifera seed and Carica papaya seed for maximum benefit to man.
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Muhd, IU, J. Kang’ombe, and AM Orire. "Impact of processing methods on chemical and phytochemicals of Moringa oleifera seed kernel meal." African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development 25, no. 04 (2025): 26316–28. https://doi.org/10.18697/ajfand.141.24990.
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The high cost of protein sources in the fish feed industry is a challenge to tackle, and this leads to a study of alternative non-conventional plant protein sources (Moringa oleifera seed kernels meals) MSKM. The moringa seed kernel was treated using four methods namely: ethanol soaking, boiling, toasting, autoclaving, and raw. The conventional method of treatment (toasting) for soybean meal in fish feed was adopted. After the treatments, the treated seeds were analyzed for nutrient contents and phytochemical screening. Anti-nutritional factors such as phytates and flavonoids were negative among all the treatments. Alkaloids were significantly (P < 0.05) higher (4.35±0.00) in raw moringa seed kernels but lower (2.12±0.00) in ethanol-soaked moringa seed kernels. Tannins were detected in all the treatment methods except in boiled moringa seed kernels which were not detected. Saponins were not detected in toasted moringa seed kernel but detected in all other treatments, which was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (5.91±0.00) in raw and lower (5.16±0.00) in boiled moringa seed kernels. The proximate compositions of differently treated moringa seed kernels meals and soybean meal recorded higher crude protein (CP) content in toasted moringa seed kernel meals but lower (24.58±0.00) in raw moringa seed kernel meals. The lipid content (27.74±0.00) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher in autoclaved moringa seed kernel meals and significantly (P < 0.05) lower (20.33±0.00) in soybean meal. Ash contents was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (7.13±0.00) in soybean meal and significantly (P < 0.05) lower (2.90±0.00) in boiled moringa seed kernel meals. The results indicated a significant decrease in the anti-nutritional contents among the treatment methods and improved the nutritional composition of moringa seed kernel meals. This has indicated the impact of the treatment methods used in the research and also the potential of moringa seed kernels has in substituting the conventional plant protein sources in animal diets. The treatment methods employed in the present study are recommended for other non-conventional plant protein sources as well as other treatment methods on moringa seed kernels that are not used in this research for further studies. Key words: Anti nutrients, meal, moringa, treatments, kernels, proximate, protein and seeds
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Adetuyi, Foluso Olutope, Abimbola Olawumi Iroaye, Olamide Muyiwa Babatunde, and Gloria Jacinta Effiong. "The Influence of Storage of Pawpaw Carica papaya Fruit on the Bioactive Components, Antioxidative Properties and Inhibition of Fe2+-Induced Lipid Peroxidation of Water-Extracts of Pawpaw Seed." Biological Sciences - PJSIR 59, no. 3 (2016): 146–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52763/pjsir.biol.sci.59.3.2016.146.154.
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Freshly harvested, matured, newly ripe pawpaw (Carica papaya) fruit (Maradol variety) wasstored at room temperature (27±1 °C) for 7days. The seeds of the freshly harvested and stored pawpawfruit were taken and divided into two groups each; one was dried as dry sample, dry freshly harvestedsample (DFHS) and dry stored sample (DSS) while the other was left as wet sample, wet freshly harvestedsample (WFHS) and wet stored sample (WSS). The bioactive components, antioxidative properties andinhibition of Fe2+ induced lipid peroxidation activity of the water extract of the seed were investigated.Storage of pawpaw fruit caused a significant increase in ascorbic acid and flavonoid content of the pawpawseed in both dry and wet samples but only in dry stored sample significant increase in the phenol contentof the seed was observed. The dried pawpaw seed DFHS and DSS showed stronger inhibition of Fe2+induced lipid peroxidation activities.
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Pomper, Kirk W., and Sheri B. Crabtree. "(316) Development of Rootstocks to Promote Early Bearing in Pawpaw." HortScience 40, no. 4 (2005): 1027C—1027. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.40.4.1027c.
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The propagation of clonal rootstocks for the pawpaw [Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal] has been unsuccessful; therefore, nurseries currently graft cultivars onto rootstock derived from locally available seed of diverse genetic origin. Great variation in pawpaw scion growth and suckering is observed with this seedling rootstock and grafted trees are also slow to come into production, often producing fruit 5 to 6 years after planting. In an effort to develop superior seedling rootstocks for pawpaw cultivars, seedstock was evaluated from the cultivars PA-Golden (#1), Sunflower, Susquehanna, NC-1, K8-2, and commercially available seed (RVT). The objectives of the experiment were to determine if: 1) genotype and seed size influenced vigor of greenhouse-grown container seedlings; 2) graft compatibility and growth rate of scions would vary by rootstock; and 3) scion precocity was influenced by various seedling rootstocks in the field. Greenhouse experiments were conducted in 2002, 2003, and 2004, and each year all seedstocks had a high germination percentage (95%) and uniform size within each seedstock. Seed size was an important factor in determining vigor in container production. Seed of `Sunflower' was large (1.65 g/seed) and consistently produced vigorous seedlings that were able to be chipbudded within 6 months. Seed of the selection K8-2 was smallest (0.94 g/seed) and showed the least vigor. Bud take was similar for the scions `Sunflower' and `Susquehanna' on all rootstocks. Twenty-one weeks after budding, scions of `Sunflower' were about 30% larger than scions of `Susquehanna'; however, source of seedling rootstock did not affect growth of either cultivar. Field evaluations have begun with the two cultivars budded onto the six rootstocks.
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Okoye, C. O. B., C. N. Ibeto, and J. N. Ihedioha. "Preliminary Studies on the Characterization of Orange Seed and Pawpaw Seed Oils." American Journal of Food Technology 6, no. 5 (2011): 422–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/ajft.2011.422.426.
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Irmayanti, Irmayanti, Chairil Anwar, and Ika Rezvani Aprita. "Efektivitas Kernel Kelor dan Ampas Kernel Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.) sebagai Biokoagulan dan Desinfektan Alami pada Pengolahan Air Sungai." JURNAL SAINS TEKNOLOGI & LINGKUNGAN 5, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jstl.v5i1.101.
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his study specifically aims to study the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera L. Moringa oleifera seed powder as a biocoagulant and disinfectant for river water treatment. This study use a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with four replications. The treatment in this study consisted of 2 factors, the variation factor of biocoagulants (v) and the biooagulants concentration (k). Moringa seed variation factor consists of 2 levels, namely Moringa seed powder (v1) and Moringa seed pulp (v2) powder, the factor of Moringa seed powder concentration and Moringa seed pulp powder consists of 3 levels, namely 0.025% (k1), 0.05 % (k2) and 0.075% (k3). Analysis carried out on river water, treated water and water after screening included pH, color, turbidity, manganese (Mn), iron (Fe) and total coli bacteria. The best quality processed water is treated with Moringa (v1) seed powder with a concentration of 0.05% (k2) with the following characteristics: pH 7.21, color 11.25 TCU (True Color Units), turbidity 2.38 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units), manganese (Mn) levels 0.022 mg.L-1, iron content 0.036 mg.L-1, and coli bacteria total 0.08 x 102/100 ml samples
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Osabohien, Emmanuel, Ufuoma Soya, and Nduka Obichukwu Ojeifo. "Characteristics of natural rubber – carbonized pawpaw seed composites." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 8 (2020): 2951–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i8.23.
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The search for eco-friendly and less expensive fillers and additives has necessitated the use of renewable natural resources of plant origin in rubber compounding. This research work utilized carbonized pawpaw (Carica papaya) seeds as filler in natural rubber compounds in a bid to determining the reinforcing potentials. The carbonized pawpaw seeds (CPS) and dried raw pawpaw seeds (RPS) were separately pulverized, screened with a 75 μm sized test sieve and incorporated into natural rubber, Standard Nigerian Rubber (SNR 10), loaded between 0 – 50 parts per hundred (Phr) of the rubber. The cure characteristics, physicomechanical properties as well as the percentage swelling characteristics of vulcanizates were measured as a function of filler loading and compared with the values obtained using industrial grade carbon black (N330) as a standard reinforcing filler. Results showed that the CPS and RPS filled SNR 10 influenced the cure characteristics and physicomechanical properties of rubber vulcanizates. The scorch and cure times of the vulcanizates decreased as filler loading is increased while maximum torque increased with increase in filler loading. Tensile strength and modulus at 100% strain for all SNR 10 filled vulcanizates increased to optimum level at 40 phr respectively, thereafter decreased, and elongation at break decreased as filler loading is increased. The hardness and abrasion resistance of the vulcanizates increased with increase in filler loading, while compression set and percentage swelling in both petroleum and aromatic solvents decreased as filler loading is increased. The vulcanizates tend to swell more in aromatic solvents than in petroleum solvents. Percentage swelling of the vulcanizates (N330 – SNR 10 < CPS – SNR 10 < RPS – SNR 10) and in the order benzene > toluene > kerosene > diesel solvents. The research work showed that CPS and RPS fillers exhibited considerable reinforcing potentials but somewhat inferior to carbon black, N330.
 Keywords: Natural rubber, pawpaw seeds, fillers, vulcanizates and reinforcement.
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Ikemefuna, Ozor Ignatius, Okpala Onyedikachukwu Precious, Ugwu Valentine Ifebuchechukwu, Uzoefuna Chima Casmir, and Nnachi Ifenna Salvator. "Protective effects of Moringa oleifera seed Extracts on Nutmeg induced Kidney Toxicity in Wistar Rats." NEWPORT INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL AND APPLIED SCIENCES 6, no. 1 (2025): 32–35. https://doi.org/10.59298/nijbas/2025/6.1.323500.
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Nutmeg is a popular household spices that has a serious health effect when abused, and has been found to have a very serious toxic effects on the kidney. This study investigated the protective potency of Moringa oleifera seed extracts on nutmeg induced nephrotoxicity. This study made use of twenty-four (24) Wistar rats weighing between 80-150g, which was randomly selected into six groups. Group A received no treatment while Group B was administered 500 mg/kg of nutmeg seed extract. Group C received 500 mg/kg of nutmeg seed extract and 200mg/kg of moringa ethanolic seed extract. Group D was administered 500 mg/kg of nutmeg seed extract and 400mg/kg of moringa ethanolic seed extract. Group E was administered 500 mg/kg of nutmeg seed extract and 200mg/kg of moringa n-hexane seed extract. Group F was also administered 500 mg/kg of nutmeg seed extract and 400mg/kg of moringa n-hexane seed extract. From the histological analysis, the photomicrographs of groups B, C and E showed significant renal damage, while groups A, D and F showed normal kidney histoarchitecture with intact glomeruli and convoluted tubules.The results from this study confirmed the protective potency of Moringa on nutmeg induced kidney toxicity at the histological level. However, further research is encouraged. Keywords: Nutmeg Toxicity, Nephrotoxicity, Moringa oleifera, Kidney Damage, Renal Dysfunction, Protective Potency and Wistar Rats
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Tamilarasan C., Beaulah A., Nageswari K., Balakumbahan R., and Anitha T. "Evaluation of Moringa (Moringa oliefera. Lam) Genotypes for Seed Oil Yield and Quality." International Journal of Plant & Soil Science 35, no. 19 (2023): 2100–2105. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijpss/2023/v35i193761.
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A study was carried out at the Department of Vegetable Science, Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam,2022 in ten moringa genotypes to assess pod, seed characters, seed oil yield, and quality. In pod characters, among ten genotypes PKM MO-3 recorded the highest pod length (75 cm) & fresh pod weight (154 g), PKM MO 7 recorded the highest dry pod weight (37 g), PKM MO 2 recorded the highest pod girth (7.7 cm) and PKM MO 9 recorded the lowest pod length, fresh pod weight, Number of seeds per pod and pod yield per tree. In seed characters PKM MO 3 registered the highest seed length (0.92 cm), seed width(0.79cm), seed diameter(1.20cm) and PKM MO 10 recorded the lowest highest seed length (0.72 cm), seed width (0.64 cm) and seed diameter (0.96 cm). The moringa seed oil composition extracted with different methods such as the expeller pressed method, soxhlet extraction method, and Clevenger extraction method were compared. The oil yield obtained by expeller, soxhlet, and Clevenger was 27.84, 26.1, and 25.35 percent respectively. Also, specific gravity, density, viscosity, and refractive index were measured by different methods of oil extraction in ten genotypes. These results promoted the use of expeller expeller-pressed method for the extraction of high-quality moringa oil.
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Mubvuma, M. T., S. Mapanda, and E. Mashonjowa. "Effect of storage temperature and duration on germination of moringa seeds (moringa oleifera)." Greener Journal of Agricultural Sciences 3, no. 5 (2013): 427–32. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2013.3.121912328.
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Storing moringa seeds soon after harvesting at a specific storage temperature and for specific storage duration may affect the seed quality and germination percentages of the seed. Thus, an experiment was carried out to determine the storage temperature conditions and storage duration that may be used by small holder farmers when storing moringa seed to achieve optimum germination percentages. The results of the study indicated that management of storage temperature and storage duration of seed has potential to improve the seed quality and germination percentage of moringa seed. Across all the treatments, the results suggest that the quality of the seed improves with prolonged storage period up until three months, thereafter the quality of seed decrease with storage time unless stored under low temperatures (10 <sup>0 </sup>C). Good germination results were achieved after storing the seeds at a storage temperature of 25 <sup>0 </sup>C (ambient temperature) for a duration of 60 days.
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Kasmuri, N., N. S. A. Shokree, N. Zaini, et al. "Treatment of Wastewater by Moringa Oleifera and Maize Seeds as Plant-Based Coagulant." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1140, no. 1 (2023): 012010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1140/1/012010.
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Abstract Coagulants are essential in purifying raw water for drinking water safety for consumers. Commonly, aluminium sulphate, a chemical coagulant, is used for water treatment. However, for long-term usage, chemical coagulants can be considered toxic and harmful to the environment due to the accumulation of this substance in the pipeline system, which can create severe health issues if consumed. The natural plant-based coagulant can be a substitute for a sustainable solution in the water treatment coagulation process. This research aimed to determine the efficiency of plant-based materials as coagulants in surface water treatment. Moringa oleifera and maize seeds were chosen as natural coagulants in this investigation since they are both locally available plant-based materials. Here, this research aims to study the ability of moringa oleifera seed and maize seed as plant-based coagulants in enhancing the effluent quality of the wastewater treatment plant of UiTM Dengkil Selangor. A jar test experiment was used to assess the capacity of moringa oleifera and maize as natural coagulants. The results comprise turbidity removal by 92% (mixed of moringa oleifera seed and maize seed), the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of 95% reduction rate using moringa oleifera seed. The biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) for 88% removal by moringa oleifera seed, ammonia-nitrogen removal of 12% (moringa oleifera seed) and total suspended solids (TSS) of 100% reduction rate using mixed moringa oleifera seed and maize seed for the effluent sample. Thus, it can be recognized that moringa oleifera and maize seeds can be an alternative solution to replace the chemical coagulants in the treatment systems.
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Sebii, Haifa, Sirine Karra, Abir Mokni Ghribi, et al. "Moringa, Milk Thistle, and Jujube Seed Cold-Pressed Oils: Characteristic Profiles, Thermal Properties, and Oxidative Stability." Foods 13, no. 9 (2024): 1402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods13091402.
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Cold-pressed moringa, milk thistle, and jujube seed oils were investigated in terms of their characteristic profiles, thermal properties, and oxidative stability. The findings proved that the extracted oils were characterized by high nutritional values, which encourages their use in various fields. Results showed significant differences between the obtained oils. Overall, jujube seed oil exhibited the best quality parameters, with acidity equal to 0.762 versus 1% for the moringa and milk thistle seed oils. Milk thistle seed oil showed absorbance in the UV-C (100–290 nm), UV-B (290–320 nm), and UV-A (320–400 nm) ranges, while the moringa and jujube seed oils showed absorbance only in the UV-B and UV-A ranges. Concerning bioactive compounds, jujube seed oil presented the highest content of polyphenols, which promoted a good scavenging capacity (90% at 10 µg/mL) compared to the moringa and milk thistle seed oils. Assessing the thermal properties of the obtained oils showed the presence of four groups of triglycerides in the moringa and milk thistle seed oils, and two groups of triglycerides in the jujube seed oil. The thermograms were constant at temperatures above 10 °C for milk thistle seed oil, 15 °C for jujube seed oil, and 30 °C for moringa seed oil, which corresponded to complete liquefaction of the oils. The extinction coefficients K232 and K270, monitored during storage for 60 days at 60 °C, proved that jujube seed oil had the highest polyphenols content and was the most stable against thermal oxidation.
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Setiadi, A., S. Hardiyanti, D. P. Hati, and Erwinda. "Morphological characterization and seed production of Moringa oleifera Lam. mother tree in North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1133, no. 1 (2023): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1133/1/012011.
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Abstract Moringa oleifera Lam. is the Moringaceae family that is becoming popular in Indonesia as a food, medicine, and cosmetics source. Developing moringa plants in the community is difficult because there is no source of moringa seeds. However, the moringa mother tree from population selection has high productivity, known genetics, and is pests and diseases free. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and characterize the moringa plant population. The research has conducted in Selengan Village, North Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara Province, in June 2021. The study aims to determine the selected mother tree, observe morphological characters, and calculate seed production per year. First, a survey method explored selected moringa mother trees. Then, observations of morphological characters were on quantitative and qualitative characters. Finally, potential seed production had carried out to estimate the seed production in population per year. The results showed that there have 38 mother trees that have high-yielding seed production. Furthermore, because the moringa population was from one seed source, the morphological population of the mother tree has the same characteristics. Therefore, the potential for moringa seed production was around 624,034 moringa seeds per year.
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Handayani, Sri Seno, Erin Ryantin Gunawan, Dedy Suhendra, Murniati Murniati, Rizka Dhia Khalilah Bali, and Gita Sagita Sari. "Extraction and Characterization of Moringa Seed Oil Results from Soxhletation and Screw Pressing." Jurnal Pijar Mipa 20, no. 1 (2025): 129–34. https://doi.org/10.29303/jpm.v20i1.8245.
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Moringa seed oil is a vegetable oil that has many benefits for health and the pharmaceutical industry. Moringa seed oil can be extracted either chemically or mechanically. This research aims to characterize moringa seed oil’s physicochemical properties and fatty acid composition using soxhletation chemical extraction and screw-pressing mechanical extraction with various pretreatment temperatures of 50, 60, and 70°C. The research showed that the highest yield of moringa seed oil, 41.74%, was obtained at an initial treatment temperature of 70°C using the soxhletation method for 6 hours. The acid value of moringa seed oil from soxhletation is 2.01 mg KOH/g, and screw pressing is 4.37 mg KOH/g. The iodine number from soxhletation was 66.62 mg iod/100g, and screw pressing was 60.27 mg iod/100g. The density of the oil from soxhletation and screw pressing is 0.922 mg/mL and 0.934 mg/mL, respectively, with an oil viscosity of 3.298 cP and 3.424 cP. The results of GC-MS analysis show that moringa seed oil from soxhletation has an oleic acid composition of 40.92%, while the screw pressing has an oleic acid composition of 22.50%. This finding demonstrates the influence of extraction methods on the fatty acid profile, particularly the concentration of oleic acid, a key component of moringa seed oil. These results contribute to understanding how specific extraction techniques can optimize the quality of moringa seed oil.
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Aphirta, S., R. Ratnaningsih, R. Hadisoebroto, A. M. Yusuf, and H. Gantara. "Determination of the optimum organic coagulants dosage in tofu industrial wastewater treatment." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1203, no. 1 (2023): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1203/1/012049.
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Abstract The research aim was to analyze the optimum dosage of moringa seed and tamarind seed as an organic coagulant in removing tofu wastewater pollutants using coagulation, flocculation, and sedimentation reactors. The first step is the manufacture of coagulant by processing the organic coagulant raw materials into powder and filtered using a 50 mesh filter and dried. The second step is to determine the dosage of coagulant using 4 variations of pH 5,6,7,8 using NaOH solution, and coagulant dosages obtained 2,3,4,5 gr/L. The third stage is an experimental test using the squenching batch reactor (SBR) method with TSS and COD parameter analysis. The effects confirmed that the coagulant of moringa seed had better ability than tamarind seed in removing TSS and COD, with the highest percentage reduction in TSS and COD at 3 gr dose of moringa seed. In addition, removal of TSS and COD using moringa seed or tamarind seed as coagulant was the most optimum at neutral pH 7-8. However, the treatment of tofu wastewater using either moringa seed or tamarind seed as coagulant using the coagulation-flocculation-sedimentation method in one reactor is not able to remove pollutants to meet the quality standards, so further treatment is needed.
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Smith, Sarah, Xuexiang Chen, Zhuobin Li, et al. "Optimization of Supercritical CO2 Extraction of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Using Response Surface Methodological Approach and Its Antioxidant Activity." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 535. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac077.038.
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Abstract Objectives Moringa (Moringa oleifera), also known as the Drumstick tree, is a Moringa plant found in the Moringa family. Moringa is rich in multiple biological aspects such as, protein, amino acids, fibers, vitamins, and essential minerals, including potassium, calcium, iron, and zinc. In addition, Moringa seeds contain a relatively large amount of oil, which has been shown to benefit human health. Moringa seed oil contains a high quantity of unsaturated fatty acids than most common edible oils. Supercritical CO2 fluid extraction is particularly suitable for the separation of physiologically active substances and natural products, including plant seed oil. Thus, the present study aimed to determine the optimal process conditions of supercritical CO2 fluid extraction of moringa seed oil. Methods We employed supercritical CO2 fluid extraction as well as the response surface test design on the basis of single-factor experiment to investigate the three factors of extraction, temperature, time, and pressure, on the extraction rate of Moringa seed oil. Results The optimal process conditions were determined as extraction temperature of 45°C, extraction time of 2.5 h, extraction pressure of 50 MPa, and CO2 flow rate of 240 L/h, resulting in a maximum yield of 38.54%. This resulting maximum yield is higher than prior extraction methods of moringa seed oil. Composition analysis shows that the extracted moringa seed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, including oleic acid, octadecanoic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, eicosanoic acid, etc. Furthermore, we found that moringa seed oil exerted potent antioxidant activities on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals, and its efficacy was comparable to commercial peanut oil and tea oil. Conclusions This study provides a scientific basis for the development and application of Moringa seed oil in functional food, nutraceutical, and cosmetic products. Funding Sources This work was supported by General project of Basic and applied basic Research in Guangzhou (2,060,206); Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong basic and applied basic research foundation (2021A1515010965); Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong basic and applied basic research foundation ([2018]105), Laboratory opening project of Guangzhou Medical University (PX-1,020,423).
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Pomper, Kirk W., Desmond R. Layne, and Snake C. Jones. "Container Production of Pawpaw Seedlings." HortTechnology 13, no. 3 (2003): 434–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.13.3.0434.
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Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is a native North American tree that has potential as a new fruit crop or for use in landscapes, but until recently, little information has been available to nurseries on containerized production of this species. Pawpaw seedlings develop a strong taproot with a fragile root system, which can be easily damaged upon digging; therefore, most nurseries propagate trees in containers. Pawpaw seed requires stratification for optimal germination and seed is sensitive to desiccation. The seed also cannot tolerate freezing temperatures [<-15 °C (5.0 °F)]. A well-aerated potting substrate with a high sphagnum peat moss component (>75% by volume), cation exchange capacity, and water holding capacity can be used effectively in container production. Tall containers should be used to accommodate the developing taproot of seedlings. The slow-release fertilizer Osmocote 14-14-14 (14N-6.1P-11.6K) incorporated into Pro-Mix BX potting substrate can be used effectively as the sole fertilizer source at a treatment rate of 2.22 kg·m-3 (3.742 lb/yard3) in containerized pawpaw production. It can also be used at a lower rate of 0.81 kg·m-3 (1.365 lb/yard3) when supplemented with weekly applications of 500 mg·L-1 (ppm) of Peters 20-20-20 (20N-8.78P-16.6K) liquid-feed fertilizer. Bottom heating [32 °C (89.6 °F)] of container-grown pawpaw seedlings results in greater lateral and total root dry weight than in seedlings grown at ambient temperature [24 °C (75.2 °F)], which could increase the rate of establishment of seedlings in the field. Bottom heating of container-grown pawpaw seedlings could decrease both the time to produce a saleable plant and the cost of heating greenhouses. Growth of containerized pawpaw seedlings is enhanced by low to moderate shading with polypropylene shade fabric (28% or 51%) outdoors and low shading (33%) in the greenhouse, in a manner typical of that reported for other shade-preferring plants. Low to moderate shading of pawpaw seedlings grown outdoors greatly increases leaf number, total leaf area, and total plant dry weight compared to nonshaded seedlings, suggesting that commercial nurseries can improve production of containerized pawpaw seedlings using a shading regime outdoors.
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Ademiluyi, J. O. "Sludge conditioning with Moringa seed." Environment International 14, no. 1 (1988): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(88)90378-9.
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V, KRISHNASAMY. "Effects of seed soaking in leaf extract and seed coating with leaf powder on seed germination and seedling vigour in sunflower." Madras Agricultural Journal 91, December (2004): 460–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.29321/maj.10.a00135.
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Sunflower seeds of cv. Morden were soaked in water or leaf extract (1%) of Prosopis, Azadirachta (Neem), Cyanodon, Bougainvilla, Vitax, Acacia, Pongamia, Hibiscus,." Moringa and Tamarindus (Tamarind) for 16h and dried back to original moisture content. Soaked and dried seeds were evaluated for seed germination and root and shoot length of seedlings. In another experiment, seeds were coated with dried leaf powders of plant species used in the previous experiment at 250 g kg of seed using maida 5 per cent ns adhesive. Soaking and drying in leaf extract of Bougainvilla and Vitax recorded maximum germination. However, root and shoot length of seedlings were maximum in seeds soaked in water. Moringa leaf extract significantly reduced seed germination. However, in seed coating experiment Moringa leaf powder proved to be the best for enhancing seed germination and vigour.
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Lisa, Desembra, Elanda Fikri, and Rojali Rojali. "Penggunaan Koagulan Kombinasi Bubuk Biji Moringa Oleifera Dan Bubuk Biji Tamarindus Indica Dalam Menurunkan Kadar COD Dan TSS Limbah Cair Tahu." Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan Indonesia 21, no. 3 (2022): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkli.21.3.266-273.
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Latar belakang : Kandungan bahan organik tinggi terutama kadar BOD, COD, dan TSS terdapat pada limbah cair tahu. Bubuk biji Tamarindus indica dan bubuk biji Moringa oleifera dapat digunakan dalam penurunan kadar COD dan TSS.Metode : Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penurunan COD dan TSS dalam limbah cair tahu dengan kombinasi bubuk biji Moringa oleifera dan bubuk biji Tamarindus indica dengan metode jar test.Hasil: Sebelum diberi perlakuan kadar COD 9650 mg/l dan kadar TSS 300 mg/l. Hasil penurunan efektif menggunakan koagulan bubuk biji Tamarindus indica pada konsentrasi 66,7mg/l yaitu kadar COD 6615 mg/l dan TSS 250 mg/l. Penurunan COD juga terjadi pada konsentrasi 66,7 mg/l bubuk biji Moringa oleifera yaitu COD 9512 mg/l dan TSS tidak mengalami penurunan.Simpulan : Kombinasi bubuk biji Moringa oleifera dan bubuk biji Tamarindus indica tidak efektif penurunan kadar COD dan TSS limbah cair tahu saat dilakukan proses koagulasi. ABSTRACTTitle: Tofu Liquid Waste Treatment Using a Combination of Moringa Oleifera Seed Powder and Tamarindus Indica Seed Powder as Coagulant in Reduce COD and TSS LevelsBackground : The characteristics of tofu liquid waste contain high organic material, especially levels of BOD, COD and TSS. Tamarindus indica and Moringa oleifera seed powder capable of reducing COD and TSS levels. Method : The aim of this study was to determine the reduction of COD and TSS levels of tofu liquid waste using a combination of Moringa oleifera seed powder and Tamarindus indica seed powder using the jar test method. Result :Prior to treatment the levels of COD were 9650 mg/l and TSS 300 mg/l. The results of effective reduction using Tamarindus indica seed powder coagulant at a concentration of 66.7 mg/l, COD levels 6615 mg/l and TSS 250 mg/l. The decrease in COD levels also occurred at a concentration of 66.7 mg/l Moringa oleifera seed powder, COD 9512 mg/l and TSS did not decrease. Conclusion : The combination of Moringa oleifera seed powder and Tamarindus indica seed powder was not effective inreducing COD and TSS level tofu waste with the coagulation process.
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Dao, Trung Minh, Huong Thi Thu Bui, Dinh Kim Ngo, and Ngan Vo Chau Nguyen. "Assessing the effectiveness flocculation water fishery by some flocculation auxiliaries extracts from plants." Science and Technology Development Journal 19, no. 4 (2016): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v19i4.646.
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This study applied one chemical coagulant, PAC, and three biological coagulant aids include Moringa seed gum, Cassia seed gums and polymer. The results indicated that the best dose of PAC be used as coagulants was 480 mg/L. Using polymer as aids with PAC could remove 66.70 % of COD, 66.86 % of SS, 39.01 % of color from studied wastewater. Using Moringa seed gums as aids with PAC could remove 69.34 % of COD and, 69.61 % of SS, 36.25 % of color from studied wastewater. Similarly, using Cassia seed gums as aids with PAC could remove 70.54 % of COD, 68.34 % of SS and 35.94 % of color from fish blood. These results, showed natural products such as Moringa seed gums or Cassia seed gums would be efficient workable substitutes for synthetic chemical polymer.
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Kumar, S. Arun, G. Sathiya Narayanan, and S. Ranjithrajaram. "Studies on Effect of Various Seed Priming Treatments on Seed Yield in Barnyard Millet (Echinochloa frumentacea) cv CO1." Environment and Ecology 41, no. 3 (2023): 1362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.60151/envec/bxuz5450.
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Field investigation was carried out to study the effect of various seed priming treatments on seed yield in barnyard millet cv CO 1. The seeds of barnyard millet cv CO 1 were given with following seed treatments i.e., dry dressing with Thiram @ 2 g/kg, Hydropriming, bio priming with Pungam leaf extract @ 5%, Moringa leaf extract @ 5%, organo priming with Vermiwash @ 5%, Panchagavya @ 5%, halo priming with MnSO4 @ 2%, ZnSO4 @ 2% along with control. The primed seeds were evaluated for the growth parameters, physiological parameters, gas exchange parameters and yield attributing characteristics. The Moringa leaf extract @ 5% seed priming treatment recorded higher values for the growth parameters such as field emergence, plant height at 45 days and plant height at 90 days. It also recorded early days to first flowering, early days to 50 % flowering when compared to other treatments. The Moringa leaf extract @ 5% seed priming treatment registered significantly higher values for the physiological parameters such as chlorophyll content at 45 DAS, chlorophyll content at 90 DAS, net assimilation rate at 30-50 DAS and 50-95 DAS, leaf area and gas exchange parameters such as photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. In addition to the above characters, Moringa leaf extract @ 5% seed priming treatment also registered significantly higher values for the various seed yield attributing characteristics such as panicle weight plant-1, panicle to seed recovery, seed yield plant-1, seed yield plot-1 and 1000 seed weight.
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Zouboulis, Christos C., Amir M. Hossini, Xiaoxiao Hou, Chaoxuan Wang, Karsten H. Weylandt, and Anne Pietzner. "Effects of Moringa oleifera Seed Oil on Cultured Human Sebocytes In Vitro and Comparison with Other Oil Types." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 12 (2023): 10332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms241210332.
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The seeds of Moringa oleifera (horseradish tree) contain about 40% of one of the most stable vegetable oils (Moringa seed oil). Therefore, the effects of Moringa seed oil on human SZ95 sebocytes were investigated and were compared with other vegetable oils. Immortalized human SZ95 sebocytes were treated with Moringa seed oil, olive oil, sunflower oil, linoleic acid and oleic acid. Lipid droplets were visualized by Nile Red fluorescence, cytokine secretion via cytokine antibody array, cell viability with calcein-AM fluorescence, cell proliferation by real-time cell analysis, and fatty acids were determined by gas chromatography. Statistical analysis was performed by the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-rank test, the Kruskal–Wallis test and Dunn’s multiple comparison test. The vegetable oils tested stimulated sebaceous lipogenesis in a concentration-dependent manner. The pattern of lipogenesis induced by Moringa seed oil and olive oil was comparable to lipogenesis stimulated by oleic acid with also similar fatty acid secretion and cell proliferation patterns. Sunflower oil induced the strongest lipogenesis among the tested oils and fatty acids. There were also differences in cytokine secretion, induced by treatment with different oils. Moringa seed oil and olive oil, but not sunflower oil, reduced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in comparison to untreated cells, and exhibited a low n-6/n-3 index. The anti-inflammatory oleic acid detected in Moringa seed oil probably contributed to its low levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion and induction of cell death. In conclusion, Moringa seed oil seems to concentrate several desired oil properties on sebocytes, such as high content level of the anti-inflammatory fatty acid oleic acid, induction of similar cell proliferation and lipogenesis patterns compared with oleic acid, lipogenesis with a low n-6/n-3 index and inhibition of secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. These properties characterize Moringa seed oil as an interesting nutrient and a promising ingredient in skin care products.
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Chiedozie, Mbadugha Christopher, Edem Gabriel Donatus, Shakirat Yetunde Amoo-Tella, and Uwakmfon-Abasi Ime Enang. "Moringa oleifera Seed Actions Following Aspartame Consumption: A Systematic Evaluation of the Large Intestine." Scholars International Journal of Anatomy and Physiology 5, no. 1 (2022): 15–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijap.2022.v05i01.003.
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The study was carried out to assess the effect of oral administration of Moringa oleifera seed extract following aspartame consumption on the intestinal wall. Twenty-seven (27) rats were used for this study. They were divided into nine groups. Group A, the control group were administered distilled water, Group B were administered 0.4 ml of Aspartame, Group C were administered 1.5 ml of Aspartame, Group D1 were administered 0.6 ml of aspartame for the first three weeks followed by 1.5 ml of ethanolic extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group D2 was administered 0.5 ml of aspartame for the first three week followed by 1.3 ml of n-Hexane extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group E1 were administered 1.3 ml of apartame for the first three weeks, followed by 2.5 ml of ethanolic extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group E2, were administered 1.5 ml of aspartame for the first three weeks followed by 3.0 ml of n-Hexane extract of ground moringa seed on the fourth week, Group F1 were administered 1.4 ml of aspartame and 2.8 ml of ethanolic extract of ground moringa seed from week one to week four. Group F2 were administered 1.3 ml of aspartame and 2.5 ml of n-Hexane extract of ground moringa seed from week one to week four. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The rats were weighed once a week. On the 28th day, the rats were anaesthetized via chloroform inhalation; the large intestine harvested and fixed in 10% buffered formalin, processed and stained with Harris Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&E). Blood were harvested for analysis of Blood Glucose Level. Data were expressed as Mean ± standard error of the Mean (M±SEM) and subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Significant difference between mean was accessed by Student-New-Man-Keuls post hoc test. 95% level of significance (p < 0.05) was used for statistical analysis. Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed extract could not protect the Large intestine from the toxic effect of aspartame while the n-Hexane extract of Moringa oleifera seed has a protective effect on the large intestine.
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Ikele, Chioma Faith, and Christiana Nwakego Ogbonna. "Moringa oleifera seed extract-mediated flocculation as an efficient method for harvesting Chlorella lewinii biomass." Bio-Research 20, no. 3 (2022): 1699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/br.v20i3.7.
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The aim of this research was to investigate the potentials of harvesting Chlorella lewinii through flocculation by Moringa oleifera seed extract. Water, ethanol, and sodium chloride solution were used to extract flocculating agents from both whole and de-fatted Moringa oleifera seeds and their ability to flocculate C. lewinii cells were evaluated. The effects of extracting solvents, extract concentration, incubation period and culture age on flocculation efficiency were investigated. The lipid contents of the biomass harvested by flocculation using M. oleifera seed extract were compared with those harvested by centrifugation. The results showed that 1M sodium chloride solution was the most effective solvent for extracting M. oleifera active ingredient. The optimum extract concentration was 600±0.10 mg/L with approximately 60±0.46 % efficiency, while the optimum length of period for incubating a mixture of cell culture and seed extract was 80±0.26 min. Defatted Moringa oleifera seed extract was more efficient than whole seed extract with an efficiency of 50%. The percentage lipid content of biomass harvested by centrifuge and moringa extracts decreased in the following order: Centrifugation-(22.55%) > de-fatted seed extract (16.63%) > whole seed extract (14.42%). These results indicate that M. oleifera seed extract is a reliable method of harvesting microalgae biomass.
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Ovie, Felix Ogbo, Nkiruka Lilian Oliver, Emmanuel Kenechukwu Nwanama, Chamberlin Jamike Elem, Micheal Obinna Onyewuchi, and Collins Nduka Esomachi. "Reproductive record on Ethanolic Extract of Moringa Oleifera Seed on the Testes of Adult Wistar Rats." European Journal of Theoretical and Applied Sciences 1, no. 5 (2023): 796–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(5).67.
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Background: All ages, racial and ethnic groups, including males from all cultural backgrounds, are vulnerable to sexual dysfunction. Although there are few publications on the importance of Moringa oleifera seeds for reproductive organs, it has been stated that they improve aphrodisiac activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of seed extract of Moringa oleifera on the reproductive organ of male Wistar rats. Methods: Sixteen male rats (120-150g, n=4) were grouped as follows: Control, and seed extract of Moringa oleifera (100, 200 and 400mg/ kg). Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed (EEMS) was given daily for 14 days and thereafter sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Sperm variables were examined microscopically while serum was analyzed for sex hormones, and testicular tissue histopathological. Data were analyzed using Students t-test and ANOVA. Results: Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed caused a significant increase in body weight, and a decrease in sperm motility, quality, and sex hormones. These declines were dose dependent. Normal histoarchitecture was observed and spermatogenesis was enhanced. Conclusion: Ethanolic seed extract of Moringa oleifera exhibit male reproductive toxicity, as observed from its deleterious effect on andrology and sperm variables.
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Felix, Ogbo Ovie, Lilian Oliver Nkiruka, Kenechukwu Nwanama Emmanuel, Jamike Elem Chamberlin, Obinna Onyewuchi Micheal, and Nduka Esomachi Collins. "Reproductive record on Ethanolic Extract of Moringa Oleifera Seed on the Testes of Adult Wistar Rats." European Jornal of Theoretical and Sciences 1, no. 5 (2023): 796–804. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejtas.2023.1(5).67.
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Background: All ages, racial and ethnic groups, including males from all cultural backgrounds, are vulnerable to sexual dysfunction. Although there are few publications on the importance of Moringa oleifera seeds for reproductive organs, it has been stated that they improve aphrodisiac activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of seed extract of Moringa oleifera on the reproductive organ of male Wistar rats. Methods: Sixteen male rats (120-150g, n=4) were grouped as follows: Control, and seed extract of Moringa oleifera (100, 200 and 400mg/ kg). Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed (EEMS) was given daily for 14 days and thereafter sacrificed by cervical dislocation. Sperm variables were examined microscopically while serum was analyzed for sex hormones, and testicular tissue histopathological. Data were analyzed using Students t-test and ANOVA. Results: Ethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera seed caused a significant increase in body weight, and a decrease in sperm motility, quality, and sex hormones. These declines were dose dependent. Normal histoarchitecture was observed and spermatogenesis was enhanced. Conclusion: Ethanolic seed extract of Moringa oleifera exhibit male reproductive toxicity, as observed from its deleterious effect on andrology and sperm variables.
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Musaidah, Musaidah, Aminuddin Syam, Atjo Wahyu, et al. "The Influence of Giving Biscuits of Yellow Pumpkin Seed and Capsule of Moringa Leaves on the Level of C-Reactive Protein on Pregnant Women." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 17, no. 4 (2022): 627–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.170419.
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Pregnant women are likely to have the option of receiving supplementary nourishment in the form of pumpkin seed biscuits and Moringa leaves. The purpose of this study is to see how Pumpkin Seed Biscuits and Moringa Leaf Capsules affect C-Reactive Protein (C-RP) levels in pregnant women at the Stunting Locus, Bone Regency. A Quasi-Experimental method, also known as a field trial. The Non-Randomized Pre-Test - Post Test Group Design was adopted for the research design. Participants in this study were separated into two groups: group I was given pumpkin seed biscuits and a blood-added tablet, and group II was given Moringa leaf extract capsule supplements and a blood-added tablet, with a total of 30 persons in each group. The intervention lasted 90 days and included both a pre-test and a post-test. The levels of C-Reactive Protein in group I (Pumpkin Seed Biscuits) decreased by -0.11±0.04 g/mL. The decrease in C-Reactive Protein levels in group II (Moringa Leaf Extract) was -0.09±0.04 g/mL. Moringa capsules (p=0.001) and pumpkin seed biscuits (p=0.001) had an impact on reducing C-RP levels in pregnant women. Supplemental feeding of pumpkin seed biscuits and Moringa leaf extract capsules can enhance and improve the health condition of pregnant women by lowering C-Reactive Protein levels.
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Bintang, Putri Sakti, Adelina Enny, and Maemunah. "Morphological and Genetic Identification of Moringa Plants (Moringa Oleifera L.) For Procurement Quality Seeds in Tanambulava District Central Sulawesi." International Journal of Life Sciences Research 12, no. 4 (2024): 19–29. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022733.
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<strong>Abstract:</strong> The Moringa plant (<em>Moringa oleifera</em> L.) is a type of tropical plant that is easy to grow in tropical areas such as Indonesia. This research was conducted to obtain quality seeds through morphological analysis and continued with seed viability analysis to obtain high viability seeds, then continued with genetic analysis to obtain quality seed candidates. The first stage is morphological identification using descriptive methods with a survey. directly to the location used for research. The second stage is testing seed viability on selected accessions using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method at the seeding stage in the Seed Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture. with one seed source factor from the results of the first stage of research. A seeding test was carried out using a Randomized Block Design (Rack) method based on plant height with one factor, namely the selected seed source, planting was carried out in the Experimental Field of the Faculty of Agriculture, Tadulako University. This research was carried out from June 2023 to August 2023. The results of the research show that there are seven Moringa accessions with different morphologies, namely the Moringa accessions Sibowi 1, Sibowi 4, Sibowi 6, Sibowi 7, Sibowi 17, Sibowi 21, and Sibowi 23. The distinguishing morphological characteristics are plant height, stem diameter, canopy diameter canopy shape, leaf blade shape, leaf stalk length, leaf stalk width, pod length. Seed viability tests in the nursery showed that there were differences in the viability of Moringa seeds from different seed sources, however, the seed source of <strong>Keywords:</strong> Sibowi, moringa. <strong>Title:</strong> Morphological and Genetic Identification of Moringa Plants (Moringa Oleifera L.) For Procurement Quality Seeds in Tanambulava District Central Sulawesi <strong>Author:</strong> Bintang Putri Sakti, Enny Adelina, Maemunah <strong>International Journal of Life Sciences Research</strong> <strong>ISSN 2348-313X (Print), ISSN 2348-3148 (online)</strong> <strong>Vol. 12, Issue 4, October 2024 - December 2024</strong> <strong>Page No: 19-29</strong> <strong>Research Publish Journals</strong> <strong>Website: www.researchpublish.com</strong> <strong>Published Date: 01-November-2024</strong> <strong>DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14022733</strong> <strong>Paper Download Link (Source)</strong> <strong>https://www.researchpublish.com/papers/morphological-and-genetic-identification-of-moringa-plants-moringa-oleifera-l-for-procurement-quality-seeds-in-tanambulava-district-central-sulawesi</strong>
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Thapa Magar, Srijana, Kirk W. Pomper, Jeremiah Lowe, and Sheri Crabtree. "Impact of Self- and Cross-pollination on Fruit and Seed Set in Pawpaw in Kentucky." HortScience 60, no. 5 (2025): 771–74. https://doi.org/10.21273/hortsci18437-24.
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Pawpaw (Asimina triloba) is a native tree fruit that is in small-scale production across much of the eastern and southern portions of the United States. There is some evidence that pawpaw requires cross-pollination; however, there is also evidence of self-compatibility or self-fruitfulness in some cultivars. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of self-compatibility and its impact on fruit and seed set in pawpaw. Two pawpaw cultivars, Sunflower and Susquehanna, were examined in this study at the Kentucky State University Harold R. Benson Research and Demonstration Farm. Approximately 1000 crosses, including 250 self- and cross-pollinations for each cultivar, were carried out with open flowers in Apr 2016 and 2017. Competing flowers were removed after pollination, and the number of fruit clusters and fruit number within each cluster were recorded three times a year during May, July, and August. The fruit were harvested in August, followed by seed extraction. After stratification, the seeds were sown in a greenhouse. The leaves of parent material and the newly germinated seedlings from the seeds in each treatment were collected and DNA was extracted. Primers for three pawpaw simple sequence repeats (SSRs) for the loci Pp-B3, Pp-B103, and Pp-G124 were selected. These primers generated unique SSR fingerprint patterns for each parent and allowed the determination of whether a seedling was the result of selfing or crossing between the two parents. This study is the first to report that selfing can occur in pawpaw. The DNA fingerprinting results confirmed some self-fruit set in ‘Sunflower’ in 2016 and 2017. Both cultivars served as pollinizers for the other; however, genetic yield potential by the maternal tree could be more important for determining the ultimate fruit set than outcrossing between genotypes.
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Hussein, J. B., J. O. Y. Ilesanmi, H. M. Aliyu, and V. Akogwu. "Chemical and sensory qualities of moimoi and akara produced from blends of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) and Moringa oleifera seed flour." Nigerian Journal of Technological Research 15, no. 3 (2020): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njtr.v15i3.3.
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The possible combination of cowpea with moringa seed flour for the production of nutrient dense moimoi (steamed cowpea paste) and akara (deep-fat fried balls) were investigated. Composite blends of cowpea and moringa seed flour in different proportions (98:2, 96:4 and 94:6) were used in moimoi and akara production while 100% cowpea flour served as control. The proximate and sensory analyses of the products were determined using standard methods. The results showed a positive influence in the proximate compositions of these products as the proportion of moringa seed flour substitution increased. The moimoi samples ranged between 10.77 – 26.92%, 18.27 – 21.16%, 8.12 – 10.72%, 1.80 – 2.19%, 0.76 – 0.84%, 44.07 – 53.99% and 269.87 – 335.18 Kcal/100g while akara samples ranged between 9.73 – 10.77%, 19.51 – 22.12%, 7.41 – 9.90%, 2.39 – 2.71%, 0.87 – 0.93%, 54.69 – 59.00% and 320.26 – 332.08 Kcal/100g respectively for moisture contents, protein contents, crude fats, ash, crude fibers, carbohydrates and energy values. The sensory evaluation results of these products favourably competed with the control except samples D (94:6) which showed a slight difference in all parameters tested. Thus, the substitution of cowpea with moringa seed flour up to 2% and 4% proportions are adequate to produce acceptable moimoi and akara, respectively.The possible combination of cowpea with moringa seed flour for the production of nutrient dense moimoi (steamed cowpea paste) and akara (deep-fat fried balls) were investigated. Composite blends of cowpea and moringa seed flour in different proportions (98:2, 96:4 and 94:6) were used in moimoi and akara production while 100% cowpea flour served as control. The proximate and sensory analyses of the products were determined using standard methods. The results showed a positive influence in the proximate compositions of these products as the proportion of moringa seed flour substitution increased. The moimoi samples ranged between 10.77 – 26.92%, 18.27 – 21.16%, 8.12 – 10.72%, 1.80 – 2.19%, 0.76 – 0.84%, 44.07 – 53.99% and 269.87 – 335.18 Kcal/100g while akara samples ranged between 9.73 – 10.77%, 19.51 – 22.12%, 7.41 – 9.90%, 2.39 – 2.71%, 0.87 – 0.93%, 54.69 – 59.00% and 320.26 – 332.08 Kcal/100g respectively for moisture contents, protein contents, crude fats, ash, crude fibers, carbohydrates and energy values. The sensory evaluation results of these products favourably competed with the control except samples D (94:6) which showed a slight difference in all parameters tested. Thus, the substitution of cowpea with moringa seed flour up to 2% and 4% proportions are adequate to produce acceptable moimoi and akara, respectively.
 Keywords: Moimoi, Akara, Cowpea flour, Moringa oleifera seed flour and Sensory properties: Moimoi, Akara, Cowpea flour, Moringa oleifera seed flour and Sensory properties
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El-Bassir, Abdel Raheam H. A. A. "Usage of Moringa olifera seed cake as food for Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings." Journal of The Faculty of Science and Technology, no. 5 (October 5, 2018): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.52981/jfst.vi5.360.
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The study was conducted to determine the suitability of Moringa olifera seed cake as a protein source for Oreochromis niloticus fry. It is concluded that Moringa olifera seed cake can be used as a dietary protein in Nile tilapia fry without significant reduction in growth performance. The body weight gain ranged from 50.91 to 85.17 gm within three weeks. Fry fed a mixture of Moringa olifera seed cake and wheat bran (1:1) had better growth performance than those on wheat bran only.
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Omeje, Victor Okonkwo, Helet Lambrechts, and Danie Brink. "Hormonal Profile and Reproductive Parameters of Pre-vitellogenic Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) on Pawpaw (Carica papaya) Seed Meal." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 2 (2019): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n2p524.
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The use of phytochemicals to control precocious maturation and indiscriminate spawning among tilapia species is an important issue in aquaculture. This study investigated the influence of pawpaw (Carica papaya) seed meal on the reproductive performance, and the sex hormone profile of sexually immature Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Pawpaw seed meal (PSM) were included in a tilapia commercial diet (basal diet) at an inclusion level of 0 PSM, 10 PSM and 30 PSM g/kg of the basal diet (BD), respectively, and fed to immature O. mossambicus for a period of 30 and 60 days, respectively. Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay (ELISA) procedures were used to quantify the plasma levels of 17&beta;-estradiol and 11-ketotestosterone. The inclusion of PSM did not affect the growth and survival rate of the O. mossambicus. The plasma levels of 11-ketotestosterone did not differ among the treatment groups. The 17&beta;-estradiol levels of female fish that received 30 PSM g/kg BD for 60 days were significantly lower (p &lt; 0.05) than the levels reported for females that were not fed the PSM. In females, the PSM reduced the gonad weight, GSI, fecundity and egg diameter of fish. The study concludes that pawpaw seed meal affected the reproductive function of the female O. mossambicus though the changes were reversible.
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Mutmainah. "Moringa oleifera Seed Oil Nanoemulsion Using Tween 80 and Polyethylene Glycol 400: Oil Characterization and Formula Optimization." Tropical Journal of Natural Product Research 9, no. 4 (2025): 1843. https://doi.org/10.26538/tjnpr/v9i4.59.
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Moringa oleifera is a useful plant known for its antialopecia properties. Nanoemulsions have been proven effective as a carrier for the delivery of lipophilic compounds in Moringa oleifera seed oil to increase the permeation of active ingredients. This study aimed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of Moringa oleifera seed oil and identify its composition using GCMS, optimize the formulation of a nanoemulsion containing Moringa oleifera seed oil, using Tween 80 as a surfactant and PEG 400 as a co-surfactant. The optimal formulation was determined using Design-Expert through the simplex lattice design approach. A total of 14 formulations were tested for particle size response, polydispersity index (PDI), and zeta potential. The results showed that Moringa oleifera seed oil contained 12 fatty acids, with oleic acid as the most abundant (71.52%), followed by palmitic (8.05%), stearic (5.99%), behenic (5.31%), and arachidic acid (2.97%).The acid value, peroxide, density, saponification, refractive index, and moisture content of the oil were 0.46 mg KOH/g oil, 6.28 meq O2/kg oil, 0.915 grams/cm3, 253.5 mg KOH/g oil, as well as 1.4668 and 0.12% w/w, respectively. The optimal formulation obtained consisted of 6.401% Moringa oleifera seed oil, 36% Tween 80, and 18.599% PEG 400. Evaluation of the optimal formula showed particle size response value was 237.06 nm, PDI 0.467, zeta potential -20.89 mV, transmittance value 97.7%, spherical shape in observations using TEM. Nanoemulsion containing high quality of Moringa oleifera seed oil was able to be formulated, which may serve as a promising dosage form for hair growth treatments.
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Hazhar M. Balaky and Ismail S. Kakey. "Role of Moringa oleifera seed consumption on the levels of glucose, serum adipokines and bone function markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (2020): 1260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4287.
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The current study was conducted to investigate the impact of consumption of Moringa oleifera seed on the levels of glucose, Bone function markers and adipokines, in diabetes males. This study involved (47) diabetes male patients aged (40-59) years that have been classified into (Group 1): diabetes male under the treatment of Moringa oleifera seed (n=15) and (Group 2) diabetes male under the treatment of synthetic drugs (n=32). In addition to (15) apparently healthy subjects as a control group. Diabetes male patients consumed every day the Moringa oleifera seed at dose of 70 mg (one teaspoon) for 6 months. Blood samples were collected from both group to determine serum lipid profile, adipokines, bone function markers. Results indicate that consumption of Moringa oleifera seed induced a remarkable decrease in the levels of glucose and HbA1c, with accompanying increases in the levels of leptin and adiponectin. Furthermore, the use of Moringa oleifera seed increased vitamin D and inorganic phosphorus levels with concomitant decreases in the levels of osteoprotegerin and serum total calcium. These results show that consumption of Moringa oleifera seeds has a hypoglycemic effect, improving bone function markers and increasing adipokine levels in diabetic patients by improving biochemical indicators.
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Hernández, Ernesto Almora, Nabila Figueredo Moreno, Susana Matos Oliveros, Vivian Lago Abascal, and Efraín Rodríguez Jiménez. "Benefits of the Moringa oleifera seed husk as bran for human consumption." International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine 17, no. 1 (2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/ijcam.2024.17.00675.
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Bran is the husk of cereals, crushed by grinding. It is a food that helps improving different symptoms, mainly for the digestive system. Moringa oleifera Lam. It is a plant with a high nutritional value, so the use of Moringa seed husk was evaluated for human consumption and for strengthening foods by producing bran. To characterize the Moringa seed husk for human consumption as bran and emphasize its benefits to health. The bran was produced by grinding Moringa oleifera Lam. seed husks with a sieve of 2.0mm. The proximal composition was made by infrared near spectrocospy. The determination of minerals and metals was done by the method PT-AQ-23 and moisture by the gravimetric method. The bran from Moringa seed husks, allowed to have a product with soft powder characteristics and a slightly sandy feel, of beige color with brown tips, discreetly bitter and fresh wood odor. From the nutritional point of view, it contributed the following compounds: fiber protein, starch and fat; everything comparable or superior to the contents in other bran of wheat, rice, oat and barley, among others. The bran from Moringa seed husk is a highly beneficial product for digestive health due to the quantity of fiber it provides, the high nutritional value of its other properties.
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Nora, Fitrisia, Marhadi, Endi Adriansyah, et al. "Tofu Wastewater Treatment Using Biocoagulant Moringa Seed Powder (Moringa Oleifera L)." International Journal of Research in Vocational Studies (IJRVOCAS) 3, no. 3 (2023): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.53893/ijrvocas.v3i3.211.
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Indonesia has various types of vegetation which are used as natural coagulants or biocoagulants. Coagulants can be divided into chemical coagulants and natural coagulants (biocoagulants). Biocoagulants are more environmentally friendly and can be obtained from natural ingredients, both animals and plants, one of which is Moringa seeds. Moringa seeds or with the Latin name Moringa oleifera are a type of plant from the Moringaceae family. From several previous studies, Moringa seeds were used as a more economical and environmentally friendly wastewater treatment method. Moringa seed biocoagulant in powder form is made from ripe and old moringa seeds and contains less than 10% water. Moringa seed biocoagulant contains 4αL-rhamnosyloxy-benzylisothiocyanate and is a determinant of coagulation effectiveness. This active substance is able to absorb pollutants in waste water. This research aims to treat tofu waste with moringa seed biocoagulant in reducing pollutant parameters, namely TSS (Total Suspended Solid) and COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). Results of the removal of pollutants from moringa seed powder biocoagulant in tofu waste water the efficiency value obtained for each TSS parameter, and the COD for the TSS parameter is 54.4%. and for the COD parameter of 14.6%, it can be concluded that the efficiency value for each parameter still does not meet the effectiveness value.
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Nurilma, Vidia Nisa, M. Masykuri, and Prabang Setyono. "Treatment of Hospital Wastewater Using Combination of Ozone Technology With CaO and Moringa Seed (Moringa oleifera)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1165, no. 1 (2023): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1165/1/012031.
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Abstract The ozonation process has been widely used as an alternative in hospital waste water treatment because of ozone as a strong oxidizing agent which is effective in degrading unsaturated pollutant bonds, as well as breaking down complex organics. Combination of Ozone, CaO, and Moringa seed (Moringa oleifera) as alternative technology has functions to reduce BOD and COD in hospital wastewater. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness application of ozone technology combined with CaO and Moringa seed. The ozonation contact time was 45 minutes, CaO concentration 4% at 3 ml/l, 2 g/l in Moringa seed, and combination of CaO and Moringa seed (v/w) of 1.5:1. This type of research is a quantitative research based pure experimental method with pretest-posttest design on a laboratory scale. Samples used by hospital Bung Karno, Surakarta, Central Java. The results showed at ozone levels of 0.058 - 0.064 g/hour combined with CaO and Moringa seed (v/w) 1.5:1 was able to produce an effective reduction BOD levels by 56.00% and the effectiveness of reducing COD levels to 63.57%. Univariate analysis showed that there was an effect on the COD and BOD parameters were significantly different with p-value < 0.05 using ozonation treatment combined with CaO:Moringa seed (v/w) 1.5:1. The mean result of COD level after treatment was 156.47 + 2.11 mg/l and BOD level after treatment was 47.42 + 1.81 mg/l.
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Wajid, H. A., A. A. Alderfasi, I. Afzal, et al. "Evaluating the Potential Effect of Seed Priming Techniques in Improving Germination and Root Shoot Length of Maize Seed." Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova 51, no. 2 (2018): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cerce-2018-0011.
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Abstract The present research was conducted under laboratory conditions. The purpose of research was to investigate the potential of priming with press mud, peat moss, sand, gunny bags, compost, farm yard manure and moringa leaf extract (MLE) on seedling growth and germination capacity of maize seed. Untreated or non-primed seeds were used as a control treatment. Priming treatments improved germination capacity, stand establishment and seedling vigor, compared with control. Priming with moringa leaf extract enhance germination and seedling vigor of maize seed, compared with the control and other seed primed treatments. In moringa leaf extract primed seeds, root and shoot growth was improved. Overall, moringa leaf extract primed maize seeds performed better than all other treatments and it could be related by seedling vigor enhancement and lowering the mean germination time, due to imbibition of higher quantity of water and earlier enzymatic activity. The results propose that moringa leaf extract priming treatment had the potential to enhance germination, stand establishment and early growth of maize seeds.
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Hayuningtyas, I. R., A. N. Al Hafidl, A. M. Qoyimmah, et al. "Assessing solvent impact on Moringa oleifera seed cake nutrition: towards sustainable food and feed production." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1356, no. 1 (2024): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1356/1/012015.
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Abstract Moringa oleifera seed cake, a byproduct of oil extraction, represents a valuable resource for animal and human nutrition. However, solvent selection during extraction significantly influences the cake’s composition. This study aims to evaluates Moringa seed cakes extracted with ethanol, methanol, and hexane, employing proximate analysis, metal content assessment, and microbial testing. The drying process involved hexane seed cake at 55°C, and ethanol and methanol cakes at 70°C for one hour. Proximate analysis indicates that all seed cakes surpass quality standards (SNI, 3571-2009) for ash and crude protein. Hexane seed cake, distinguished by the highest ash (6.4972%) and crude protein (42.1169%), is identified as suitable for bakery and snacks, featuring optimal calcium (0.9697%) and minimal crude fiber (1.9386%), aligning with chicken feed standards (SNI, 8173.2:2015). Methanol seed cake, rich in crude fat (15.7618%) and calories (6549.89 Kcal/Kg), proves suitable for fishery feed. Ethanol seed cake, abundant in crude fiber (30.0319%), is advantageous for calf feed and serves as a foundational ingredient in bakery and snacks. Metal content and microbial contamination adhere to Indonesian standards (SNI, 3751-2009) and (SNI, 3148.2:2009), solidifying Moringa seed cake as a viable alternative across diverse applications.
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Cuevas-Rodríguez, Edith Oliva, Liliana León-López, Yudith Escobar-Zúñiga, Jorge Milán-Carrillo, Dulce María Domínguez-Arispuro, and Roberto Gutiérrez-Dorado. "Chemical proximate composition, antinutritional factors content, and antioxidant capacity of anatomical seed fractions of Moringa oleifera." Acta Universitaria 30 (November 4, 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.15174/au.2020.2892.
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For rational use of moringa seeds and its anatomical fractions (kernel, shells, and wings), the objective of the present investigation was to analyze their chemical composition, antinutritional factors content, and antioxidant capacity. The seed kernel fraction represents 71.78% of the whole seed weight and possesses high contents of protein (32.19%) and lipids (38.72%), whereas seed shells and wings fractions are mainly composed of dietary fiber and carbohydrates. Phytate was the most abundant antinutritional factor detected in all fractions (604.0 mg PAE/100 g-1674.9 mg PAE/100 g), followed by total phenolics (218.5 mg GAE/100 g-386.9 mg GAE/100 g) and saponins (130.4 mg DE/100 g-197.4 mg DE/100 g). Moringa seeds fractions showed a high antioxidant capacity. The kernel fraction exerts the highest activity (15 251.90 μmol TE/100g), followed by shells (8 499.50 μmol TE/100g) and wings (5 878.90 μmol TE/100g). Moringa seed kernel fraction seems to be a promising source of protein. All anatomical seed fractions of moringa are a reservoir of dietary fiber and antioxidants.
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Madhuri B. Fernando, W., and Thayamini Seran. "Effect of compost with banana peel and Moringa leaf powders on seed yield and yield components of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek)." Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade 68, no. 2 (2023): 171–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jas2302171f.
Full textAbstract:
The one-factor experiment was carried out in 2019-2020 at the University farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Eastern University, Sri Lanka to study the effect of compost with banana peel and Moringa leaf powders on seed yield and crop residue of green gram (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek). It was laid out in a complete randomized design with eight replicates and the following treatments: T1 - control (100 g of compost alone), T2 - 100 g of compost + 9 g of banana peel, T3 - 100 g of compost + 6 g of banana peel + 3 g of Moringa leaf, T4 - 100 g of compost + 4.5 g of banana peel + 4.5 g of Moringa leaf, T5 - 100 g of compost + 3 g of banana peel + 6 g of Moringa leaf and T6 - 100 g of compost + 9 g Moringa of leaf powder per polybag (0.07 m2). The results showed that the application of compost with 4.5 g of banana peel and 4.5 g of Moringa leaf powders (T4) produced remarkable changes in the number of pods per plant, pod weight per plant, seed weight per plant, pod yield and seed yield than the other treatments. At the harvest, treatment T4 had the highest value (1,587.1 kg/ha) of seed yield, and treatment T1 gave the lowest value (906.1 kg/ha). The present study suggests that the application of 100 g (equivalent to 14.3 t/ha) of compost with 9 g (equivalent to 1.3 t/ha) of banana peel and Moringa leaf powders at a 1:1 (w/w) ratio would result in optimum seed yield of green gram in sandy regosol. The combined application of locally available banana peel and Moringa leaf powders could be used with compost for increasing the seed yield of green gram with less environmental impact.