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Carter, Sandra Gayle. "Moroccan cinema : what Moroccan cinema? /." Digital version accessible at:, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/main.
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Lange, Shara K. "A Moroccan Remains a Moroccan." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2011. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3662.
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A MOROCCAN REMAINS A MOROCCAN contrasts old and new methods of clothes-making and situates Morocco in its multi-dimensional position among ancient, colonial, post-modern, and global influences. Themes of class, gender, and identity are the backdrop to stories about unique characters and the varieties of clothing that they make. The changing characteristics of clothing are a metaphor for the transformations happening both on the surface and to the infrastructure of Moroccan culture and economics.
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Lange, Shara K. "A Moroccan Remains a Moroccan." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3667.
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A MOROCCAN REMAINS A MOROCCAN contrasts old and new methods of clothes-making and situates Morocco in its multi-dimensional position among ancient, colonial, post-modern, and global influences. Themes of class, gender, and identity are the backdrop to stories about unique characters and the varieties of clothing that they make. The changing characteristics of clothing are a metaphor for the transformations happening both on the surface and to the infrastructure of Moroccan culture and economics.
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Aabi, Mustapha. "The syntax of Moroccan Arabic/French and Moroccan Arabic/Standard Arabic code switching." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3493/.
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Contact between different speech communities represents one breeding ground for change and accommodation which can affect the forms as well as the functions of language. Code switching (CS), as one result of this contact situation, is an important site to display the dominance of one language over another, or to witness the resolve of a speech community to incorporate another language so as to satisfy their needs, be them syntactic, lexical or pragmatic. The aim of this thesis is to trace down the formal manifestations of this type of language negotiation whereby switching occurs between two or more languages. It will be shown that, in a CS situation, collision of languages is highly regularised by specific syntactic features. A number of different models to CS structural constraints are considered, and one particular approach based on the analysis of selectional properties of the functional heads is advocated; this I will call the Functional Parameter Constraint (FPC). The underlying assumption of the FPC, which owes it theoretical motivation to recent syntactic research (e. g. Abney 1986, Ouhalla 1991, Chomsky 1995), is that interlanguage parameters, as opposed to language universals, constrain CS. Parameters are restricted to the features of functional categories given that their lexical counterparts are conceptually selected entries which are drawn from an invariant universal vocabulary, and therefore, are not to be parameterised (Chomsky 1995). Following Ouhalla (1991), three selectional properties for which functional categories can be parameterised cross-linguistically are identified, namely c-selection, m-selection and grammatical features. A corpus consisting of naturally occurring data was gathered to test the empirical validity of the hypothesis set for the study. The results of the examination of Moroccan Arabic/French and Moroccan/Standard Arabic bilingual conversations provide the sought empirical support.
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Nouhi, Youssef. "Wh-constructions in Moroccan Arabic." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9463.
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This thesis is designed to study various Moroccan Arabic (MA) wh-constructions both within the Government and Binding (GB) framework and the Minimalist Program (MP). It is, specifically, confined to relative clause formation, left dislocation (topicalization) and questions. A detailed analysis of relative clause formation is provided. It is particularly argued that the resumptive pronoun insertion in relatives is a last resort strategy which is used only where movement fails. It is also shown that resumptive pronouns function as variables which are bound by null operators in LF. In the course of this analysis, the issues of the Binding Theory and of the A$\sp\prime$-disjointness requirement with respect to resumptive pronouns are also discussed. Subsequently, an examination of yes-no questions is given. Additionally, Cheng's (1991) generalization that the availability of question particles correlates with the lack of syntactic wh-movement is investigated in detail. Finally, the recent minimalist version (Chomsky 1995) is applied to the issue of optionality in word orders and to certain wh-constructions. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)
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El, Jebbari Zyad. "Distribution channel for Moroccan artisans." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99809.
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Thesis: M. Eng. in Logistics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [72]-[74]).
The handicraft sector in Morocco represents more than 9% of the nation's GDP and employs 2.3 million people. However, despite their talent and expertise, Morocco's artisans are struggling to reach markets other than local regional or national markets. The main distribution model used so far has been the classic retail distribution model, which does not add value to the artisans' work, with most downstream actors playing the role of the middlemen. Other Ecommerce models such as the marketplace model or the crowdfunding model did not solve all the issues faced by artisans and customers. This paper provides the framework for a new distribution channel for Moroccan artisans to improve the efficiency of the value chain linking them to the American consumer by eliminating all unnecessary steps, overhead, and overall inefficiencies of the current distribution models. We first identify the models that are currently used to bring the artisans' crafts to the end consumer in developed markets: the market place (used by the platform Etsy), the crowdfunding model and the classic retail distribution model involving middlemen. We assessed the benefits of all the models by developing a new framework allowing to score each one of them. We then switched our focus to a hybrid model: a crowdfunding platform where the company partners with the artisans to align the different stakeholders' interests. To the extent of our knowledge, this model has not been used yet. It was found that our methodology could help artisans access international markets more efficiently. We finished by determining the optimal strategy using social media to market this platform and engage more efficiently potential customers. Keywords: handicraft, supply chain, crowdfunding, retail, social network marketing.
by Zyad El Jebbari.
M. Eng. in Logistics
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Messaouri-Deboun, Saïda. "A study of moroccan arabic connectives." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212766.
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Kirat, Hussein Ben M'hammed. "Franco-Moroccan relations 1946 to 1988." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391371.
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Aune, Kennetta Kathleen. "Prior Pidginization and Creolization in Moroccan Arabic." The University of Montana, 2008. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-05302008-115128/.
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This thesis makes a claim about the processes of prior pidginization and creolization, and a process of current decreolization in Moroccan Arabic (a colloquial dialect of Arabic spoken in Morocco). The claim of this thesis is based on the theory of pidginization and creolization in Arabic as posited by Versteegh (1984). A case-study is built for the aforementioned processes having occurred in Moroccan Arabic through fulfillment of Southworths (1971) two principles for determining the credibility of a pidginization and/or creolization claim: (1) That the required socio-linguistic frameworks are in place, and (2) that the linguistic effects of such processes are evident. Moroccan Arabic is analyzed alongside other languages that have undergone the processes of pidginization and creolization in its socio-diglossic history as well as in the linguistic features that are common to most pidgin and creole languages (e.g. transformed TMA system, SVO word order, analytic genitive, periphrastic interrogative, indefinite article). The conclusions drawn upon by the data presented in this thesis is that claims for the processes of prior pidginization and creolization, and the current process of decreolization in Moroccan Arabic are substantiated.
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El, Akel Nesrine. "Identity and belonging in Spanish-Moroccan literature." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/identity-and-belonging-in-spanishmoroccan-literature(441b624e-b0d4-4b5d-93e4-d8c46714793e).html.
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This thesis examines literature written in Spanish by Moroccan authors and Spanish authors with a Moroccan background. It includes the study of literature produced in colonial and post-colonial Morocco, as well as that which was produced in Spain after the first migration flux of the late 1980s. The thesis is in three parts. The first considers the influence, impact and heritage left by the Spaniards during their time in Spanish Morocco (1912-1956). It examines how the Protectorate cultivated in Moroccans a sense of belonging in respect of the Hispanic world and how this is reflected and eventually challenged in local literature. A central motif in this period is Al-Andalús, which helped create an imaginary homeland for Moroccans that transcended national borders. The second part turns its attention to matters of postcolonial identity. Covering the period from the moment of Moroccan independence in 1956 until the present, it examines writers’ need to reclaim a specifically Arab identity in the wake of their colonial past. In this context, we consider how writers negotiate notions such as modernity and tradition, and how the sense of identity which they convey in their work is informed by or defined against social, cultural and political realities, especially in the treatment of sex and sexuality. The third and final part of the thesis investigates the period from 1990 onwards, which corresponds to possibly the most productive time for literature written by Moroccans in Spanish (or indeed Catalan, since Catalonia was the destination for many migrants in the 1980s). Considering the literature produced both by Moroccans who had settled in Spain and those still writing from Morocco and from the Spanish enclaves, it explores the dominant themes of the time, such as immigration, double identities, cultural betrayal and belonging, with a view to understanding how writers assert their multiple identities through their work and against the background of misconceptions about what it means to be Spanish or Moroccan or both.
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Al-Harithi, T. A. "Moroccan policy towards the United States : A study in Moroccan society under the impact of Western penetration 1830-1912." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379763.
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Morocco's strategic location, its society and its relations with the Mediterranean world all had their impact on relations between Morocco and the United States. After American independence, Morocco was one of the first countries to recognize the United States and as a result had better relations with the latter than any of the other North African countries before 163D. The reward for its friendly attitude was much needed when the French conquered Algeria and Morocco came under the threat of European expansion. During the period between 1830 and 1831,, Morocco's policy towards the United States was based on acquiring American support to fend off the Europeans. After 1871, the Moroccans simply classified the United States in the same category as the European countries. Moroccan policy towards the United States in the period between France's conquest of Algeria and its conquest of Morocco itself was affected by both external and internal affairs in Morocco. It was also guided by the reactions of the United States and the latter's growing interests in Morocco. During that period, three factors dominated Moroccan policy. First, Morocco's desire for American support to prevent further European expansion. Second, Morocco's need to resist American pressure when the United States joined in the European penetration. Third, the Moroccan attitude towards events affecting America such as the American Civil War and the Spanish-American War. The desire for suport was a key element of Moroccan policy during the first four decades following the conquest of Algeria. American reaction, however, was weak because it adhered to its traditional policy: the "Monroe Doctrine". The need to resist American pressure was a result of the United States' growing interests in Morocco. These were manifested in American support for the Jewish issue, its involvement in the system of protection and the arrival of its missionaries in Morocco. These new interests, together with those of the Europeans', damaged Morocco's legal system and economy and resulted in the collapse of Moroccan reforms. The only card left in Morocco's hand was prompted by competition against the European powers over Morocco. When the latter settled their competitions, Morocco lost its independence.
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Wagner, L. B. "Negotiating diasporic mobilities and becomings : interactions and practices of Europeans of Moroccan descent on holiday in Morocco." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1317815/.
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In recent years, the annual summer journey of Moroccan families from Europe towards ‘home’ has become a state-acknowledged event as their arrivals number in the millions. These holidays serve an important role in molding ideas and practices of ‘Moroccanness’ for post-migrant generation diasporic visitors, as it is during this time that those of Moroccan descent raised in Europe have the most exposure to Morocco in situ – to language, community and space as they are practiced within the territorial boundaries of the nation – instead of their habitually practiced ways of being Moroccan (or not-being Moroccan) elsewhere. Using an approach based in linguistic anthropology alongside a geographical consideration of embodiment and mobilities, this thesis focuses on communicative and consumption practices of such individuals during their visits to Morocco. I traveled with participants, observing and recording interactions amongst diasporic visitors and community members resident in Morocco, and engaging with them in their practices of touristic leisure consumption. Thinking about ideas of ‘Moroccanness’ as a node in assemblage, unfixed yet specific, I demonstrate how their communicative and consumption practices shape an evolving sense of what it means to be ‘Moroccan’ for diasporic visitors. Their ideas of ‘Moroccanness’, which take shape both as rooted in diasporic connection and as touristic appreciation through consumption, resonate with the sense of ‘being Moroccan’ during their holidays and when they return ‘home’ to Europe. Yet, their diasporic orientation towards Morocco as a place of leisure consumption has ramifications on the relationship between future diasporic generations and the territory as ‘homeland’. My main theoretical contributions are: reimagining ‘diasporic’ in materialist terms, as an action instead of a state of being; and reimagining ‘hybridity’ as a set of interactions responding to multiple attractors in multiplicity, rather than an unstable condition of being neither one, nor the other.
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Pomeroy, Hilary Susan. "An edition and study of the secular ballads in the Sephardic ballad notebook of Halia Isaac Cohen." Thesis, University of London, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368887.
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Quinn, Simon R. "Bank credit and legal status in Moroccan manufacturing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:999e2006-bd8e-4902-9bd9-3c0d08f41e46.
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Moroccan manufacturing firms generally choose to incorporate under one of two legal forms: ‘Société Anonyme’ (SA) and ‘Société À Responsibilité Limitée’ (SARL). This thesis is about that choice and its consequence for firms’ access to bank overdraft facilities. In 2001, Morocco made a radical change to its company law regime: it replaced a company law dating from 19th-century France with modern standards of corporate governance and accountability. In Chapter One, I use the two-period FACS/ICA panel to analyse that reform and to evaluate its impact upon manufacturing firms’ access to bank credit. I find that the reform induced a substantial share of SA firms to switch to SARL, and that — relative to firms remaining in the SA status — this caused a significant and substantial withdrawal of bank overdraft facilities. In Chapter Two, I develop a theoretical model in which an agent signals its continuous type by using a variable that may take one of only two values (a ‘binary signal’); this is intended to represent a firm’s choice of legal status. I show that this binary signal provides only ‘coarse information’, and I consider the consequences of this coarseness; I solve for equilibrium conditions and I consider both the role of a principal’s risk aversion and the role of other observable agent characteristics (‘indices’). Chapter Three uses the results of Chapter Two to develop a new structural methodology for the separate identification of information and incentive effects. I apply the method to the data used in Chapter One, on the subset of firms having an overdraft facility in both survey periods (approximately two-thirds of the total sample). I find that, among that limited sample, there is no relevant information asymmetry. I estimate the potential welfare loss and conclude that, in the 95% confidence region of potential information effects and incentive effects, the maximum median welfare loss from information asymmetry is equivalent to approximately only 3% of the median bank overdraft limit. For the sample of firms having an overdraft facility in both survey periods, this challenges the common narrative that information asymmetry is an important reason for bank credit market failure.
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Beni, Houd Youssef <1985>. "Innovation Diffusion and Biostimulant knowledge in Moroccan agriculture." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10281/1/PhD%20thesis_YBH_DEF_11May2022_DEF.pdf.
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Our study focused on Morocco investigating the dissemination of PBs amongst farmers belonging to the first pillar of the GMP, located in the Fès-Meknès region. As well as to assess how innovation adoption is influenced by the network of relationships that various farmers are involved in.
We adopted an “ego network” approach to identify the primary stakeholders responsible for the diffusion of PBs. We collected data through “face-to-face” interviews with 80 farmers in April and May 2021. The data were processed with the aim of: 1) analysing the total number of main and specific topics discussed between egos and egos’ alters regarding the variation of some egos attributes; 2) analysing egos’ network characteristics using E-Net software, and 3) identifying the significant variables that influence farmers to access knowledge, use and reuse of PBs a Binary Logistic Regression (LR) was applied. The first result disclosed that the main PBs topics discussed were technical positioning, the need to use PBs, knowledge of PBs, and organic PBs. We noted that farmers have specific features: they have a high school diploma and a bachelor's degree; they are specialised in fruits and cereals farming, and they are managers and members of a professional organisation. The second result showed results of SNA: 1) PBs seem to become generally a common argument for farmers who have already exchanged fertiliser information with their alters; 2) we disclosed a moderate heterogeneity in the networks, farmers have access to information mainly from acquaintances and professionals, and 3) we revealed that networks have a relatively low density and alters are not tightly connected to each other. Farmers have a brokerage position in the networks controlling the flow of information about the PBs. LR revealed that both the farmers’ attributes and the networks’ characteristics influence growers to know, use and reuse PBs.
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Boumans, Louis. "The syntax of codeswitching analysing Moroccan Arabic/Dutch conversations /." Tilburg : Tilburg University Press, 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/40381844.html.
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Gibbins, Christopher. "Of stereotypes, political rights, and intersignification, postcolonial Moroccan writing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq60292.pdf.
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Hartman, Sarah M. "Postcards of us Moroccan textiles on the global market /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1009.
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Anssari, Naim Saida. "The speech Acts in Moroccan Arabic: An Intercultural Approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de València, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/81309.
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This dissertation is anchored in the field of intercultural pragmatics and it embraces the central issues of the analysis of the speech acts of thanks/apology, compliments and invitations. The choice of these three speech acts is initially justified by their distinctive features as pragmatically atypically encoded and decoded in Moroccan culture: In the speech of Moroccans, apologies are sometimes provided where thanks are expected, for example, in English or Spanish. The use of Compliments is socially restricted and culturally associated with the “bad-eye” afflict. Compliments are rarely used as such granting that in Moroccan Arabic complimenters need to bless complimentees whenever a compliment is formulated. And with regard to invitations, Moroccans turn up to break literally one of the most outstanding western maxims of politeness, namely, “do not impose”. Normally, Moroccans pragmatically oblige potential invitees to accept the invitation by resorting to oaths or swearing as a pragmatic device to validate invitationsEn esta tesis nos hemos propuesto analizar desde una perspectiva pragmática algunos aspectos de la cortesía en la cultura marroquí. Las experiencias adquiridas como marroquí residente en España en contacto con miembros de la cultura anfitriona nos hacen pensar que existen diferencias en el ejercicio de la cortesía entre estas dos culturas que pueden dar lugar a conflictos en el propósito comunicativo. Con el fin de explorar nuestras sospechas hemos seleccionado tres actos de habla que integran aspectos que, a pesar de ser corteses en la cultura marroquí, podrían aparecer anómalos y quizás (des)corteses si los trasladamos a la cultura española, por ejemplo. Los actos de habla a los que nos referimos son el agradecimiento/ disculpa, la invitación, y el cumplido, tal como son realizados en la comunidad de habla árabe marroquí. La elección de estos tres actos de habla estaría justificada por algunas singularidades de su manifestación en árabe marroquí. Observamos, en lo que se refiere al primer acto de habla mencionado, el uso que denominamos „extrapolado‟ de la „disculpa‟ como expresión de „agradecimiento‟. Se trata aquí de un fenómeno de neutralización entre dos esquemas de conducta cortés claramente diferenciables desde la perspectiva occidental, o de un tipo particular de uso indirecto de la disculpa como agradecimiento poco común en la cultura occidental, aunque referenciado para otros ámbitos culturales como el japonés (Coulmas, 1981). Destacamos en el caso de la invitación el carácter abiertamente impositivo que presenta: en la cultura marroquí los hablantes obligan literalmente a sus potenciales invitados a aceptar la invitación haciendo uso del juramento como estrategia de cortesía, hecho que contradice uno de los cánones de cortesía en el contexto occidental, donde la no interferencia en el espacio y la voluntad de los demás es altamente apreciada: “do not impose”, “give options” and “make your receiver feel good” (Lakoff 1973, p: 199). Finalmente, en lo que se refiere al cumplido, destacamos la asociación que presenta en la cultura marroquí con la amenaza propia del mal de ojo, lo que –como contrapartida- obliga a los usuarios del cumplido a bendecir a los destinatarios del mismo como fórmula cortés.
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Carey, M. A. "Ephemeral institutions : practical anarchy in the Moroccan High Atlas." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.597287.
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Based on fieldwork in a remote region of Morocco’s Central High Atlas Mountains, this thesis is an attempt to portray the changing face of rural Moroccan political life. It takes a determinedly localist perspective – looking at wider politics from the point of the view of a small village and looking above all at local political practice. Its central contention is that the idea of the “Institution” as a durable and partially predictable set of mechanisms and ideas, and which is so fundamental to political anthropology, is not a relevant framework for understanding local politics. Instead it proposes the idea of “ephemeral institutions”; political bodies that periodically emerge from the shifting contours of social relations and which exist only in reference to the particular context that calls them into being. Part I of the thesis charts the changing dynamics of village life in the period since independence and uses this as a means of discussing the shifting relationships between state institutions and local political practice. Part II explores local conceptions of what it means to be a man in the village context, placing these alongside wider anthropological debates about hierarchy and equality, as well as autonomy and unity, in so-called “tribal” societies. It suggests that the particular ways in which local men enact their manhood can be seen as militating against the formation of long-term local institutions. Part III moves on to look at ephemeral institutions themselves. It takes instances of conflict and cooperation in the area and shows how people make use of different social networks to create and mould political responses adapted to suit the needs of the situation at hand. Finally, Part III looks at challenges to prevailing ways of arranging political life. It describes how people adopt practices that they associate with the state, such as the clientelistic organisation of public projects, and use these as a means of creating new forms of institutional arrangement.
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Bull, Brian E. "The non-linear phonological structure of Moroccan colloquial Arabic." Thesis, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370024.
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Rankou, Hassan. "The Moroccan flora biodiversity, conservation & climate change effects." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/74986/.
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The integrated approach of combining floristic studies, IUCN conservation assessments, threat evaluation and Ecological Niche Modelling embraced in this research shows the importance and the value of the threatened Moroccan flora within the Mediterranean basin hotspot. Morocco is characterized by a high vascular plant diversity with approximately 3193 species and subspecies of which 22% are endemic. The new checklist of the endemic Moroccan flora following the new classification of APG III is elaborated in this research. It contains 879 species and subspecies in 55 families and 287 genera with comments on their geographical distribution and ecoregions. The conservation assessments and red listing of the Moroccan flora, according to IUCN criteria and categories, reveals a high extinction risk and thus the flora is of conservation concern, which is poorly recognized at present, both nationally and internationally. This research presents the initial part of the Moroccan Red Book as an important first step towards the recognition of the dangers to Moroccan biodiversity hotspots, the conservation of threatened species and the raising of public awareness at both national and international levels. The Ecological Niche Modelling approach identifies the current and future areas of high biodiversity richness, confirms that climate change is affecting the Moroccan flora and recognises the areas where species are most at risk, and refugia where the threatened species could be transferred and conserved. Current natural plant distribution ranges and their associated habitats will either reduce, or disappear in some cases, or shift to new refugia. This latter highlights the places to be prioritised in terms of optimising biodiversity conservation efforts: the Atlas Mountains (High Atlas, Anti Atlas and Middle Atlas), Rif Mountains and coastal areas (North Atlantic and the Middle Atlantic of Morocco). The approach adopted here of combining floristic studies, IUCN Red listing, Ecological Niche Modelling and threat evaluations provides powerful tools for conservation assessments, highlights species richness in specific floristic hotspots and estimates the predicted actual or potential species geographic range. This research has combined these new techniques to set the conservation priorities for the Moroccan flora and to inform stakeholders and policy makers. This is key to identifying and ameliorating the effects of the threats endangering the Moroccan plant diversity mainly habitat loss and degradation, direct and indirect human disturbance, changes in vegetation dynamics and climate change. A set of conservation action priorities are elaborated and include; species and habitat protection, ecological monitoring and research, communication and education.
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Cousquer, Glen Olivier. "Knowing the mule : faring well in Moroccan mountain tourism." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31192.
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The emergence of the mule's role as a beast of burden working in mountain tourism is founded on our appreciation of this species' great attributes as a means of transport in the mountain environment. Our appreciation of mules does not always extend to their care and welfare. This is particularly true of the mountain tourism industry in Morocco, where this study is situated. Why has there been a collective absencing of the mule from the consciences of those involved in this industry? In seeking to answer this question and in moving towards the question of how the mountain tourism industry can be more present to the mule and to mule welfare, this thesis explores the multiple ways in which we know the mule. Drawing on a ten-year engagement with the industry, extensive ethnographic fieldwork in the High Atlas and an Action Research initiative supporting tour operators as they develop and implement welfare policy and practice, this thesis explores how mule welfare can be viewed as emerging from a multiplicity of practices that, in failing to cohere, become subject to negotiation and ontological politics. An alternative community approach based on dialogue is evoked that might allow a consensus to emerge over how welfare should be practised. The thesis focuses on the quality of the relationship between mules and humans. It emphasises the importance of genuine meeting and dialogue and the need for spaces and places in which mules and humans can come together to identify how they can establish relationships based on mutual trust and understanding rather than on control and domination. In prototyping better relationships between mules, muleteers and their employers, this thesis offers the mountain tourism industry transformative pathways toward a more equitable and sustainable co-creative project.
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Lahlou, Radia Lyna. ""Crooked" Language: Moroccan Heritage Identity and Belonging on YouTube." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1527769853639994.
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Fatmi, Abdessamad. "Moroccan-Spanish relations from above and below (1990-2012)." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2013. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/14075/.
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This study sets out to analyse the dynamics and complexities of Moroccan-Spanish relations “from above and from below” over a period of 22 years (1990 to 2012) by exploring the impact of the supra-state (EU) and the sub-state (Catalan) entities on the bilateral relationship. While the Rabat-Madrid nexus is the main focus, the thesis also surveys Moroccan-EU and Moroccan-Catalan relations, focusing on economic, migration and cooperation policy areas where Spain, the EU and Catalonia have shared but varying degrees of competence. The investigation seeks to examine whether the complexity of relations and actors turn out to be beneficial or detrimental to the Rabat-Madrid bilateral ties, and strives to produce a theoretically informed investigation by framing the dynamics of this complex relationship in theoretical terms. Multi-level governance, Europeanization, Complex Interdependence and Omnibalancing are the main theoretical frameworks discussed. With regard to the central relationship (Moroccan-Spanish relations), the research highlights its complex, multifaceted and cyclical nature. It underlines some of the structural problems plaguing the bilateral ties such as the dissimilar political systems, the territorial squabbles, economic interests and disparities, migration and security challenges, and the negative public opinion; and it also points to the flourishing web of interdependencies forcing the two neighbours to cooperate such as the intensifying economic, political, and social issues. As to Morocco-EU relations, it transpires that Madrid looms relatively large in most EUMoroccan ties, especially in economic (fisheries and agricultural) and migration issues. Brussels also plays an on-going structural role allowing Madrid to de-problematize some of its dealings with Rabat, by providing resources and a platform allowing Rabat and Madrid to focus on more constructive issues. Importance of Moroccan-Catalan relations is illustrated by the large proportion of Moroccan immigrants living in the autonomous region and the sustained economic and official relations between Barcelona and Rabat. Although Catalonia has its own priorities linked to its economic interests, identity, security, international prestige, and influence in Spanish politics, Barcelona’s impact on Rabat-Madrid relations has mainly been positive, if not complementary. The research also highlights the lingering and potential structural problems in the inter-state bilateral relationship including territorial issues, economic interests and disparities, security challenges, negative perceptions, etc. However, it concludes that the proliferation of actors and the diversification of interests has largely generated a shield of common interdependencies that mitigate tensions and prevent potential conflicts. The thesis argues, therefore, for Complex Interdependence as a fairly satisfactory theoretical base, albeit with limitations. The theory has the potential to frame the dynamics of this complex relationship where increased interdependencies seems to create a buffer of common interests withstanding conflict. Within this framework, the EU and Catalonia can be perceived as external actors and contact channels, largely facilitating relations and alleviating tensions.
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Wernberg-Møller, Alison. "A sociolinguistic study of the Moroccan community of Edinburgh." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21600.
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Boumans, Louis. "The syntax of codeswitching : analysing Moroccan Arabic/Dutch conversation /." Tilburg : Tilburg University Press, 1998. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37683283t.
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Freeman, Amy L. "Contingent modernity : Moroccan women's narratives in 'post ' colonial perspective /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5630.
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Thompson, Fraser. "The impact of location on firm performance in Moroccan manufacturing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.439325.
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Jamai, A. "Language use and maintenance among the Moroccan minority in Britain." Thesis, University of Salford, 2008. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/2030/.
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The goal of this study is to investigate language use among a relatively young immigrant community in Britain with a view to finding out what role English plays in their lives, whether they still use their languages of origin, and what are the reasons for their particular language behaviour. Language use and maintenance in an immigrant minority setting is an important area of investigation if one is to understand some of the factors involved in the community's integration process, or the lack of it, in general, and to appreciate the role of language for integration in particular. Minority communities adopt a number of linguistic strategies for communication among themselves and their wider community. In most cases, these linguistic strategies are dictated by both the social and linguistic environment the immigrant minority finds itself living in. The thesis first looks at the sociolinguistic situation of Morocco in order to establish the linguistic background of this community. It then considers the British Moroccans from a socio-economic perspective with a view to identifying factors that may influence language shift behaviour. The empirical part of the thesis is concerned with establishing linguistic as well as non-linguistic determinants of language maintenance such as those that influence language choice, code-switching, attitudes and use of language-specific media. The study has two main hypotheses: first, the Moroccan community in Britain is undergoing a generational language shift, and second, typical Moroccan sociolinguistic patterns are reflected in the language use of Moroccan speakers in Britain as well. While the former hypothesis has, on the whole, proved correct, the latter did not hold true.
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de, Unzaga Miriam Ali. "Weaving social life. Moroccan rural textiles, people and changing values." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496177.
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El, Biadi Maha. "Gender representation in the discourse of the Moroccan popular newspapers." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390656.
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Eriksson, Ellinor. "Condemned to be connected : Moroccan journalists' attitudes towards citizen journalists." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-120218.
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This bachelor's thesis is based on a Minor Field Study (MFS) conducted in Rabat and Casablanca, Morocco, April and May 2015. The aim is to study Moroccan journalists' attitudes towards citizen journalism and its impact on the role of the journalist: 1) With what claims do they define citizen journalists and journalists respectively? and 2) In what ways do these claims relate to the impact citizen journalists can be expected to have on the role of the journalist and freedom of expression in Morocco? In the discussion, theories on discourse, professionalism, journalistic ideals, and development journalism are applied. Semi-structured interviews in French were conducted with five journalists working within five different print and online publications. The material was analyzed according to a model of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The interviewed journalists give accounts of how they are "condemned to be connected" to the vox populi that citizen journalists constitute. There is a prevalence of professionalism discourse where verification and objectivity are described as what characterizes a journalist. But respondents also emphasize "teamwork", and that "all journalists are citizen journalists", and these themes are interpreted as characteristic of development journalism. Within professional discourse in a development journalism context, the reliability of citizen journalists is downplayed. At the same time, citizen journalists are described as freer than professional journalists. In conclusion, it is considered likely that development journalist discourse sets an obstacle to the liberalizing impact of citizen journalism.
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Lehnert, Matthew R. "Ghost Hunting and A Moroccan Forest: a geography of Madness." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1372856199.
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Driver, Cory Thomas. "Personal Experience (Hi)Stories from Moroccan Mixed Ethno-Religious Communities." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1312991523.
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Abraham, Meir Ben. "The impact of the 'Alliance Israelite Universelle' on change and modernisation of the Jewish communities of Morocco, 1912-1956." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321978.
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Kaddouri, Kaoutar. "The Experiences of Professional Moroccan Women in the Canadian Job Market." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/19801.
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In Canada, the non-recognition of foreign credentials remains a considerable policy issue as well as a challenge for skilled immigrants. Many studies have shed light on the difficulties that foreign professionals face when seeking a placement in the Canadian job market. This thesis focused on the experiences of professional women from Morocco on the basis of the premise that every racialized group’s immigration experience deserves a space in the literature to voice their realities and inspire policy considerations. As a result, this study focused on examining the experiences of Moroccan women in the Canadian job market and the impact thereof, on their socio-economic status, and as such, health and well-being.
In order to effectively capture the experiences of this particular community, a fieldwork study was conducted in the form of semi-structured individual interviews with twelve women who immigrated to Canada from Morocco with professional qualifications.
Based on the participants’ accounts, I described that systemic discrimination as manifested in Othering and racialization remain major obstacles to the realization of equal access in the Canadian labour market. All in all, this research provides valuable insight into the plight of skilled immigrants in Canada and thus, offers strong policy recommendations to facilitate a more effective integration process for this group into the Canadian Job market.
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Forte, Rita. "Understanding Critical Peace Education: A Case Study of a Moroccan School." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/36119.
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Despite seemingly remarkable progress on civic-political concepts in different cultural and national contexts, the co-existence of students and civilizations in the classroom remains underrepresented in critical peace education as a pedagogical approach. As a result, this qualitative case study seeks to understand the curriculum-as-planned, -implemented, and -lived of four Grade 5 classrooms at a school in Morocco. In this study, I suggest that their curriculum represents some of the key concepts taken up in critical peace education. Critical peace education works toward creating spaces of empowerment for students where they can critically analyze their relations to power. I use Foucault’s conceptions of discursive regimes, power/knowledge, care of the self, genealogy, and archaeology as the foundation for a postmodernist worldview. As part of my research methodology I collected data from curriculum documents, photos of activities/events/interactions at the school and/or within the classroom, responses from Grade 5 students to questions about their lived experiences about “making peace,” and journaling about my role as a participant-observer in the Arabic-speaking classrooms. This research seeks to mobilize knowledge that focuses on current practices for designing curriculum and pedagogical strategies that are needed to develop what we might call a “critical peace curriculum.”
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Martín, Sandra Stickle. "MOROCCAN WOMEN AND IMMIGRATION IN SPANISH NARRATIVE AND FILM (1995-2008)." UKnowledge, 2010. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/766.
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Spanish migration narratives and films present a series of conflicting forces: the assumptions of entitlement of both Western and Oriental patriarchal authority, the claims to autonomy and self determination by guardians of women’s rights, the confrontations between advocates of exclusion and hospitality in the host society, and the endeavor of immigrant communities to maintain traditions while they integrate into Spanish society. Taking into consideration current theories of space, mobility, feminism, and assimilation, I center my analysis on four significant moments of migration: the inundation of Western media in other countries that inspires individuals to find alternatives to poverty and oppression; the trauma of the physical and emotional separation from the land of origin; the trials of adjustments to an unknown and, at times, hostile culture; and the construction of a new community within a host society.
The works give testimony to how contact with different cultures, religions, and languages has given way to a unique space between Western images and multicultural realities where power, identities, and destinies are negotiated. Exploring the patterns of displacement and gender roles, I point out how some authors align themselves with the power structures that stifle immigrants’ initiatives, while others choose to challenge the status quo. This space creates an opportunity for change propelled principally by the courage, agency, and mobility of female characters that weaken patriarchal domination in Muslim society and counter powerful Western ideologies. The resulting new culture imbued with personal values rekindles Hispanic-Moroccan historical links and opens the door to a revived multicultural, multilingual, multiethnic Spanish identity. I argue that the determination of the female characters is the key to the changes taking place in the twenty-first century Spanish society, which, according to Spanish migration narratives and films, could anticipate the dissolution of the Fortress Europe and the consolidation of integration. Establishing a dialogue between opposing forces, my analysis invites readers and viewers of the narrated process of immigration to consider their own personal positions on such a pressing issue.
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Allali, Mohamed. "The efficiency of selection in a Moroccan sugar cane breeding programme." Thesis, University of Reading, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239460.
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MacPhee, Marybeth Jeanette 1965. "The aesthetics of health in the everyday life of Moroccan women." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288861.
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This study of popular health culture in southeastern Morocco examines how women produce health in the household, from the perspective of aesthetic values in a setting of medical pluralism. The study of dominant themes and core values in the Ziz Valley illuminates local forms of common sense and embodied notions of the world. It is argued that aesthetic knowledge guides interpretation of illness experiences and perceptions of well-being as women evaluate feelings of security and vulnerability in everyday life. In Morocco, the aesthetic values of rhythm, balance, facade, and purity order the emergent experience of body, household, and society. These values gain meaning in relationship to the moral and spiritual tenets of local Islam. The dissertation examines how the five daily prayers set a rhythm for the day, in which the activities of prayer, ablution, housework, eating, and socializing create a rhythm for the body in the day. From this baseline, the study examines how multiple, intersecting explanations of health and illness play out among women caregivers living in multigenerational households. In case studies describing situations that culturally mark individuals as highly vulnerable, women employ practices that protect and restore states of well-being, revealing how aesthetic values give form to experience. Finally, the dissertation shows how feelings of vulnerability guide behavior in everyday life. Examples illustrate how women communicate vulnerability through illness and participation in collective memory, and support the argument that the production of well-being in Morocco incorporates physical, social, spiritual, and emotional aspects of experience.
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Paterson, Hilary. "The symbolic significance of the ghaita as used in Moroccan Sufism." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8145.
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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 68-71)....a serendipitous discovery of the Aissawa Order of Morocco ... lead me to become interested in the music of Morocco and particularly the use of oboes by the people of that country. I had already heard recordings of the Master Musicians of Jajouka, another Moroccan group who uses oboes, but saw that this group is already very well documented, and hoped that a study of the Aissawa would be more interesting because of their relative obscurity. They are a particularly interesting group because they are one of the few Sufi Orders that use the ghaita in their spiritual ceremonies (even though it is used widely as a secular ceremonial instrument), and this fact tempted me to explore the importance of the instrument to the group.
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Masiero, Federica <1986>. "The Acquisition of L2 italian by an illiterate Moroccan young adult." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/1718.
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In questa tesi verrà analizzato l'apprendimento dell'italiano di base da parte di giovane adulto marocchino analfabeta. Lo scopo è verificare il suo livello di acquisizione attraverso l'analisi delle sue produzioni (spontanee ed elicitate) e dei suoi errori.
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Dominguez, Diaz Marta. "Revisiting Moroccan sufism and re-Islamisizing secular audiences : female religious narratives in the Tarīqa Qādiriyya Būdshīshiyya in Morocco and Western Europe today." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590564.
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Sajir, Zakaria. "The political integration of Moroccans in Europe : an analysis of the attitudinal and behavioural engagement of Moroccan-origin residents in politics in five European cities." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/42769.
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In this dissertation I focus on the political integration of the people of migrant-origin from Morocco. The main objective is to explore how contextual factors shape the political engagement of this group. In addition, the varying migration trajectories and histories of settlement in Europe of this large, heterogeneous, stigmatised, and understudied group are made visible. I begin by advancing my own conception of political integration, adding to work that seeks to fill a gap in the literature on migrant integration, which has predominantly focused on the social and economic aspects. Using this concept, I analyse the attitudinal and behavioural forms of political engagement expressed by the members of the Moroccan-origin communities residing in Brussels, Lyon, Turin, Barcelona, and Madrid. I use survey data from the LOCALMULTIDEM project, a sister project, and an original survey in Turin that I designed and conducted. I investigated how contextual factors—the presence of local voting rights in favour of non-European nationals and the strength of the anti-discrimination policies implemented in the countries of residence—can shape the way Moroccan-origin individuals engage in their countries of residence. I conducted a series of multivariate analyses whilst controlling for the influence of individual attributes, like gender, age, and education. The results produced do not provide evidence in support of the argument that the extension of local voting rights in favour of migrant-origin individuals can stimulate their political engagement. The Moroccan-origin individuals residing in Brussels, the only city where non-European nationals can take part in local elections, do not have a higher chance to be engaged in politics. However, the findings suggest that the Moroccan-origin communities residing in countries implementing stronger and intermediate anti-discrimination policies (Belgium, France, and Italy) can express their voice through a wider set of political acts.
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Goodlett, Dana Louise. "Resilience in Uncertainty: An Examination of a Moroccan Centre Serving Unwed Mothers." Scholar Commons, 2016. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6089.
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Utilizing a gender-based violence approach, this study investigated service delivery realities for a Moroccan women’s centre serving unwed mothers and their babies. Primary research methods included participant observation and semi-structured interviews (n=20) with unwed mothers and centre staff. This study aimed to determine what factors lead mothers to seek assistance, types of assistance offered, and challenges and future opportunities for services. Findings indicate a lack of social support to mothers, lack of social and economic support for the centre and reduced service capacity, and the use of deceit in interactions between mothers and staff rooted in cultural notions of shame. Future opportunities for program development and sustainability are discussed. This work hopes to contribute to a richer understanding of gender-based violence in local contexts through the investigation of unwed mother’s experiences of gender-based violence in Moroccan society and how these experiences impact the reality and capabilities of social service provision.
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Hicks, Elisabeth. "Ambassadors of the Albayzín : Moroccan vendors of La Caldereria in Granada, Spain." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/1534.
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The Lonely Planet advises visitors to Granada, Spain to "turn off...into the cobbled alleys of Calderería Vieja or Nueva and in a few steps you've left Europe behind." La Calderería is known for its Arab influences and North African immigrant businesses. A tourist's ability to easily step off one continent and enter another realm demonstrates an imagined border between Europe and the Orient, especially North Africa, that is created by historical narratives, policy discourses and daily practices. The antagonism between an imagined white, Catholic and European Spain vis-à-vis its North African Muslim neighbors is fundamental to the history of the Spanish nation. This East/West divide has recently been recast as Moroccan immigration, inspired by proximity and colonial legacies, since the 1980s has made Moroccan the largest immigrant group by nationality in Spain. Supranational borders, neighborhoods and specific streets participate in an intense debate about cultural difference, based on a complicated mixture of racial, ethnic and religious categories. Concurrently, more regional autonomy within the Spanish state has led Andalusia to reclaim its Islamic heritage, especially in Granada where tourism is important economically. This has dovetailed with gentrification of the Albayzín. Both the appropriation of the Islamic period of Iberian history and the contemporary social exclusion of Moroccan immigrants are realized through Orientalism. In La Calderería, tea, souvenirs, male Moroccan vendors, Western female tourists, pavement, cultural conservation, public space ordinances and police surveillance create a site where public and private space blurs and ‘practical orientalism’ constitutes subjects performing and resisting the identities prescribed to them.
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Teixidor, Toneu Irene. "The evolution of medicinal floras : insights from Moroccan medicinal plant knowledge transmission." Thesis, University of Reading, 2017. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/75513/.
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Why some plants are used medicinally, and others not, is not yet totally understood; intrinsic, cultural and floristic factors may be important and their interactions are complex. Plants’ morphological, organoleptic and ecological traits have been evaluated elsewhere. This thesis focuses on the role of cultural transmission of knowledge across generations, societies and floristic environments. Using Morocco as a case study, this thesis describes medicinal plant use among understudied Tashelhit speakers in the High Atlas and specialist healers called ferraggat. The role of knowledge transmission is evaluated in a context of cultural change. Processes of transmission are also inferred from patterns of medicinal plant use regionally; a checklist for Moroccan medicinal plants is compiled and a new method based on biogeographic data is used to test a hypothesis about the influence of the Arab knowledge due to historical migrations into Morocco. Aspects of Ishelhin ethnobotanical knowledge are described through 254 vernacular plant names, which reflect local livelihoods and biodiversity values; 151 vernacular names for medicinal plants correspond to 159 botanical species and are found to treat 36 folk ailments. Men and women listed significantly different medicinal plants; herbal medicine is a women’s domain characterized by low specificity of herbal remedies and widespread use of mixtures. Medicinal plant use is guided by local concepts of health and illness including supernatural aetiologies, which also determine healthcare seeking behaviour. Belief in supernatural causes of illness and difficult access to biomedicine result in preference for ferraggat to treat childrens’ ailments in the High Atlas by a practice called frigg. Seventy plants were documented for this treatment, but emphasis on plants may be a recent substitute for remedies that used primarily wool and blood two generations ago. This is a shift in the objects of cultural meaningfulness in response to the increasing influence of orthodox Islam and state-sponsored modernisation, including public healthcare and schooling. Transmission of knowledge is underpinned by the prestige and legitimacy of alternative remedies and healing systems, which shift during socioeconomic and religious change. With biomedicine available, herbal remedies may not be preferred treatments, unless local explanatory models of illness are maintained. Meta-analysis of the Moroccan medicinal flora supports this view. Although I hypothesised that Saharo-Arabian plants would be overrepresented in the Moroccan medicinal flora, overrepresentation was not significant. Nonetheless, Arabic influence is evidenced through the Moroccan syncretic health system. The combination of pattern and process observation in the field and from macroscale analysis contributes to the understanding of how knowledge transmission shapes medicinal floras.
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Trott, Brian. "Faouda Wa Ruina| A History of Moroccan Punk Rock and Heavy Metal." Thesis, The University of Wisconsin - Milwaukee, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10815577.
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Under the Supervision of Professor Gregory Carter While the punk rock and heavy metal subcultures have spread through much of the world since the 1980s, a heavy metal scene did not take shape in Morocco until the mid-1990s. There had yet to be a punk rock band there until the mid-2000s. In the following paper, I detail the rise of heavy metal in Morocco. Beginning with the early metal scene, I trace through critical moments in its growth, building up to the origins of the Moroccan punk scene and the state of those subcultures in recent years. I also discuss in depth the organization of concerts and music festivals in Morocco. I argue that Moroccan youth creatively engage with globalized media, to create original, subjective interpretations of said media. This paper is split into sections of analysis and sections of narrative based on interviews I conducted with members of the Moroccan punk and metal scenes.
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Benchiba, Najat. "A structural analysis of Moroccan Arabic and English intra-sentential code switching." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/28920/.
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A phenomenon of language contact between different speech communities is that of code switching which is a result of language contact between speakers of diverse language(s) and/or dialect(s). The aim of this thesis is to quantitatively and qualitatively detail the grammatical outcomes of intra-sentential code switching in natural parsing by bilingual speakers of Moroccan Arabic and English in the UK and to assess the way in which the Matrix Language Frame Model (MLF) (Myers-Scotton 1993b, 2002) is a suitable linguistic model for bilingual discourse. Such natural switching is highly regularized and syntactic features are maintained through normal grammatical constraints as will be detailed. A description of grammatical approaches to code switching is outlined with focus on one particular model, the Matrix Language Frame the concept of which was first pioneered by Joshi (1985) and elaborated upon in further detail by Myers-Scotton (1993b, 2002). I also draw upon the Minimalist model MacSwan (1999) for further analysis of inter-language parameters and language universals with regard to constraints on code switching as well as comparisons made with the Monolingual Structure Approach (Boumans, 1998). It is not the aim of this thesis to advocate a one-size-fits-all approach to constraints on code switching as this has proved to be the Achilles heel of all theoretical approaches to code switching over the last few decades (Pfaff 1979, Poplack 1980, Di Sciullo, Muysken & Singh 1986, Bentahila & Davies 1983) but to validate and corroborate the viability of the Matrix Language Frame Model. Natural data of Moroccan Arabic and English code switched discourse collated for this thesis provide further empirical support required to test the validity of the Matrix Language Frame model well as providing a quantitative database for further research. I advocate my own set of eleven generalizations pertaining to intra-sentential code switching and highlight a new emerging speech style amongst second and third generation speakers I have termed Reactive Syntax where it becomes evident that innovative speech styles and syntactic strings of utterances highlight creativity amongst these generational groups. This thesis concludes with an evaluation of the data collated together with an examination of the suitability of the Matrix Language Frame Model and suggestions for further research.