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1
Mani, Bakirathi, and Latha Varadarajan. "“The Largest Gathering of the Global Indian Family”: Neoliberalism, Nationalism, and Diaspora at Pravasi Bharatiya Divas." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 14, no. 1 (March 2005): 45–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.14.1.45.
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On 9 January 2003, more than 2,000 people from around the world arrived in New Delhi to participate in an event that was touted as the “largest gathering of the global Indian family.” Banners prominently displaying the Indian tricolor lined the roads leading to the convention site, superimposed with the slogan “Welcome Back, Welcome Home.” Surrounded by intense media attention, India’s prime minister, Atal Behari Vajpayee, inaugurated Pravasi Bharatiya Divas, proclaiming that this event commemorated the “Day of Indians Abroad.” Over the next three days, in the midst of the coldest winter Delhi had experienced in years, the Indian government and the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI) spent twenty-two crore rupees (US$49 million) on lectures, seminars, trade exhibition booths, lavish amounts of food and drink, and spectacular stage shows featuring Bollywood actors. Advertised widely on the Web and in the Indian news media, Pravasi Bharatiya Divas was the first government-sponsored event that brought together Indians in India with representatives of the nearly 20 million Indians who live overseas.
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Lubinski, Christina. "Global Trade and Indian Politics: The German Dye Business in India before 1947." Business History Review 89, no. 3 (2015): 503–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007680515000707.
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This article analyzes the German dye business in India before 1947 as an example of expanding German-Indian commercial relationships. German dye manufacturers showed great interest in India's economic potential in the absence of discriminatory tariffs, while Indian elites were interested in non-British Western partners, which could support their struggle for industrial self-reliance. This particular alignment of interests facilitated cooperation and shows that the so-called European experience is more diverse than research has shown so far. The analysis highlights global trading networks beyond the political boundaries of formal empire and offers an alternative perspective on Indian business history, which reveals more competition between multinationals of different origins and more strategic choices available to Indians.
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Panwar, Janhavi, and Rekha Mahajan. "Imposition of English in India and Its Complexities." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 11 (November 30, 2022): 1733–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.47710.
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Abstract: Owing to Britain’s colonization and American globalization, English has become the most common medium of communication among most Indians. Since India’s independence in 1947, English has been staying as the language of an elite class, a medium of higher education especially legal terms, and technical terminology. English acts as a lingua franca in the Indian multilingual society. Since India’s Independence, British English has had a perennial effect on the Indian education system. Moreover, international pop culture has exerted an American influence on youngsters’ English accents tremendously. By incorporating the information regarding the differences and similarities between British and Indian English; American and Indian English from distinctive research papers, a few books, and a Qualitative method has been used aiming at the thorough investigation of the intricacies of Indian English as well as the in-depth variations of accents and influences. Above all, the paper concentrates on the characteristics of Indian English and its evolution by discussing the influences of British and American accents and a comparative study of various phonemes in three distinct accents (Indian, British, and American phonetics). Subsequently, the main focus is how English has upsurged in India over the years. To recapitulate, the research has resulted in emphasizing that British English is far more pragmatic than American English.
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Mallampalli, Chandra. "Escaping the Grip of Personal Law in Colonial India: Proving Custom, Negotiating Hindu-ness." Law and History Review 28, no. 4 (October 4, 2010): 1043–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248010000763.
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Postcolonial perspectives on India's past have tended to focus on representations, which served the purpose of colonial domination. The view, for instance, that Indian society is fundamentally constituted by caste or religion legitimated the supposedly secular or neutral system of governance introduced by the British. Building upon Edward Said's Orientalism (1978), scholars have suggested that some of our most widely held assumptions about Indian society were more rooted in an imperial worldview than in real social experiences of Indians. The attempt of colonial administrators to understand and govern India through the study of ancient texts formed the basis of an Indian variety of Orientalism. How colonial courts deployed this text-based knowledge in relation to the actual practices of religious “communities” is the central focus of this essay.
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Timmerman, Nicholas A. "Contested Indigenous Landscapes: Indian Mounds and the Political Creation of the Mythical “Mound Builder” Race." Ethnohistory 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00141801-7888741.
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Abstract Between 1790 and 1840, a constructed belief system arose arguing that the numerous Indian mounds were constructed by a separate, more “civilized” “Mound Builder” race. The multiple Mound Builder myths corresponded with a rising nationalism and romanticism in the United States that posited an ancient connection to the Old World. These myths reflected contemporary racial perceptions of American Indians, thus denying American Indian’s ownership of the land and their rightful place in history. Furthermore, the histories of the mounds serve as a modern-day warning against nationalism and pseudo-history for political purposes.
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SIEGEL, BENJAMIN. "‘Self-Help which Ennobles a Nation’: Development, citizenship, and the obligations of eating in India's austerity years." Modern Asian Studies 50, no. 3 (November 20, 2015): 975–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x14000493.
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AbstractIn the years immediately following independence, India's political leadership, assisted by a network of civic organizations, sought to transform what, how, and how much Indians ate. These campaigns, this article argues, embodied a broader post-colonial project to reimagine the terms of citizenship and development in a new nation facing enduring scarcity. Drawing upon wartime antecedent, global ideologies of population and land management, and an ethos of austerity imbued with the power to actualize economic self-reliance, the new state urged its citizens to give up rice and wheat, whose imports sapped the nation of the foreign currency needed for industrial development. In place of these staples, India's new citizens were asked to adopt ‘substitute’ and ‘subsidiary’ foods—including bananas, groundnuts, tapioca, yams, beets, and carrots—and give up a meal or more each week to conserve India's scant grain reserves. And as Indian planners awaited the possibility of fundamental agricultural advance and agrarian reform, they looked to food technology and the promise of ‘artificial rice’ as a means of making up for India's perennial food deficit. India's women, as anchors of the household—and therefore, the nation—were tasked with facilitating these dietary transformations, and were saddled with the blame when these modernist projects failed. Unable to marshal the resources needed to undertake fundamental agricultural reform, India's planners placed greater faith in their ability to exercise authority over certain aspects of Indian citizenship itself, tying the remaking of practices and sentiments to the reconstruction of a self-reliant national economy.
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Momin, Shabana, and Shailesh K. Dwived. "Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs): A Scheme for Transforming the Agricultural Sector of India." Advancement in Management and Technology 04, no. 04 (2024): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46977/apjmt.2024.v04i04.002.
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India is well-known for being the "Land of Villages." About 65 percent of India's people live in villages (according to World Bank). Agriculture and activities related to agriculture are their main occupations. As the largest and most significant sector of our economy, agriculture employs more than 70% of Indians. The Indian economy is heavily dependent on agriculture. The aim of the study is to address the present scenario of the agriculture sector in India. To gain knowledge about government initiatives and plans for the extension of agriculture, as well as the role that agriculture plays in the Indian economy. In this study, secondary sources of data were used. The information has been gathered from agricultural department journals, periodicals, publications, etc. This study reached the conclusion that the government of India initiates several plans for growth and supports agriculture and the allied sector. Through government support, agriculture and the allied sector contributed a huge portion of GVA in Indian economy.
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Momin, Shabana, and Shailesh K. Dwivedi. "Farmer Producer Organizations (FPOs): A Scheme for Transforming the Agricultural Sector of India." Advancement in Management and Technology 04, no. 04 (2024): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.46977/amt.2024.v04i04.002.
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India is well-known for being the "Land of Villages." About 65 percent of India's people live in villages (according to World Bank). Agriculture and activities related to agriculture are their main occupations. As the largest and most significant sector of our economy, agriculture employs more than 70% of Indians. The Indian economy is heavily dependent on agriculture. The aim of the study is to address the present scenario of the agriculture sector in India. To gain knowledge about government initiatives and plans for the extension of agriculture, as well as the role that agriculture plays in the Indian economy. In this study, secondary sources of data were used. The information has been gathered from agricultural department journals, periodicals, publications, etc. This study reached the conclusion that the government of India initiates several plans for growth and supports agriculture and the allied sector. Through government support, agriculture and the allied sector contributed a huge portion of GVA in Indian economy.
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Kant, Joanita M., Wiyaka His Horse Is Thunder, Suzette R. Burckhard, and Richard T. Meyers. "Why Don’t More American Indians Become Engineers in South Dakota?" International Journal of Engineering, Social Justice, and Peace 4 (December 31, 2015): 17–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ijesjp.v4i1-2.5992.
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American Indians are among the most under-represented groups in the engineering profession in the United States. With increasing interest in diversity, educators and engineers seek to understand why. Often overlooked is simply asking enrolled tribal members of prime college age, “Why don’t more American Indians become engineers?” and “What would it take to attract more?” In this study, we asked these questions and invited commentary about what is needed to gain more engineers from the perspectives of enrolled tribal members from South Dakota, with some of the most poverty-stricken reservations in the nation. Overall, results indicated that the effects of poverty and the resulting survival mentality among American Indians divert attention from what are understood to be privileged pursuits such as engineering education. The study’s findings indicated American Indian interviewees perceived the need for consistent attention to the following issues: 1) amelioration of poverty; 2) better understanding of what engineering is and its tribal relevancy; 3) exposure to engineering with an American Indian cultural emphasis in K-12 schools; 4) presence of role-model engineers in their daily lives; 5) encouragement and support from their peers, families, teachers, Elders, and tribal governments to value science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education, particularly engineering fields; and (6) the embedded perceptions of math as a barrier to engineering studies.
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Herrick, Rebekah. "The Gender Gaps in Identity and Political Attitudes among American Indians." Politics & Gender 14, no. 2 (January 2, 2018): 186–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743923x17000344.
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While there is much research examining gender gaps in political attitudes, there is less examining how gender gaps differ within social groups. This article helps fill that void by examining gender gaps among American Indians. Using two surveys, the initial findings suggest that among American Indians, women have a stronger American Indian identity, are more likely to support women's/compassion issues, and are more likely to be Democrats. It further finds that the gender gap in party is more likely the result of the gender gap in compassion issues than in American Indian identity. Additional analysis finds that among American Indians who prioritize their American Indian identity, the partisan gender gap is reversed, with men being significantly more likely to be Democrats. Although this study finds some similarities between the gaps among American Indians and whites, it also finds some unique gaps among American Indians. This suggests the need to look at the intersectionality of gender and social groups to fully understand the gender gaps.
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Rosenthal, Nicolas G. "Repositioning Indianness: Native American Organizations in Portland, Oregon, 1959––1975." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 415–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.3.415.
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This article examines the processes of community building among American Indians who migrated to Portland, Oregon, in the decades following World War II, contextualized within a larger movement of Indians to the cities of the United States and shifts in government relations with Indian people. It argues that, during the 1960s, working-and middle-class Indians living in Portland came together and formed groups that enabled them to cultivate "Indianness" or to "be Indian" in the city. As the decade wore on, Indian migration to Portland increased, the social problems of urban Indians became more visible, and a younger generation emerged to challenge the leadership of Portland's established Indian organizations. Influenced by both their college educations and a national Indian activist movement, these new leaders promoted a repositioning of Indianness, taking Indian identity as the starting point from which to solve urban Indian problems. By the mid-1970s, the younger generation of college-educated Indians gained a government mandate and ascended to the helm of Portland's Indian community. In winning support from local, state, and federal officials, these leaders reflected fundamental changes under way in the administration of U.S. Indian affairs not only in Portland, but also across the country.
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Nandy, Ashis. "Time Travel to a Possible Self: Searching for the Alternative Cosmopolitanism of Cochin." Japanese Journal of Political Science 1, no. 2 (November 2000): 295–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109900002061.
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Cochin or Kochi is one of the few cities in India where the precolonial traditions of cultural pluralism refuse to die. It is one of the largest natural harbours in India and has also become, during the last fifty years, a major centre of the Indian Navy. With the growing security consciousness in official India, it has recently become less accessible to non-Indians, particularly if they happen to be from one of the countries with which India''s relationship is tense. Few mind that, for the city no longer means much to the outside world. To Indians, too, except probably for the more historically conscious Malayalis, Cochin is no longer the ‘epitome of adventure’ it was to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi or a crucible of cultures, as it is to its former mayor, K. J. Sohan. For most, it is now one of those regional cities not quite up to the standard of India's major metropolitan centres.
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Cao, Yongrong, Hsin-Che Wu, and Min-Hua Huang. "Cognitive Explanations of Indian Perceptions of China." Asian Survey 61, no. 2 (March 2021): 324–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/as.2021.61.2.324.
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In recent years, the economic development of China and India and their border confrontations have intensified bilateral strategic competition. This study used the State of Democracy in South Asia survey to identify dual mindsets of competition and contingency that drive how Indians perceive China’s influence in Asia. These two mindsets are based on a cognitive schema characterized by a political predisposition against China. However, this negative orientation is moderated as more information is acquired regarding the impact of China on India. The competition mindset does not always manifest itself, and is only cognitively activated when a change is perceived in India’s power status. On the other hand, the contingent principle appears whenever competition seems to have abated, or disadvantage seems unavoidable. The mindsets of competition and contingency are not only relevant to the evolution of Sino–Indian relations, but also explain how Indian policymakers behave and respond in international society.
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Fernandez Perez, Claudia, Kevin Xi, Aditya Simha, Nilay S. Shah, Robert J. Huang, Latha Palaniappan, Sukyung Chung, et al. "Leading causes of death in Asian Indians in the United States (2005–2017)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): e0271375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271375.
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Objective Asian Indians are among the fastest growing United States (US) ethnic subgroups. We characterized mortality trends for leading causes of death among foreign-born and US-born Asian Indians in the US between 2005–2017. Study design and setting Using US standardized death certificate data, we examined leading causes of death in 73,470 Asian Indians and 20,496,189 non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) across age, gender, and nativity. For each cause, we report age-standardized mortality rates (AMR), longitudinal trends, and absolute percent change (APC). Results We found that Asian Indians’ leading causes of death were heart disease (28% mortality males; 24% females) and cancer (18% males; 22% females). Foreign-born Asian Indians had higher all-cause AMR compared to US-born (AMR 271 foreign-born, CI 263–280; 175.8 US-born, CI 140–221; p<0.05), while Asian Indian all-cause AMR was lower than that of NHWs (AMR 271 Indian, CI 263–278; 754.4 NHW, CI 753.3–755.5; p<0.05). All-cause AMR increased for foreign-born Asian Indians over time, while decreasing for US-born Asian Indians and NHWs. Conclusions Foreign-born Asian Indians were 2.2 times more likely to die of heart disease and 1.6 times more likely to die of cancer. Asian Indian male AMR was 49% greater than female on average, although AMR was consistently lower for Asian Indians when compared to NHWs.
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Trifunović-Ćapin, Selena. "British influence on Indian culture in the mirror of comparative literary translation." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 65, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 787–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.00127.tri.
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Abstract Society and culture are interdependent. Religion, as an important factor of culture, offers its desired behaviour patterns. Art always follows society and is always a part of culture. One nation’s culture can potentially be influenced by another’s. In this paper, I have analysed the causes and consequences of the British influence on Indian culture, dating from the sixteenth century till India’s independence in 1947. British influence is present in India’s general culture, architecture, education system, sport, traffic, bureaucracy, fashion, infrastructure, etc. The indisputably significant British influence on the Indian lifestyle is proved by the fact that the English language is accepted as an official language in the Republic of India. Are the consequences, at large, bad or good? – It will probably always be an open issue for discussion. In her collection of stories Interpreter of Maladies (1999), Jhumpa Lahiri explores and analyses various topics related to the lives of Indian Americans. She describes and faithfully depicts their lives, both in India and outside their native country. The paper also shows her filigree-precise sense of the reality and feelings of Indians who are in the process of acculturation in other countries, as well as their personal and collective struggle with their own identity and the sense of displacement. The transparency theory, advocating free translation, is focused on the equivalency concepts both formal and dynamic, which will be analysed and illustrated in more detail in the paper.
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Bhagavatula, Suresh, Ram Mudambi, and Johann Peter Murmann. "Innovation and Entrepreneurship in India: An Overview." Management and Organization Review 15, no. 03 (September 2019): 467–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mor.2019.52.
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ABSTRACTIndia began the process of market liberalization that opened it to significant interactions with the world economy in 1991. In this essay, we provide an overarching view of the country's journey toward integration with the global innovation and entrepreneurship network. Major nodes in this global network have two major components that may be metaphorically referred to as ‘pillars and ivy’. Globally connected multinational enterprises (MNEs) form the pillars. Agile startups are the ivy, and their success (metaphorically, the height to which they can climb) depends on their symbiotic connections with the pillar MNEs. Both components are essential and reinforce each other. Without MNEs, the scaling of startups is hampered. Without a vibrant population of startups, MNEs’ interest in a location remains driven by cost, rather than capability and creativity. MNEs (mainly foreign) provided the initial sparks for the formation of the Indian innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem. We chart the subsequent growth of India's startups. They began in the information technology (IT) sector but now cover a much wider range of industries. Today, India's innovation and entrepreneurship ecosystem is one of the largest in the world, with global integration in terms of technology, financing, human capital, and administration.
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Vayed, Goolam. "Natal's Indians, the Empire and the South African War, 1899-1902." New Contree 45 (September 25, 1999): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v45i0.449.
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Most early scholars of the South African War focussed almost entirely on the struggle between Afrikaner nationalism and British imperialism in which the role of Blacks was seen as irrelevant. By focussing on Indians, a little-studied group, this micro-study will contribute to the ongoing process of providing a more complete picture of the war years. It seeks to address why Indians, who were subject to oppression by English-speaking whites, volunteered on the side of Britain, the active and non-combatant roles they played in the war, the losses they suffered and the impact of the Indian role to the overall situation. Indians were clearly divided along class lines and these divisions were perpetuated during the war in terms of the manner in which Indians were recruited, their role in the war and their treatment at the conclusion of the war. Indians supported the British because India was part of the British empire and they felt that this would give them added leverage in their dealings with the British imperial authorities. The undisguised hostility of the Boer Republics towards them also influenced their decision. Under Gandhi's prodding, Indians contributed financially and also formed an ambulance bearer corps, which served between December 1899 and March 1900 under extremely difficult conditions. A grossly understudied area is the plight of Indian refugees from areas of Indian concentration such as Johannesburg, Pretoria, Newcastle, Ladysmith, Dundee, Colenso and Kimberley. Most refugees sought refuge with friends and family in Natal even though the Natal Government tried to prevent them coming. The invading Boers had no clear policy on what to do with Indians in Northern Natal. In most cases they arrested Indians for several weeks but then released them. Boers also used Indians as cooks and cleaners. Indian traders suffered heavy losses as their shops were looted by the invading Boers as well as by British soldiers and ordinary Indian, white and African civilians. The DTC failed to assist the 4 000 Indian refugees in Durban. Durban's Indians had to feed, clothe and support Indian refugees. While Gandhi and the NIC chose to be loyal instead of exploiting the space created by the war to challenge the Government, their loyalty went unrewarded. The Governments of Natal and Transvaal imposed further anti-Indian legislation and the position of Indians deteriorated in the post-war years as the foundation was laid for a modern South Africa based on white racial supremacy. Indians became part of a South Africa whose destiny was shaped by the war. The shapers of this new South Africa were Boer leaders like Botha and Smuts who remembered all too well that Indians had sided with the British.
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Green, Nile. "The Trans-Border Traffic of Afghan Modernism: Afghanistan and the Indian “Urdusphere”." Comparative Studies in Society and History 53, no. 3 (June 30, 2011): 479–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417511000223.
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In October 1933, two motorcars drove out of Peshawar towards the Khyber Pass carrying a small delegation of Indian Muslims summoned to meet the Afghan ruler Nadir Shah in Kabul. While Nadir Shah had officially invited the travelers to discuss the expansion of the fledgling university founded a year earlier in Kabul, the Indians brought with them a wealth of experience of the wider world and a vision of the leading role within it of Muslim modernists freed of Western dominance. Small as it was, the delegation could hardly have been more distinguished: it comprised Sir Muhammad Iqbal (1877–1938), the celebrated philosopher and poet; Sir Ross Mas‘ud (1889–1937), the former director of public instruction in Hyderabad and vice-chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University; and Sayyid Sulayman Nadwi (1884–1953), the distinguished biographer and director of the Dar al-Musannifin academy at Azamgarh. The three were traveling to Kabul at the peak of their fame; they were not only famous in individual terms but also represented India's major Muslim movements and institutions of the previous and present generations. Ross Mas‘ud, grandson of the great Muslim modernist Sir Sayyid Ahmad Khan (1817–1898), had fifteen years earlier been the impresario behind the foundation of Osmania University in the princely state of Hyderabad. A decade earlier, Sulayman Nadwi, the heir of the reformist principal of the North Indian Nadwat al-‘Ulama madrasa Shibli Nu‘mani (1857–1914), had been among the leading figures of the pan-Islamist, Khilafat struggle to save the Ottoman caliphate. And eighteen months earlier, Muhammad Iqbal had represented India's Muslims at the Round Table Conference in London that would shape India's route to independence.
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Buckley, Apanakhi. "American Indians fitting into Medical School." Australian Journal of Indigenous Education 27, no. 2 (December 1999): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1326011100600522.
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This paper describes a qualitative study of how indigenous people experience medical school in the United States. Nine American Indians and Alaska Natives participated in the study: five women and four men. They came from eight different tribes, but they have asked me to protect their confidentiality, so I will not identify their tribes. Their ages ranged from 27 to 39. Five of them had children. Two of them were unmarried.In the United States, the need for indigenous physicians is great. Twice as many American Indians die from homicide and suicide as non-Indians in the United States (Wallace, Kirk, Houston, Amnest, and Emrich, 1993); three times as many die from accidents and more than four times as many die from alcoholism (Indian Health Service, 1996). Diabetes is rampant among American Indians and Alaska Natives. Women are the hardest hit (Gilliland, Gilliland, and Carter; 1997). More than five times as many American Indian and Alaska Native women die from diabetes than non-Latina white women.
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Deloria, Philip J. "AMERICAN MASTER NARRATIVES AND THE PROBLEM OF INDIAN CITIZENSHIP IN THE GILDED AGE AND PROGRESSIVE ERA." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 14, no. 1 (December 19, 2014): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781414000504.
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AbstractAmerican Indian people fit poorly into the sweeping stories most commonly told about American history. Puritan-inspired stories of national origins and Turnerian frontier narratives cast Indians as outsiders whose role was to be dispossessed and then disappear. More recent counter-narratives of conquest and of redemptive struggles for citizenship allow Native actors important and autonomous roles, but are also premised on a teleology of assimilation and civil rights that flattens the complexity of Indian uses of U.S. citizenship rights. The history of the Society of American Indians, founded in 1911, shows how the paradox of Indian citizenship is central to stories about the broader sweep of U.S. historical practice.
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Wang, Kejie. "Indian Nationalism and its China Policy." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 24 (December 31, 2023): 222–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/cn7x2t52.
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T In 1994, Dutch scholar Peter van der Veer published Religious Nationalism: Hindus and Muslims in India, which explored the role of religious nationalism in Indian politics. Before that, religious nationalism was widely seen as a secular, religion-based mobilisation of communities, rather than a trend of thought with broad political implications. India's religious nationalism is politicized, and Modi describes himself more as a religious leader than a political leader in the process of governing and propaganda. After Modi became Prime minister, Indian religious nationalism has become the main political trend in India, and this top-down approach to Indian nationalism has also influenced India's diplomatic strategy towards China. The core question discussed in this paper is whether India's diplomatic attitude towards China will lead to a deadlock in Sino-Indian relations and bring security crisis to the two countries. This article will discuss India's new challenges to peace from a number of perspectives. What are the roots of Indian nationalism, what problems does Indian nationalism bring to Sino-Indian relations, and the future of Sino-Indian relations? India's religious nationalism has a profound impact on its foreign policy. Instead of secularization, Indian nationalism largely combines theocracy with nationalism, and gives birth to Hindu nationalism centered on Hinduism. The rise of such religious nationalism and the implementation of such policies will push China-India relations to a dangerous edge.
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Kumar, Manish. "Crop Recommendation Predictor using Machine Learning for Big Data." International Journal of Engineering Research in Computer Science and Engineering 9, no. 8 (August 6, 2022): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ijercse/09.08.art013.
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Agriculture is India's rural population's livelihood. It's also essential for human existence, and it's developed over time to suit the demands of an ever-growing human population. Agriculture is their main source of income in rural area of India. Agriculture is the primary employment of the majority of Indians, as we all know. The majority of Indians rely on agriculture for their living, either openly or implicitly. The great majority of Indian farmers trust on their intuition to determine which crop to plant in a given season. Farmers are accustomed to sowing the same crop, using more fertilizer, and following public opinion. They find comfort in just following historical agricultural traditions and standards, oblivious to the reality that crop yield is highly dependent on current weather, soil, and other variables. The most frequent problem faced by Indian farmers is that they do not select the appropriate crop based on their soil requirements and other factors such as fertilizer s and irrigation patterns. As a result, productivity is impacted. However, a single farmer cannot be expected to take into consideration all of the numerous elements that influence crop development before deciding which one to plant. This problem can be efficiently addressed with machine learning. There have been major advancements in how machine learning may be employed in many businesses and studies during the last several years. As a result, we intend to develop a model/system that will allow machine learning to be utilised in agriculture to benefit farmers.
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FULLER, C. J., and HARIPRIYA NARASIMHAN. "Information Technology Professionals and the New-Rich Middle Class in Chennai (Madras)." Modern Asian Studies 41, no. 1 (December 11, 2006): 121–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x05002325.
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Since 1991, when the policy of economic liberalisation began in earnest, the size and prosperity of India's middle class have grown considerably. Yet sound sociological and ethnographic information about its social structure and cultural values is still sparse, and as André Béteille (2003a: 75) comments: ‘Everything or nearly everything that is written about the Indian middle class is written by middle-class Indians…[who] tend to oscillate between self-recrimination and self-congratulation’ (cf. Béteille 2003b: 185). The former is exemplified by Pavan Varma's The Great Indian Middle Class (1998), which excoriates this class for its selfish materialism and the ‘retreat from idealism’ that was manifest in the smaller, ‘traditional middle class’ of the earlier, post-independence period (ibid.: 89). A good example of the opposite tendency is Gurcharan Das's India Unbound (2002), which celebrates ‘the rise of a confident new middle class’ (ibid.: 280). Das's diagnosis of what has changed is actually very similar to Varma's, but he insists that the new middle class is no ‘greedier’ than the old one, and the ‘chief difference is that there is less hypocrisy and more self-confidence’ (ibid.: 290).
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Dhupelia-Mesthrie, Uma. "South Africa to India." Matatu 52, no. 1 (November 22, 2021): 70–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05201011.
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Abstract This article focuses on the repatriation of Indians from South Africa, first under indentured labour contracts, and then under modified schemes between 1914 and 1975 applicable to all Indians. While the historiography of Indian South Africans prioritises movement of Indians to South Africa, this article is about reverse movement to India. It analyses narratives of repatriation that emerge from official sources in India and South Africa such as statistics, reports of officials in India, petitions and letters from repatriates and observations of public figures. It then shifts focus to a Cape-based immigration archive that focuses on Cape Town repatriates, thus drawing Cape Town more closely into the scholarly field of Indian Ocean mobilities but also firmly into the historiography of Indian South Africans, hitherto predominantly focussed on the former provinces, Natal and the Transvaal. By bringing Cape Town repatriates into the fuller story, an alternative narrative to the dominant one of coercion and suffering is offered.
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Sandhu, Arti. "Less is more: The paradox of minimalism in contemporary Indian fashion." International Journal of Fashion Studies 9, no. 2 (October 1, 2022): 339–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/infs_00075_1.
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India’s fashion industry experienced spectacular growth in the decades after economic liberalization. The positive outlook brought about by liberalization led to the development of a culture of design built on the backs of textile crafts centred around material excess informed by re-orientalist viewpoints as well as selective references to India’s freedom movement. Most recently, however, a newer generation of designers shunned the visual exuberance that had become the hallmark of Indian couture. Yet even as they refrain from the visual stereotypes made popular by the preceding design fraternity, they continue to foreground Gandhian principles and the sartorial politics of Indian nationalism in their design statements and approach to craftivism. The difference, however, is in the way these are reframed to substantiate the cultural relevance, authenticity and purity of a more minimalist design product. This article closely examines the emergence of such minimalist fashion and highlights the paradoxes that emerge through anti-colonial, pre-colonial and postcolonial references that are evidence of the incomplete nature of the process of decolonization. This article will argue that such ambiguity is a natural outcome of neo-liberal market forces and the realities of creating exclusive luxury fashion while working with crafts in a philanthrocapitalist framework.
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D'Aloisio, L. D., N. Haskey, N. Abulizi, J. Barnett, V. Shetty, U. Bhaumik, M. Ballal, S. Ghosh, and D. Gibson. "A185 A GUT MICROBIOME TRANSITION: THE JOURNEY FROM INDIA TO CANADA." Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 7, Supplement_1 (February 14, 2024): 145–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwad061.185.
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Abstract Background Young Indian immigrants and Indo-Canadians face a significantly higher risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in westernized countries. While the etiology of IBD remains unclear, a gut microbiome that is no longer symbiotic with its host is a key player. However, Indians are underrepresented in microbiome research, therefore we cannot accurately assess the role of their gut microbiome in IBD. To understand why Indians are at a greater risk for IBD in Canada, we must first characterize their gut microbiome. Aims This study explores how immigration to Canada impacts the gut microbiome of Indian populations, potentially elevating their risk to IBD. Methods Stool samples from healthy volunteers (ages 17-53) were collected from Indians in India, Indo-Immigrants, Indo-Canadians, Euro-Canadians and Euro-Immigrants. DNA was extracted for 16S sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform and shotgun sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq platform. Dietary data was processed in ESHA. Results Weighted Unifrac revealed distinct clusters of Indian and Indo-Immigrant samples from the westernized cohorts. The most pronounced difference was between Indian and Euro-Canadians with a pseudo-F value of 49.18 (q = 0.00125). Indian versus Indo-Immigrants resulted in a pseudo-F value of 7.707 (q = 0.00125), and Indian versus Indo-Canadian had a pseudo-F value of 15.95 (q = 0.00125). BugBase estimated a significantly higher stress tolerance in the Indian gut, with Proteobacteria driving this phenotypic prediction. Compared to Euro-Canadians, a significantly higher pathogenic potential was predicted in Indians (pFDR= 1.04e-11) and Indo-Immigrants (pFDR= 1.41e-04), driven mainly from Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Multiple comparisons with LDA revealed Prevotella was over 5 times more abundant in Indians residing in India. The gut microbiome in Indians were also enriched with taxa associated with a plant-based diet. Dietary data showed that 59% of Indians do not consume meat, and they also had the lowest consumption (12% caloric intake) of group 4 ultra-processed food (UPF), whereas the highest consumption of UPF was in Indo-Canadians (61% caloric intake) (pbonf ampersand:003C 0.0001). A frequent trend was observed in Indians living in Canada, which was a reduction in key nutrients including soluble fiber, zinc, iron, and folate, some of which are commonly found in plant-based foods. Conclusions Overall findings reveal that a loss of Prevotella abundance was observed in Indo-Immigrants and Indo-Canadians, which was associated with a reduction in key nutrients that are common to a plant-based diet, indicating a transition away from their traditional diet. Their dietary changes may be a driver to the displacement of Prevotella and other taxa commonly found in the Indian gut microbiome. Funding Agencies NSERC, Killam
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Shavlay, Ellina P. "India’s Semicondactor Policy Amidst Geopolitical Turbulence." Vostok. Afro-aziatskie obshchestva: istoriia i sovremennost, no. 4 (2023): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s086919080025958-0.
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The article discusses the state of India’s semiconductor and microelectronics policy at the present stage. Today the semiconductor industry is key to the technological progress of any state, and even more so India, which seeks to enter the list of the world's leading powers. Since the mid-20th century, the Indian leadership has been trying to develop science at home, building up human resources in vitally important areas for the country. At the initial stage, the developing state relied on the technology imports, while limiting foreign participation in strategic industries. Yet since the late 1980s and especially since 1991, the government began to liberalize the economy, gradually removing previous restrictions on foreign investment and actively engaging in international cooperation in the most promising areas. Modi's coming to power marked a new period of Indian innovation development. The coronavirus pandemic as well as the growing geopolitical standoff between the US and China, have provided additional incentive to India’s industrialization in critical fields, including semiconductors. In turn, the establishment of a Semiconductor Mission in 2022 and the measures introduced by the government should help strengthen the country's technological sovereignty. As the study shows, the late start of reforms and the country’s catching-up development will prevent India from becoming globally competitive. In the short run, the only two promising sectors are chip design and assembly, testing, marking and packaging; while in other fields, Indians are likely to expand the geography of both fabless and production complexes, though limiting themselves to meeting the state’s basic needs.
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Schneider, Khal. "A Square Deal in Lake County: Anderson v. Mathews (1917), California Indian Communities, and Indian Citizenship." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 18, no. 03 (July 2019): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781419000069.
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AbstractIn 1917, California's Supreme Court upheld the Eastern Pomo man Ethan Anderson's right to vote. The court recognized that Anderson lived and worked like his white neighbors and, most importantly, did not live in “tribal relations” and was subject to local jurisdiction. But Anderson, his lawyers, the opposing counsel, and the court never denied that he was a member of an Indian community. In fact, local authorities and the federal government had long acknowledged that Indian communities existed in Lake County, and they had both legitimized small Indian community landholdings as the homes of self-sufficient Indian laborers. Now, as Indian citizenship seemed to signal to local and federal authorities more claims on the state, both denied responsibility for those communities. Although citizenship seemed to stand as the categorical opposite of “Indians, not taxed,” Anderson's vindicated voting rights was not an end point of a successful program of assimilation, but one aspect of Indians’ ongoing pursuit of community security through their engagements with local and federal authorities.
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Narayanamurthy, Gopalakrishnan, and Vijay Pereira. "Indian Railways: rail ways for Indians." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 6, no. 1 (April 29, 2016): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-07-2015-0154.
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Subject area Human Resource Management and Public Sector Management. Study level/applicability The target audiences for the case study are BSc, MSc and MBA students and management trainees and executives who are interested in learning the human resource (HR) practices, policies and strategies adopted by the world’s largest commercial employer to ensure complete satisfaction and contentment of their employees and their employee’s family which, in turn, motivates them to contribute more efficiently and effectively for the organisation. Even senior management teams could be targeted in executive education programmes as this case discusses time-tested HR practices, policies and strategies which have been sparsely discussed so far and hence can be expected to provide insights to senior corporate managers. Case overview India has and is undergoing sweeping economic changes lately. There are several organisations that have supported this positive change. Of these, one such organisation, which shouldered the infrastructural burden of the transportation sector in India’s growth story, was the 160-year-old Indian Railways (IR), the world’s largest commercial employer. IR’s profit over the past few years was a far cry from its loss-making days, which tempted the government of India to consider privatisation in 2001. The transformational turnaround would not have been possible but for IR’s employees. After celebrating IR’s 160th anniversary in 2013, the case organisation wished to revisit its HR practices to understand its recent economic transformations and to strategise how they can improve and sustain maximum efficiency in future. The objective of this case study is to understand the “people side” of IR by explaining its current HR practices and to investigate and identify changes over the years so that changes then can be implemented in the context of HR practices for the future. Hence, the case attempts to explain the role of HR management in IR’s turnaround strategies. Resistance exhibited by IR staff towards its recent initiative of enterprise resource planning (ERP) implementation across India due to fear of job losses and insecurity is also discussed in the case. Teaching note for this case study explains existing people management frameworks published in the research literature to class participants by applying it to the case company. In addition, the teaching note also discusses how chief personnel officers (CPOs) of IR can pursue the change initiatives among the employees with least resistance. Changes/initiatives that can be imbibed by the CPOs in the existing HR practices to overcome the resistance exerted by the employees and to improve the existing system are also discussed. Expected learning outcomes This case study’s primary objective is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the HR practices being followed in IR, the world’s largest commercial employer. The case also attempts to assess the ERP system initiative by IR and analyse how it can be imbibed into the existing IR’s HR system. In short, the case study attempts to answer the following assignment questions which form the learning objectives of this case study: What are the HR practices that are being followed in the world’s largest commercial employer? How are the HR practices followed helpful in the retention of employees? How can IR pursue the change initiatives, especially ERP implementation, among the employees without any resistance? What are the changes/initiatives that can be imbibed in the HR practices to improve the existing system? Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 6: Human Resource Management.
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May, Philip A., and James R. Moran. "Prevention of Alcohol Misuse: A Review of Health Promotion Efforts among American Indians." American Journal of Health Promotion 9, no. 4 (March 1995): 288–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-9.4.288.
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Purpose. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of a wide range of potentially useful strategies to address the prevention of alcohol misuse among American Indians. This broad approach to the review is useful because the extreme heterogeneity of the American Indian population requires that health promotion professionals explore many options and tailor their activities to specific communities. Search Method. A literature search was initiated through MEDLINE using the following key words: prevention, alcohol, substance abuse, American Indian, and Native American. The search yielded 29 articles from the years 1982 through 1994. These articles, along with 45 previously identified in three overview articles, form the basis of the review and discussion in this paper. Summary of findings. As a group, American Indians experience many health problems that are related to alcohol misuse. Comparison of Indians to non-Indians shows that the age of first involvement with alcohol is younger, the frequency and amount of drinking is greater, and negative consequences are more common. Health promotion programs that address these issues must take into account American Indian heterogeneity and should use a comprehensive approach that addresses both heavy drinking and the sequelae of problems related to alcohol misuse. Major Conclusions. Important concepts for providing health promotion services to this population are: cultural relevance must be carefully planned and monitored; individuals in the local community must be involved; the drunken Indian stereotype must be addressed; and community empowerment should be an important goal.
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Shaktawat, Divyanshi. "The Effect of Indian Contact and Glaswegian Contact on the Phonetic Backward Transfer of Glaswegian English (L2) on Hindi and Indian English (L1)." Languages 9, no. 4 (March 26, 2024): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages9040118.
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This study examined phonetic backward transfer in ‘Glaswasians’, the ethnolinguistic minority of first-generation bilingual immigrant Indians in Glasgow (Scotland), who present a situation of contact between their native languages of Hindi and Indian English (L1s) and the dominant host language and dialect, Glaswegian English (L2). This was examined in relation to the Revised Speech Learning Model (SLM-r) and Speech Accommodation Framework. These predict that the migrants’ L1 sound categories can either shift to become more Glaswegian-like (‘assimilation’ or ‘convergence’) or exaggeratedly Indian-like (‘dissimilation’ or ‘divergence’) or remain unchanged. The effect of Indian and Glaswegian Contact on transfer was also investigated. Two control groups (Indians and Glaswegians) and the experimental group (Glaswasians) were recorded reading English and Hindi sentences containing multiple phones which were examined for multiple phonetic features (/t/—VOT, /l/—F2-F1 difference, /b d g/—Relative Burst Intensity). In both languages, Glaswasian /t/ and /g/ became more Glaswegian-like (assimilation), whereas F2-F1 difference in /l/ became exaggeratedly Indian-like (dissimilation). Higher Indian Contact was associated with more native-like values in /t/ and /l/ in Hindi but had no influence on /g/. Higher Glaswegian Contact was related to increased assimilation of /g/ in English but had no effect on /l/ and /t/.
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Jegatha, C., and V. Hemavathy. "Effectiveness of health education on behaviour on diabetic care among rural adult diabetic patients -- a pilot analysis." CARDIOMETRY, no. 26 (March 1, 2023): 653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18137/cardiometry.2023.26.653657.
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Diabetes claims the lives of about one million Indians each year. According to the Indian Heart Association, the number of people diagnosed with diabetes in India would rise the most by 2030. The increasing frequency is linked to a combination of genetic vulnerability and the growing middle class in India's adoption of a high-calorie, low-activity lifestyle. Pretest, patients had 7.88behaviour score and in posttest they had 12.00behaviour score, like a result, the average score difference is4.12, difference is huge and it is statistically significant behaviour gain score, The student's paired 't'test was used to determine statistical significance. The relationship between post-test behaviour and patient demographic characteristics. Above primary level educated patients and>10 years duration of illness patients are having more favorable behavior score than others. It was confirmed using chi square test and Yates corrected chi square test. This study concludes by proving the effectiveness of health education on behaviour on diabetic care among diabetic patients
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Lipinski, Teri A. "The role of vocational counseling for the American Indian student." Rural Special Education Quarterly 10, no. 1 (June 1989): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875687058901000105.
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American Indian students have been neglected over the years in educational settings more apparently than other minority groups. Problems resulting from poor basic skills and motivation have placed them at a disadvantage when competing with other people for employment. Moreover, the values conflict between Indian and dominant European-American culture has created acculturation difficulties. Persons knowledgeable regarding the particular problems of Indians are greatly needed in educational and counseling situations to move toward a more fulfilling future for the Indian people. Tapping into the special capabilities of the Indian people can enhance the quality of living for all who share this earth.
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Kulkarni, Vineet, Sukanya Shetty, Roopa Bhandary, Anirban Chakraborty, and Subramanya K. "Role of serum lipoprotein(a) and its gene polymorphisms in cardiovascular burden among Indians: Coincidental association or causal relationship?" Biomedicine 42, no. 6 (December 31, 2022): 1122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.51248/.v42i6.1999.
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The increase in mortality rate due to coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major public concern among Indians. Smoking, obesity, type II diabetes are strong predisposing factors for CAD. However, the incidences of CAD in patients without these classical risk factors point to the need for identifying novel predictive biomarkers of CAD. The epidemiological studies conducted among European, African, Chinese populations, have demonstrated quite convincingly that Lipoprotein(a) is positively correlated with CAD. However, such studies are very few in the Indian context. It has been suggested that serum Lp(a) at levels more than 20mg/dL is independently associated with the risk of CAD among Indians, particularly in the young and immigrant population. Further, CAD subjects with comorbidities tend to have higher serum Lp(a) level compared to CAD subjects without any comorbidities. Genome wide association studies demonstrated that certain SNPs in the Lp (a) encoding gene (LPA), including rs10455872, rs3798220 and rs2266788 are more prevalent among Indians and are found to be strongly associated with CAD complications. Thus, based on the results of limited studies conducted in the Indian population so far, serum Lp(a) appears to be a strong and reliable risk factor for the development of CAD among Indians. However, the role of other factors like serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, homocysteine and CRP also need to be considered in determining CAD risk. The focus in this review is to highlight the recent studies on the role of Lp(a) in cardiovascular diseases in Indian population, particularly in the context of genetic polymorphisms.
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Vincent, Britzer Paul, Gurch Randhawa, and Erica Cook. "Barriers towards deceased organ donation among Indians living globally: an integrative systematic review using narrative synthesis." BMJ Open 12, no. 5 (May 2022): e056094. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056094.
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ObjectivesTo understand the barriers towards deceased organ donation among Indians living globally.DesignIntegrative systematic review using narrative synthesis.Data sourcesCINAHL, Medline full-text, PsycInfo, Scopus, Global Health, Web of Science, and PubMed Central, Indian Journal of Transplantation and Google Scholar.Time period1 January 1994 to 31 December 2021.ParticipantsIndividuals of Indian origin living globally.ResultsEighty-nine studies were included with more than 29 000 participants and quality of the studies were assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute’s critical appraisal tool. Though majority of the participants had knowledge toward organ donation with a positive influence on willingness, the gap between knowledge and willingness was huge, with minimal registration influenced by the complex sociocultural constructs. Various sociocultural constructs such as family, fear and mistrust, religion, and bodily issues play a vital role. Differences were identified in willingness to donate and register between southern and other regions of India. Indian’s organ donation behaviour in other geographical locations differed based on the socioreligious background of the country they lived in such as in Malaysia, Canada and the UK. However, they were collective in decision-making and had complex sociocultural interference irrespective of the country the individual lived which differed only in their next generations.ConclusionThough this study showed the complex relationship, and its influences on organ donation behaviour, lacunae were identified to further understand how such complex interactions determine or inform the behaviour. Also, methodological issues were identified, where this particular population outside India were collectively studied with their neighbouring population which are not homogenous. Studies in India majorly addressed a similar aim using similar methods which produced repetition of studies leading to lack of diversified, wider and in-depth research. Therefore, while this systematic review addressed the barriers toward organ donation among Indians living globally, it also informs various gaps in research and also methodological issues.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019155274.
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Taboada, Hernán G. H. "El Moro en las Indias." Latinoamérica. Revista de Estudios Latinoamericanos, no. 39 (March 30, 2004): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/cialc.24486914e.2004.39.57303.
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La presencia de muslimes en los dominios colonialesespañoles ha recogido comentarios ocasionales, pocos trabajosacadémicos y muchas afirmaciones sin sustento. El artículo aspira aregistrar sobriamente la principal bibliografía existente, discutir algunosdocumentos y hacer alguna cauta afirmación. Sostiene que lacuestión todavía necesita mucha investigación, definiciones teóricasy lingüísticas básicas y la colaboración e intercambio entre estudiososde historia americana e islámica (ambos bandos han emitidosuposiciones demasiado generales y se ignoran mutuamente). Alrespecto, se define la relación a menudo confusa entre moriscos eIslam y se presentan como muy dudosas las teorías sobre la influenciaislámica en los esclavos negros o muchas supuestas herenciasárabes. El artículo está basado en fuentes impresas, primarias ysecundarias, cubre la totalidad de los dominios españoles (conpequeñas menciones de las colonias portuguesas e incluso francesase inglesas), y contextualiza en la historia española y las diásporasislámicas.
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Jain, N., S. Pandya, P. Srivastava, P. Chotalia, and A. Moorthy. "AB0694 IS THERE ANY HETEROGENEITY OF SPONDYLOARTHRITIS DISEASE MANIFESTATIONS BETWEEN TWO ETHNIC SUBGROUPS?:A MULTICENTRE INTERNATIONAL COMPARATIVE STUDY BETWEEN INDIA AND UK." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 79, Suppl 1 (June 2020): 1642–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6497.
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Background:Pathogenesis of Spondyloarthritis (SpA) multifactorial and remains unclear. Various hypothesis have been postulated genetics, HLAB27, IL17, Gut microbiome and Biomechanical stress. Many of these factors can be attributed to ethnic background and environment. HLAB27 accounts for 20–25 % of total heritability and 40% of genetic risk while <10% of HLA-B27 carriers in general population develop SpA1. Higher faecal calprotectin levels in SpA compared to control point towards microscopic gut inflammation2. Thus dietary habits and geographical factors can influence pathogenesis of disease. We looked in clinical manifestations of SpA patients of two very different ethnic background Caucasians and Indians from UK and India to shed more light in understanding the diseaseObjectives:To study any differences in the clinical manifestations of SpA patients of two ethnic groupsTo compare outcome measure (BASDAI and ASDAS) between Caucasians and IndiansTo study the difference in disease activity between Indian patients and British AsiansMethods:Multicentre observation study where data of SpA patients attending rheumatology clinics from two major teaching hospitals collected. In India data collected from Sheth VS Hospital and NHL Medical College, Gujarat and in United Kingdom from University Hospitals Leicester, NHS trust. Leicester has a multi-ethnic demography wherein almost 30%3of population is of south Asian ethnicity, making this study unique.Baseline demographic and clinical data was collected. Clinical and outcome measures compared to see any heterogeneity in disease manifestations. SPSS software usedResults:Total 200 patients analysed with 148 Indians and 52 Caucasians. The Indian cohort was subdivided into British Asians (second generation Indians) and those form Gujarat, IndiaWe found Indian subgroups were younger with shorter disease duration. Comparison in Table 1Table 1.CaucasianIndianPAge45.9±1231±12<0.001M:F34:193:10.74TDI years9.6 ±5.93.5± 5.2<0.001BASDAI4.05±2.173.1±1.70.002ASDAS2±0.82.4±1.20.02CRP12.8±23.624±12<0.001HLAB2767%26%<0.001Uveitis25%12%0.02IBP78%90%0.03Enthesitis21%60%<0.001Peripheral Arthritis19%36%0.02Dactylitis2%10%0.07Psoriasis10%20%0.1IBD2%5%0.35Comparing British Asians to Indians, Gujarat no significant difference in clinical parameters. (Table 2)British AsianIndianPBASDAI5.16±2.763.1±1.70.006ASDAS2.53±1.32.4±1.20.74CRP15.2 ±15.424±12<0.001Conclusion:We found Caucasians had more HLAB27 positivity and extra-articular manifestation of uveitis however the Indian population has more enthesitis and peripheral arthritis. Enthesitis is initiated during a mechano-sensation and the cultural difference including style of footwear could probably be one of the factors explaining our findings inflammatory back pain has been reported to be higher in Indians compared to Caucasians which could be due to life styleThe fact that ASDAS CRP behaves similarly in Indian patients across the two countries and is more when compared to Caucasians might point towards overall higher burden of disease in Indian populationTo our knowledge this is a first study comparing clinical manifestations of SpA between Indians and CaucasiansReferences:[1]Brown MAet al. Susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis in twins: the role of genes, HLAand environment.Arthritis Rheum 1997;40: 1823–8[2]J Simione, et al. Fecal Calprotectin, GutInflammation and SpA Archives of Medical Research. 2019;50:41-46[3]http://www.ons.gov.uk/censusDisclosure of Interests:Nibha Jain: None declared, Sapan Pandya: None declared, Puja Srivastava: None declared, Prashant Chotalia: None declared, Arumugam Moorthy Speakers bureau: Abbvie, Novartis,UCB,MSD
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ANDERSON, EDWARD, and PATRICK CLIBBENS. "‘Smugglers of Truth’: The Indian diaspora, Hindu nationalism, and the Emergency (1975–77)." Modern Asian Studies 52, no. 5 (June 4, 2018): 1729–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x17000750.
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AbstractDuring the Indian Emergency (1975–77) a range of opposition groups and the Indian state competed to mobilize the Indian diaspora. The Emergency therefore needs to be understood as a global event. Opposition activists travelled overseas and developed transnational networks to protest against the Emergency, by holding demonstrations in their countries of residence and smuggling pamphlets into India. They tried to influence the media and politicians outside India in an effort to pressurize Indira Gandhi into ending the Emergency. An important strand of ‘long-distance’ anti-Emergency activism involved individuals from the Hindu nationalist movement overseas, whose Indian counterparts were proscribed and imprisoned during the period. Several key Hindutva politicians in recent decades were also involved in transnational anti-Emergency activism, including Subramanian Swamy and Narendra Modi. The Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh's role in opposing the Emergency—particularly the way in which it enabled overseas Indians to act as ‘smugglers of truth’—remains an important legitimizing narrative for Hindu nationalists. Indira Gandhi's Congress government mounted its own pro-Emergency campaigns overseas: it attacked diasporic opposition activists and closely monitored their activities through diplomatic missions. The state's recognition of the diaspora's potential influence on Indian politics, and its attempts to counter this activism, catalysed a long-term change in its attitude towards Indians overseas. It aimed to imitate more ‘successful’ diasporas and began to regard overseas Indians as a vital political and geopolitical resource. The Emergency must be reassessed as a critical event in the creation of new forms of transnational citizenship, global networks, and long-distance nationalism.
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Boopathiraj, K., and S. Ganesan. "Water and Sanitation Problems in Virudhurnagar District with Special Reference to Sivakasi Taluk." Shanlax International Journal of Arts, Science and Humanities 9, S1-May (May 14, 2022): 96–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/sijash.v9is1-may.5943.
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In India, water becomes a valuable commodity on par with gold. The nation is among the most water-stressed in the world because it only possesses 4% of the world’s water resources compared to its 18% population. India is the second most populous nation in the world, with 1.38 billion inhabitants. More than 6% of this population does not have access to clean water, while about 15% of Indians defecate in the open. Water-borne diseases, stunting, and death are mostly caused by a lack of toilets and domestic water connections. Millions of people in India and throughout the world are coping with the COVID-19 pandemic while also dealing with the additional hardship of not having access to clean water. More than ever, Indian families’ health depends on having access to clean water. These elements—combined with the political pressure being applied to end the crisis—have heightened the urgency with which practical solutions to expand access to clean water and sanitary facilities must be put into place. A recent study by the government’s policy think tank, the NITI Aayog, found that a significant portion of Indians experience high to extreme water stress. This difficulty is exacerbated by India’s reliance on a monsoon that is becoming more unpredictable for its water needs. Even as the country experiences more floods and droughts, climate change is likely to make this pressure on water resources worse.The management of water resources, as well as the provision of clean water and sanitary facilities nationwide, are all areas in which the World Bank is active. Here are a few examples of how.
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Cumming, Peter A., and Diana Ginn. "First Nations Self-Government in Canada." Nordic Journal of International Law 55, no. 1-2 (1986): 86–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181086x00328.
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AbstractThe case law reveals the courts' willingness to uphold federal intervention in Indian government, justifying such intervention on the grounds that Congress has plenary power over Indian affairs, that a ward-guardian relationship exists between Indians and the American government, or that a particular action was political and therefore not open to review (243). Yet, courts have characterized the jurisdiction still exercised by tribal governments as flowing from retained sovereignty rather than as delegated by Congress. American tribes have been described as possessing » theoretical sovereignty and some self-governing powers« 244). These powers include determining membership, regulating probate and family matters, deciding whether to lease or surrender Indian land, allotting land to members, taxing those living on the reserve, controlling tribe assets, establishing tribal courts, and passing »municipal-type« laws (245). The Bureau of Indian Affairs still has significant powers, however. The Commissioner of the Bureau is responsible for »the management of all Indian affairs, and (for) all matters arising out of Indian relations« (246). This power can be used to disallow tribe ordinances (247). The Commissioner also controls money appropriated for the »benefit, care, and assistance of the Indians;« (248) and because of the size of the Bureau, a substantial amount of this money goes to administration (249). However, although Indian tribes in the United States are not fully self-governing, it appears that »as tribes adopt more and more American style governmental institutions ... the Bureau seems willing to permit a substantial degree of tribal government (250).
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Ward, Kaitlin P., Gordon E. Limb, Sarah Higbee, and Helena Haueter. "Stepfamily Closeness and Depression Among American Indian Emerging Adults: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach." Journal of Family Issues 40, no. 3 (October 29, 2018): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192513x18808574.
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Stepfamilies are one of the fastest growing family structures among all racial groups in the United States. Stepfamily research among many racial groups, specifically American Indians, is virtually nonexistent. This is unfortunate, as American Indians are more likely to divorce and remarry compared with other populations. From a family systems perspective, this study examined whether retrospectively perceived closeness in three stepfamily relationships, namely child–residential biological parent, child–residential stepparent, and child–stepsibling, were negatively associated with depression scores in 226 American Indian emerging adults. A structural equation model showed that increased child–residential biological parent and child–stepsibling closeness predicted decreased depression scores, whereas child–residential stepparent closeness did not. We also found that depression scores significantly predicted retrospective perceptions of child–residential biological parent, child–residential stepparent, and child–stepsibling closeness. Findings encourage interventions that strengthen American Indian child–residential biological parent and child–stepsibling relationships, and underscore the need for further research that explores American Indian stepfamily relationships.
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Salmón, Roberto Mario. "A Marginal Man: Luis of Saric and the Pima Revolt of 1751." Americas 45, no. 1 (July 1988): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1007327.
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The history of colonial Latin America can be told in terms of the relations between Spaniards, mixed blood frontiersmen, and Indians. In Mexico, Indians figured as significantly as did political and geographical factors in determining the nature and direction of Spanish-Mexican advance and settlement. The Spaniards were ever desirous to learn more about the Indians, especially if they had cultures and economies worth exploiting. But the Indians seldom submitted peacefully to these strange men who spoke of God and king and insisted on a new way of life. Indian chieftains only reluctantly gave up positions of tribal control and they remained prepared to foment sedition and rebellion against the Spanish and Mexican colonizers. This rebellion occurred often on the fringes of Spanish America.
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Patel, Aayesha. "Gandhiji and Traditional Medicines: Fast, Diseases and Dietary Changes." Revista Review Index Journal of Multidisciplinary 1, no. 1 (September 30, 2021): 01–04. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm2021.v01.n01.001.
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No human being is more directly related to India's struggle for independence, other than Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi. His name has become an alternative in the fight for human rights, gender equality, dignity and freedom. Gandhi not just as a sensual, perceiving the temper of the Indians of the colonial period, and the freedom to formulate their strategies. Very carefully, as it affects all aspects of Indian life, including the social, economic, and cultural. His observations and experiments in a variety of fields of life, and developed their peculiar views on the various fields of human life. Some of these actions are related to human health, including diseases, drugs and treatments. He noted that the vision expressed in his works, including a biography, letters, and other papers. The image of the condition – physical, psychological, and social causes of disease, methods of treatment, for example, changes in nutrition and natural ingredients, as well as the medical system, but is also relevant in the modern way of life, as well as in his political and social ideas. Gandhi's guide to health, it should be noted, is more than what they have done, in order to get the most out of it.
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Barbier, Maurice. "L’attitude de VITORIA à l’égard des Indiens." Moreana 43 (Number 165), no. 1 (July 2006): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2006.43.1.11.
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Dans cet article, l’auteur s’intéresse au regard que le théologien Francisco de Vitoria porte sur la colonisation espagnole. Il s’appuie sur des extraits de la Leçon sur la tempérance et de la Leçon sur les Indiens pour mettre en lumière les interrogations de Vitoria sur les modalités de la présence espagnole en Amérique et sur la légitimité de cette domination. Pour Vitoria, les Indiens sont des hommes comme les autres qui ne manquent pas de ressemblances avec les Européens. Il convient donc de ne pas leur causer de préjudice et de leur apporter des bienfaits matériels et humains en les détournant des sacrifices humains et de l’anthropophagie et en les amenant au christianisme. L’auteur propose ensuite la traduction inédite d’un fragment de la Leçon sur la tempérance où Vitoria se demande s’il est permis de faire la guerre aux Indiens sous prétexte qu’ils se livrent à l’anthropophagie et aux sacrifices humains.
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D'Aloisio, L. D., C. McComb, V. Shetty, M. Ballal, S. Ghosh, and D. L. Gibson. "A273 INCREASING THE REPRESENTATION OF INDIANS IN MICROBIOME RESEARCH: HOW DOES THEIR GUT MICROBIOME DIFFER?" Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology 6, Supplement_1 (March 1, 2023): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jcag/gwac036.273.
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Abstract Background During the 1900s when industrialization was on the rise in western countries, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) began to present itself and continually increase over the decades. Now, newly industrialized countries such as India are following this same pattern, and with a population reaching over one billion, India is projected to have one of the highest IBD prevalence worldwide. Furthermore, pediatric diagnoses of IBD are more frequently reported in India and in Indian children living in Canada, suggesting this disease may present differently in those of Indian descent. While the etiology of IBD remains unclear, a gut microbiome that is no longer symbiotic with its host is a key player. However, Indians are one of the least represented in microbiome research, therefore we cannot accurately assess the role of their gut microbiome in IBD. To effectively understand the nature of IBD in Indians, we must first define their gut microbiome. Purpose Our study characterizes the microbiome of Indians living in India to explore how it differs from Canadians of European descent. Method Stool samples from healthy volunteers (ages 18-55) were collected from Indians in India and Euro-Canadians in Kelowna, BC. Microbial DNA was extracted for 16S sequencing on the Illumina MiSeq platform and QIIME2 was used for microbiome analysis. Result(s) We will discuss the similarities and differences comparing the gut microbiome of Indians to Euro-Canadians, further highlighting the need for more microbiome research of this demographic. Conclusion(s) Our research aims to increase representation of Indians in microbiome research in the hopes of improving our knowledge of the predispositions to IBD, which will aid in the information required to develop effective preventive measures. With elevated risk for IBD in Indians residing in Canada, future studies should also aim to analyze if the gut microbiome in Indians change as they migrate and adopt the westernized lifestyle. Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Welch, Christina. "Powwowing My Way." International Journal for the Study of New Religions 9, no. 2 (October 23, 2019): 249–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.37623.
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This article explores Johnson’s concepts of indigenizing and extending through the lens of European pow-wow. Drawing on his argument that “identifying practices of indigenousness…are imagined through global media and often expressed in their forms” it begins with an overview of historical European representations of American Indians: representations that were virtually global at the time, and have led to the ubiquitous image of the Indian (or possibly indian warrior using the hyperreal simulation argument put forward by Vizenor). Such representations dominate the European pow-wow scene, where individuals don Indian garb and dance at social events, many of which are open to the public. The article then focuses on the English pow-wow scene, contrasting it with parade Hobbyism. Here individuals dress up as indians for public commemorations on Bonfire Night (November 5th annually). Both groups can be understood as conforming to Johnson’s extending narrative: the “circulation of religious knowledge and symbols into wider availability… [allowing] what was once a local truth [to be] presented as a more broadly applicable, even a universal one.” However, the far more complex matter of indigenizing requires discussion of contentious issues of appropriation.
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Merrill, John, and John Owens. "Ethnic Differences in Self-poisoning." British Journal of Psychiatry 150, no. 6 (June 1987): 765–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.150.6.765.
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The characteristics of West Indian patients admitted to a Birmingham hospital following deliberate self-poisoning were compared with those of White self-poisoners. West Indian patients were more likely to be young, female and single. They were less likely to have previously self-poisoned, have received previous psychiatric treatment, or be suffering from a personality disorder or alcoholism, but were more often followed-up by a social worker. Rates of self-poisoning for those aged under 25 were similar but for those aged over 25 were lower for West Indians than Whites.
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Nunnenkamp, Peter, Maximiliano Sosa Andrés, Krishna Chaitanya Vadlamannati, and Andreas Waldkirch. "What Drives India’s Outward FDI?" South Asian Journal of Macroeconomics and Public Finance 1, no. 2 (December 2012): 245–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2277978712473402.
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We empirically assess the determinants of India’s FDI outflows across a large sample of host countries in the 1996–2009 period. Based on gravity model specifications, we employ Poisson pseudo maximum likelihood (PPML) estimators. Major findings include: India’s outward FDI is hardly affected by motives to access raw materials or superior technologies. Market-related factors appear to have dominated the location choices of Indian direct investors. A larger Indian diaspora in the host countries attracts more FDI. Finally, it seems that Indian direct investors are relatively resilient to weak institutions and economic instability in the host countries. However, we do not find robust evidence that India provides an alternative source of FDI for countries that traditional investors tend to avoid.
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Derounian-Stodola, Kathryn Zabelle. "“Many persons say I am a ‘Mono Maniac’”: Three Letters from Dakota Conflict Captive Sarah F. Wakefield to Missionary Stephen R. Riggs." Prospects 29 (October 2005): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001678.
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“The other Civil War” is how many Minnesotans think of the U.S.-Dakota Conflict of 1862, fought for six weeks in the recently established state as the Civil War raged elsewhere (Nichols). These hostilities between groups of Dakota Indians and the U.S. government were triggered by a containable incident near Acton, Minnesota, in which four hungry young Dakotas apparently challenged five white settlers over food and then killed them. But some Indians decided against containment, and the Conflict instead escalated into a contest for traditional Dakota cultural identity and cohesion. Of course, the Dakotas' sense of siege had been exacerbated for years by “the historically familiar rapacious traders, ethnocentric missionaries, white men's decimating diseases, inept Indian Bureau officials, equivocating United States government representatives, and deplorably conflicting military policies,” as well the growing number of “land-hungry settlers” (Russo, 99). When the war ended in late September 1862, about five hundred whites and a considerable, but unknown, number of Dakotas and crossbloods were dead (Anderson and Woolworth, 1). The U.S. government unilaterally abrogated treaties with the Dakotas – regardless of individuals' actual involvement in the Conflict – removed or imprisoned them, conducted hasty and illegal trials, and sent thirtyeight to the gallows in Mankato, Minnesota, on December 26, 1862. It is believed to be the largest mass execution in American history. Although little known outside the state, this short but intense war has been called “a microcosm of the tragedy of Indian–white relations in America,” and its repercussions still resonate over a century later (Nichols, 4).
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Sardar, Soma, and Arjun Chandra Das. "New Dimension in Evaluation System in Secondary Level: NEP 2020." Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies 50, no. 4 (March 1, 2024): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i41313.
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The Government of India developed the National Policy on Education (NPE) with the goal of encouraging education among Indians. India's policies span both rural and urban areas for primary education through college. Prime Ministers Indira Gandhi (1968), Rajiv Gandhi (1986), and Narendra Modi (2020) issued the first and second NPEs on behalf of the Indian government, respectively.
The National Education Policy of India 2020 (NEP2020), approved by the Union Cabinet of India on 29 July 2020, outline the vision of the new education system of India. The recommendations of an expert committee led by Dr. Kasturirangan, the former chairman of the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO), served as the foundation for the New Education Policy.It takes the place of the earlier 1986 National Policy on Education. The policy aims to establish an education system that is deeply ingrained in Indian culture and immediately contributes to the country's transformation by offering top-notch education to all, positioning India as a global leader in knowledge.
This paper mainly focuses on NEP 2020 and evaluation system in secondary level. This paper also outlines the salient features of NEP and how they affect the existing education system.
Education is a concurrent subject, so for the successful implementation of the new education policy the state and the Centre have to come forward accordingly. Timely infusion of necessary resources viz. human, infrastructural, and financial should be taken care of both central and state level for satisfactory implementation of the new education policy. It is hoped that the new evaluation system will play a more important role in education in the future.